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<h1 id="security-server--page-root">Coordinator Kerberos Authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#security-server--page-root" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
<p>Presto can be configured to enable Kerberos authentication over HTTPS for
clients, such as the <a class="reference internal" href="cli.html"><span class="doc">Presto CLI</span></a>, or the JDBC and ODBC
drivers.</p>
<p>To enable Kerberos authentication for Presto, configuration changes are made on
the Presto coordinator. No changes are required to the worker configuration.
The worker nodes continue to connect to the coordinator over
unauthenticated HTTP. However, if you want to secure the communication between
Presto nodes with SSL/TLS, configure <a class="reference internal" href="internal-communication.html"><span class="doc">Secure Internal Communication</span></a>.</p>

<h2 id="environment-configuration">Environment Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#environment-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<span id="server-kerberos-services"></span><h3 id="kerberos-services">Kerberos Services<a class="headerlink" href="#kerberos-services" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>You will need a Kerberos <abbr title="Key Distribution Center">KDC</abbr> running on a
node that the Presto coordinator can reach over the network. The KDC is
responsible for authenticating principals and issuing session keys that can be
used with Kerberos-enabled services. KDCs typically run on port 88, which is
the IANA-assigned port for Kerberos.</p>


<span id="server-kerberos-configuration"></span><h3 id="mit-kerberos-configuration">MIT Kerberos Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#mit-kerberos-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Kerberos needs to be configured on the Presto coordinator. At a minimum, there needs
to be a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">kdc</span></code> entry in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[realms]</span></code> section of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/krb5.conf</span></code>
file. You may also want to include an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">admin_server</span></code> entry and ensure that
the Presto coordinator can reach the Kerberos admin server on port 749.</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[realms]
  PRESTO.EXAMPLE.COM = {
    kdc = kdc.example.com
    admin_server = kdc.example.com
  }

[domain_realm]
  .presto.example.com = PRESTO.EXAMPLE.COM
  presto.example.com = PRESTO.EXAMPLE.COM
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The complete <a class="reference external" href="http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-latest/doc/admin/conf_files/kdc_conf.html">documentation</a>
for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">krb5.conf</span></code> is hosted by the MIT Kerberos Project. If you are using a
different implementation of the Kerberos protocol, you will need to adapt the
configuration to your environment.</p>


<span id="server-kerberos-principals"></span><h3 id="kerberos-principals-and-keytab-files">Kerberos Principals and Keytab Files<a class="headerlink" href="#kerberos-principals-and-keytab-files" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>The Presto coordinator needs a Kerberos principal, as do users who are going to
connect to the Presto coordinator. You need to create these users in
Kerberos using <a class="reference external" href="http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-latest/doc/admin/admin_commands/kadmin_local.html">kadmin</a>.</p>
<p>In addition, the Presto coordinator needs a <a class="reference external" href="http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-devel/doc/basic/keytab_def.html">keytab file</a>. After you create the principal, you can create the keytab file using <strong class="command">kadmin</strong></p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>kadmin
&gt; addprinc -randkey presto@EXAMPLE.COM
&gt; addprinc -randkey presto/presto-coordinator.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
&gt; ktadd -k /etc/presto/presto.keytab presto@EXAMPLE.COM
&gt; ktadd -k /etc/presto/presto.keytab presto/presto-coordinator.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Running <strong class="command">ktadd</strong> randomizes the principal’s keys. If you have just
created the principal, this does not matter. If the principal already exists,
and if existing users or services rely on being able to authenticate using a
password or a keytab, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-norandkey</span></code> option to <strong class="command">ktadd</strong>.</p>
</div>


<h3 id="java-keystore-file-for-tls">Java Keystore File for TLS<a class="headerlink" href="#java-keystore-file-for-tls" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>When using Kerberos authentication, access to the Presto coordinator should be
through HTTPS. You can do it by creating a <a class="reference internal" href="tls.html#server-java-keystore"><span class="std std-ref">Java Keystore File for TLS</span></a> on the
coordinator.</p>


