diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
index d10c957..6c0c51f 100755
--- a/TODO
+++ b/TODO
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-・ユーザー登録処理を実装する
-・テストツールを検討する→RSpec
+・ユーザー登録処理をBDDで実装する
+・autoloadを書かなくても良いようにする
 ・ビューのLayout対応
 ・開発中／運用中フラグの導入
diff --git a/lib/pinto.rb b/lib/pinto.rb
index dcd18df..0907e98 100755
--- a/lib/pinto.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ module Pinto
   autoload :Config,     'pinto/config'
   autoload :Dispatcher, 'pinto/dispatcher'
   autoload :Language,   'pinto/language'
-  autoload :OpenID,     'pinto/openid'
+  autoload :OpenID,     'pinto/open_id'
   autoload :Request,    'pinto/request'
   autoload :Translate,  'pinto/translate'
   autoload :View,       'pinto/view'
@@ -66,6 +66,23 @@ module Model
     autoload :User,              'pinto/model/user'
   end
 
+  module Type
+    autoload :ClaimedID,      'pinto/type/claimed_id'
+    autoload :ConfigKey,      'pinto/type/config_key'
+    autoload :ControllerName, 'pinto/type/controller_name'
+    autoload :EscapeChars,    'pinto/type/escape_chars'
+    autoload :ErrorMessage,   'pinto/type/error_message'
+    autoload :HttpStatusCode, 'pinto/type/http_status_code'
+    autoload :Language,       'pinto/type/language'
+    autoload :QueryStrings,   'pinto/type/query_strings'
+    autoload :URI,            'pinto/type/uri'
+    autoload :UriMap,         'pinto/type/uri_map'
+    autoload :UserName,       'pinto/type/user_name'
+    autoload :UserSuppliedID, 'pinto/type/user_supplied_id'
+    autoload :ViewName,       'pinto/type/view_name'
+    autoload :ViewParam,      'pinto/type/view_param'
+  end
+
   module URI
     autoload :ExpandProcessor,  'pinto/uri/expand_processor'
     autoload :ExtractProcessor, 'pinto/uri/extract_processor'
diff --git a/lib/pinto/config.rb b/lib/pinto/config.rb
index ea57117..06f78de 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/config.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/config.rb
@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@
 
 module Pinto
   class Config
-    def self.load(key = nil)
+    def self.load(key)
+      unless key.is_a? Pinto::Type::ConfigKey
+        raise ArgumentError.new('key must be Pinto::Type::ConfigKey')
+      end
+
       config = YAML.load_file('config/main.yml')
-      return config[key] unless key.nil?
-      return config
+      return config[key.to_s]
     end
 
     def self.db
diff --git a/lib/pinto/controller/index.rb b/lib/pinto/controller/index.rb
index 5de437e..b273e6c 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/controller/index.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/controller/index.rb
@@ -6,18 +6,25 @@ class Index
       include Pinto::Controller::Private::Base
 
       def get_action(request)
-        request_lang = request.uri_map['lang']
+        unless request.is_a? Pinto::Request
+          raise ArgumentError.new('request must be Pinto::Request')
+        end
+
+        request_lang = request.get_uri_map.to_hash['lang']
         if request_lang.empty?
           return Pinto::Controller::Private::Multiple.run(request)
         end
 
-        other_languages = Pinto::Language.get_other(request_lang)
+        base_lang = Pinto::Type::Language.new(request_lang)
+        other_languages = Pinto::Language.get_other(base_lang)
         param = {
           :lang        => request_lang,
           :other_langs => other_languages
         }
 
-        response_body = Pinto::View.render('index', param)
+        view_name  = Pinto::Type::ViewName.new('index')
+        view_param = Pinto::Type::ViewParam.new(param)
+        response_body = Pinto::View.render(view_name, view_param)
 
         platonic_uri = Pinto::Helper::URI.uri('index')
 
diff --git a/lib/pinto/controller/private/base.rb b/lib/pinto/controller/private/base.rb
index 864c854..f7b64f4 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/controller/private/base.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/controller/private/base.rb
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ module Controller
     module Private
       module Base
         def run(request)
+          unless request.is_a? Pinto::Request
+            raise ArgumentError.new('request must be Pinto::Request')
+          end
+
           if request.get? || request.head?
             method = 'get_action'
           elsif request.post?
@@ -21,14 +25,22 @@ def run(request)
             return self.method(method).call(request)
           end
 
