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        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#floating-point" class="md-nav__link">Floating-point</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#real" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REAL</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#double" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#fixed-precision" class="md-nav__link">Fixed-precision</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#decimal" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#string" class="md-nav__link">String</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#varchar" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#char" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHAR</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#varbinary" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARBINARY</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#json" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#date-and-time" class="md-nav__link">Date and time</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#date" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATE</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#time" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#time-p" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME(P)</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#time-with-time-zone" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">WITH</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#timestamp" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#timestamp-p" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(P)</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#timestamp-with-time-zone" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="pre">WITH</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#timestamp-p-with-time-zone" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(P)</span> <span class="pre">WITH</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#interval-year-to-month" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTERVAL</span> <span class="pre">YEAR</span> <span class="pre">TO</span> <span class="pre">MONTH</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#interval-day-to-second" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTERVAL</span> <span class="pre">DAY</span> <span class="pre">TO</span> <span class="pre">SECOND</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#structural" class="md-nav__link">Structural</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#array" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ARRAY</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#map" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAP</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#row" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ROW</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#network-address" class="md-nav__link">Network address</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#ipaddress" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPADDRESS</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#uuid" class="md-nav__link">UUID</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#uuid-type" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UUID</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#hyperloglog" class="md-nav__link">HyperLogLog</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#hyperloglog-type" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HyperLogLog</span></code></a>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#p4hyperloglog" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">P4HyperLogLog</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#setdigest" class="md-nav__link">SetDigest</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#setdigest-type" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SetDigest</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#quantile-digest" class="md-nav__link">Quantile digest</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#qdigest" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QDigest</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#t-digest" class="md-nav__link">T-Digest</a><nav class="md-nav">
                <ul class="md-nav__list">
        <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#tdigest" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TDigest</span></code></a>
        </li></ul>
            </nav>
        </li>
    </ul>
</nav>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        
        <div class="md-content">
          <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset" role="main">
            
  
<h1 id="language-types--page-root">Data types<a class="headerlink" href="#language-types--page-root" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
<p>Trino has a set of built-in data types, described below.
Additional types can be provided by plugins.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Connectors are not required to support all types.
See connector documentation for details on supported types.</p>
</div>

<span id="boolean-data-types"></span><h2 id="boolean">Boolean<a class="headerlink" href="#boolean" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<h3 id="id1"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BOOLEAN</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>This type captures boolean values <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code>.</p>


<span id="integer-data-types"></span><h2 id="integer">Integer<a class="headerlink" href="#integer" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<h3 id="tinyint"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TINYINT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tinyint" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A 8-bit signed two’s complement integer with a minimum value of
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-2^7</span></code> and a maximum value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2^7</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>.</p>


<h3 id="smallint"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMALLINT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#smallint" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A 16-bit signed two’s complement integer with a minimum value of
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-2^15</span></code> and a maximum value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2^15</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>.</p>


<h3 id="id2"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTEGER</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A 32-bit signed two’s complement integer with a minimum value of
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-2^31</span></code> and a maximum value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2^31</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>.  The name <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INT</span></code> is
also available for this type.</p>


<h3 id="bigint"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIGINT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#bigint" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A 64-bit signed two’s complement integer with a minimum value of
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-2^63</span></code> and a maximum value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2^63</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>.</p>


<span id="floating-point-data-types"></span><h2 id="floating-point">Floating-point<a class="headerlink" href="#floating-point" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<h3 id="real"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REAL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#real" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A real is a 32-bit inexact, variable-precision implementing the
IEEE Standard 754 for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.</p>
<p>Example literals: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REAL</span> <span class="pre">'10.3'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REAL</span> <span class="pre">'10.3e0'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REAL</span> <span class="pre">'1.03e1'</span></code></p>


<h3 id="double"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#double" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A double is a 64-bit inexact, variable-precision implementing the
IEEE Standard 754 for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.</p>
<p>Example literals: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span> <span class="pre">'10.3'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span> <span class="pre">'1.03e1'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">10.3e0</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1.03e1</span></code></p>


<span id="fixed-precision-data-types"></span><h2 id="fixed-precision">Fixed-precision<a class="headerlink" href="#fixed-precision" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<h3 id="decimal"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#decimal" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A fixed precision decimal number. Precision up to 38 digits is supported
but performance is best up to 18 digits.</p>
<p>The decimal type takes two literal parameters:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>precision</strong> - total number of digits</p></li>
<li><p><strong>scale</strong> - number of digits in fractional part. Scale is optional and defaults to 0.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Example type definitions: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL(10,3)</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL(20)</span></code></p>
<p>Example literals: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL</span> <span class="pre">'10.3'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL</span> <span class="pre">'1234567890'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1.1</span></code></p>


