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  <section id="cassandra-connector">
<h1 id="connector-cassandra--page-root">Cassandra connector<a class="headerlink" href="#connector-cassandra--page-root" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1>
<img class="connector-logo" src="../_static/img/cassandra.png"/><p>The Cassandra connector allows querying data stored in
<a class="reference external" href="https://cassandra.apache.org/">Apache Cassandra</a>.</p>
<section id="requirements">
<h2 id="requirements">Requirements<a class="headerlink" href="#requirements" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>To connect to Cassandra, you need:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Cassandra version 3.0 or higher.</p></li>
<li><p>Network access from the Trino coordinator and workers to Cassandra.
Port 9042 is the default port.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="configuration">
<h2 id="configuration">Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>To configure the Cassandra connector, create a catalog properties file
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/catalog/example.properties</span></code> with the following contents, replacing
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">host1,host2</span></code> with a comma-separated list of the Cassandra nodes, used to
discovery the cluster topology:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>connector.name=cassandra
cassandra.contact-points=host1,host2
cassandra.load-policy.dc-aware.local-dc=datacenter1
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You also need to set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.native-protocol-port</span></code>, if your
Cassandra nodes are not using the default port 9042.</p>
<section id="multiple-cassandra-clusters">
<h3 id="multiple-cassandra-clusters">Multiple Cassandra clusters<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-cassandra-clusters" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>You can have as many catalogs as you need, so if you have additional
Cassandra clusters, simply add another properties file to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/catalog</span></code>
with a different name, making sure it ends in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.properties</span></code>. For
example, if you name the property file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sales.properties</span></code>, Trino
creates a catalog named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sales</span></code> using the configured connector.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="configuration-properties">
<h2 id="configuration-properties">Configuration properties<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration-properties" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The following configuration properties are available:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Property name</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.contact-points</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Comma-separated list of hosts in a Cassandra cluster. The Cassandra driver uses these contact points to discover cluster topology. At least one Cassandra host is required.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.native-protocol-port</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The Cassandra server port running the native client protocol, defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9042</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.consistency-level</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Consistency levels in Cassandra refer to the level of consistency to be used for both read and write operations.  More information about consistency levels can be found in the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.datastax.com/en/cassandra-oss/2.2/cassandra/dml/dmlConfigConsistency.html">Cassandra consistency</a> documentation. This property defaults to a consistency level of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ONE</span></code>. Possible values include <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ALL</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EACH_QUORUM</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QUORUM</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCAL_QUORUM</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ONE</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TWO</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">THREE</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCAL_ONE</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ANY</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SERIAL</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCAL_SERIAL</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.allow-drop-table</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Enables <a class="reference internal" href="../sql/drop-table.html"><span class="doc">DROP TABLE</span></a> operations. Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.username</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Username used for authentication to the Cassandra cluster. This is a global setting used for all connections, regardless of the user connected to Trino.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.password</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Password used for authentication to the Cassandra cluster. This is a global setting used for all connections, regardless of the user connected to Trino.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.protocol-version</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>It is possible to override the protocol version for older Cassandra clusters. By default, the value corresponds to the default protocol version used in the underlying Cassandra java driver. Possible values include <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">V3</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">V4</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">V5</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">V6</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>If authorization is enabled, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.username</span></code> must have enough permissions to perform <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> queries on
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">system.size_estimates</span></code> table.</p>
</div>
