= The NullDB Connection Adapter Plugin
== What
NullDB is the Null Object pattern as applied to ActiveRecord database
adapters. It is a database backend that translates database
interactions into no-ops. Using NullDB enables you to test your model
business logic - including +after_save+ hooks - without ever touching
a real database.
== How
Once installed, NullDB can be used much like any other ActiveRecord
database adapter:
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection :adapter => :nulldb
NullDB needs to know where you keep your schema file in order to
reflect table metadata. By default it looks in
RAILS_ROOT/db/schema.rb. You can override that by setting the
+schema+ option:
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection :adapter => :nulldb,
:schema => foo/myschema.rb
NullDB comes with RSpec integration. To replace the database with
NullDB in all of your specs, put the following in your
spec/spec_helper:
require 'nulldb_rspec'
include NullDB::RSpec::NullifiedDatabase
Or if you just want to use NullDB in a specific spec context, you can
include the same module inside a context:
require 'nulldb_rspec'
describe Employee, "with access to the database" do
fixtures :employees
# ...
end
describe Employee, "with NullDB" do
include NullDB::RSpec::NullifiedDatabase
# ...
end
NullDB::Rspec provides some custom matcher support for verifying
expectations about interactions with the database:
describe Employee do
include NullDB::RSpec::NullifiedDatabase
it "should cause an insert statement to be executed" do
Employee.create!
Employee.connection.should have_executed(:insert)
end
end
UnitRecord-style verification that no database calls have been made at
all can be achieved by using the special +:anything+ symbol:
describe "stuff that shouldn't touch the database" do
after :each do
Employee.connection.should_not have_executed(:anything)
end
# ...
end
You can also experiment with putting NullDB in your database.yml:
unit_test:
adapter: nulldb
However, due to the way Rails hard-codes specific database adapters
into its standard Rake tasks, you may find that this generates
unexpected and difficult-to-debug behavior. Workarounds for this are
under development.
== Why
There are a number of advantages to writing unit tests that never
touch the database. The biggest is probably speed of execution - unit
tests must be fast for test-driven development to be practical.
Another is separation of concerns: unit tests should be exercising
only the business logic contained in your models, not ActiveRecord.
For more on why testing-sans-database is a god idea, see:
http://www.dcmanges.com/blog/rails-unit-record-test-without-the-database.
NullDB is one way to separate your unit tests from the database. It
was inspired by the ARBS[http://arbs.rubyforge.org/] and
UnitRecord[http://unit-test-ar.rubyforge.org/] libraries. It differs
from them in a couple of ways:
1. It works. At the time of writing both ARBS and UnitRecord were
not working for me out of the box with Rails 2.0.
2. It avoids monkey-patching as much as possible. Rather than
re-wiring the secret inner workings of ActiveRecord (and thus being
tightly coupled to those inner workings), NullDB implements the
same [semi-]well-documented public interface that the other standard
database adapters, like MySQL and SQLServer, implement.
3. UnitRecord takes the approach of eliminating database interaction
in tests by turning almost every database interaction into an
exception. NullDB recognizes that ActiveRecord objects typically
can't take two steps without consulting the database, so instead it
turns database interactions into no-ops.
One concrete advantage of this null-object pattern design is that it
is possible with NullDB to test +after_save+ hooks. With NullDB, you
can call +#save+ and all of the usual callbacks will be called - but
nothing will be saved.
== Limitations
* It is *not* an in-memory database. Finds will not work. Neither
will +reload+, currently. Test fixtures won't work either, for
obvious reasons.
* It has only the most rudimentery schema/migration support. Complex
migrations will probably break it.
* Lots of other things probably don't work. Patches welcome!
== Who
NullDB was written by Avdi Grimm <mailto:avdi@avdi.org>
== Where
* Homepage: http://nulldb.rubyforge.org
* Project Info: http://rubyforge.org/projects/nulldb/
* SCM: http://rubyforge.org/scm/?group_id=7512
== Changes
* Version 0.0.1 (2007-02-18)
- Initial Release
* Version 0.0.2 (2007-05-31)
- Moved to Rubyforge
== License
See the LICENSE file for licensing information.