<h2 id="system-access-control-plugin">System Access Control Plugin<a class="headerlink" href="#system-access-control-plugin" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>A Presto coordinator with Kerberos enabled probably needs a
<a class="reference internal" href="../develop/system-access-control.html"><span class="doc">System Access Control</span></a> plugin to achieve
the desired level of security.</p>


<h2 id="presto-coordinator-node-configuration">Presto Coordinator Node Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#presto-coordinator-node-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>You must make the above changes to the environment prior to configuring the
Presto coordinator to use Kerberos authentication and HTTPS. After making the
following environment changes, you can make the changes to the Presto
configuration files.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#server-kerberos-services"><span class="std std-ref">Kerberos Services</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#server-kerberos-configuration"><span class="std std-ref">MIT Kerberos Configuration</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#server-kerberos-principals"><span class="std std-ref">Kerberos Principals and Keytab Files</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="tls.html#server-java-keystore"><span class="std std-ref">Java Keystore File for TLS</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../develop/system-access-control.html"><span class="doc">System Access Control Plugin</span></a></p></li>
</ul>

<h3 id="config-properties">config.properties<a class="headerlink" href="#config-properties" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Kerberos authentication is configured in the coordinator node’s
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config.properties</span></code> file. The entries that need to be added are listed below.</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>http-server.authentication.type=KERBEROS

http-server.authentication.krb5.service-name=presto
http-server.authentication.krb5.principal-hostname=presto.prestosql.io
http-server.authentication.krb5.keytab=/etc/presto/presto.keytab
http.authentication.krb5.config=/etc/krb5.conf

http-server.https.enabled=true
http-server.https.port=7778

http-server.https.keystore.path=/etc/presto_keystore.jks
http-server.https.keystore.key=keystore_password

node.internal-address-source=FQDN
</pre></div>
</div>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 51%"/>
<col style="width: 49%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Property</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.authentication.type</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Authentication type for the Presto
coordinator. Must be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KERBEROS</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.authentication.krb5.service-name</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The Kerberos service name for the Presto coordinator.
Must match the Kerberos principal.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.authentication.krb5.principal-hostname</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The Kerberos hostname for the Presto coordinator.
Must match the Kerberos principal. This parameter is
optional. If included, Presto uses this value
in the host part of the Kerberos principal instead
of the machine’s hostname.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.authentication.krb5.keytab</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The location of the keytab that can be used to
authenticate the Kerberos principal.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http.authentication.krb5.config</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The location of the Kerberos configuration file.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.https.enabled</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Enables HTTPS access for the Presto coordinator.
Should be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.https.port</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>HTTPS server port.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.https.keystore.path</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The location of the Java Keystore file that is
used to secure TLS.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.https.keystore.key</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The password for the keystore. This must match the
password you specified when creating the keystore.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.authentication.krb5.user-mapping.pattern</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Regex to match against user.  If matched, user will be
replaced with first regex group. If not matched,
authentication is denied.  Default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(.*)</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.authentication.krb5.user-mapping.file</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>File containing rules for mapping user.  See
<a class="reference internal" href="user-mapping.html"><span class="doc">User Mapping</span></a> for more information.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">node.internal-address-source</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Kerberos is typically sensitive to DNS names. Setting
this property to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FQDN</span></code> ensures correct
operation and usage of valid DNS host names.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Monitor the CPU usage on the Presto coordinator after enabling HTTPS. Java
prefers the more CPU-intensive cipher suites, if you allow it to choose from
a big list. If the CPU usage is unacceptably high after enabling HTTPS,
you can configure Java to use specific cipher suites by setting
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.https.included-cipher</span></code> property to only allow
cheap ciphers. Non forward secrecy (FS) ciphers are disabled by default.
As a result, if you want to choose non FS ciphers, you need to set the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.https.excluded-cipher</span></code> property to an empty list in order to
override the default exclusions.</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>http-server.https.included-cipher=TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256
http-server.https.excluded-cipher=
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The Java documentation lists the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/security/oracle-providers.html#GUID-7093246A-31A3-4304-AC5F-5FB6400405E2__SUNJSSE_CIPHER_SUITES">supported cipher suites</a>.</p>
</div>