-          translator = Pinto::Translate.new(request.uri_map['lang'])
+          http_status_code = Pinto::Type::HttpStatusCode.new(405)
+          translator = Pinto::Translate.new(request.get_uri_map['lang'])
           message = translator._(
             'Requested HTTP method is invalid for this resource'
           )
-          return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(request, 405, message)
+          message = Pinto::Type::ErrorMessage.new(message)
+          return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(
+            request, http_status_code, message
+          )
         end
 
         def options_action(request)
+          unless request.is_a? Pinto::Request
+            raise ArgumentError.new('request must be Pinto::Request')
+          end
+
           allowed_methods = []
           if self.methods.include? 'get_action'
             allowed_methods.push('GET')
diff --git a/lib/pinto/controller/private/error.rb b/lib/pinto/controller/private/error.rb
index 6fe0a2b..fda74dd 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/controller/private/error.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/controller/private/error.rb
@@ -4,11 +4,21 @@ module Pinto
   module Controller
     module Private
       class Error
-        def self.run(request, code, message = '')
+        def self.run(request, code, message = Pinto::Type::ErrorMessage.new(''))
+          unless request.is_a? Pinto::Request
+            raise ArgumentError.new('request must be Pinto::Request')
+          end
+          unless code.is_a? Pinto::Type::HttpStatusCode
+            raise ArgumentError.new('code must be Pinto::Type::HttpStatusCode')
+          end
+          unless message.is_a? Pinto::Type::ErrorMessage
+            raise ArgumentError.new('message must be Pinto::Type::ErrorMessage')
+          end
+
           return [
-            code,
+            code.to_i,
             {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'},
-            [message]
+            [message.to_s]
           ]
         end
       end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/controller/private/multiple.rb b/lib/pinto/controller/private/multiple.rb
index 5cb0667..3ab2af4 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/controller/private/multiple.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/controller/private/multiple.rb
@@ -5,17 +5,23 @@ module Controller
     module Private
       class Multiple
         def self.run(request)
+          unless request.is_a? Pinto::Request
+            raise ArgumentError.new('request must be Pinto::Request')
+          end
+
           languages = Pinto::Language.list
-          uri_map = request.uri_map
+          uri_map = request.get_uri_map.to_hash
           uri_map.delete('lang')
 
           param = {
-            :controller => request.controller,
+            :controller => request.get_controller_name.to_s,
             :languages  => languages,
             :uri_map    => uri_map
           }
 
-          response_body = Pinto::View.render('multiple', param)
+          view_name  = Pinto::Type::ViewName.new('multiple')
+          view_param = Pinto::Type::ViewParam.new(param)
+          response_body = Pinto::View.render(view_name, view_param)
 
           return [
             300,
diff --git a/lib/pinto/controller/signup_account.rb b/lib/pinto/controller/signup_account.rb
index 432c546..beb9f06 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/controller/signup_account.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/controller/signup_account.rb
@@ -6,29 +6,53 @@ class SignupAccount
       include Pinto::Controller::Private::Base
 
       def get_action(request)
-        request_lang = request.uri_map['lang']
+        unless request.is_a? Pinto::Request
+          raise ArgumentError.new('request must be Pinto::Request')
+        end
+
+        request_lang = request.get_uri_map.to_hash['lang']
         if request_lang.empty?
-          translator = Pinto::Translate.new(request_lang)
+          http_status_code = Pinto::Type::HttpStatusCode.new(400)
+          translator = Pinto::Translate.new(
+            Pinto::Type::Language.new(request_lang)
+          )
           message = translator._('URI contains no valid language')
-          return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(request, 400, message)
+          message = Pinto::Type::ErrorMessage.new(message)
+          return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(
+            request, http_status_code, message
+          )
         end
 
-        claimed_id = Pinto::OpenID.complete(request.GET, request.url)
+        query_strings = Pinto::Type::QueryStrings.new(request.GET)
+        current_uri   = Pinto::Type::URI.new(request.url)
+        claimed_id = Pinto::OpenID.complete(query_strings, current_uri)
         if claimed_id.nil?
-          translator = Pinto::Translate.new(request_lang)
+          http_status_code = Pinto::Type::HttpStatusCode.new(400)
+          translator = Pinto::Translate.new(
+            Pinto::Type::Language.new(request_lang)
+          )
           message = translator._('OpenID authentication failed')
-          return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(request, 400, message)
+          message = Pinto::Type::ErrorMessage.new(message)
+          return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(
+            request, http_status_code, message
+          )
         end
 
-        Pinto::Model::SignupReservation.add(claimed_id)
+        Pinto::Model::SignupReservation.add(
+          Pinto::Type::ClaimedID.new(claimed_id)
+        )
 
-        other_languages = Pinto::Language.get_other(request_lang)
+        base_lang = Pinto::Type::Language.new(request_lang)
+        other_languages = Pinto::Language.get_other(base_lang)
         param = {
           :lang       => request_lang,
-          :claimed_id => claimed_id
+          :claimed_id => claimed_id,
+          :user_name  => ''
         }
 
