diff --git a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/Makefile b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/Makefile
index 7a70f96c..8280f87a 100644
--- a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/Makefile
+++ b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/Makefile
@@ -1,25 +1,24 @@
 validator = ../../../shared/tools/checkxml
+xldf = ../../../shared/tools/xldf
+xbgf = ../../../shared/tools/xbgf
 
-build: bgf_pretty.bgf xbgf.ldf
-	python ../../../topics/transformation/xldf/xldf.py xldf/completeIntro.xldf xbgf.ldf xbgf1.ldf
-	python ../../../topics/transformation/xldf/xldf.py xldf/completeFoldSection.xldf xbgf1.ldf xbgf2.ldf
-	python ../../../topics/transformation/xldf/xldf.py xldf/completeRefSection.xldf xbgf2.ldf xbgf3.ldf
-	python ../../../topics/transformation/xldf/xldf.py xldf/completeIncSection.xldf xbgf3.ldf xbgf4.ldf
-	python ../../../topics/transformation/xldf/xldf.py xldf/completeDecSection.xldf xbgf4.ldf xbgf5.ldf
-	python ../../../topics/transformation/xldf/xldf.py xldf/completeRevSections.xldf xbgf5.ldf xbgf6.ldf
-	python ../../../topics/transformation/xldf/xldf.py xldf/completeDecorSection.xldf xbgf6.ldf xbgf7.ldf
+build: xbgf.ldf
+	${xldf} xldf/completeIntro.xldf xbgf.ldf xbgf1.ldf
+	${xldf} xldf/completeFoldSection.xldf xbgf1.ldf xbgf2.ldf
+	${xldf} xldf/completeRefSection.xldf xbgf2.ldf xbgf3.ldf
+	${xldf} xldf/completeIncSection.xldf xbgf3.ldf xbgf4.ldf
+	${xldf} xldf/completeDecSection.xldf xbgf4.ldf xbgf5.ldf
+	${xldf} xldf/completeRevSections.xldf xbgf5.ldf xbgf6.ldf
+	${xldf} xldf/completeDecorSection.xldf xbgf6.ldf xbgf7.ldf
 	xsltproc ../../../shared/xsl/ldf2tex.xslt xbgf7.ldf > xbgf.tex
 	pdflatex -interaction=batchmode xbgf
 	pdflatex -interaction=batchmode xbgf
 
-bgf_pretty.bgf:
-	../../../shared/tools/xsd2bgf ../../../shared/xsd/bgf.xsd bgf.bgf
-	../../../shared/tools/xbgf beautify_bgf.xbgf bgf.bgf bgf_pretty.bgf
-
-xbgf.ldf:
+xbgf.ldf: 
 	../../../shared/tools/xsd2bgf ../../../shared/xsd/xbgf.xsd xbgf.bgf
-	../../../shared/tools/xbgf beautify_xbgf.xbgf xbgf.bgf xbgf_1.bgf
-	../../../topics/extraction/xsd2ldf/ldfgen.py ../../../shared/xsd/xbgf.xsd xbgf_1.bgf xbgf.ldf
+	${xbgf} beautify_bgf.xbgf xbgf.bgf xbgf_1.bgf
+	${xbgf} beautify_xbgf.xbgf xbgf_1.bgf xbgf_2.bgf
+	../../../topics/extraction/xsd2ldf/ldfgen.py ../../../shared/xsd/xbgf.xsd xbgf_2.bgf xbgf.ldf
 
 rebuild:
 	make clean
diff --git a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/beautify_bgf.xbgf b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/beautify_bgf.xbgf
index 6a17c137..7190c7ec 100644
--- a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/beautify_bgf.xbgf
+++ b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/beautify_bgf.xbgf
@@ -70,19 +70,14 @@
       </bgf:expression>
     </bgf:production>
   </xbgf:anonymize>
-  
+
   <xbgf:vertical>
     <nonterminal>expression</nonterminal>
   </xbgf:vertical>
-  <xbgf:unlabel>
-    <label>value</label>
-  </xbgf:unlabel>
-  <xbgf:unlabel>
-    <label>terminal</label>
-  </xbgf:unlabel>
-  <xbgf:unlabel>
-    <label>nonterminal</label>
-  </xbgf:unlabel>
+  <xbgf:vertical>
+    <nonterminal>value</nonterminal>
+  </xbgf:vertical>
+ 
   <xbgf:anonymize>
     <bgf:production>
       <label>selectable</label>
@@ -108,11 +103,5 @@
       </bgf:expression>
     </bgf:production>
   </xbgf:anonymize>
-  <xbgf:horizontal>expression</xbgf:horizontal>
   
-  <xbgf:undefine>label</xbgf:undefine>
-  <xbgf:undefine>nonterminal</xbgf:undefine>
-  <xbgf:undefine>terminal</xbgf:undefine>
-  <xbgf:undefine>selector</xbgf:undefine>
-
 </xbgf:sequence>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/beautify_xbgf.xbgf b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/beautify_xbgf.xbgf
index 7dc64429..cb4adf81 100644
--- a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/beautify_xbgf.xbgf
+++ b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/beautify_xbgf.xbgf
@@ -233,59 +233,8 @@
     </bgf:production>
   </xbgf:anonymize>
 
