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.gitignore | Tue Jul 07 09:55:47 -0700 2009 | |
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Changes | Mon Nov 02 10:59:36 -0800 2009 | |
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t/ | Tue Oct 13 18:30:46 -0700 2009 |
README
NAME
Net::Twitter::Lite - A perl interface to the Twitter API
VERSION
This document describes Net::Twitter::Lite version 0.08005
SYNOPSIS
use Net::Twitter::Lite;
my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(
username => $user,
password => $password
);
my $result = eval { $nt->update('Hello, world!') };
eval {
my $statuses = $nt->friends_timeline({ since_id => $high_water, count => 100 });
for my $status ( @$statuses ) {
print "$status->{created_at} <$status->{user}{screen_name}> $status->{text}\n";
}
};
warn "$@\n" if $@;
DESCRIPTION
This module provides a perl interface to the Twitter APIs. It uses the
same API definitions as Net::Twitter, but without the extra bells and
whistles and without the additional dependencies. Same great taste, less
filling.
This module is related to, but is not part of the "Net::Twitter"
distribution. It's API methods and API method documentation are
generated from "Net::Twitter"'s internals. It exists for those who
cannot, or prefer not to install Moose and its dependencies.
You should consider upgrading to "Net::Twitter" for additional
functionality, finer grained control over features, full backwards
compatibility with older versions of "Net::Twitter", and additional
error handling options.
IMPORTANT
Beginning with version 0.03, it is necessary for web applications using
OAuth authentication to pass the "callback" parameter to
"get_authorization_url". In the absence of a callback parameter, when
the user authorizes the application a PIN number is displayed rather
than redirecting the user back to your site.
MIGRATING FROM NET::TWITTER 2.x
If you are migrating from Net::Twitter 2.12 (or an earlier version), you
may need to make some minor changes to your application code in order to
user Net::Twitter::Lite successfully.
The primary difference is in error handling. Net::Twitter::Lite throws
exceptions on error. It does not support the "get_error", "http_code",
and "http_message" methods used in Net::Twitter 2.12 and prior versions.
Instead of
# DON'T!
my $friends = $nt->friends();
if ( $friends ) {
# process $friends
}
wrap the API call in an eval block:
# DO!
my $friends = eval { $nt->friends() };
if ( $friends ) {
# process $friends
}
Here's a much more complex example taken from application code using
Net::Twitter 2.12:
# DON'T!
my $friends = $nt->friends();
if ( $friends ) {
# process $friends
}
else {
my $error = $nt->get_error;
if ( ref $error ) {
if ( ref($error) eq 'HASH' && exists $error->{error} ) {
$error = $error->{error};
}
else {
$error = 'Unexpected error type ' . ref($error);
}
}
else {
$error = $nt->http_code() . ": " . $nt->http_message;
}
warn "$error\n";
}
The Net::Twitter::Lite equivalent is:
# DO!
eval {
my $friends = $nt->friends();
# process $friends
};
warn "$@\n" if $@;
return;
In Net::Twitter::Lite, an error can always be treated as a string. See
Net::Twitter::Lite::Error. The HTTP Status Code and HTTP Message are
both available. Rather than accessing them via the Net::Twitter::Lite
instance, you access them via the Net::Twitter::Lite::Error instance
thrown as an error.
For example:
# DO!
eval {
my $friends = $nt->friends();
# process $friends
};
if ( my $error = $@ ) {
if ( blessed $error && $error->isa("Net::Twitter::Lite::Error)
&& $error->code() == 502 ) {
$error = "Fail Whale!";
}
warn "$error\n";
}
Unsupported Net::Twitter 2.12 options to "new"
Net::Twitter::Lite does not support the following Net::Twitter 2.12
options to "new". It silently ignores them:
no_fallback
If Net::Twitter::Lite is unable to create an instance of the class
specified in the "useragent_class" option to "new", it dies, rather
than falling back to an LWP::UserAgent object. You really don't want
a failure to create the "useragent_class" you specified to go
unnoticed.
twittervision
Net::Twitter::Lite does not support the TwitterVision API. Use
Net::Twitter, instead, if you need it.
skip_arg_validation
Net::Twitter::Lite does not API parameter validation. This is a
feature. If Twitter adds a new option to an API method, you can use
it immediately by passing it in the HASH ref to the API call.
