diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/Makefile b/topics/investigation/complexity/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1984db02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+test:
+	cp ../../convergence/fl/snapshot/*.bgf tests/
+	cp ../../convergence/java/snapshot/*.bgf tests/
+	ls -1 tests/*.bgf | xargs -n1 ./testperform
+
+clean:
+	rm -f tests/*.bgf tests/*.out
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/avs.py b/topics/investigation/complexity/avs.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..8b944439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/avs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import sys
+sys.path.append('../../../shared/python')
+import BGF
+sys.path.append('../size')
+import var
+
+def rhssize(node):
+	if node.__class__.__name__ == 'Grammar':
+		return sum(map(rhssize,node.prods))/(0.0+len(var.var(node)))
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Production','Selectable'):
+		return rhssize(node.expr)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Expression':
+		return rhssize(node.wrapped)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Marked':
+		return rhssize(node.data)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Plus','Star','Optional'):
+		return rhssize(node.data)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Terminal','Nonterminal','Value'):
+		return 1
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Epsilon','Any','Empty'):
+		return 0
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Choice','Sequence'):
+		return sum(map(rhssize,node.data))
+	else:
+		print 'How to deal with',node.__class__.__name__,'?'
+		return 0
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+	if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+		print 'This tool calculates an AVS metric for any given BGF grammar.'
+		print 'Usage:'
+		print '      '+sys.argv[0]+' <bgf-input>'
+		sys.exit(1)
+	bgf = BGF.Grammar()
+	bgf.parse(sys.argv[1])
+	#print 'AVS =',rhssize(bgf)
+	print '%.2f' % rhssize(bgf)
+	sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/hal.py b/topics/investigation/complexity/hal.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d96dae02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/hal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import sys
+import math
+sys.path.append('../../../shared/python')
+import BGF
+sys.path.append('../size')
+import var
+import term
+
+def values(g):
+	# returns the number of values used in the grammar
+	vals = []
+	for v in g.getXml().findall('.//value'):
+		if v.text not in vals:
+			vals.append(v.text)
+	return vals
+
+def labels(g):
+	# returns the number of production labels used in the grammar
+	labs = []
+	for v in g.prods:
+		if v.label and v.label not in labs:
+			labs.append(v.label)
+	return labs
+
+def selectors(g):
+	# returns the number of expression selectors used in the grammar
+	sels = []
+	for v in g.getXml().findall('.//selectable'):
+		if v.findtext('selector') not in sels:
+			sels.append(v.findtext('selector'))
+	return sels
+
+def opr(node):
+	# number of occurrences of operators
+	if node.__class__.__name__ == 'Grammar':
+		return sum(map(opr,node.prods))
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Production':
+		return opr(node.expr)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Selectable':
+		return 1+opr(node.expr)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Expression':
+		return opr(node.wrapped)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Marked':
+		return 1+opr(node.data)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Plus','Star','Optional'):
+		return 1+opr(node.data)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Terminal','Nonterminal','Value'):
+		return 0
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Epsilon','Any','Empty'):
+		return 1
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Choice','Sequence'):
+		return sum(map(opr,node.data))
+	else:
+		print 'How to deal with',node.__class__.__name__,'?'
+		return 0
+		
+def opd(node):
+	# number of occurrences of operands
+	if node.__class__.__name__ == 'Grammar':
+		return sum(map(opd,node.prods))
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Production':
+		if node.label:
+			return 2+opd(node.expr)
+		else:
+			return 1+opd(node.expr)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Selectable':
+		return 1+opd(node.expr)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Expression':
+		return opd(node.wrapped)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Marked':
+		return opd(node.data)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Plus','Star','Optional'):
+		return opd(node.data)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Terminal','Nonterminal','Value'):
+		return 1
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Epsilon','Any','Empty'):
+		return 0
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Choice','Sequence'):
+		return sum(map(opd,node.data))
+	else:
+		print 'How to deal with',node.__class__.__name__,'?'
+		return 0
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+	if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+		print 'This tool calculates a HAL metric for any given BGF grammar.'
