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<h1 id="connector-mysql--page-root">MySQL connector<a class="headerlink" href="#connector-mysql--page-root" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>
<p>The MySQL connector allows querying and creating tables in an external
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.mysql.com/">MySQL</a> instance. This can be used to join data between different
systems like MySQL and Hive, or between two different MySQL instances.</p>
<h2 id="requirements">Requirements<a class="headerlink" href="#requirements" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>To connect to MySQL, you need:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>MySQL 5.7, 8.0 or higher.</p></li>
<li><p>Network access from the Trino coordinator and workers to MySQL.
Port 3306 is the default port.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="configuration">Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>To configure the MySQL connector, create a catalog properties file
in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/catalog</span></code> named, for example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mysql.properties</span></code>, to
mount the MySQL connector as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mysql</span></code> catalog.
Create the file with the following contents, replacing the
connection properties as appropriate for your setup:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>connector.name=mysql
connection-url=jdbc:mysql://example.net:3306
connection-user=root
connection-password=secret
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-url</span></code> defines the connection information and parameters to pass
to the MySQL JDBC driver. The supported parameters for the URL are
available in the <a class="reference external" href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-j/8.0/en/">MySQL Developer Guide</a>.</p>
<p>For example, the following <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-url</span></code> allows you to
configure the JDBC driver to interpret time values based on UTC as a timezone on
the server, and serves as a <a class="reference external" href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-j/8.0/en/connector-j-usagenotes-known-issues-limitations.html">workaround for a known issue</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>connection-url=jdbc:mysql://example.net:3306?serverTimezone=UTC
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-user</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-password</span></code> are typically required and
determine the user credentials for the connection, often a service user. You can
use <a class="reference internal" href="../security/secrets.html"><span class="doc">secrets</span></a> to avoid actual values in the catalog
properties files.</p>
<span id="mysql-tls"></span><h3 id="connection-security">Connection security<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-security" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>If you have TLS configured with a globally-trusted certificate installed on your
data source, you can enable TLS between your cluster and the data
source by appending a parameter to the JDBC connection string set in the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-url</span></code> catalog configuration property.</p>
<p>For example, with version 8.0 of MySQL Connector/J, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sslMode</span></code>
parameter to secure the connection with TLS. By default the parameter is set to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PREFERRED</span></code> which secures the connection if enabled by the server. You can
also set this parameter to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REQUIRED</span></code> which causes the connection to fail if
TLS is not established.</p>
<p>You can set the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sslMode</span></code> paremeter in the catalog configuration file by
appending it to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-url</span></code> configuration property:</p>
<div class="highlight-properties notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="na">connection-url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">jdbc:mysql://example.net:3306/?sslMode=REQUIRED</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For more information on TLS configuration options, see the <a class="reference external" href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-j/8.0/en/connector-j-connp-props-security.html#cj-conn-prop_sslMode">MySQL JDBC security
documentation</a>.</p>
<h3 id="multiple-mysql-servers">Multiple MySQL servers<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-mysql-servers" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>You can have as many catalogs as you need, so if you have additional
MySQL servers, simply add another properties file to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/catalog</span></code>
with a different name, making sure it ends in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.properties</span></code>. For
example, if you name the property file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sales.properties</span></code>, Trino
creates a catalog named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sales</span></code> using the configured connector.</p>
<h3 id="general-configuration-properties">General configuration properties<a class="headerlink" href="#general-configuration-properties" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>The following table describes general catalog configuration properties for the
connector:</p>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 40%"/>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Property name</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Default value</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-matching</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Support case insensitive schema and table names.</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-matching.cache-ttl</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1m</span></code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-matching.config-file</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Path to a name mapping configuration file in JSON format that allows
Trino to disambiguate between schemas and tables with similar names in
different cases.</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">null</span></code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-matching.refresh-period</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Frequency with which Trino checks the name matching configuration file
for changes.</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (refresh disabled)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.cache-ttl</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Duration for which metadata, including table and column statistics, is
cached.</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (caching disabled)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.cache-missing</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Cache the fact that metadata, including table and column statistics, is
not available</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.cache-maximum-size</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Maximum number of objects stored in the metadata cache</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">10000</span></code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write.batch-size</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Maximum number of statements in a batched execution.