-        response_body = Pinto::View.render('signup_account', param)
+        view_name  = Pinto::Type::ViewName.new('signup_account')
+        view_param = Pinto::Type::ViewParam.new(param)
+        response_body = Pinto::View.render(view_name, view_param)
 
         return [
           200,
diff --git a/lib/pinto/controller/signup_auth.rb b/lib/pinto/controller/signup_auth.rb
index 682cd00..0ccb9c5 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/controller/signup_auth.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/controller/signup_auth.rb
@@ -6,23 +6,38 @@ class SignupAuth
       include Pinto::Controller::Private::Base
 
       def get_action(request)
-        request_lang = request.uri_map['lang']
+        unless request.is_a? Pinto::Request
+          raise ArgumentError.new('request must be Pinto::Request')
+        end
+
+        request_lang = request.get_uri_map.to_hash['lang']
         openid = request.GET['openid']
 
-        providers = Pinto::Config.load('openid_providers')
+        config_key = Pinto::Type::ConfigKey.new('openid_providers')
+        providers = Pinto::Config.load(config_key)
         unless providers.include? openid
+          http_status_code = Pinto::Type::HttpStatusCode.new(400)
           translator = Pinto::Translate.new(request_lang)
           message = translator._('Requested OpenID provider is not permitted')
-          return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(request, 400, message)
+          message = Pinto::Type::ErrorMessage.new(message)
+          return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(
+            request, http_status_code, message
+          )
         end
 
         if request_lang.empty?
+          http_status_code = Pinto::Type::HttpStatusCode.new(400)
           translator = Pinto::Translate.new(request_lang)
           message = translator._('URI contains no valid language')
-          return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(request, 400, message)
+          message = Pinto::Type::ErrorMessage.new(message)
+          return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(
+            request, http_status_code, message
+          )
         end
 
-        redirect_uri = Pinto::OpenID::begin(openid, request_lang)
+        user_supplied_id = Pinto::Type::UserSuppliedID.new(openid)
+        lang = Pinto::Type::Language.new(request_lang)
+        redirect_uri = Pinto::OpenID.begin(user_supplied_id, lang)
 
         return [
           303,
diff --git a/lib/pinto/controller/signup_openid.rb b/lib/pinto/controller/signup_openid.rb
index d67f4d1..346e6ac 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/controller/signup_openid.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/controller/signup_openid.rb
@@ -6,13 +6,20 @@ class SignupOpenid
       include Pinto::Controller::Private::Base
 
       def get_action(request)
-        request_lang = request.uri_map['lang']
+        unless request.is_a? Pinto::Request
+          raise ArgumentError.new('request must be Pinto::Request')
+        end
+
+        request_lang = request.get_uri_map.to_hash['lang']
         if request_lang.empty?
           return Pinto::Controller::Private::Multiple.run(request)
         end
 
-        other_languages = Pinto::Language.get_other(request_lang)
-        providers       = Pinto::Config.load('openid_providers')
+        base_lang = Pinto::Type::Language.new(request_lang)
+        other_languages = Pinto::Language.get_other(base_lang)
+
+        config_key = Pinto::Type::ConfigKey.new('openid_providers')
+        providers = Pinto::Config.load(config_key)
 
         param = {
           :lang        => request_lang,
@@ -20,7 +27,9 @@ def get_action(request)
           :providers   => providers
         }
 
-        response_body = Pinto::View.render('signup_openid', param)
+        view_name  = Pinto::Type::ViewName.new('signup_openid')
+        view_param = Pinto::Type::ViewParam.new(param)
+        response_body = Pinto::View.render(view_name, view_param)
 
         platonic_uri = Pinto::Helper::URI.uri('signup_openid')
 
diff --git a/lib/pinto/controller/users.rb b/lib/pinto/controller/users.rb
index e47f2d0..e3ff5a1 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/controller/users.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/controller/users.rb
@@ -6,21 +6,30 @@ class Users
       include Pinto::Controller::Private::Base
 
       def post_action(request)
-        request_lang = request.uri_map['lang']
+        unless request.is_a? Pinto::Request
+          raise ArgumentError.new('request must be Pinto::Request')
+        end
+
+        request_lang = request.get_uri_map.to_hash['lang']
         user_name    = request.POST['user_name']
         claimed_id   = request.POST['claimed_id']
 
+=begin
         begin
-          Pinto::Model::User.add(user_name, claimed_id, request_lang)
+          Pinto::Model::User.add(user_name, claimed_id)
         rescue => e
-          other_languages = Pinto::Language.get_other(request_lang)
+          base_lang = Pinto::Type::Language.new(request_lang)
+          other_languages = Pinto::Language.get_other(base_lang)
           param = {
             :lang          => request_lang,
             :user_name     => user_name,
             :claimed_id    => claimed_id,
             :error_message => e.message
           }
-          response_body = Pinto::View.render('signup_account', param)
+
+          view_name  = Pinto::Type::ViewName.new('signup_account')
+          view_param = Pinto::Type::ViewParam.new(param)
+          response_body = Pinto::View.render(view_name, view_param)
 
           return [
             400,
@@ -28,6 +37,7 @@ def post_action(request)
             [response_body]
           ]
         end
+=end
 
         param = {
           'lang'      => request_lang,
diff --git a/lib/pinto/dispatcher.rb b/lib/pinto/dispatcher.rb
index ac6e345..c488236 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/dispatcher.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/dispatcher.rb
@@ -3,31 +3,45 @@
 module Pinto
   class Dispatcher
     def call(env)
+      unless env.is_a? Hash
+        raise ArgumentError.new('env must be Hash')
+      end
+
       request = Pinto::Request.new(env)
       uri = Addressable::URI.parse(request.url)
 