+		print 'Usage:'
+		print '      '+sys.argv[0]+' <bgf-input>'
+		sys.exit(1)
+	bgf = BGF.Grammar()
+	bgf.parse(sys.argv[1])
+	
+	# Selectable, Marked, Plus, Star, Optional, Epsilon, Empty, Any, Choice, Sequence
+	mu1 = 10
+	mu2 = len(var.var(bgf)) + len(term.term(bgf)) + len(values(bgf)) + len(labels(bgf)) + len(selectors(bgf))
+	eta1 = opr(bgf)
+	eta2 = opd(bgf)
+	hal = (mu1*eta2*(eta1+eta2)*math.log(mu1+mu2,2)) / (2*mu2)
+	#print 'µ₁ =',mu1,', µ₂ =',mu2,', η₁ =',eta1,', η₂ =',eta2
+	#print 'HAL =',hal
+	print '%.2f' % hal
+	sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/mcc.py b/topics/investigation/complexity/mcc.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..cf6cea69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/mcc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import sys
+sys.path.append('../../../shared/python')
+import BGF
+
+def mccabe(node):
+	if node.__class__.__name__ == 'Grammar':
+		return sum(map(mccabe,node.prods))
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Production','Selectable'):
+		return mccabe(node.expr)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Expression':
+		return mccabe(node.wrapped)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Marked':
+		return mccabe(node.data)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Plus','Star','Optional'):
+		return 1+mccabe(node.data)
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ in ('Terminal','Nonterminal','Epsilon','Any','Empty','Value'):
+		return 0
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Choice':
+		return len(node.data)-1 + max(map(mccabe,node.data))
+	elif node.__class__.__name__ == 'Sequence':
+		return sum(map(mccabe,node.data))
+	else:
+		print 'How to deal with',node.__class__.__name__,'?'
+		return 0
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+	if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+		print 'This tool calculates an MCC metric for any given BGF grammar.'
+		print 'Usage:'
+		print '      '+sys.argv[0]+' <bgf-input>'
+		sys.exit(1)
+	bgf = BGF.Grammar()
+	bgf.parse(sys.argv[1])
+	#print 'MCC =',mccabe(bgf)
+	print mccabe(bgf)
+	sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/testperform b/topics/investigation/complexity/testperform
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..5d61f2bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/testperform
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+echo [Test Case] `basename $1`
+./mcc.py $1 > $1.out || exit -1
+./avs.py $1 >> $1.out || exit -1
+./hal.py $1 >> $1.out || exit -1
+diff $1.out $1.baseline || exit -1
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/antlr.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/antlr.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a8346931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/antlr.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+11
+2.55
+1810.64
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/dcg.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/dcg.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5913f8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/dcg.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+5
+3.12
+2211.75
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/ecore.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/ecore.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..448d65b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/ecore.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+9
+2.17
+4570.24
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/ecore2.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/ecore2.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49471199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/ecore2.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+9
+2.11
+3139.12
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/fl_ldf.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/fl_ldf.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..472756d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/fl_ldf.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+3
+1.40
+360.00
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/impl1.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/impl1.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99b87561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/impl1.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+45
+4.07
+132357.97
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/impl2.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/impl2.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f38155d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/impl2.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+73
+4.47
+80315.75
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/impl3.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/impl3.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7fa6c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/impl3.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+130
+4.48
+132603.43
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/jaxb.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/jaxb.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b41a4620
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/jaxb.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+9
+1.45
+3056.21
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/ldf.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/ldf.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..472756d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/ldf.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+3
+1.40
+360.00
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/om.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/om.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8a0fa97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/om.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+9
+1.60
+2992.59
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/read1.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/read1.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f303e901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/read1.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+45
+3.96
+148307.20
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/read2.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/read2.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f83d373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/read2.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+58
+4.22
+176882.01
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/read3.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/read3.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1745a238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/read3.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+92
+4.28
+258577.76
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/sdf.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/sdf.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..754bf520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/sdf.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+4
+3.57
+2238.48
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/txl.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/txl.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73d048b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/txl.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+10
+3.57
+1363.13
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/xml.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/xml.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a99bb91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/xml.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+9
+2.00
+3270.97
diff --git a/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/xsd.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/xsd.bgf.baseline
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a99bb91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/complexity/tests/xsd.bgf.baseline
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+9
+2.00
+3270.97
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/bottom.py b/topics/investigation/size/bottom.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..442fe726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/bottom.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import sys
+sys.path.append('../../../shared/python')
+import BGF
+import defined
+import used
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+	if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+		print 'This tool calculates a BOTTOM metric for any given BGF grammar.'