Do not change this setting from the default. Non-default values may
negatively impact performance.</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1000</span></code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">join-pushdown.enabled</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Enable <a class="reference internal" href="../optimizer/pushdown.html#join-pushdown"><span class="std std-ref">join pushdown</span></a>. Equivalent <a class="reference internal" href="../sql/set-session.html"><span class="doc">catalog
session property</span></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">join_pushdown_enabled</span></code>. Enabling
this may negatively impact performance for some queries.</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="procedures">Procedures<a class="headerlink" href="#procedures" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">system.flush_metadata_cache()</span></code></p>
<p>Flush JDBC metadata caches. For example, the following system call
flushes the metadata caches for all schemas in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">example</span></code> catalog</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">USE</span> <span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">myschema</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">CALL</span> <span class="k">system</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">flush_metadata_cache</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="case-insensitive-matching">Case insensitive matching<a class="headerlink" href="#case-insensitive-matching" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h4>
<p>When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-matching</span></code> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code>, Trino
is able to query non-lowercase schemas and tables by maintaining a mapping of
the lowercase name to the actual name in the remote system. However, if two
schemas and/or tables have names that differ only in case (such as “customers”
and “Customers”) then Trino fails to query them due to ambiguity.</p>
<p>In these cases, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-matching.config-file</span></code> catalog
configuration property to specify a configuration file that maps these remote
schemas/tables to their respective Trino schemas/tables:</p>
<div class="highlight-json notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">"schemas"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">"remote"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"CaseSensitiveName"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"mapping"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"case_insensitive_1"</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">"remote"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"cASEsENSITIVEnAME"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"mapping"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"case_insensitive_2"</span>
<span class="p">}],</span>
<span class="nt">"tables"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">"remoteSchema"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"CaseSensitiveName"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"remoteTable"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"tablex"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"mapping"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"table_1"</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">"remoteSchema"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"CaseSensitiveName"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"remoteTable"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"TABLEX"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"mapping"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"table_2"</span>
<span class="p">}]</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Queries against one of the tables or schemes defined in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping</span></code>
attributes are run against the corresponding remote entity. For example, a query
against tables in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case_insensitive_1</span></code> schema is forwarded to the
CaseSensitiveName schema and a query against <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case_insensitive_2</span></code> is forwarded
to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cASEsENSITIVEnAME</span></code> schema.</p>
<p>At the table mapping level, a query on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case_insensitive_1.table_1</span></code> as
configured above is forwarded to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CaseSensitiveName.tablex</span></code>, and a query on
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case_insensitive_1.table_2</span></code> is forwarded to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CaseSensitiveName.TABLEX</span></code>.</p>
<p>By default, when a change is made to the mapping configuration file, Trino must
be restarted to load the changes. Optionally, you can set the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-mapping.refresh-period</span></code> to have Trino refresh the
properties without requiring a restart:</p>
<div class="highlight-properties notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="na">case-insensitive-name-mapping.refresh-period</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">30s</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<h3 id="non-transactional-insert">Non-transactional INSERT<a class="headerlink" href="#non-transactional-insert" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>The connector supports adding rows using <a class="reference internal" href="../sql/insert.html"><span class="doc">INSERT statements</span></a>.
By default, data insertion is performed by writing data to a temporary table.
You can skip this step to improve performance and write directly to the target
table. Set the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">insert.non-transactional-insert.enabled</span></code> catalog property
or the corresponding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">non_transactional_insert</span></code> catalog session property to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code>.</p>
<p>Note that with this property enabled, data can be corrupted in rare cases where
exceptions occur during the insert operation. With transactions disabled, no
rollback can be performed.</p>
<span id="mysql-type-mapping"></span><h2 id="type-mapping">Type mapping<a class="headerlink" href="#type-mapping" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>Because Trino and MySQL each support types that the other does not, this
connector modifies some types when reading or writing data.</p>
<h3 id="mysql-to-trino-read-type-mapping">MySQL to Trino read type mapping<a class="headerlink" href="#mysql-to-trino-read-type-mapping" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>This connector supports reading the following MySQL types and performs
conversion to Trino types with the detailed mappings as shown in the following
table.</p>
<table id="id1">
<caption><span class="caption-text">MySQL to Trino type mapping</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this table">#</a></caption>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 20%"/>
<col style="width: 50%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>MySQL database type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Trino type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BOOLEAN</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BOOLEAN</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TINYINT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TINYINT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TINYINT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMALLINT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMALLINT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTEGER</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTEGER</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIGINT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIGINT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span> <span class="pre">PRECISION</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLOAT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REAL</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REAL</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REAL</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL(p,</span> <span class="pre">s)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL(p,</span> <span class="pre">s)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#mysql-decimal-handling"><span class="std std-ref">MySQL DECIMAL type handling</span></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHAR(n)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHAR(n)</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR(n)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR(n)</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TINYTEXT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR(255)</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TEXT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR(65535)</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MEDIUMTEXT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR(16777215)</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LONGTEXT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BINARY</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARBINARY</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TINYBLOB</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BLOB</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MEDIUMBLOB</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LONGBLOB</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARBINARY</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATE</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATE</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME(n)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME(n)</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATETIME(n)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATETIME(n)</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(n)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(n)</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>No other types are supported.</p>
<h3 id="trino-to-mysql-write-type-mapping">Trino to MySQL write type mapping<a class="headerlink" href="#trino-to-mysql-write-type-mapping" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>