-      Pinto::Config.load('uri_templates').each do |controller, template|
+      config_key = Pinto::Type::ConfigKey.new('uri_templates')
+      Pinto::Config.load(config_key).each do |controller, template|
         uri_map = uri.extract_mapping(template, Pinto::URI::ExtractProcessor)
         unless uri_map.nil?
-          request.controller = controller
-          request.uri_map    = uri_map
+          controller_name = Pinto::Type::ControllerName.new(controller)
+          request.set_controller_name(controller_name)
+
+          uri_map = Pinto::Type::UriMap.new(uri_map)
+          request.set_uri_map(uri_map)
           break
         end
       end
 
-      if request.controller.nil?
-        return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(request, 404)
+      if request.get_controller_name.to_s.empty?
+        http_status_code = Pinto::Type::HttpStatusCode.new(404)
+        return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(request, http_status_code)
       end
 
-      path = Pathname.new("pinto/controller/#{request.controller}")
+      controller_name = request.get_controller_name.to_s
+      path = Pathname.new("pinto/controller/#{controller_name}")
       require path
       return path.get_class.new.run(request)
+
 =begin
     rescue => exception
-      translator = Pinto::Translate.new(request.uri_map['lang'])
-      message = translator._('Server error occurred')
-      message = exception.message
-      return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(request, 500, message)
+      http_status_code = Pinto::Type::HttpStatusCode.new(500)
+      translator = Pinto::Translate.new(request.get_uri_map['lang'])
+#      message = translator._('Server error occurred')
+      message = Pinto::Type::ErrorMessage.new(exception.message)
+      return Pinto::Controller::Private::Error.run(
+        request, http_status_code, message
+      )
 =end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/encoding/utf8.rb b/lib/pinto/encoding/utf8.rb
index d531c60..082b595 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/encoding/utf8.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/encoding/utf8.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ module Pinto
   module Encoding
     class UTF8
       def self.valid?(value)
+        unless value.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('value must be String')
+        end
+
         valid_utf8 = /^(?:
            [\x00-\x7F]                    # U+0000   - U+007F
           |[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]         # U+0080   - U+07FF
@@ -15,7 +19,7 @@ def self.valid?(value)
           |[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}      # U+40000  - U+FFFFF
           |\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}  # U+100000 - U+10FFFF
         )*$/x
-        return !value.to_s.match(valid_utf8).nil?
+        return !value.match(valid_utf8).nil?
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/helper/html.rb b/lib/pinto/helper/html.rb
index 2d15f18..4c35f39 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/helper/html.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/helper/html.rb
@@ -13,16 +13,28 @@ module HTML
       module_function
 
       def escape_for_value(value)
-        escape_chars = ['&', '<', '>']
+        unless value.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('value must be String')
+        end
+
+        escape_chars = Pinto::Type::EscapeChars.new(['&', '<', '>'])
         return eliminate(value, escape_chars)
       end
 
       def escape_for_quote(value)
-        escape_chars = ['&', '<', '>', '"']
+        unless value.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('value must be String')
+        end
+
+        escape_chars = Pinto::Type::EscapeChars.new(['&', '<', '>', '"'])
         return eliminate(value, escape_chars)
       end
 
       def escape_for_tag(value)
+        unless value.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('value must be String')
+        end
+
         return eliminate(value)
       end
 
@@ -30,19 +42,28 @@ def escape_for_tag(value)
       alias in_quote escape_for_quote
       alias has_tag  escape_for_tag
 
-      def eliminate(value, escape_chars = nil)
-        str = value.to_s
-        raise ArgumentError unless Pinto::Encoding::UTF8.valid? str
+      def eliminate(value, escape_chars = Pinto::Type::EscapeChars.new([]))
+        unless value.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('value must be String')
+        end
+        unless escape_chars.is_a? Pinto::Type::EscapeChars
+          raise ArgumentError.new(
+            'escape_chars must be Pinto::Type::EscapeChars'
+          )
+        end
+
+        unless Pinto::Encoding::UTF8.valid? value
+          raise ArgumentError.new('value is not UTF8 string')
+        end
 
         control_codes = /
            [\x00-\x08]|\x0B|\x0C|[\x0E-\x1F]  # C0 control codes
           |\x7F                               # DEL
           |\xC2[\x80-\x9F]                    # C1 control codes
         /ux
-        str.gsub!(control_codes, '')
+        value.gsub!(control_codes, '')
 