Net::Twitter::Lite relies on Twitter to validate its own parameters.
An appropriate exception will be thrown if Twitter reports a
parameter error.
die_on_validation
See "skip_arg_validation". If Twitter returns an bad parameter
error, an appropriate exception will be thrown.
arrayref_on_error
This option allowed the following idiom in Net::Twitter 2.12:
# DON'T!
for my $friend ( @{ $nt->friends() } ) {
# process $friend
}
The equivalent Net::Twitter::Lite code is:
# DO!
eval {
for my $friend ( @{ $nt->friends() } ) {
# process $friend
}
};
Unsupported Net::Twitter 2.12 methods
clone
The "clone" method was added to Net::Twitter 2.x to allow safe error
handling in an environment where concurrent requests are handled,
for example, when using LWP::UserAgent::POE as the
"useragent_class". Since Net::Twitter::Lite throws exceptions
instead of stashing them in the Net::Twitter::Lite instance, it is
safe in a current request environment, obviating the need for
"clone".
get_error
http_code
http_message
These methods are replaced by Net::Twitter::Lite::Error. An instance
of that class is thrown errors are encountered.
METHODS AND ARGUMENTS
new This constructs a "Net::Twitter::Lite" object. It takes several
named parameters, all of them optional:
username
This is the screen name or email used to authenticate with
Twitter. Use this option for Basic Authentication, only.
password
This is the password used to authenticate with Twitter. Use this
option for Basic Authentication, only.
consumer_key
A string containing the OAuth consumer key provided by Twitter
when an application is registered. Use this option for OAuth
authentication, only.
consumer_secret
A string containing the OAuth consumer secret. Use this option
for OAuth authentication, only. the "OAuth" trait is included.
oauth_urls
A HASH ref of URLs to be used with OAuth authentication.
Defaults to:
{
request_token_url => "http://twitter.com/oauth/request_token",
authorization_url => "http://twitter.com/oauth/authorize",
access_token_url => "http://twitter.com/oauth/access_token",
}
clientname
The value for the "X-Twitter-Client-Name" HTTP header. It
defaults to "Perl Net::Twitter::Lite".
clientver
The value for the "X-Twitter-Client-Version" HTTP header. It
defaults to current version of the "Net::Twitter::Lite" module.
clienturl
The value for the "X-Twitter-Client-URL" HTTP header. It
defaults to the search.cpan.org page for the
"Net::Twitter::Lite" distribution.
useragent_class
The "LWP::UserAgent" compatible class used internally by
"Net::Twitter::Lite". It defaults to "LWP::UserAgent". For POE
based applications, consider using "LWP::UserAgent::POE".
useragent_args
An HASH ref of arguments to pass to constructor of the class
specified with "useragent_class", above. It defaults to {} (an
empty HASH ref).
useragent
The value for "User-Agent" HTTP header. It defaults to
"Net::Twitter::Lite/0.08005 (Perl)".
source
The value used in the "source" parameter of API method calls. It
is currently only used in the "update" method in the REST API.
It defaults to "twitterpm". This results in the text "from
Net::Twitter" rather than "from web" for status messages posted
from "Net::Twitter::Lite" when displayed via the Twitter web
interface. The value for this parameter is provided by Twitter
when a Twitter application is registered. See
<http://apiwiki.twitter.com/FAQ#HowdoIget%E2%80%9CfromMyApp%E2%8
0%9DappendedtoupdatessentfrommyAPIapplication>.
apiurl
The URL for the Twitter API. This defaults to
"http://twitter.com".
identica
If set to 1 (or any value that evaluates to true), apiurl
defaults to "http://identi.ca/api".
ssl If set to 1, an SSL connection will be used for all API calls.
Defaults to 0.
netrc
If set to 1, Net::Twitter::Lite will look up the host portion of
the "apiurl" in the ".netrc" file to obtain the u"username" and
"password" arguments.
