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        <span>Presto 323 Documentation</span></a></h1>
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<h1>Presto Documentation</h1>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="overview.html">1. Overview</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="overview/use-cases.html">1.1. Use Cases</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="overview/concepts.html">1.2. Presto Concepts</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="installation.html">2. Installation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation/deployment.html">2.1. Deploying Presto</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation/cli.html">2.2. Command Line Interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation/jdbc.html">2.3. JDBC Driver</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation/verifier.html">2.4. Presto Verifier</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation/benchmark-driver.html">2.5. Benchmark Driver</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="installation/tableau.html">2.6. Web Connector for Tableau</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">3. Security</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security/server.html">3.1. Coordinator Kerberos Authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security/cli.html">3.2. CLI Kerberos Authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security/ldap.html">3.3. LDAP Authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security/tls.html">3.4. Java Keystores and Truststores</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security/built-in-system-access-control.html">3.5. Built-in System Access Control</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security/internal-communication.html">3.6. Secure Internal Communication</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="admin.html">4. Administration</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="admin/web-interface.html">4.1. Web Interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="admin/tuning.html">4.2. Tuning Presto</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="admin/properties.html">4.3. Properties Reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="admin/spill.html">4.4. Spill to Disk</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="admin/resource-groups.html">4.5. Resource Groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="admin/session-property-managers.html">4.6. Session Property Managers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="admin/dist-sort.html">4.7. Distributed sort</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="optimizer.html">5. Query Optimizer</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="optimizer/statistics.html">5.1. Table Statistics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="optimizer/cost-in-explain.html">5.2. Cost in EXPLAIN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="optimizer/cost-based-optimizations.html">5.3. Cost based optimizations</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="connector.html">6. Connectors</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/accumulo.html">6.1. Accumulo Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/blackhole.html">6.2. Black Hole Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/cassandra.html">6.3. Cassandra Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/elasticsearch.html">6.4. Elasticsearch Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/googlesheets.html">6.5. Google Sheets Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/hive.html">6.6. Hive Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/hive-gcs-tutorial.html">6.7. Hive Connector GCS Tutorial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/hive-security.html">6.8. Hive Security Configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/jmx.html">6.9. JMX Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/kafka.html">6.10. Kafka Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/kafka-tutorial.html">6.11. Kafka Connector Tutorial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/kinesis.html">6.12. Kinesis Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/kudu.html">6.13. Kudu Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/localfile.html">6.14. Local File Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/memory.html">6.15. Memory Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/mongodb.html">6.16. MongoDB Connector</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/phoenix.html">6.18. Phoenix Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/postgresql.html">6.19. PostgreSQL Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/redis.html">6.20. Redis Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/redshift.html">6.21. Redshift Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/sqlserver.html">6.22. SQL Server Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/system.html">6.23. System Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/thrift.html">6.24. Thrift Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/tpcds.html">6.25. TPCDS Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connector/tpch.html">6.26. TPCH Connector</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html">7. Functions and Operators</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/logical.html">7.1. Logical Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/comparison.html">7.2. Comparison Functions and Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/conditional.html">7.3. Conditional Expressions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/lambda.html">7.4. Lambda Expressions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/conversion.html">7.5. Conversion Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/math.html">7.6. Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/bitwise.html">7.7. Bitwise Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/decimal.html">7.8. Decimal Functions and Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/string.html">7.9. String Functions and Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/regexp.html">7.10. Regular Expression Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/binary.html">7.11. Binary Functions and Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/json.html">7.12. JSON Functions and Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/datetime.html">7.13. Date and Time Functions and Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/aggregate.html">7.14. Aggregate Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/window.html">7.15. Window Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/array.html">7.16. Array Functions and Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/map.html">7.17. Map Functions and Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/url.html">7.18. URL Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/geospatial.html">7.19. Geospatial Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/hyperloglog.html">7.20. HyperLogLog Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/qdigest.html">7.21. Quantile Digest Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/uuid.html">7.22. UUID Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/color.html">7.23. Color Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/session.html">7.24. Session Information</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions/teradata.html">7.25. Teradata Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="language.html">8. SQL Language</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language/types.html">8.1. Data Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language/reserved.html">8.2. Reserved Keywords</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language/timestamp.html">8.3. Legacy and New Timestamp</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sql.html">9. SQL Statement Syntax</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/alter-schema.html">9.1. ALTER