-        return str unless escape_chars.is_a? Array
-        return str.gsub(/[#{escape_chars.join}]/) {|s| ESCAPE_TABLE[s]}
+        return value.gsub(/[#{escape_chars.to_a.join}]/) {|s| ESCAPE_TABLE[s]}
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/helper/translate.rb b/lib/pinto/helper/translate.rb
index ca455b7..17dc80e 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/helper/translate.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/helper/translate.rb
@@ -3,15 +3,29 @@
 module Pinto
   module Helper
     module Translate
-      attr_accessor :lang
+      def set_language(language)
+        unless language.is_a? Pinto::Type::Language
+          raise ArgumentError.new('language must be Pinto::Type::Language')
+        end
+
+        @language = language
+      end
+
+      def get_language
+        return @language
+      end
 
       def _(message_id)
-        @lang = 'en' if @lang.nil? || @lang.empty?
+        unless message_id.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('message_id must be String')
+        end
+
+        @language = Pinto::Type::Language.new('en') if @language.nil?
 
         GetText.set_output_charset('UTF-8')
         GetText.bindtextdomain('pinto', {:path => 'locale'})
-        GetText.set_locale(@lang)
-        return GetText._(message_id)
+        GetText.set_locale(@language.to_s)
+        return GetText._(message_id.to_s)
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/helper/uri.rb b/lib/pinto/helper/uri.rb
index 99177c4..0913cd5 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/helper/uri.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/helper/uri.rb
@@ -5,10 +5,19 @@ module Helper
     module URI
       module_function
 
-      def uri(controller, param = {})
-        uri_templates = Pinto::Config.load('uri_templates')
+      def uri(controller_name, param = {})
+        unless controller_name.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('controller_name must be String')
+        end
+        unless param.is_a? Hash
+          raise ArgumentError.new('param must be Hash')
+        end
+
+        config_key = Pinto::Type::ConfigKey.new('uri_templates')
+        uri_templates = Pinto::Config.load(config_key)
+
         return Addressable::URI.expand_template(
-          uri_templates[controller],
+          uri_templates[controller_name],
           param,
           Pinto::URI::ExpandProcessor
         ).to_s
diff --git a/lib/pinto/language.rb b/lib/pinto/language.rb
index ffd0511..e8b2737 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/language.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/language.rb
@@ -2,17 +2,25 @@
 
 module Pinto
   class Language
-    def self.list(display_lang = 'en')
-      translator = Pinto::Translate.new(display_lang)
+    def self.list(lang = Pinto::Type::Language.new('en'))
+      unless lang.is_a? Pinto::Type::Language
+        raise ArgumentError.new('lang must be Pinto::Type::Language')
+      end
+
+      translator = Pinto::Translate.new(lang)
       return [
         {'code' => 'en', 'name' => translator._('English')},
         {'code' => 'ja', 'name' => translator._('Japanese')}
       ]
     end
 
-    def self.get_other(except_lang)
-      return self.list(except_lang).delete_if do |lang|
-        lang['code'] == except_lang
+    def self.get_other(base_lang)
+      unless base_lang.is_a? Pinto::Type::Language
+        raise ArgumentError.new('base_lang must be Pinto::Type::Language')
+      end
+
+      return self.list(base_lang).delete_if do |lang|
+        lang['code'] == base_lang.to_s
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/model/signup_reservation.rb b/lib/pinto/model/signup_reservation.rb
index bf88e6a..06b71d2 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/model/signup_reservation.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/model/signup_reservation.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ module Pinto
   module Model
     class SignupReservation
       def self.add(claimed_id)
+        unless claimed_id.is_a? Pinto::Type::ClaimedID
+          raise ArgumentError.new('claimed_id must be Pinto::Type::ClaimedID')
+        end
+
         db_info = Pinto::Config.db
 
         begin
@@ -12,7 +16,7 @@ def self.add(claimed_id)
           dbh.do('INSERT INTO signup_reservations (claimed_id, reserved_at) ' +
                  'VALUES (?, NOW()) ' +
                  'ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE reserved_at = NOW()',
-                 claimed_id)
+                 claimed_id.to_s)
         ensure
           dbh.disconnect if dbh
         end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/model/user.rb b/lib/pinto/model/user.rb
index 99d52c5..3d6ff0f 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/model/user.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/model/user.rb
@@ -3,9 +3,18 @@
 module Pinto
   module Model
     class User
-      def self.add(user_name, claimed_id, lang)
-        user_name = user_name.to_s
+      def self.add(user_name, claimed_id)
+        unless user_name.is_a? Pinto::Type::UserName
+          raise ArgumentError.new('user_name must be Pinto::Type::UserName')
+        end
+        unless claimed_id.is_a? Pinto::Type::ClaimedID
+          raise ArgumentError.new('claimed_id must be Pinto::Type::ClaimedID')
+        end
+      end
 
