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<h1 id="installation-deployment--page-root">Deploying Trino<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-deployment--page-root" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h1>

<span id="id1"></span><h2 id="requirements">Requirements<a class="headerlink" href="#requirements" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>

<span id="requirements-linux"></span><h3 id="linux-operating-system">Linux operating system<a class="headerlink" href="#linux-operating-system" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><p>64-bit required</p></li>
<li><p>newer release preferred, especially when running on containers</p></li>
<li><p>adequate ulimits for the user that runs the Trino process. These limits
may depend on the specific Linux distribution you are using. The number
of open file descriptors needed for a particular Trino instance scales
as roughly the number of machines in the cluster, times some factor
depending on the workload. We recommend the following limits, which can
typically be set in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/security/limits.conf</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>trino soft nofile 131072
trino hard nofile 131072
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>


<span id="requirements-java"></span><h3 id="java-runtime-environment">Java runtime environment<a class="headerlink" href="#java-runtime-environment" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Trino requires a 64-bit version of Java 11, with a minimum required version of 11.0.11.
Earlier patch versions such as 11.0.2 do not work, nor will earlier major versions such as Java 8.
Newer major versions such as Java 12 or 13, including Java 17, are not supported – they may work, but are not tested.</p>
<p>We recommend using <a class="reference external" href="https://www.azul.com/downloads/zulu-community/">Azul Zulu</a>
as the JDK for Trino, as Trino is tested against that distribution.
Zulu is also the JDK used by the
<a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/trinodb/trino">Trino Docker image</a>.</p>


<span id="requirements-python"></span><h3 id="python">Python<a class="headerlink" href="#python" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>version 2.6.x, 2.7.x, or 3.x</p></li>
<li><p>required by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bin/launcher</span></code> script only</p></li>
</ul>


<h2 id="installing-trino">Installing Trino<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-trino" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>Download the Trino server tarball, <a class="reference external" href="https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/io/trino/trino-server/376/trino-server-376.tar.gz">trino-server-376.tar.gz</a>, and unpack it.
The tarball contains a single top-level directory,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trino-server-376</span></code>, which we call the <em>installation</em> directory.</p>
<p>Trino needs a <em>data</em> directory for storing logs, etc.
We recommend creating a data directory outside of the installation directory,
which allows it to be easily preserved when upgrading Trino.</p>


<h2 id="configuring-trino">Configuring Trino<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-trino" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>Create an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc</span></code> directory inside the installation directory.
This holds the following configuration:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Node Properties: environmental configuration specific to each node</p></li>
<li><p>JVM Config: command line options for the Java Virtual Machine</p></li>
<li><p>Config Properties: configuration for the Trino server. See the
<a class="reference internal" href="../admin/properties.html"><span class="doc">Properties reference</span></a> for available configuration properties.</p></li>
<li><p>Catalog Properties: configuration for <a class="reference internal" href="../connector.html"><span class="doc">Connectors</span></a> (data sources).
The available catalog configuration properties for a connector are described
in the respective connector documentation.</p></li>
</ul>

<span id="id2"></span><h3 id="node-properties">Node properties<a class="headerlink" href="#node-properties" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>The node properties file, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/node.properties</span></code>, contains configuration
specific to each node. A <em>node</em> is a single installed instance of Trino
on a machine. This file is typically created by the deployment system when
Trino is first installed. The following is a minimal <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/node.properties</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>node.environment=production
node.id=ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff
node.data-dir=/var/trino/data
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above properties are described below:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">node.environment</span></code>:
The name of the environment. All Trino nodes in a cluster must have the same
environment name. The name must start with a lowercase alphanumeric character
and only contain lowercase alphanumeric or underscore (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code>) characters.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">node.id</span></code>:
The unique identifier for this installation of Trino. This must be
unique for every node. This identifier should remain consistent across
reboots or upgrades of Trino. If running multiple installations of
Trino on a single machine (i.e. multiple nodes on the same machine),
each installation must have a unique identifier. The identifier must start
with an alphanumeric character and only contain alphanumeric, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code>
characters.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">node.data-dir</span></code>:
The location (filesystem path) of the data directory. Trino stores
logs and other data here.</p></li>
</ul>


<span id="id3"></span><h3 id="jvm-config">JVM config<a class="headerlink" href="#jvm-config" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>The JVM config file, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/jvm.config</span></code>, contains a list of command line
options used for launching the Java Virtual Machine. The format of the file
is a list of options, one per line. These options are not interpreted by
the shell, so options containing spaces or other special characters should
not be quoted.</p>
<p>The following provides a good starting point for creating <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/jvm.config</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>-server
-Xmx16G
-XX:-UseBiasedLocking
-XX:+UseG1GC
-XX:G1HeapRegionSize=32M
-XX:+ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent
-XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError
-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
-XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow
-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=512M
-XX:PerMethodRecompilationCutoff=10000
-XX:PerBytecodeRecompilationCutoff=10000
-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
-Djdk.nio.maxCachedBufferSize=2000000
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Because an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OutOfMemoryError</span></code> typically leaves the JVM in an
inconsistent state, we write a heap dump, for debugging, and forcibly
terminate the process when this occurs.</p>
<p>The temporary directory used by the JVM must allow execution of code.
Specifically, the mount must not have the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">noexec</span></code> flag set. The default
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/tmp</span></code> directory is mounted with this flag in some installations, which
prevents Trino from starting. You can workaround this by overriding the
temporary directory by adding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-Djava.io.tmpdir=/path/to/other/tmpdir</span></code> to the
list of JVM options.</p>