# in .netrc
machine twitter.com
login YOUR_TWITTER_USER_NAME
password YOUR_TWITTER_PASSWORD
# in your perl program
$nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(netrc => 1);
BASIC AUTHENTICATION METHODS
credentials($username, $password)
Set the credentials for Basic Authentication. This is helpful for
managing multiple accounts.
OAUTH METHODS
authorized
Whether the client has the necessary credentials to be authorized.
Note that the credentials may be wrong and so the request may fail.
request_access_token
Returns list including the access token, access token secret,
user_id, and screen_name for this user. Takes a HASH of arguments.
The "verifier" argument is required. See "OAUTH EXAMPLES".
The user must have authorized this app at the url given by
"get_authorization_url" first.
For desktop applications, the Twitter authorization page will
present the user with a PIN number. Prompt the user for the PIN
number, and pass it as the "verifier" argument to
request_access_token.
Returns the access token and access token secret but also sets them
internally so that after calling this method, you can immediately
call API methods requiring authentication.
get_authorization_url(callback => $callback_url)
Get the URL used to authorize the user. Returns a "URI" object. For
web applications, pass your applications callback URL as the
"callback" parameter. No arguments are required for desktop
applications ("callback" defaults to "oob", out-of-band).
get_authentication_url(callback => $callback_url)
Get the URL used to authenticate the user with "Sign in with
Twitter" authentication flow. Returns a "URI" object. For web
applications, pass your applications callback URL as the "callback"
parameter. No arguments are required for desktop applications
("callback" defaults to "oob", out-of-band).
access_token
Get or set the access token.
access_token_secret
Get or set the access token secret.
request_token
Get or set the request token.
request_token_secret
Get or set the request token secret.
access_token_url
Get or set the access_token URL.
authentication_url
Get or set the authentication URL.
authorization_url
Get or set the authorization URL.
request_token_url
Get or set the request_token URL.
API METHODS AND ARGUMENTS
Most Twitter API methods take parameters. All Net::Twitter::Lite API
methods will accept a HASH ref of named parameters as specified in the
Twitter API documentation. For convenience, many Net::Twitter::Lite
methods accept simple positional arguments as documented, below. The
positional parameter passing style is optional; you can always use the
named parameters in a hash ref if you prefer.
For example, the REST API method "update" has one required parameter,
"status". You can call "update" with a HASH ref argument:
$nt->update({ status => 'Hello world!' });
Or, you can use the convenient form:
$nt->update('Hello world!');
The "update" method also has an optional parameter,
"in_reply_to_status_id". To use it, you must use the HASH ref form:
$nt->update({ status => 'Hello world!', in_reply_to_status_id => $reply_to });
Convenience form is provided for the required parameters of all API
methods. So, these two calls are equivalent:
$nt->friendship_exists({ user_a => $fred, user_b => $barney });
$nt->friendship_exists($fred, $barney);
Many API methods have aliases. You can use the API method name, or any
of its aliases, as you prefer. For example, these calls are all
equivalent:
$nt->friendship_exists($fred, $barney);
$nt->relationship_exists($fred, $barney);
$nt->follows($fred, $barney);
Aliases support both the HASH ref and convenient forms:
$nt->follows({ user_a => $fred, user_b => $barney });
Methods that support the "page" parameter expect page numbers > 0.
Twitter silently ignores invalid "page" values. So "{ page => 0 }"
produces the same result as "{ page => 1 }".
In addition to the arguments specified for each API method described
below, an additional "authenticate" parameter can be passed. To request
an "Authorization" header, pass "authenticated => 1"; to suppress an
authentication header, pass "authentication => 0". Even if requested, an
Authorization header will not be added if there are no user credentials
(username and password for Basic Authentication; access tokens for
OAuth).
This is probably only useful for the "rate_limit_status" method in the
REST API, since it returns different values for an authenticated and a
non-authenticated call.
REST API Methods
Several of these methods accept a user ID as the "id" parameter. The
user ID can be either a screen name, or the users numeric ID. To
disambiguate, use the "screen_name" or "user_id" parameters, instead.