<span id="string-data-types"></span><h2 id="string">String<a class="headerlink" href="#string" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<h3 id="varchar"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#varchar" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Variable length character data with an optional maximum length.</p>
<p>Example type definitions: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">varchar</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">varchar(20)</span></code></p>
<p>SQL statements support simple literal, as well as Unicode usage:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>literal string : <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Hello</span> <span class="pre">winter</span> <span class="pre">!'</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Unicode string with default escape character: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">U&amp;'Hello</span> <span class="pre">winter</span> <span class="pre">\2603</span> <span class="pre">!'</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Unicode string with custom escape character: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">U&amp;'Hello</span> <span class="pre">winter</span> <span class="pre">#2603</span> <span class="pre">!'</span> <span class="pre">UESCAPE</span> <span class="pre">'#'</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
<p>A Unicode string is prefixed with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">U&amp;</span></code> and requires an escape character
before any Unicode character usage with 4 digits. In the examples above
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\2603</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">#2603</span></code> represent a snowman character. Long Unicode codes
with 6 digits require usage of the plus symbol before the code. For example,
you need to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\+01F600</span></code> for a grinning face emoji.</p>


<h3 id="char"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHAR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#char" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Fixed length character data. A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHAR</span></code> type without length specified has a default length of 1.
A <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHAR(x)</span></code> value always has <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x</span></code> characters. For instance, casting <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dog</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHAR(7)</span></code>
adds 4 implicit trailing spaces. Leading and trailing spaces are included in comparisons of
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHAR</span></code> values. As a result, two character values with different lengths (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHAR(x)</span></code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHAR(y)</span></code> where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">y</span></code>) will never be equal.</p>
<p>Example type definitions: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">char(20)</span></code></p>


<h3 id="varbinary"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARBINARY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#varbinary" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Variable length binary data.</p>
<p>SQL statements support usage of binary data with the prefix <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code>. The
binary data has to use hexadecimal format. For example, the binary form of
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eh?</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X'65683F'</span></code>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Binary strings with length are not yet supported: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">varbinary(n)</span></code></p>
</div>


<h3 id="json"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#json" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>JSON value type, which can be a JSON object, a JSON array, a JSON number, a JSON string,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">null</span></code>.</p>


<span id="date-time-data-types"></span><h2 id="date-and-time">Date and time<a class="headerlink" href="#date-and-time" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>See also <a class="reference internal" href="../functions/datetime.html"><span class="doc">Date and time functions and operators</span></a></p>

<h3 id="date"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#date" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Calendar date (year, month, day).</p>
<p>Example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATE</span> <span class="pre">'2001-08-22'</span></code></p>


<h3 id="time"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#time" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME</span></code> is an alias for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME(3)</span></code> (millisecond precision).</p>


<h3 id="time-p"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME(P)</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#time-p" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Time of day (hour, minute, second) without a time zone with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">P</span></code> digits of precision
for the fraction of seconds. A precision of up to 12 (picoseconds) is supported.</p>
<p>Example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">'01:02:03.456'</span></code></p>


<h3 id="time-with-time-zone"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">WITH</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#time-with-time-zone" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Time of day (hour, minute, second, millisecond) with a time zone.
Values of this type are rendered using the time zone from the value.
Time zones are expressed as the numeric UTC offset value:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">TIME</span> <span class="s1">'01:02:03.456 -08:00'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">-- 1:02:03.456-08:00</span>
</pre></div>
</div>


<span id="timestamp-data-type"></span><h3 id="timestamp"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#timestamp" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP</span></code> is an alias for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(3)</span></code> (millisecond precision).</p>


<h3 id="timestamp-p"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(P)</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#timestamp-p" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Calendar date and time of day without a time zone with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">P</span></code> digits of precision
for the fraction of seconds. A precision of up to 12 (picoseconds) is supported.
This type is effectively a combination of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATE</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME(P)</span></code> types.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(P)</span> <span class="pre">WITHOUT</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code> is an equivalent name.</p>
<p>Timestamp values can be constructed with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP</span></code> literal
expression. Alternatively, language constructs such as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtimestamp(p)</span></code>, or a number of <a class="reference internal" href="../functions/datetime.html"><span class="doc">date and time functions and
operators</span></a> can return timestamp values.</p>
<p>Casting to lower precision causes the value to be rounded, and not
truncated. Casting to higher precision appends zeros for the additional
digits.</p>
<p>The following examples illustrate the behavior:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="s1">'2020-06-10 15:55:23'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">-- 2020-06-10 15:55:23</span>