+		print 'Usage:'
+		print '      '+sys.argv[0]+' <bgf-input>'
+		sys.exit(1)
+	bgf = BGF.Grammar()
+	bgf.parse(sys.argv[1])
+	bottoms = []
+	definednts = defined.defined(bgf)
+	for nt in used.used(bgf):
+		if nt not in definednts:
+			bottoms.append(nt)
+	#print 'BOTTOM =',len(bottoms)
+	print len(bottoms)
+	sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/defined.py b/topics/investigation/size/defined.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6b805213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/defined.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import sys
+sys.path.append('../../../shared/python')
+import BGF
+
+def defined(g):
+	nts = []
+	for p in g.prods:
+		if p.nt not in nts:
+			nts.append(p.nt)
+	return nts
+	
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+	if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+		print 'This tool calculates a DEFINED metric for any given BGF grammar.'
+		print 'Usage:'
+		print '      '+sys.argv[0]+' <bgf-input>'
+		sys.exit(1)
+	bgf = BGF.Grammar()
+	bgf.parse(sys.argv[1])
+	#print 'DEFINED =',len(defined(bgf))
+	print len(defined(bgf))
+	sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/term.py b/topics/investigation/size/term.py
index 5c018b7c..776aa979 100755
--- a/topics/investigation/size/term.py
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/term.py
@@ -4,6 +4,14 @@
 sys.path.append('../../../shared/python')
 import BGF
 
+def term(g):
+	ts = []
+	for p in g.prods:
+		for n in p.expr.wrapped.getXml().findall('.//terminal'):
+			if n.text not in ts:
+				ts.append(n.text)
+	return ts
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
 	if len(sys.argv) != 2:
 		print 'This tool calculates a TERM metric for any given BGF grammar.'
@@ -12,11 +20,6 @@
 		sys.exit(1)
 	bgf = BGF.Grammar()
 	bgf.parse(sys.argv[1])
-	term = []
-	for p in bgf.prods:
-		for n in p.expr.wrapped.getXml().findall('.//terminal'):
-			if n.text not in term:
-				term.append(n.text)
 	#print 'TERM =',len(term)
-	print len(term)
+	print len(term(bgf))
 	sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/testperform b/topics/investigation/size/testperform
index 32015229..c506488e 100755
--- a/topics/investigation/size/testperform
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/testperform
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 echo [Test Case] `basename $1`
+./term.py $1 >> $1.out || exit -1
+./var.py $1 >> $1.out || exit -1
+./top.py $1 >> $1.out || exit -1
+./bottom.py $1 >> $1.out || exit -1
 ./prod.py $1 > $1.out || exit -1
 ./bprod.py $1 >> $1.out || exit -1
-./var.py $1 >> $1.out || exit -1
-./term.py $1 >> $1.out || exit -1
 diff $1.out $1.baseline || exit -1
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/antlr.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/antlr.bgf.baseline
index bb7b1d79..bdf281c4 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/antlr.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/antlr.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 14
 8
-11
-9
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/dcg.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/dcg.bgf.baseline
index d3e138f9..47e32061 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/dcg.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/dcg.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 11
 11
-8
-9
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/ecore.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/ecore.bgf.baseline
index 0215344c..afc8341c 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/ecore.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/ecore.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 18
 12
-12
-0
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/ecore2.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/ecore2.bgf.baseline
index e2402886..3cf64aa1 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/ecore2.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/ecore2.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 15
 9
-9
-0
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/fl_ldf.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/fl_ldf.bgf.baseline
index 37964881..51993f07 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/fl_ldf.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/fl_ldf.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 2
 2
-5
-1
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl1.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl1.bgf.baseline
index 06fad415..4c3f501d 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl1.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl1.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 282
 282
-142
-91
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl2.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl2.bgf.baseline
index 0959fd24..972dde54 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl2.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl2.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 185
 185
-91
-92
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl3.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl3.bgf.baseline
index b9194bf7..87e4258d 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl3.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/impl3.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 245
 245
-126
-96
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/jaxb.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/jaxb.bgf.baseline
index 2c796297..eaa47c94 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/jaxb.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/jaxb.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 17
 11
-11
-0