For example, These calls are equivalent:
$nt->create_friend('perl_api'); # screen name
$nt->create_friend(1564061); # numeric ID
$nt->create_friend({ id => 'perl_api' });
$nt->create_friend({ screen_name => 'perl_api' });
$nt->create_friend({ user_id => 1564061 });
However user_id 911 and screen_name 911 are separate Twitter accounts.
These calls are NOT equivalent:
$nt->create_friend(911); # interpreted as screen name
$nt->create_friend({ user_id => 911 }); # screen name: richellis
Whenever the "id" parameter is required and "user_id" and "screen_name"
are also parameters, using any one of them satisfies the requirement.
block_exists
block_exists(id)
Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name
Required: id
Returns if the authenticating user is blocking a target user. Will
return the blocked user's object if a block exists, and error with
HTTP 404 response code otherwise.
Returns: BasicUser
blocking
blocking(page)
Parameters: page
Required: *none*
Returns an array of user objects that the authenticating user is
blocking.
Returns: ArrayRef[BasicUser]
blocking_ids
Parameters: *none*
Required: *none*
Returns an array of numeric user ids the authenticating user is
blocking.
Returns: ArrayRef[Int]
create_block
create_block(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Blocks the user specified in the ID parameter as the authenticating
user. Returns the blocked user when successful. You can find out
more about blocking in the Twitter Support Knowledge Base.
Returns: BasicUser
create_favorite
create_favorite(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Favorites the status specified in the ID parameter as the
authenticating user. Returns the favorite status when successful.
Returns: Status
create_friend
create_friend(id)
alias: follow_new
Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, follow
Required: id
Befriends the user specified in the ID parameter as the
authenticating user. Returns the befriended user when successful.
Returns a string describing the failure condition when unsuccessful.
Returns: BasicUser
create_saved_search
create_saved_search(query)
Parameters: query
Required: query
Creates a saved search for the authenticated user.
Returns: SavedSearch
destroy_block
destroy_block(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Un-blocks the user specified in the ID parameter as the
authenticating user. Returns the un-blocked user when successful.
Returns: BasicUser
destroy_direct_message
destroy_direct_message(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Destroys the direct message specified in the required ID parameter.
The authenticating user must be the recipient of the specified
direct message.
Returns: DirectMessage
destroy_favorite
destroy_favorite(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Un-favorites the status specified in the ID parameter as the
authenticating user. Returns the un-favorited status.
Returns: Status
destroy_friend
destroy_friend(id)
alias: unfollow
Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name
Required: id
Discontinues friendship with the user specified in the ID parameter
as the authenticating user. Returns the un-friended user when
successful. Returns a string describing the failure condition when
unsuccessful.
Returns: BasicUser
destroy_saved_search
destroy_saved_search(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Destroys a saved search. The search, specified by "id", must be
owned by the authenticating user.
Returns: SavedSearch
destroy_status
destroy_status(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Destroys the status specified by the required ID parameter. The
authenticating user must be the author of the specified status.
Returns: Status
direct_messages
Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page
Required: *none*
Returns a list of the 20 most recent direct messages sent to the
authenticating user including detailed information about the sending
and recipient users.
Returns: ArrayRef[DirectMessage]
disable_notifications
disable_notifications(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Disables notifications for updates from the specified user to the
authenticating user. Returns the specified user when successful.
Returns: BasicUser
enable_notifications
enable_notifications(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Enables notifications for updates from the specified user to the
authenticating user. Returns the specified user when successful.
Returns: BasicUser
end_session
Parameters: *none*
Required: *none*
Ends the session of the authenticating user, returning a null
cookie. Use this method to sign users out of client-facing
applications like widgets.
Returns: Error
favorites
Parameters: id, page
Required: *none*
Returns the 20 most recent favorite statuses for the authenticating
user or user specified by the ID parameter.
Returns: ArrayRef[Status]
followers
Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, cursor
Required: *none*
Returns a reference to an array of the user's followers. If "id",
"user_id", or "screen_name" is not specified, the followers of the
authenticating user are returned. The returned users are ordered
from most recently followed to least recently followed.
