RAG on PostgreSQL

This project creates a web-based chat application with an API backend that can use OpenAI chat models to answer questions about the rows in a PostgreSQL database table. The frontend is built with React and FluentUI, while the backend is written with Python and FastAPI.

This project is designed for deployment to Azure using the Azure Developer CLI, hosting the app on Azure Container Apps, the database in Azure PostgreSQL Flexible Server, and the models in Azure OpenAI.

• Features
• Getting started
  • GitHub Codespaces
  • VS Code Dev Containers
  • Local environment
• Deployment
• Local development
• Costs
• Security guidelines
• Guidance
• Resources

Features

This project provides the following features:

• Hybrid search on the PostgreSQL database table, using the pgvector extension for the vector search plus full text search, combining the results using RRF (Reciprocal Rank Fusion).
• OpenAI function calling to optionally convert user queries into query filter conditions, such as turning "Climbing gear cheaper than $30?" into "WHERE price < 30".
• Conversion of user queries into vectors using the OpenAI embedding API.

Architecture diagram

The deployed app uses a user-assigned managed identity to authenticate to Azure services, and stores logs in Log Analytics.

Getting started

You have a few options for getting started with this template. The quickest way to get started is GitHub Codespaces, since it will setup all the tools for you, but you can also set it up locally.

GitHub Codespaces

You can run this template virtually by using GitHub Codespaces. The button will open a web-based VS Code instance in your browser:

1. Open the template (this may take several minutes):

   

2. Open a terminal window

3. Continue with the deployment steps

VS Code Dev Containers

A related option is VS Code Dev Containers, which will open the project in your local VS Code using the Dev Containers extension:

1. Start Docker Desktop (install it if not already installed)

2. Open the project:

   

3. In the VS Code window that opens, once the project files show up (this may take several minutes), open a terminal window.

4. Continue with the deployment steps

Local Environment

1. Make sure the following tools are installed:

   • Azure Developer CLI (azd)
   • Node.js 18+
   • Python 3.10+
   • PostgreSQL 14+
   • pgvector
   • Docker Desktop
   • Git

2. Download the project code:

   azd init -t rag-postgres-openai-python

3. Open the project folder

4. Install required Python packages and backend application:

   pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
   pip install -e src/backend

5. Continue with the deployment steps

Deployment

Once you've opened the project in Codespaces, Dev Containers, or locally, you can deploy it to Azure.

1. Sign in to your Azure account:

   azd auth login

   For GitHub Codespaces users, if the previous command fails, try:

    azd auth login --use-device-code

2. Create a new azd environment:

   azd env new

   This will create a folder under .azure/ in your project to store the configuration for this deployment. You may have multiple azd environments if desired.

3. (Optional) If you would like to customize the deployment to use existing Azure resources, you can set the values now.

4. Provision the resources and deploy the code:

   azd up

   You will be asked to select two locations, first a region for most of the resources (Container Apps, PostgreSQL), then a region specifically for the Azure OpenAI models. This project uses the gpt-4o-mini and text-embedding-3-large models which may not be available in all Azure regions. Check for up-to-date region availability and select a region accordingly.

Local Development

Setting up the environment file

Since the local app uses OpenAI models, you should first deploy it for the optimal experience.

1. Copy .env.sample into a .env file.

2. To use Azure OpenAI, set OPENAI_CHAT_HOST and OPENAI_EMBED_HOST to "azure". Then fill in the values of AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT and AZURE_OPENAI_CHAT_DEPLOYMENT based on the deployed values. You can display the values using this command:

   azd env get-values

3. To use OpenAI.com OpenAI, set OPENAI_CHAT_HOST and OPENAI_EMBED_HOST to "openai". Then fill in the value for OPENAICOM_KEY.

4. To use Ollama, set OPENAI_CHAT_HOST to "ollama". Then update the values for OLLAMA_ENDPOINT and OLLAMA_CHAT_MODEL to match your local setup and model. We recommend using "llama3.1" for the chat model, since it has support for function calling, and "nomic-embed-text" for the embedding model, since the sample data has already been embedded with this model. If you cannot use function calling, then turn off "Advanced flow" in the Developer Settings. If you cannot use the embedding model, then turn off vector search in the Developer Settings.

Running the frontend and backend

1. Run these commands to install the web app as a local package (named fastapi_app), set up the local database, and seed it with test data:

   python -m pip install -r src/backend/requirements.txt
   python -m pip install -e src/backend
   python ./src/backend/fastapi_app/setup_postgres_database.py
   python ./src/backend/fastapi_app/setup_postgres_seeddata.py

2. Build the frontend:

   cd src/frontend
   npm install
   npm run build
   cd ../../

   There must be an initial build of static assets before running the backend, since the backend serves static files from the src/static directory.

3. Run the FastAPI backend (with hot reloading). This should be run from the root of the project:

   python -m uvicorn fastapi_app:create_app --factory --reload

   Or you can run "Backend" in the VS Code Run & Debug menu.

4. Run the frontend (with hot reloading):

   cd src/frontend
   npm run dev

   Or you can run "Frontend" or "Frontend & Backend" in the VS Code Run & Debug menu.

5. Open the browser at http://localhost:5173/ and you will see the frontend.

Costs

Pricing may vary per region and usage. Exact costs cannot be estimated. You may try the Azure pricing calculator for the resources below:

• Azure Container Apps: Pay-as-you-go tier. Costs based on vCPU and memory used. Pricing
• Azure OpenAI: Standard tier, GPT and Ada models. Pricing per 1K tokens used, and at least 1K tokens are used per question. Pricing
• Azure PostgreSQL Flexible Server: Burstable Tier with 1 CPU core, 32GB storage. Pricing is hourly. Pricing
• Azure Monitor: Pay-as-you-go tier. Costs based on data ingested. Pricing

Security guidelines

This template uses Managed Identity for authenticating to the Azure services used (Azure OpenAI, Azure PostgreSQL Flexible Server).

Additionally, we have added a GitHub Action that scans the infrastructure-as-code files and generates a report containing any detected issues. To ensure continued best practices in your own repository, we recommend that anyone creating solutions based on our templates ensure that the Github secret scanning setting is enabled.

Guidance

Further documentation is available in the docs/ folder:

• Understanding the RAG flow
• Customizing the data
• Deploying with existing resources
• Using Entra auth with PostgreSQL tools
• Monitoring with Azure Monitor
• Load testing
• Quality evaluation
• Safety evaluation

Please post in the issue tracker with any questions or issues.

Resources

• RAGHack livestream: Building RAG with PostgreSQL
• RAG chat with Azure AI Search + Python
• Develop Python apps that use Azure AI services