SCHEMA</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/alter-table.html">9.2. ALTER TABLE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/analyze.html">9.3. ANALYZE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/call.html">9.4. CALL</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/comment.html">9.5. COMMENT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/commit.html">9.6. COMMIT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/create-role.html">9.7. CREATE ROLE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/create-schema.html">9.8. CREATE SCHEMA</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/create-table.html">9.9. CREATE TABLE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/create-table-as.html">9.10. CREATE TABLE AS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/create-view.html">9.11. CREATE VIEW</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/deallocate-prepare.html">9.12. DEALLOCATE PREPARE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/delete.html">9.13. DELETE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/describe.html">9.14. DESCRIBE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/describe-input.html">9.15. DESCRIBE INPUT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/describe-output.html">9.16. DESCRIBE OUTPUT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/drop-role.html">9.17. DROP ROLE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/drop-schema.html">9.18. DROP SCHEMA</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/drop-table.html">9.19. DROP TABLE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/drop-view.html">9.20. DROP VIEW</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/execute.html">9.21. EXECUTE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/explain.html">9.22. EXPLAIN</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/explain-analyze.html">9.23. EXPLAIN ANALYZE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/grant.html">9.24. GRANT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/grant-roles.html">9.25. GRANT ROLES</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/insert.html">9.26. INSERT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/prepare.html">9.27. PREPARE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/reset-session.html">9.28. RESET SESSION</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/revoke.html">9.29. REVOKE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/revoke-roles.html">9.30. REVOKE ROLES</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/rollback.html">9.31. ROLLBACK</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/select.html">9.32. SELECT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/set-role.html">9.33. SET ROLE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/set-session.html">9.34. SET SESSION</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-catalogs.html">9.35. SHOW CATALOGS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-columns.html">9.36. SHOW COLUMNS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-create-table.html">9.37. SHOW CREATE TABLE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-create-view.html">9.38. SHOW CREATE VIEW</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-functions.html">9.39. SHOW FUNCTIONS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-grants.html">9.40. SHOW GRANTS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-role-grants.html">9.41. SHOW ROLE GRANTS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-roles.html">9.42. SHOW ROLES</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-schemas.html">9.43. SHOW SCHEMAS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-session.html">9.44. SHOW SESSION</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-stats.html">9.45. SHOW STATS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/show-tables.html">9.46. SHOW TABLES</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/start-transaction.html">9.47. START TRANSACTION</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/use.html">9.48. USE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sql/values.html">9.49. VALUES</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="migration.html">10. Migration</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migration/from-hive.html">10.1. Migrating From Hive</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="develop.html">11. Developer Guide</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="develop/spi-overview.html">11.1. SPI Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="develop/connectors.html">11.2. Connectors</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="develop/example-http.html">11.3. Example HTTP Connector</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="develop/types.html">11.4. Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="develop/functions.html">11.5. Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="develop/system-access-control.html">11.6. System Access Control</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="develop/password-authenticator.html">11.7. Password Authenticator</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="develop/event-listener.html">11.8. Event Listener</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="release.html">12. Release Notes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-323.html">12.1. Release 323</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-322.html">12.2. Release 322</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-321.html">12.3. Release 321</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-320.html">12.4. Release 320</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-319.html">12.5. Release 319</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-318.html">12.6. Release 318</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-317.html">12.7. Release 317</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-316.html">12.8. Release 316</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-315.html">12.9. Release 315</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-314.html">12.10. Release 314</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-313.html">12.11. Release 313</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-312.html">12.12. Release 312</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-311.html">12.13. Release 311</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-310.html">12.14. Release 310</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-309.html">12.15. Release 309</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-308.html">12.16. Release 308</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-307.html">12.17. Release 307</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-306.html">12.18. Release 306</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-305.html">12.19. Release 305</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-304.html">12.20. Release 304</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-303.html">12.21. Release 303</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-302.html">12.22. Release 302</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-301.html">12.23. Release 301</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-300.html">12.24. Release 300</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-0.215.html">12.25. Release 0.215</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-0.214.html">12.26. Release 0.214</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-0.213.html">12.27. Release 0.213</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-0.212.html">12.28. Release 0.212</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-0.211.html">12.29. Release 0.211</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-0.210.html">12.30. Release 0.210</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="release/release-0.209.html">12.31. Release 0.209</a></li>
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