Use the optional "cursor" parameter to retrieve users in pages of
100. When the "cursor" parameter is used, the return value is a
reference to a hash with keys "previous_cursor", "next_cursor", and
"users". The value of "users" is a reference to an array of the
user's friends. The result set isn't guaranteed to be 100 every time
as suspended users will be filtered out. Set the optional "cursor"
parameter to -1 to get the first page of users. Set it to the prior
return's value of "previous_cursor" or "next_cursor" to page forward
or backwards. When there are no prior pages, the value of
"previous_cursor" will be 0. When there are no subsequent pages, the
value of "next_cursor" will be 0.
Returns: HashRef|ArrayRef[User]
followers_ids
followers_ids(id)
Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, cursor
Required: id
Returns a reference to an array of numeric IDs for every user
following the specified user.
Use the optional "cursor" parameter to retrieve IDs in pages of
5000. When the "cursor" parameter is used, the return value is a
reference to a hash with keys "previous_cursor", "next_cursor", and
"ids". The value of "ids" is a reference to an array of IDS of the
user's followers. Set the optional "cursor" parameter to -1 to get
the first page of IDs. Set it to the prior return's value of
"previous_cursor" or "next_cursor" to page forward or backwards.
When there are no prior pages, the value of "previous_cursor" will
be 0. When there are no subsequent pages, the value of "next_cursor"
will be 0.
Returns: HashRef|ArrayRef[Int]
friends
alias: following
Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, cursor
Required: *none*
Returns a reference to an array of the user's friends. If "id",
"user_id", or "screen_name" is not specified, the friends of the
authenticating user are returned. The returned users are ordered
from most recently followed to least recently followed.
Use the optional "cursor" parameter to retrieve users in pages of
100. When the "cursor" parameter is used, the return value is a
reference to a hash with keys "previous_cursor", "next_cursor", and
"users". The value of "users" is a reference to an array of the
user's friends. The result set isn't guaranteed to be 100 every time
as suspended users will be filtered out. Set the optional "cursor"
parameter to -1 to get the first page of users. Set it to the prior
return's value of "previous_cursor" or "next_cursor" to page forward
or backwards. When there are no prior pages, the value of
"previous_cursor" will be 0. When there are no subsequent pages, the
value of "next_cursor" will be 0.
Returns: Hashref|ArrayRef[User]
friends_ids
friends_ids(id)
alias: following_ids
Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, cursor
Required: id
Returns a reference to an array of numeric IDs for every user
followed the specified user.
Use the optional "cursor" parameter to retrieve IDs in pages of
5000. When the "cursor" parameter is used, the return value is a
reference to a hash with keys "previous_cursor", "next_cursor", and
"ids". The value of "ids" is a reference to an array of IDS of the
user's friends. Set the optional "cursor" parameter to -1 to get the
first page of IDs. Set it to the prior return's value of
"previous_cursor" or "next_cursor" to page forward or backwards.
When there are no prior pages, the value of "previous_cursor" will
be 0. When there are no subsequent pages, the value of "next_cursor"
will be 0.
Returns: HashRef|ArrayRef[Int]
friends_timeline
alias: following_timeline
Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page
Required: *none*
Returns the 20 most recent statuses posted by the authenticating
user and that user's friends. This is the equivalent of /home on the
Web.
Returns: ArrayRef[Status]
friendship_exists
friendship_exists(user_a, user_b)
alias: relationship_exists
alias: follows
Parameters: user_a, user_b
Required: user_a, user_b
Tests for the existence of friendship between two users. Will return
true if user_a follows user_b, otherwise will return false.
Returns: Bool
home_timeline
Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page
Required: *none*
Returns the 20 most recent statuses, including retweets, posted by
the authenticating user and that user's friends. This is the
equivalent of /timeline/home on the Web.
Returns: ArrayRef[Status]
mentions
alias: replies
Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page
Required: *none*
Returns the 20 most recent mentions (statuses containing @username)
for the authenticating user.