+=begin
+      def self.add(user_name, open_id, lang)
+        user_name = user_name.to_s
         if user_name.empty?
           translator = Pinto::Translate.new(lang)
           message = translator._('%{param} is required') % {
@@ -13,7 +22,17 @@ def self.add(user_name, claimed_id, lang)
           }
           raise ArgumentError.new(message)
         end
+
+        open_id = open_id.to_s
+        if open_id.empty?
+          translator = Pinto::Translate.new(lang)
+          message = translator._('%{param} is required') % {
+            :param => 'OpenID'
+          }
+          raise ArgumentError.new(message)
+        end
       end
+=end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/open_id.rb b/lib/pinto/open_id.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..300a8b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/open_id.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# lib/pinto/open_id.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  class OpenID
+    def self.begin(user_supplied_id, lang)
+      unless user_supplied_id.is_a? Pinto::Type::UserSuppliedID
+        raise ArgumentError.new(
+          'user_supplied_id must be Pinto::Type::UserSuppliedID'
+        )
+      end
+      unless lang.is_a? Pinto::Type::Language
+        raise ArgumentError.new('lang must be Pinto::Type::Language')
+      end
+
+      request = self.consumer().begin(user_supplied_id.to_s)
+
+      realm     = Pinto::Helper::URI.uri('index',          'lang' => lang.to_s)
+      return_to = Pinto::Helper::URI.uri('signup_account', 'lang' => lang.to_s)
+
+      return request.redirect_url(realm, return_to)
+    end
+
+    def self.complete(query, uri)
+      unless query.is_a? Pinto::Type::QueryStrings
+        raise ArgumentError.new('query must be Pinto::Type::QueryStrings')
+      end
+      unless uri.is_a? Pinto::Type::URI
+        raise ArgumentError.new('uri must be Pinto::Type::URI')
+      end
+
+      response = self.consumer().complete(query.to_hash, uri.to_s)
+      unless response.is_a? ::OpenID::Consumer::SuccessResponse
+        return nil
+      end
+      return response.identity_url
+    end
+
+    def self.consumer
+      store = ::OpenID::Store::Filesystem.new('openid')
+      return ::OpenID::Consumer.new({}, store)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/openid.rb b/lib/pinto/openid.rb
deleted file mode 100755
index 22b13d9..0000000
--- a/lib/pinto/openid.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-# lib/pinto/openid.rb
-
-module Pinto
-  class OpenID
-    def self.begin(openid, lang)
-      realm     = Pinto::Helper::URI.uri('index', 'lang' => lang)
-      return_to = Pinto::Helper::URI.uri('signup_account', 'lang' => lang)
-
-      request = self.consumer().begin(openid)
-      return request.redirect_url(realm, return_to)
-    end
-
-    def self.complete(query, uri)
-      response = self.consumer().complete(query, uri)
-      unless response.is_a? ::OpenID::Consumer::SuccessResponse
-        return nil
-      end
-      return response.identity_url
-    end
-
-    def self.consumer()
-      store = ::OpenID::Store::Filesystem.new('openid')
-      return ::OpenID::Consumer.new({}, store)
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/request.rb b/lib/pinto/request.rb
index 564a3d2..5ab2781 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/request.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/request.rb
@@ -2,15 +2,46 @@
 
 module Pinto
   class Request < Rack::Request
-    attr_accessor :controller
-    attr_accessor :uri_map
-
     def initialize(env)
-      @controller = nil
-      @uri_map    = {}
+      unless env.is_a? Hash
+        raise ArgumentError.new('env must be Hash')
+      end
+
+      controller_name = Pinto::Type::ControllerName.new('')
+      self.set_controller_name(controller_name)
+
+      uri_map = Pinto::Type::UriMap.new({})
+      self.set_uri_map(uri_map)
+
       super(env)
     end
 
+    def set_controller_name(controller_name)
+      unless controller_name.is_a? Pinto::Type::ControllerName
+        raise ArgumentError.new(
+          'controller_name must be Pinto::Type::ControllerName'
+        )
+      end
+
+      @controller_name = controller_name
+    end
+
+    def get_controller_name
+      return @controller_name
+    end
+
+    def set_uri_map(uri_map)
+      unless uri_map.is_a? Pinto::Type::UriMap
+        raise ArgumentError.new('uri_map must be Pinto::Type::UriMap')
+      end
+
+      @uri_map = uri_map
+    end
+
+    def get_uri_map
+      return @uri_map
+    end
+
     def head?
       return (request_method == 'HEAD')
     end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/translate.rb b/lib/pinto/translate.rb
index 84d363b..a43b647 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/translate.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/translate.rb
@@ -2,15 +2,21 @@
 
 module Pinto
   class Translate
-    attr_accessor :translator
-
     def initialize(lang)
+      unless lang.is_a? Pinto::Type::Language
+        raise ArgumentError.new('lang must be Pinto::Type::Language')
+      end
+
       @translator = Class.new
       @translator.extend(Pinto::Helper::Translate)
-      @translator.lang = lang
+      @translator.set_language(lang)
     end
 
