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# The Inflector transforms words from singular to plural, class names to table names, modularized class names to ones without,
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# and class names to foreign keys. The default inflections for pluralization, singularization, and uncountable words are kept
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# A singleton instance of this class is yielded by Inflector.inflections, which can then be used to specify additional
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# inflection rules. Examples:
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@@ -21,20 +21,20 @@ module Inflector
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# already have been loaded.
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attr_reader :plurals, :singulars, :uncountables
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@plurals, @singulars, @uncountables = [], [], []
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- # Specifies a new pluralization rule and its replacement. The rule can either be a string or a regular expression.
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+ # Specifies a new pluralization rule and its replacement. The rule can either be a string or a regular expression.
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# The replacement should always be a string that may include references to the matched data from the rule.
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def plural(rule, replacement)
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@plurals.insert(0, [rule, replacement])
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- # Specifies a new singularization rule and its replacement. The rule can either be a string or a regular expression.
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+ # Specifies a new singularization rule and its replacement. The rule can either be a string or a regular expression.
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# The replacement should always be a string that may include references to the matched data from the rule.
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def singular(rule, replacement)
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@singulars.insert(0, [rule, replacement])
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@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ module Inflector
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# Specifies a new irregular that applies to both pluralization and singularization at the same time. This can only be used
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# for strings, not regular expressions. You simply pass the irregular in singular and plural form.
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# irregular 'octopus', 'octopi'
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# irregular 'person', 'people'
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@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ module Inflector
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plural(Regexp.new("(#{singular[0,1]})#{singular[1..-1]}$", "i"), '\1' + plural[1..-1])
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singular(Regexp.new("(#{plural[0,1]})#{plural[1..-1]}$", "i"), '\1' + singular[1..-1])
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# Add uncountable words that shouldn't be attempted inflected.
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# uncountable "money", "information"
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@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ module Inflector
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def uncountable(*words)
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(@uncountables << words).flatten!
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# Clears the loaded inflections within a given scope (default is :all). Give the scope as a symbol of the inflection type,
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# the options are: :plurals, :singulars, :uncountables
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@@ -87,6 +87,15 @@ module Inflector
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+ # Returns the plural form of the word in the string.
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+ # "post".pluralize #=> "posts"
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+ # "octopus".pluralize #=> "octopi"
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+ # "sheep".pluralize #=> "sheep"
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+ # "words".pluralize #=> "words"
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+ # "the blue mailman".pluralize #=> "the blue mailmen"
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+ # "CamelOctopus".pluralize #=> "CamelOctopi"
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@@ -98,6 +107,15 @@ module Inflector
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+ # The reverse of pluralize, returns the singular form of a word in a string.
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+ # "posts".singularize #=> "post"
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+ # "octopi".singularize #=> "octopus"
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+ # "sheep".singluarize #=> "sheep"
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+ # "word".singluarize #=> "word"
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+ # "the blue mailmen".singularize #=> "the blue mailman"
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+ # "CamelOctopi".singularize #=> "CamelOctopus"
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@@ -109,6 +127,16 @@ module Inflector
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+ # By default, camelize converts strings to UpperCamelCase. If the argument to camelize
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+ # is set to ":lower" then camelize produces lowerCamelCase.
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+ # camelize will also convert '/' to '::' which is useful for converting paths to namespaces
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+ # "active_record".camelize #=> "ActiveRecord"
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+ # "active_record".camelize(:lower) #=> "activeRecord"
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+ # "active_record/errors".camelize #=> "ActiveRecord::Errors"
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+ # "active_record/errors".camelize(:lower) #=> "activeRecord::Errors"
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def camelize(lower_case_and_underscored_word, first_letter_in_uppercase = true)
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if first_letter_in_uppercase
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lower_case_and_underscored_word.to_s.gsub(/\/(.?)/) { "::" + $1.upcase }.gsub(/(^|_)(.)/) { $2.upcase }
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@@ -117,10 +145,26 @@ module Inflector
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+ # Capitalizes all the words and replaces some characters in the string to create
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+ # a nicer looking title. Titleize is meant for creating pretty output. It is not
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+ # used in the Rails internals.