Returns: ArrayRef[Status]
new_direct_message
new_direct_message(user, text)
Parameters: user, text, screen_name, user_id
Required: user, text
Sends a new direct message to the specified user from the
authenticating user. Requires both the user and text parameters.
Returns the sent message when successful. In order to support
numeric screen names, the "screen_name" or "user_id" parameters may
be used instead of "user".
Returns: DirectMessage
public_timeline
Parameters: *none*
Required: *none*
Returns the 20 most recent statuses from non-protected users who
have set a custom user icon. Does not require authentication. Note
that the public timeline is cached for 60 seconds so requesting it
more often than that is a waste of resources.
If user credentials are provided, "public_timeline" calls are
authenticated, so they count against the authenticated user's rate
limit. Use "->public_timeline({ authenticate => 0 })" to make an
unauthenticated call which will count against the calling IP
address' rate limit, instead.
Returns: ArrayRef[Status]
rate_limit_status
Parameters: *none*
Required: *none*
Returns the remaining number of API requests available to the
authenticated user before the API limit is reached for the current
hour.
Use "->rate_limit_status({ authenticate => 0 })" to force an
unauthenticated call, which will return the status for the IP
address rather than the authenticated user. (Note: for a web
application, this is the server's IP address.)
Returns: RateLimitStatus
report_spam
report_spam(id)
Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name
Required: id
The user specified in the id is blocked by the authenticated user
and reported as a spammer.
Returns: User
retweet
retweet(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Retweets a tweet. Requires the id parameter of the tweet you are
retweeting. Returns the original tweet with retweet details
embedded.
Returns: Status
retweeted_by_me
Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page
Required: *none*
Returns the 20 most recent retweets posted by the authenticating
user.
Returns: ArrayRef[Status]
retweeted_of_me
Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page
Required: *none*
Returns the 20 most recent tweets of the authenticated user that
have been retweeted by others.
Returns: ArrayRef[Status]
retweeted_to_me
Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page
Required: *none*
Returns the 20 most recent retweets posted by the authenticating
user's friends.
Returns: ArrayRef[Status]
retweets
retweets(id)
Parameters: id, count
Required: id
Returns up to 100 of the first retweets of a given tweet.
Returns: Arrayref[Status]
saved_searches
Parameters: *none*
Required: *none*
Returns the authenticated user's saved search queries.
Returns: ArrayRef[SavedSearch]
sent_direct_messages
Parameters: since_id, max_id, page
Required: *none*
Returns a list of the 20 most recent direct messages sent by the
authenticating user including detailed information about the sending
and recipient users.
Returns: ArrayRef[DirectMessage]
show_friendship
show_friendship(id)
alias: show_relationship
Parameters: source_id, source_screen_name, target_id, target_id_name
Required: id
Returns detailed information about the relationship between two
users.
Returns: Relationship
show_saved_search
show_saved_search(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Retrieve the data for a saved search, by ID, owned by the
authenticating user.
Returns: SavedSearch
show_status
show_status(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Returns a single status, specified by the id parameter. The status's
author will be returned inline.
Returns: Status
show_user
show_user(id)
Parameters: id
Required: id
Returns extended information of a given user, specified by ID or
screen name as per the required id parameter. This information
includes design settings, so third party developers can theme their
widgets according to a given user's preferences. You must be
properly authenticated to request the page of a protected user.
Returns: ExtendedUser
test
Parameters: *none*
Required: *none*
Returns the string "ok" status code.
Returns: Str
update
update(status)
Parameters: status, in_reply_to_status_id
Required: status
Updates the authenticating user's status. Requires the status
parameter specified. A status update with text identical to the
authenticating user's current status will be ignored.
Returns: Status
update_delivery_device
update_delivery_device(device)
Parameters: device
Required: device
Sets which device Twitter delivers updates to for the authenticating
user. Sending none as the device parameter will disable IM or SMS
updates.
Returns: BasicUser
update_profile
Parameters: name, email, url, location, description
Required: *none*
Sets values that users are able to set under the "Account" tab of
their settings page. Only the parameters specified will be updated;
to only update the "name" attribute, for example, only include that
parameter in your request.