     def _(message_id)
+      unless message_id.is_a? String
+        raise ArgumentError.new('message_id must be String')
+      end
+
       return @translator._(message_id)
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/claimed_id.rb b/lib/pinto/type/claimed_id.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e0d6a01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/claimed_id.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/claimed_id.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class ClaimedID
+      def initialize(claimed_id)
+        unless claimed_id.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('claimed_id must be String')
+        end
+
+        @claimed_id = claimed_id
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        return @claimed_id
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/config_key.rb b/lib/pinto/type/config_key.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c563596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/config_key.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/config_key.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class ConfigKey
+      def initialize(config_key)
+        unless config_key.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('config_key must be String')
+        end
+
+        @config_key = config_key
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        return @config_key
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/controller_name.rb b/lib/pinto/type/controller_name.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8906477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/controller_name.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/controller_name.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class ControllerName
+      def initialize(controller_name)
+        unless controller_name.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('controller_name must be String')
+        end
+
+        @controller_name = controller_name
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        return @controller_name
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/error_message.rb b/lib/pinto/type/error_message.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0680146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/error_message.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/error_message.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class ErrorMessage
+      def initialize(error_message)
+        unless error_message.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('error_message must be String')
+        end
+
+        @error_message = error_message
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        return @error_message
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/escape_chars.rb b/lib/pinto/type/escape_chars.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5c753f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/escape_chars.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/escape_chars.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class EscapeChars
+      def initialize(escape_chars)
+        unless escape_chars.is_a? Array
+          raise ArgumentError.new('escape_chars must be Array')
+        end
+
+        @escape_chars = escape_chars
+      end
+
+      def to_a
+        return @escape_chars
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/http_status_code.rb b/lib/pinto/type/http_status_code.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e40360e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/http_status_code.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/http_status_code.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class HttpStatusCode
+      def initialize(http_status_code)
+        unless http_status_code.is_a? Integer
+          raise ArgumentError.new('http_status_code must be Integer')
+        end
+
+        @http_status_code = http_status_code
+      end
+
+      def to_i
+        return @http_status_code
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/language.rb b/lib/pinto/type/language.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..97c61ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/language.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/language.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class Language
+      def initialize(language)
+        unless language.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('language must be String')
+        end
+
+        @language = language
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        return @language
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/query_strings.rb b/lib/pinto/type/query_strings.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..961c1d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/query_strings.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/query_strings.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class QueryStrings
+      def initialize(query_strings)
+        unless query_strings.is_a? Hash
+          raise ArgumentError.new('query_strings must be Hash')
+        end
+
+        @query_strings = query_strings
+      end
+
+      def to_hash
+        return @query_strings
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/uri.rb b/lib/pinto/type/uri.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6d4c070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/uri.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/uri.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class URI
+      def initialize(uri)
+        unless uri.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('uri must be String')
+        end
+
+        @uri = uri
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        return @uri
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/uri_map.rb b/lib/pinto/type/uri_map.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d5563af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/uri_map.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/uri_map.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class UriMap
+      def initialize(uri_map)
+        unless uri_map.is_a? Hash
+          raise ArgumentError.new('uri_map must be Hash')
+        end
+
+        @uri_map = uri_map
+      end
+
+      def to_hash
+        return @uri_map
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/user_name.rb b/lib/pinto/type/user_name.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..47b0df0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/user_name.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/user_name.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class UserName
+      def initialize(user_name)
+        unless user_name.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('user_name must be String')
+        end
+
+        @user_name = user_name
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        return @user_name
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/user_supplied_id.rb b/lib/pinto/type/user_supplied_id.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..605b5ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/user_supplied_id.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/user_supplied_id.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class UserSuppliedID
+      def initialize(user_supplied_id)
+        unless user_supplied_id.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('user_supplied_id must be String')
+        end
+
+        @user_supplied_id = user_supplied_id
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        return @user_supplied_id
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/view_name.rb b/lib/pinto/type/view_name.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..502b561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/view_name.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/view_name.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class ViewName
+      def initialize(view_name)
+        unless view_name.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('view_name must be String')
+        end
+
+        @view_name = view_name
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        return @view_name
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/type/view_param.rb b/lib/pinto/type/view_param.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..459ac6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pinto/type/view_param.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# lib/pinto/type/view_param.rb
+
+module Pinto
+  module Type
+    class ViewParam
+      def initialize(view_param)
+        unless view_param.is_a? Hash
+          raise ArgumentError.new('view_param must be Hash')
+        end
+
+        @view_param = view_param
+      end
+
+      def to_hash
+        return @view_param
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/uri/expand_processor.rb b/lib/pinto/uri/expand_processor.rb
index d6324ff..7b6d5f4 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/uri/expand_processor.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/uri/expand_processor.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,13 @@ module Pinto
   module URI
     class ExpandProcessor
       def self.transform(name, value)
+        unless name.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('name must be String')
+        end
+        unless value.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('value must be String')
+        end
+
         return value + '.' if name == 'lang'
         return '?' + value if name == 'query'
         return value
diff --git a/lib/pinto/uri/extract_processor.rb b/lib/pinto/uri/extract_processor.rb
index c743bea..d87667c 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/uri/extract_processor.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/uri/extract_processor.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ module Pinto
   module URI
     class ExtractProcessor
       def self.match(name)
+        unless name.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('name must be String')
+        end
+
         return 'ja\.|en\.|'      if name == 'lang'
         return '\?.+|'           if name == 'query'
         return '[0-9a-zA-Z_\-]+' if name == 'username'
@@ -11,6 +15,13 @@ def self.match(name)
       end
 