<span id="id4"></span><h3 id="config-properties">Config properties<a class="headerlink" href="#config-properties" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>The config properties file, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/config.properties</span></code>, contains the
configuration for the Trino server. Every Trino server can function
as both a coordinator and a worker, but dedicating a single machine
to only perform coordination work provides the best performance on
larger clusters.</p>
<p>The following is a minimal configuration for the coordinator:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>coordinator=true
node-scheduler.include-coordinator=false
http-server.http.port=8080
query.max-memory=50GB
query.max-memory-per-node=1GB
discovery.uri=http://example.net:8080
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>And this is a minimal configuration for the workers:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>coordinator=false
http-server.http.port=8080
query.max-memory=50GB
query.max-memory-per-node=1GB
discovery.uri=http://example.net:8080
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Alternatively, if you are setting up a single machine for testing, that
functions as both a coordinator and worker, use this configuration:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>coordinator=true
node-scheduler.include-coordinator=true
http-server.http.port=8080
query.max-memory=5GB
query.max-memory-per-node=1GB
discovery.uri=http://example.net:8080
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>These properties require some explanation:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">coordinator</span></code>:
Allow this Trino instance to function as a coordinator, so to
accept queries from clients and manage query execution.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">node-scheduler.include-coordinator</span></code>:
Allow scheduling work on the coordinator.
For larger clusters, processing work on the coordinator
can impact query performance because the machine’s resources are not
available for the critical task of scheduling, managing and monitoring
query execution.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-server.http.port</span></code>:
Specifies the port for the HTTP server. Trino uses HTTP for all
communication, internal and external.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query.max-memory</span></code>:
The maximum amount of distributed memory, that a query may use.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query.max-memory-per-node</span></code>:
The maximum amount of user memory, that a query may use on any one machine.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">discovery.uri</span></code>:
The Trino coordinator has a discovery service that is used by all the nodes
to find each other. Every Trino instance registers itself with the discovery
service on startup and continuously heartbeats to keep its registration
active. The discovery service shares the HTTP server with Trino and thus
uses the same port. Replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">example.net:8080</span></code> to match the host and
port of the Trino coordinator. If you have disabled HTTP on the coordinator,
the URI scheme must be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https</span></code>, not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http</span></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The above configuration properties are a minimal set to help you get started.
Please see <a class="reference internal" href="../admin.html"><span class="doc">Administration</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../security.html"><span class="doc">Security</span></a> for a more comprehensive list.
In particular, see <a class="reference internal" href="../admin/resource-groups.html"><span class="doc">Resource groups</span></a> for configuring queuing policies.</p>


<span id="id5"></span><h3 id="log-levels">Log levels<a class="headerlink" href="#log-levels" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>The optional log levels file, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/log.properties</span></code>, allows setting the
minimum log level for named logger hierarchies. Every logger has a name,
which is typically the fully qualified name of the class that uses the logger.
Loggers have a hierarchy based on the dots in the name, like Java packages.
For example, consider the following log levels file:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>io.trino=INFO
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This would set the minimum level to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code> for both
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.trino.server</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.trino.plugin.hive</span></code>.
The default minimum level is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code>,
thus the above example does not actually change anything.
There are four levels: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WARN</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code>.</p>


<span id="id6"></span><h3 id="catalog-properties">Catalog properties<a class="headerlink" href="#catalog-properties" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h3>
<p>Trino accesses data via <em>connectors</em>, which are mounted in catalogs.
The connector provides all of the schemas and tables inside of the catalog.
For example, the Hive connector maps each Hive database to a schema.
If the Hive connector is mounted as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hive</span></code> catalog, and Hive
contains a table <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clicks</span></code> in database <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">web</span></code>, that table can be accessed
in Trino as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hive.web.clicks</span></code>.</p>
<p>Catalogs are registered by creating a catalog properties file
in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/catalog</span></code> directory.
For example, create <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/catalog/jmx.properties</span></code> with the following
contents to mount the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jmx</span></code> connector as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jmx</span></code> catalog:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>connector.name=jmx
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../connector.html"><span class="doc">Connectors</span></a> for more information about configuring connectors.</p>


<span id="id7"></span><h2 id="running-trino">Running Trino<a class="headerlink" href="#running-trino" title="Permalink to this headline">#</a></h2>
<p>The installation directory contains the launcher script in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bin/launcher</span></code>.
Trino can be started as a daemon by running the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>bin/launcher start
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Alternatively, it can be run in the foreground, with the logs and other
output written to stdout/stderr. Both streams should be captured
if using a supervision system like daemontools:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>bin/launcher run
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Run the launcher with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--help</span></code> to see the supported commands and
command line options. In particular, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--verbose</span></code> option is
very useful for debugging the installation.</p>
<p>The launcher configures default values for the configuration
directory <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc</span></code>, configuration files, the data directory <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">var</span></code>,
and log files in the data directory. You can change these values
to adjust your Trino usage to any requirements, such as using a
directory outside the installation directory, specific mount points
or locations, and even using other file names. For example, the Trino
RPM adjusts the used directories to better follow the Linux Filesystem
Hierarchy Standard (FHS).</p>
<p>After starting Trino, you can find log files in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">log</span></code> directory inside
the data directory <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">var</span></code>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">launcher.log</span></code>:
This log is created by the launcher and is connected to the stdout
and stderr streams of the server. It contains a few log messages
that occur while the server logging is being initialized, and any
errors or diagnostics produced by the JVM.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">server.log</span></code>:
This is the main log file used by Trino. It typically contains
the relevant information if the server fails during initialization.
It is automatically rotated and compressed.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http-request.log</span></code>:
This is the HTTP request log which contains every HTTP request
received by the server. It is automatically rotated and compressed.</p></li>
</ul>


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