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<h1 id="connector-postgresql--page-root">PostgreSQL Connector<a class="headerlink" href="#connector-postgresql--page-root" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
<p>The PostgreSQL connector allows querying and creating tables in an
external <a class="reference external" href="https://www.postgresql.org/">PostgreSQL</a> database. This can be used to join data between
different systems like PostgreSQL and Hive, or between different
PostgreSQL instances.</p>
<h2 id="configuration">Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>To configure the PostgreSQL connector, create a catalog properties file
in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/catalog</span></code> named, for example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">postgresql.properties</span></code>, to
mount the PostgreSQL connector as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">postgresql</span></code> catalog.
Create the file with the following contents, replacing the
connection properties as appropriate for your setup:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>connector.name=postgresql
connection-url=jdbc:postgresql://example.net:5432/database
connection-user=root
connection-password=secret
</pre></div>
</div>
<h3 id="multiple-postgresql-databases-or-servers">Multiple PostgreSQL Databases or Servers<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-postgresql-databases-or-servers" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>The PostgreSQL connector can only access a single database within
a PostgreSQL server. Thus, if you have multiple PostgreSQL databases,
or want to connect to multiple PostgreSQL servers, you must configure
multiple instances of the PostgreSQL connector.</p>
<p>To add another catalog, simply add another properties file to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/catalog</span></code>
with a different name, making sure it ends in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.properties</span></code>. For example,
if you name the property file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sales.properties</span></code>, Presto creates a
catalog named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sales</span></code> using the configured connector.</p>
<h2 id="decimal-type-handling">Decimal Type Handling<a class="headerlink" href="#decimal-type-handling" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL</span></code> types with precision larger than 38 can be mapped to a Presto <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL</span></code>
by setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal-mapping</span></code> configuration property or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal_mapping</span></code> session property to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">allow_overflow</span></code>. The scale of the resulting type is controlled via the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal-default-scale</span></code>
configuration property or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal-rounding-mode</span></code> session property. The precision is always 38.</p>
<p>By default, values that require rounding or truncation to fit will cause a failure at runtime. This behavior
is controlled via the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal-rounding-mode</span></code> configuration property or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">decimal_rounding_mode</span></code> session
property, which can be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UNNECESSARY</span></code> (the default),
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UP</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOWN</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CEILING</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLOOR</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HALF_UP</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HALF_DOWN</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HALF_EVEN</span></code>
(see <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.base/java/math/RoundingMode.html#enum.constant.summary">RoundingMode</a>).</p>
<h2 id="array-type-handling">Array Type Handling<a class="headerlink" href="#array-type-handling" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>The PostgreSQL array implementation does not support fixed dimensions whereas Presto
support only arrays with fixed dimensions.
You can configure how the PostgreSQL connector handles arrays with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">postgresql.array-mapping</span></code> configuration property in your catalog file
or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array_mapping</span></code> session property.
The following values are accepted for this property:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DISABLED</span></code> (default): array columns are skipped.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AS_ARRAY</span></code>: array columns are interpreted as Presto <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ARRAY</span></code> type, for array columns with fixed dimensions.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AS_JSON</span></code>: array columns are interpreted as Presto <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> type, with no constraint on dimensions.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="querying-postgresql">Querying PostgreSQL<a class="headerlink" href="#querying-postgresql" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>The PostgreSQL connector provides a schema for every PostgreSQL schema.
You can see the available PostgreSQL schemas by running <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SHOW</span> <span class="pre">SCHEMAS</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span> <span class="n">SCHEMAS</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">postgresql</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you have a PostgreSQL schema named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">web</span></code>, you can view the tables
in this schema by running <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SHOW</span> <span class="pre">TABLES</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span> <span class="n">TABLES</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">postgresql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can see a list of the columns in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clicks</span></code> table in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">web</span></code> database
using either of the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">DESCRIBE</span> <span class="n">postgresql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clicks</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">SHOW</span> <span class="n">COLUMNS</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">postgresql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clicks</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Finally, you can access the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clicks</span></code> table in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">web</span></code> schema:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">postgresql</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">web</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clicks</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you used a different name for your catalog properties file, use
that catalog name instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">postgresql</span></code> in the above examples.</p>
<h2 id="postgresql-connector-limitations">PostgreSQL Connector Limitations<a class="headerlink" href="#postgresql-connector-limitations" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>The following SQL statements are not yet supported:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/delete.html"><span class="doc">DELETE</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/grant.html"><span class="doc">GRANT</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/revoke.html"><span class="doc">REVOKE</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/show-grants.html"><span class="doc">SHOW GRANTS</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/show-roles.html"><span class="doc">SHOW ROLES</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/show-role-grants.html"><span class="doc">SHOW ROLE GRANTS</span></a></p></li>
</ul>
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