-  <xbgf:anonymize>
-    <bgf:production>
-      <nonterminal>scope</nonterminal>
-      <bgf:expression>
-        <choice>
-          <bgf:expression>
-            <marked>
-              <bgf:expression>
-                <selectable>
-                  <selector>label</selector>
-                  <bgf:expression>
-                    <nonterminal>label</nonterminal>
-                  </bgf:expression>
-                </selectable>
-              </bgf:expression>
-            </marked>
-          </bgf:expression>
-          <bgf:expression>
-            <selectable>
-              <selector>nonterminal</selector>
-              <bgf:expression>
-                <nonterminal>nonterminal</nonterminal>
-              </bgf:expression>
-            </selectable>
-          </bgf:expression>
-        </choice>
-      </bgf:expression>
-    </bgf:production>
-  </xbgf:anonymize>
-
-  <xbgf:anonymize>
-    <bgf:production>
-      <nonterminal>scope</nonterminal>
-      <bgf:expression>
-        <choice>
-          <bgf:expression>
-            <nonterminal>label</nonterminal>
-          </bgf:expression>
-          <bgf:expression>
-            <marked>
-              <bgf:expression>
-                <selectable>
-                  <selector>nonterminal</selector>
-                  <bgf:expression>
-                    <nonterminal>nonterminal</nonterminal>
-                  </bgf:expression>
-                </selectable>
-              </bgf:expression>
-            </marked>
-          </bgf:expression>
-        </choice>
-      </bgf:expression>
-    </bgf:production>
-  </xbgf:anonymize>
+  <xbgf:vertical>
+    <nonterminal>scope</nonterminal>
+  </xbgf:vertical>
 
 </xbgf:sequence>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeFoldSection.xldf b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeFoldSection.xldf
index 31cb75e5..6ca46a91 100644
--- a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeFoldSection.xldf
+++ b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeFoldSection.xldf
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
     <example id="extract-example">
       <content>
         <text>
-          <ldf:keyword>Extract</ldf:keyword> also works vertically. Given the input:
+          Extraction also works vertically. Given the input:
         </text>
       </content>
     </example>
diff --git a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeIntro.xldf b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeIntro.xldf
index 67d56160..691a8423 100644
--- a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeIntro.xldf
+++ b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeIntro.xldf
@@ -71,18 +71,43 @@
       <content>
         <text>
           BGF is a BNF-like Grammar Format, an XML dialect of Extended Backus Naur Form
-          that was used in the language convergence infrastructure. Its grammar is presented
+          that was used in the language convergence infrastructure. The grammar of
+          its abstract syntax, generated from the corresponding XML Schema, is presented
           below in a slightly beautified form (all undefined nonterminals are strings):
         </text>
       </content>
     </notation>
   </xldf:add-subsection>
 
-  <xldf:import-grammar>
-    <target>notation-section</target>
-    <file>bgf_pretty.bgf</file>
-  </xldf:import-grammar>
-
+  <xldf:combine>
+    <section>element-grammar</section>
+    <with>notation-section</with>
+  </xldf:combine>  
+  <xldf:combine>
+    <section>element-production</section>
+    <with>notation-section</with>
+  </xldf:combine>  
+  <xldf:combine>
+    <section>element-expression</section>
+    <with>notation-section</with>
+  </xldf:combine>
+  <xldf:combine>
+    <section>simpleType-value</section>
+    <with>notation-section</with>
+  </xldf:combine>
+  <xldf:drop>
+    <section>simpleType-label</section>
+  </xldf:drop>
+  <xldf:drop>
+    <section>simpleType-nonterminal</section>
+  </xldf:drop>
+  <xldf:drop>
+    <section>simpleType-selector</section>
+  </xldf:drop>
+  <xldf:drop>
+    <section>simpleType-terminal</section>
+  </xldf:drop>
+  
   <xldf:append>
     <where>notation-section</where>
     <content>
@@ -146,7 +171,9 @@
         its semantics only means that we do not want to have empty samples
         while an empty grammar is still acceptable in general. Since this is
         data refinement, a semantic decreasing transformation is used without
-        hesitation. The rest of the transformational sequence is trivial refactorings.
+        hesitation. The rest of the transformational sequence are
+        trivial refactorings (verticalisations are already performed in the
+        example from the previous section).
       </text>
       <text>
         The BNF source undergoes the following transformation for stripping
diff --git a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeRefSection.xldf b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeRefSection.xldf
index f134f46f..1ee79486 100644
--- a/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeRefSection.xldf
+++ b/topics/languedoc/xbgf/xldf/completeRefSection.xldf
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       <table>
         <header>
           <cell>
-            <empty/>
+            <formula>|</formula>
           </cell>
           <cell>
             <formula>\varepsilon</formula>
@@ -149,22 +149,22 @@
         </row>
       </table>
       <text>
-        Second, a composion of two EBNF modifers can be massaged to one modifier according
+        Second, a composition of two EBNF modifers can be massaged to one modifier according
         to the table below:
       </text>
       <table>
         <header>
           <cell>
-            <empty/>
+            <formula>y</formula>
           </cell>
           <cell>
-            <formula>x?</formula>
+            <formula>y?</formula>
           </cell>
           <cell>
-            <formula>x^+</formula>
+            <formula>y^+</formula>
           </cell>
           <cell>
-            <formula>x^\star</formula>
+            <formula>y^\star</formula>
           </cell>
         </header>
         <row>