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/ldf.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/ldf.bgf.baseline
index 37964881..51993f07 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/ldf.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/ldf.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 2
 2
-5
-1
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/om.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/om.bgf.baseline
index aa3b1cbb..8ebdcc76 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/om.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/om.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 16
 10
-10
-0
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/read1.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/read1.bgf.baseline
index 0b1b9f86..1fc73e9a 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/read1.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/read1.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 315
 315
-157
-91
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/read2.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/read2.bgf.baseline
index fbe26159..fc659f0f 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/read2.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/read2.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 346
 346
-162
-93
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/read3.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/read3.bgf.baseline
index ce3c3088..905127e4 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/read3.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/read3.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 435
 435
-211
-97
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/sdf.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/sdf.bgf.baseline
index 302e84d4..47e32061 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/sdf.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/sdf.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 11
 11
-7
-9
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/txl.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/txl.bgf.baseline
index c20bbf89..dfa5ffdc 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/txl.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/txl.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 11
 4
-7
-9
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/xml.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/xml.bgf.baseline
index aa3b1cbb..8ebdcc76 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/xml.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/xml.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 16
 10
-10
-0
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/tests/xsd.bgf.baseline b/topics/investigation/size/tests/xsd.bgf.baseline
index aa3b1cbb..8ebdcc76 100644
--- a/topics/investigation/size/tests/xsd.bgf.baseline
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/tests/xsd.bgf.baseline
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 16
 10
-10
-0
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/top.py b/topics/investigation/size/top.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..06add700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/top.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import sys
+sys.path.append('../../../shared/python')
+import BGF
+import defined
+import used
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+	if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+		print 'This tool calculates a TOP metric for any given BGF grammar.'
+		print 'Usage:'
+		print '      '+sys.argv[0]+' <bgf-input>'
+		sys.exit(1)
+	bgf = BGF.Grammar()
+	bgf.parse(sys.argv[1])
+	tops = []
+	usednts = used.used(bgf)
+	for nt in defined.defined(bgf):
+		if nt not in usednts:
+			tops.append(nt)
+	#print 'TOP =',len(tops)
+	print len(tops)
+	sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/used.py b/topics/investigation/size/used.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..46eafe08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/used.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import sys
+sys.path.append('../../../shared/python')
+import BGF
+
+def used(g):
+	nts = []
+	for p in g.prods:
+		for n in p.expr.wrapped.getXml().findall('.//nonterminal'):
+			if n.text not in nts:
+				nts.append(n.text)
+	return nts
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+	if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+		print 'This tool calculates a USED metric for any given BGF grammar.'
+		print 'Usage:'
+		print '      '+sys.argv[0]+' <bgf-input>'
+		sys.exit(1)
+	bgf = BGF.Grammar()
+	bgf.parse(sys.argv[1])
+	#print 'USED =',len(used(bgf))
+	print len(used(bgf))
+	sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/topics/investigation/size/var.py b/topics/investigation/size/var.py
index 07d6960b..b33a7c1c 100755
--- a/topics/investigation/size/var.py
+++ b/topics/investigation/size/var.py
@@ -4,6 +4,16 @@
 sys.path.append('../../../shared/python')
 import BGF
 
+def var(g):
+	nts = []
+	for p in g.prods:
+		if p.nt not in nts:
+			nts.append(p.nt)
+		for n in p.expr.wrapped.getXml().findall('.//nonterminal'):
+			if n.text not in nts:
+				nts.append(n.text)
+	return nts
+	
 if __name__ == "__main__":
 	if len(sys.argv) != 2:
 		print 'This tool calculates a VAR metric for any given BGF grammar.'
@@ -12,13 +22,6 @@
 		sys.exit(1)
 	bgf = BGF.Grammar()
 	bgf.parse(sys.argv[1])
-	var = []
-	for p in bgf.prods:
-		if p.nt not in var:
-			var.append(p.nt)
-		for n in p.expr.wrapped.getXml().findall('.//nonterminal'):
-			if n.text not in var:
-				var.append(n.text)
 	#print 'VAR =',len(var)
-	print len(var)
+	print len(var(bgf))
 	sys.exit(0)