<h3 id="access-controls-properties">access-controls.properties<a class="headerlink" href="#access-controls-properties" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>At a minimum, an <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">access-control.properties</span></code> file must contain an
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">access-control.name</span></code> property.  All other configuration is specific
for the implementation being configured.
See <a class="reference internal" href="../develop/system-access-control.html"><span class="doc">System Access Control</span></a> for details.</p>


<span id="coordinator-troubleshooting"></span><h2 id="user-mapping">User Mapping<a class="headerlink" href="#user-mapping" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>After authenticating with Kerberos, the Presto server receives the user’s principal which is typically similar to
an email address.  For example, when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">alice</span></code> logs in in Presto might receive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">alice@example.com</span></code>.  By default,
Presto will use the full Kerberos principal name, but this can be mapped to a shorter name using a user-mapping
pattern.  For simple mapping rules, the  <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.authentication.krb5.user-mapping.pattern</span></code> configuration
property can be set to a Java regular expression, and Presto will use the value of the first matcher group.  If the
regular expression does not match, the authentication is denied.  For more complex user-mapping rules, see
<a class="reference internal" href="user-mapping.html"><span class="doc">User Mapping</span></a>.</p>


<h2 id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>Getting Kerberos authentication working can be challenging. You can
independently verify some of the configuration outside of Presto, to help narrow
your focus when trying to solve a problem.</p>

<h3 id="kerberos-verification">Kerberos Verification<a class="headerlink" href="#kerberos-verification" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Ensure that you can connect to the KDC from the Presto coordinator using
<strong class="command">telnet</strong>.</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ telnet kdc.example.com 88
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Verify that the keytab file can be used to successfully obtain a ticket using
<a class="reference external" href="http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-1.12/doc/user/user_commands/kinit.html">kinit</a> and
<a class="reference external" href="http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-1.12/doc/user/user_commands/klist.html">klist</a></p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ kinit -kt /etc/presto/presto.keytab presto@EXAMPLE.COM
$ klist
</pre></div>
</div>


<h3 id="java-keystore-file-verification">Java Keystore File Verification<a class="headerlink" href="#java-keystore-file-verification" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Verify the password for a keystore file and view its contents using
<a class="reference internal" href="tls.html#troubleshooting-keystore"><span class="std std-ref">Java Keystore File Verification</span></a></p>


<h3 id="additional-kerberos-debugging-information">Additional Kerberos Debugging Information<a class="headerlink" href="#additional-kerberos-debugging-information" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>You can enable additional Kerberos debugging information for the Presto
coordinator process by adding the following lines to the Presto <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jvm.config</span></code>
file</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>-Dsun.security.krb5.debug=true
-Dlog.enable-console=true
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-Dsun.security.krb5.debug=true</span></code> enables Kerberos debugging output from the
JRE Kerberos libraries. The debugging output goes to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stdout</span></code>, which Presto
redirects to the logging system. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-Dlog.enable-console=true</span></code> enables output
to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stdout</span></code> to appear in the logs.</p>
<p>The amount and usefulness of the information the Kerberos debugging output
sends to the logs varies depending on where the authentication is failing.
Exception messages and stack traces can provide useful clues about the
nature of the problem.</p>


<span id="server-additional-resources"></span><h3 id="additional-resources">Additional resources<a class="headerlink" href="#additional-resources" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/816-4557/trouble-6/index.html">Common Kerberos Error Messages (A-M)</a></p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/816-4557/trouble-27/index.html">Common Kerberos Error Messages (N-Z)</a></p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-latest/doc/admin/troubleshoot.html">MIT Kerberos Documentation: Troubleshooting</a></p>


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