<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="s1">'2020-06-10 15:55:23.383345'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">-- 2020-06-10 15:55:23.383345</span>

<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">typeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="s1">'2020-06-10 15:55:23.383345'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">-- timestamp(6)</span>

<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="s1">'2020-06-10 15:55:23.383345'</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">));</span>
 <span class="c1">-- 2020-06-10 15:55:23.4</span>

<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="s1">'2020-06-10 15:55:23.383345'</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="c1">-- 2020-06-10 15:55:23.383345000000</span>
</pre></div>
</div>


<span id="timestamp-with-time-zone-data-type"></span><h3 id="timestamp-with-time-zone"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="pre">WITH</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#timestamp-with-time-zone" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="pre">WITH</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code> is an alias for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(3)</span> <span class="pre">WITH</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code>
(millisecond precision).</p>


<h3 id="timestamp-p-with-time-zone"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(P)</span> <span class="pre">WITH</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#timestamp-p-with-time-zone" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Instant in time that includes the date and time of day with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">P</span></code> digits of
precision for the fraction of seconds and with a time zone. Values of this
type are rendered using the time zone from the value.
Time zones are expressed as the numeric UTC offset value:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="s1">'2001-08-22 03:04:05.321 -08:00'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">-- 2001-08-22 03:04:05.321-08:00</span>
</pre></div>
</div>


<h3 id="interval-year-to-month"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTERVAL</span> <span class="pre">YEAR</span> <span class="pre">TO</span> <span class="pre">MONTH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#interval-year-to-month" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Span of years and months.</p>
<p>Example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTERVAL</span> <span class="pre">'3'</span> <span class="pre">MONTH</span></code></p>


<h3 id="interval-day-to-second"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTERVAL</span> <span class="pre">DAY</span> <span class="pre">TO</span> <span class="pre">SECOND</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#interval-day-to-second" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Span of days, hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds.</p>
<p>Example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTERVAL</span> <span class="pre">'2'</span> <span class="pre">DAY</span></code></p>


<span id="structural-data-types"></span><h2 id="structural">Structural<a class="headerlink" href="#structural" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<span id="array-type"></span><h3 id="array"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ARRAY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#array" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>An array of the given component type.</p>
<p>Example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ARRAY[1,</span> <span class="pre">2,</span> <span class="pre">3]</span></code></p>


<span id="map-type"></span><h3 id="map"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAP</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#map" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A map between the given component types.</p>
<p>Example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAP(ARRAY['foo',</span> <span class="pre">'bar'],</span> <span class="pre">ARRAY[1,</span> <span class="pre">2])</span></code></p>


<span id="row-type"></span><h3 id="row"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ROW</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#row" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A structure made up of fields that allows mixed types.
The fields may be of any SQL type.</p>
<p>By default, row fields are not named, but names can be assigned.</p>
<p>Example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CAST(ROW(1,</span> <span class="pre">2e0)</span> <span class="pre">AS</span> <span class="pre">ROW(x</span> <span class="pre">BIGINT,</span> <span class="pre">y</span> <span class="pre">DOUBLE))</span></code></p>
<p>Named row fields are accessed with field reference operator (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code>).</p>
<p>Example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CAST(ROW(1,</span> <span class="pre">2.0)</span> <span class="pre">AS</span> <span class="pre">ROW(x</span> <span class="pre">BIGINT,</span> <span class="pre">y</span> <span class="pre">DOUBLE)).x</span></code></p>
<p>Named or unnamed row fields are accessed by position with the subscript
operator (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[]</span></code>). The position starts at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> and must be a constant.</p>
<p>Example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ROW(1,</span> <span class="pre">2.0)[1]</span></code></p>


