=== INFO ===

Shade is a state machine (or workflow) decorator for ColdFusion business objects.

=== OVERVIEW ===

You have a Order business object...

You want to use it as a state machine (workflow), so you create a stateful 
wrapper (call it what you wish) that extends shade.StateMachine. In it you
need to define at least 2 methods: init() and defineStates(). See the example 
below. 

-- Defining States and Events --

You add a state and events in the defineStates() method. You create a state
by calling addState([name of state]). This will register a state for you
object and create two methods available for use in you decorated object.

For instance addState('closed') will create a close() method to fire the close 
event and an isClosed() method to check if the object is in a closed state.

There are 3 events that each state exposes: entering, after, and exit. See
"Adding Event Callbacks" for more.

You also add event here using the addEvent() method. An Event is anything
that will cause you object to transition from one state to another. To make 
an event actually do something, you need to add transitions to that event.
The easiest way is to simply chain the addTransitions() method right to 
addEvent(). A transition is a rule that defines 'from' states and a 'to' 
state. It can also have a guard method that will prevent the transition 
unless it returns true. A guard is called on the original business object 
(not the decorated one).

-- Adding Event Callbacks --

You can also define event callback methods in the decorator. The signature
for those will be: 

  before[state]Action: Fires just before you enter this state
  after[state]Action:  Fires just after the state becomes current
  exit[state]Action:   Fires on the previous state just after the new
                       state becomes current (i.e. when you leave this state)

-- Persistence --

Without specifying a persistence object (service layer), the state property
is updated but not persisted to the database. Obviously, this has a limiting
effect on events. An after event will fire after the state is updated even 
though it will not be changed in the database.

To get the proper use of the event callbacks, you should pass in a persistence
object which will be passed the the business object and is responsible for 
saving it.               

=== EXAMPLE ===

  <cfcomponent displayname="Order" extends="shade.StateMachine" output="false">
    <cffunction name="getState" ...
    <cffunction name="setState" ...
  </cfcomponent>

  <!--- This is optional, but needed for persistence --->
  <cfcomponent displayname="OrderService" extends="shade.StateMachine" output="false">
    <cffunction name="save">
      <cfarguments name="order" ...
       ...perform the save
    </cffunction>
  </cfcomponent>

  <cfcomponent displayname="StatefulOrder" extends="shade.StateMachine" output="false">
    <cfset instance = structNew() />
    
    <cffunction name="init" access="public" returntype="any" output="false">
      <cfargument name="order" required="true" />
      <cfargument name="persistenceObject" required="false" />  
      <!--- 
      Call super passing the original business object and the initial state.
      You can also pass the method to set the state in your business object (without 
      the get/set in front of it). It defaults to 'State' which would them 
      assume that you business object had getState() and setState() methods.
      --->
      <cfset super.init(arguments.order, 'new', 'State', arguments.persistenceObject, 'save') />
      <!---
      or <cfset super.init(arguments.order, 'new') /> if there is no persistence object 
      --->
      <cfreturn this />
    </cffunction>
      
    <cffunction name="configureState" access="private" returntype="void" output="false">
      <cfscript>
        addState('new');  
        addState('open');
        addState('closed');
        addState('returned');
  
        addEvent('process').addTransitions('new', 'open');
        addEvent('close').addTransitions('new,open', 'closed');
        addEvent('return').addTransitions('closed', 'returned', 'canReturn');
      </cfscript>
    </cffunction>
    
    <!--- Observers --->
    
    <cffunction name="beforeClosedAction" access="public" returntype="void" output="false">
      <!--- Perform some action such as sending a notification when an order is closed. --->
      <cfmail ... />
    </cffunction>
  
  </cfcomponent>


=== USAGE ===

<cfscript>
  o = createObject("component", "Order").init();
  order = createObject("component", "OrderState").init(o);
  
  order.process();
  order.isOpen(); <!--- true --->
  order.close();  <!--- notice is sent by mailer --->
  order.return();
</cfscript>