Returns: ExtendedUser
update_profile_background_image
update_profile_background_image(image)
Parameters: image
Required: image
Updates the authenticating user's profile background image. The
"image" parameter must be an arrayref with the same interpretation
as the "image" parameter in the "update_profile_image" method. See
that method's documentation for details.
Returns: ExtendedUser
update_profile_colors
Parameters: profile_background_color, profile_text_color,
profile_link_color, profile_sidebar_fill_color,
profile_sidebar_border_color
Required: *none*
Sets one or more hex values that control the color scheme of the
authenticating user's profile page on twitter.com. These values are
also returned in the /users/show API method.
Returns: ExtendedUser
update_profile_image
update_profile_image(image)
Parameters: image
Required: image
Updates the authenticating user's profile image. The "image"
parameter is an arrayref with the following interpretation:
[ $file ]
[ $file, $filename ]
[ $file, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type ]
[ undef, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type, Content => $raw_image_data ]
The first value of the array ($file) is the name of a file to open.
The second value ($filename) is the name given to Twitter for the
file. If $filename is not provided, the basename portion of $file is
used. If $mime_type is not provided, it will be provided
automatically using LWP::MediaTypes::guess_media_type().
$raw_image_data can be provided, rather than opening a file, by
passing "undef" as the first array value.
Returns: ExtendedUser
user_timeline
Parameters: id, user_id, screen_name, since_id, max_id, count, page
Required: *none*
Returns the 20 most recent statuses posted from the authenticating
user. It's also possible to request another user's timeline via the
id parameter. This is the equivalent of the Web /archive page for
your own user, or the profile page for a third party.
Returns: ArrayRef[Status]
verify_credentials
Parameters: *none*
Required: *none*
Returns an HTTP 200 OK response code and a representation of the
requesting user if authentication was successful; returns a 401
status code and an error message if not. Use this method to test if
supplied user credentials are valid.
Returns: ExtendedUser
Search API Methods
search
search(q)
Parameters: q, callback, lang, rpp, page, since_id, geocode,
show_user
Required: q
Returns tweets that match a specified query. You can use a variety
of search operators in your query.
Returns: ArrayRef[Status]
trends
Parameters: *none*
Required: *none*
Returns the top ten queries that are currently trending on Twitter.
The response includes the time of the request, the name of each
trending topic, and the url to the Twitter Search results page for
that topic.
Returns: ArrayRef[Query]
trends_current
trends_current(exclude)
Parameters: exclude
Required: *none*
Returns the current top ten trending topics on Twitter. The response
includes the time of the request, the name of each trending topic,
and query used on Twitter Search results page for that topic.
Returns: HashRef
trends_daily
Parameters: date, exclude
Required: *none*
Returns the top 20 trending topics for each hour in a given day.
Returns: HashRef
trends_weekly
Parameters: date, exclude
Required: *none*
Returns the top 30 trending topics for each day in a given week.
Returns: HashRef
ERROR HANDLING
When "Net::Twitter::Lite" encounters a Twitter API error or a network
error, it throws a "Net::Twitter::Lite::Error" object. You can catch and
process these exceptions by using "eval" blocks and testing $@:
eval {
my $statuses = $nt->friends_timeline(); # this might die!
for my $status ( @$statuses ) {
#...
}
};
if ( $@ ) {
# friends_timeline encountered an error
if ( blessed $@ && $@->isa('Net::Twitter::Lite::Error' ) {
#... use the thrown error obj
warn $@->error;
}
else {
# something bad happened!
die $@;
}
}
"Net::Twitter::Lite::Error" stringifies to something reasonable, so if
you don't need detailed error information, you can simply treat $@ as a
string:
eval { $nt->update($status) };
if ( $@ ) {
warn "update failed because: $@\n";
}
AUTHENTICATION
Net::Twitter::Lite currently supports both Basic Authentication and
OAuth. The choice of authentication strategies is determined by the
options passed to "new" or the use of the "credentials" method. An error
will be thrown if options for both strategies are provided.