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+ # titleize is also aliased as as titlecase
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+ # "man from the boondocks".titleize #=> "Man From The Boondocks"
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+ # "x-men: the last stand".titleize #=> "X Men: The Last Stand"
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humanize(underscore(word)).gsub(/\b([a-z])/) { $1.capitalize }
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+ # The reverse of +camelize+. Makes an underscored form from the expression in the string.
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+ # Changes '::' to '/' to convert namespaces to paths.
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+ # "ActiveRecord".underscore #=> "active_record"
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+ # "ActiveRecord::Errors".underscore #=> active_record/errors
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def underscore(camel_cased_word)
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camel_cased_word.to_s.gsub(/::/, '/').
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gsub(/([A-Z]+)([A-Z][a-z])/,'\1_\2').
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@@ -128,40 +172,93 @@ module Inflector
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+ # Replaces underscores with dashes in the string.
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+ # "puni_puni" #=> "puni-puni"
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def dasherize(underscored_word)
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underscored_word.gsub(/_/, '-')
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+ # Capitalizes the first word and turns underscores into spaces and strips _id.
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+ # Like titleize, this is meant for creating pretty output.
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+ # "employee_salary" #=> "Employee salary"
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+ # "author_id" #=> "Author"
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def humanize(lower_case_and_underscored_word)
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lower_case_and_underscored_word.to_s.gsub(/_id$/, "").gsub(/_/, " ").capitalize
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+ # Removes the module part from the expression in the string
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+ # "ActiveRecord::CoreExtensions::String::Inflections".demodulize #=> "Inflections"
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+ # "Inflections".demodulize #=> "Inflections"
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def demodulize(class_name_in_module)
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class_name_in_module.to_s.gsub(/^.*::/, '')
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+ # Create the name of a table like Rails does for models to table names. This method
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+ # uses the pluralize method on the last word in the string.
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+ # "RawScaledScorer".tableize #=> "raw_scaled_scorers"
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+ # "egg_and_ham".tableize #=> "egg_and_hams"
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+ # "fancyCategory".tableize #=> "fancy_categories"
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def tableize(class_name)
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pluralize(underscore(class_name))
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+ # Create a class name from a table name like Rails does for table names to models.
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+ # Note that this returns a string and not a Class. (To convert to an actual class
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+ # follow classify with constantize.)
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+ # "egg_and_hams".classify #=> "EggAndHam"
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+ # "post".classify #=> "Post"
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def classify(table_name)
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# strip out any leading schema name
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camelize(singularize(table_name.to_s.sub(/.*\./, '')))
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+ # Creates a foreign key name from a class name.
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+ # +separate_class_name_and_id_with_underscore+ sets whether
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+ # the method should put '_' between the name and 'id'.
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+ # "Message".foreign_key #=> "message_id"
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+ # "Message".foreign_key(false) #=> "messageid"
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+ # "Admin::Post".foreign_key #=> "post_id"
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def foreign_key(class_name, separate_class_name_and_id_with_underscore = true)
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underscore(demodulize(class_name)) + (separate_class_name_and_id_with_underscore ? "_id" : "id")
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+ # Constantize tries to find a declared constant with the name specified
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+ # in the string. It raises a NameError when the name is not in CamelCase
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+ # or is not initialized.
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+ # "Module".constantize #=> Module
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+ # "Class".constantize #=> Class
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def constantize(camel_cased_word)
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- raise NameError, "#{camel_cased_word.inspect} is not a valid constant name!" unless
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- /^(::)?([A-Z]\w*)(::[A-Z]\w*)*$/ =~ camel_cased_word
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+ unless /^(::)?([A-Z]\w*)(::[A-Z]\w*)*$/ =~ camel_cased_word
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+ raise NameError, "#{camel_cased_word.inspect} is not a valid constant name!"
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camel_cased_word = "::#{camel_cased_word}" unless $1
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Object.module_eval(camel_cased_word, __FILE__, __LINE__)
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+ # Ordinalize turns a number into an ordinal string used to denote the
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+ # position in an ordered sequence such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th.
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+ # ordinalize(1) # => "1st"
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+ # ordinalize(2) # => "2nd"
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+ # ordinalize(1002) # => "1002nd"
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+ # ordinalize(1003) # => "1003rd"
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if (11..13).include?(number.to_i % 100)
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