<h2 id="network-address">Network address<a class="headerlink" href="#network-address" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<span id="ipaddress-type"></span><h3 id="ipaddress"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPADDRESS</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddress" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>An IP address that can represent either an IPv4 or IPv6 address. Internally,
the type is a pure IPv6 address. Support for IPv4 is handled using the
<em>IPv4-mapped IPv6 address</em> range (<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291.html#section-2.5.5.2"><strong>RFC 4291#section-2.5.5.2</strong></a>).
When creating an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPADDRESS</span></code>, IPv4 addresses will be mapped into that range.
When formatting an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPADDRESS</span></code>, any address within the mapped range will
be formatted as an IPv4 address. Other addresses will be formatted as IPv6
using the canonical format defined in <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952.html"><strong>RFC 5952</strong></a>.</p>
<p>Examples: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPADDRESS</span> <span class="pre">'10.0.0.1'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPADDRESS</span> <span class="pre">'2001:db8::1'</span></code></p>


<h2 id="uuid">UUID<a class="headerlink" href="#uuid" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<span id="id3"></span><h3 id="uuid-type"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UUID</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid-type" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>This type represents a UUID (Universally Unique IDentifier), also known as a
GUID (Globally Unique IDentifier), using the format defined in <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122.html"><strong>RFC 4122</strong></a>.</p>
<p>Example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UUID</span> <span class="pre">'12151fd2-7586-11e9-8f9e-2a86e4085a59'</span></code></p>


<h2 id="hyperloglog">HyperLogLog<a class="headerlink" href="#hyperloglog" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>Calculating the approximate distinct count can be done much more cheaply than an exact count using the
<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperLogLog">HyperLogLog</a> data sketch. See <a class="reference internal" href="../functions/hyperloglog.html"><span class="doc">HyperLogLog functions</span></a>.</p>

<span id="id5"></span><h3 id="hyperloglog-type"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HyperLogLog</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#hyperloglog-type" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A HyperLogLog sketch allows efficient computation of <a class="reference internal" href="../functions/aggregate.html#approx_distinct" title="approx_distinct"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">approx_distinct()</span></code></a>. It starts as a
sparse representation, switching to a dense representation when it becomes more efficient.</p>


<span id="p4hyperloglog-type"></span><h3 id="p4hyperloglog"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">P4HyperLogLog</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#p4hyperloglog" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A P4HyperLogLog sketch is similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#hyperloglog-type"><span class="std std-ref">HyperLogLog</span></a>, but it starts (and remains)
in the dense representation.</p>


<h2 id="setdigest">SetDigest<a class="headerlink" href="#setdigest" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<span id="id6"></span><h3 id="setdigest-type"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SetDigest</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#setdigest-type" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A SetDigest (setdigest) is a data sketch structure used
in calculating <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index">Jaccard similarity coefficient</a>
between two sets.</p>
<p>SetDigest encapsulates the following components:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperLogLog">HyperLogLog</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MinHash#Variant_with_a_single_hash_function">MinHash with a single hash function</a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>The HyperLogLog structure is used for the approximation of the distinct elements
in the original set.</p>
<p>The MinHash structure is used to store a low memory footprint signature of the original set.
The similarity of any two sets is estimated by comparing their signatures.</p>
<p>SetDigests are additive, meaning they can be merged together.</p>


<h2 id="quantile-digest">Quantile digest<a class="headerlink" href="#quantile-digest" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<span id="qdigest-type"></span><h3 id="qdigest"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QDigest</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#qdigest" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A quantile digest (qdigest) is a summary structure which captures the approximate
distribution of data for a given input set, and can be queried to retrieve approximate
quantile values from the distribution.  The level of accuracy for a qdigest
is tunable, allowing for more precise results at the expense of space.</p>
<p>A qdigest can be used to give approximate answer to queries asking for what value
belongs at a certain quantile.  A useful property of qdigests is that they are
additive, meaning they can be merged together without losing precision.</p>
<p>A qdigest may be helpful whenever the partial results of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">approx_percentile</span></code>
can be reused.  For example, one may be interested in a daily reading of the 99th
percentile values that are read over the course of a week.  Instead of calculating
the past week of data with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">approx_percentile</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qdigest</span></code>s could be stored
daily, and quickly merged to retrieve the 99th percentile value.</p>


<h2 id="t-digest">T-Digest<a class="headerlink" href="#t-digest" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<span id="tdigest-type"></span><h3 id="tdigest"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TDigest</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tdigest" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>A T-digest (tdigest) is a summary structure which, similarly to qdigest, captures the
approximate distribution of data for a given input set. It can be queried to retrieve
approximate quantile values from the distribution.</p>
<p>TDigest has the following advantages compared to QDigest:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>higher performance</p></li>
<li><p>lower memory usage</p></li>
<li><p>higher accuracy at high and low percentiles</p></li>
</ul>
<p>T-digests are additive, meaning they can be merged together.</p>


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