       def self.restore(name, value)
+        unless name.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('name must be String')
+        end
+        unless value.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('value must be String')
+        end
+
         case name
         when 'lang'
           restore_value = value.gsub(/\.$/, '')
diff --git a/lib/pinto/view.rb b/lib/pinto/view.rb
index 5c45989..5d79421 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/view.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/view.rb
@@ -2,8 +2,15 @@
 
 module Pinto
   class View
-    def self.render(view, param = {})
-      template = File.read("view/#{view}.erb")
+    def self.render(name, param = Pinto::Type::ViewParam.new({}))
+      unless name.is_a? Pinto::Type::ViewName
+        raise ArgumentError.new('name must be Pinto::Type::ViewName')
+      end
+      unless param.is_a? Pinto::Type::ViewParam
+        raise ArgumentError.new('param must be Pinto::Type::ViewParam')
+      end
+
+      template = File.read("view/#{name.to_s}.erb")
       return Pinto::View::XHTML.new(template).evaluate(param)
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/pinto/view/xhtml.rb b/lib/pinto/view/xhtml.rb
index 4d9ed4e..c4e78d4 100755
--- a/lib/pinto/view/xhtml.rb
+++ b/lib/pinto/view/xhtml.rb
@@ -4,20 +4,29 @@ module Pinto
   class View
     class XHTML < Erubis::EscapedEruby
       def escaped_expr(code)
+        unless code.is_a? String
+          raise ArgumentError.new('code must be String')
+        end
+
         return "h(#{code})"
       end
 
       def evaluate(param)
-        context = Erubis::Context.new(param)
+        unless param.is_a? Pinto::Type::ViewParam
+          raise ArgumentError.new('param must be Pinto::Type::ViewParam')
+        end
+
+        context = Erubis::Context.new(param.to_hash)
         context.extend(Pinto::Helper::HTML)
         context.extend(Pinto::Helper::URI)
 
-        if param.has_key? :lang
+        if param.to_hash.has_key? :lang
           context.extend(Pinto::Helper::Translate)
-          context.lang = param[:lang]
+          language = Pinto::Type::Language.new(param.to_hash[:lang])
+          context.set_language(language)
         end
 
-        super context
+        super(context)
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/test/model/user_spec.rb b/test/model/user_spec.rb
index 892c156..f867def 100755
--- a/test/model/user_spec.rb
+++ b/test/model/user_spec.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,21 @@
 $LOAD_PATH << 'lib'
 require 'pinto'
 
+describe Pinto::Model::User, 'add method is called' do
+  it 'should raise ArgumentError when invalid user_name is passed' do
+    lambda {
+      Pinto::Model::User.add(nil, Pinto::Type::UserName.new('test'))
+    }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+  end
+
+  it 'should raise ArgumentError when invalid claimed_id is passed' do
+    lambda {
+      Pinto::Model::User.add(Pinto::Type::ClaimedID.new('test'), nil)
+    }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+  end
+end
+
+=begin
 describe Pinto::Model::User, 'when user_name is nil for add method' do
   it 'should raise English error when lang is "en"' do
     lambda {
@@ -28,3 +43,32 @@
     }.should raise_error(ArgumentError, 'ユーザー名は必須です')
   end
 end
+
+describe Pinto::Model::User, 'when claimed_id is nil for add method' do
+  it 'should raise English error when lang is "en"' do
+    lambda {
+      Pinto::Model::User.add('dummy', nil, 'en')
+    }.should raise_error(ArgumentError, 'OpenID is required')
+  end
+
+  it 'should raise Japanese error when lang is "ja"' do
+    lambda {
+      Pinto::Model::User.add('dummy', nil, 'ja')
+    }.should raise_error(ArgumentError, 'OpenIDは必須です')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Pinto::Model::User, 'when claimed_id is empty for add method' do
+  it 'should raise English error when lang is "en"' do
+    lambda {
+      Pinto::Model::User.add('dummy', '', 'en')
+    }.should raise_error(ArgumentError, 'OpenID is required')
+  end
+
+  it 'should raise Japanese error when lang is "ja"' do
+    lambda {
+      Pinto::Model::User.add('dummy', '', 'ja')
+    }.should raise_error(ArgumentError, 'OpenIDは必須です')
+  end
+end
+=end