BASIC AUTHENTICATION
To use Basic Authentication, pass the "username" and "password" options
to "new", or call "credentials" to set them. When Basic Authentication
is used, the "Authorization" header is set on each authenticated API
call.
OAUTH AUTHENTICATION
To use OAuth authentication, pass the "consumer_key" and
"consumer_secret" options to new.
Net::OAuth::Simple must be installed in order to use OAuth and an error
will be thrown if OAuth is attempted without it. Net::Twitter::Lite does
not *require* Net::OAuth::Simple, making OAuth an optional feature.
OAUTH EXAMPLES
See the "examples" directory included in this distribution for full
working examples using OAuth.
Here's how to authorize users as a desktop app mode:
use Net::Twitter::Lite;
my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(
consumer_key => "YOUR-CONSUMER-KEY",
consumer_secret => "YOUR-CONSUMER-SECRET",
);
# You'll save the token and secret in cookie, config file or session database
my($access_token, $access_token_secret) = restore_tokens();
if ($access_token && $access_token_secret) {
$nt->access_token($access_token);
$nt->access_token_secret($access_token_secret);
}
unless ( $nt->authorized ) {
# The client is not yet authorized: Do it now
print "Authorize this app at ", $nt->get_authorization_url, " and enter the PIN#\n";
my $pin = <STDIN>; # wait for input
chomp $pin;
my($access_token, $access_token_secret, $user_id, $screen_name) =
$nt->request_access_token(verifier => $pin);
save_tokens($access_token, $access_token_secret); # if necessary
}
# Everything's ready
In a web application mode, you need to save the oauth_token and
oauth_token_secret somewhere when you redirect the user to the OAuth
authorization URL.
sub twitter_authorize : Local {
my($self, $c) = @_;
my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(%param);
my $url = $nt->get_authorization_url(callback => $callbackurl);
$c->response->cookies->{oauth} = {
value => {
token => $nt->request_token,
token_secret => $nt->request_token_secret,
},
};
$c->response->redirect($url);
}
And when the user returns back, you'll reset those request token and
secret to upgrade the request token to access token.
sub twitter_auth_callback : Local {
my($self, $c) = @_;
my %cookie = $c->request->cookies->{oauth}->value;
my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(%param);
$nt->request_token($cookie{token});
$nt->request_token_secret($cookie{token_secret});
my($access_token, $access_token_secret, $user_id, $screen_name) =
$nt->request_access_token;
# Save $access_token and $access_token_secret in the database associated with $c->user
}
Later on, you can retrieve and reset those access token and secret
before calling any Twitter API methods.
sub make_tweet : Local {
my($self, $c) = @_;
my($access_token, $access_token_secret) = ...;
my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite->new(%param);
$nt->access_token($access_token);
$nt->access_token_secret($access_token_secret);
# Now you can call any Net::Twitter::Lite API methods on $nt
my $status = $c->req->param('status');
my $res = $nt->update({ status => $status });
}
SEE ALSO
Net::Twitter::Lite::Error
The "Net::Twitter::Lite" exception object.
<http://apiwiki.twitter.com/Twitter-API-Documentation>
This is the official Twitter API documentation. It describes the
methods and their parameters in more detail and may be more current
than the documentation provided with this module.
LWP::UserAgent::POE
This LWP::UserAgent compatible class can be used in POE based
application along with Net::Twitter::Lite to provide concurrent,
non-blocking requests.
SUPPORT
Please report bugs to "bug-net-twitter@rt.cpan.org", or through the web
interface at <https://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=Net-Twitter>.
Join the Net::Twitter IRC channel at <irc://irc.perl.org/net-twitter>.
Follow perl_api: <http://twitter.com/perl_api>.
Track Net::Twitter::Lite development at
<http://github.com/semifor/net-twitter-lite>.
AUTHOR
Marc Mims <marc@questright.com>
LICENSE
Copyright (c) 2009 Marc Mims
The Twitter API itself, and the description text used in this module is:
Copyright (c) 2009 Twitter
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.