<p>The following advanced configuration properties are available:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Property name</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.fetch-size</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of rows fetched at a time in a Cassandra query.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.partition-size-for-batch-select</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of partitions batched together into a single select for a single partion key column table.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.split-size</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of keys per split when querying Cassandra.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.splits-per-node</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of splits per node. By default, the values from the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">system.size_estimates</span></code> table are used. Only override when connecting to Cassandra versions &lt; 2.1.5, which lacks the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">system.size_estimates</span></code> table.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.batch-size</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Maximum number of statements to execute in one batch.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.client.read-timeout</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Maximum time the Cassandra driver waits for an answer to a query from one Cassandra node. Note that the underlying Cassandra driver may retry a query against more than one node in the event of a read timeout. Increasing this may help with queries that use an index.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.client.connect-timeout</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Maximum time the Cassandra driver waits to establish a connection to a Cassandra node. Increasing this may help with heavily loaded Cassandra clusters.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.client.so-linger</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of seconds to linger on close if unsent data is queued. If set to zero, the socket will be closed immediately. When this option is non-zero, a socket lingers that many seconds for an acknowledgement that all data was written to a peer. This option can be used to avoid consuming sockets on a Cassandra server by immediately closing connections when they are no longer needed.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.retry-policy</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Policy used to retry failed requests to Cassandra. This property defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEFAULT</span></code>. Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BACKOFF</span></code> may help when queries fail with <em>“not enough replicas”</em>. The other possible values are <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOWNGRADING_CONSISTENCY</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FALLTHROUGH</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.load-policy.use-dc-aware</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code> if the load balancing policy requires a local datacenter, defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.load-policy.dc-aware.local-dc</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The name of the datacenter considered “local”.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.load-policy.dc-aware.used-hosts-per-remote-dc</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Uses the provided number of host per remote datacenter as failover for the local hosts for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DefaultLoadBalancingPolicy</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.load-policy.dc-aware.allow-remote-dc-for-local</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code> to allow to use hosts of remote datacenter for local consistency level.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.no-host-available-retry-timeout</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Retry timeout for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AllNodesFailedException</span></code>, defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1m</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.speculative-execution.limit</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The number of speculative executions. This is disabled by default.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.speculative-execution.delay</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The delay between each speculative execution, defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">500ms</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.tls.enabled</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Whether TLS security is enabled, defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.tls.keystore-path</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Path to the <a class="reference internal" href="../security/inspect-pem.html"><span class="doc">PEM</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../security/inspect-jks.html"><span class="doc">JKS</span></a> key store file.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.tls.truststore-path</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Path to the <a class="reference internal" href="../security/inspect-pem.html"><span class="doc">PEM</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../security/inspect-jks.html"><span class="doc">JKS</span></a> trust store file.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.tls.keystore-password</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Password for the key store.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.tls.truststore-password</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Password for the trust store.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="querying-cassandra-tables">
<h2 id="querying-cassandra-tables">Querying Cassandra tables<a class="headerlink" href="#querying-cassandra-tables" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">users</span></code> table is an example Cassandra table from the Cassandra
<a class="reference external" href="https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/cassandra/getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a> guide. It can be created along with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">example_keyspace</span></code>
keyspace using Cassandra’s cqlsh (CQL interactive terminal):</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>cqlsh&gt; CREATE KEYSPACE example_keyspace
   ... WITH REPLICATION = { 'class' : 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor' : 1 };
cqlsh&gt; USE example_keyspace;
cqlsh:example_keyspace&gt; CREATE TABLE users (
              ...   user_id int PRIMARY KEY,
              ...   fname text,
              ...   lname text
              ... );
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This table can be described in Trino:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">DESCRIBE</span> <span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">example_keyspace</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">users</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> Column  |  Type   | Extra | Comment
---------+---------+-------+---------
 user_id | bigint  |       |
 fname   | varchar |       |
 lname   | varchar |       |
(3 rows)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This table can then be queried in Trino:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">example_keyspace</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">users</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="type-mapping">
<span id="cassandra-type-mapping"></span><h2 id="type-mapping">Type mapping<a class="headerlink" href="#type-mapping" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Because Trino and Cassandra each support types that the other does not, this
connector <a class="reference internal" href="../language/types.html#type-mapping-overview"><span class="std std-ref">modifies some types</span></a> when reading or
writing data. Data types may not map the same way in both directions between
Trino and the data source. Refer to the following sections for type mapping in
each direction.</p>
<section id="cassandra-type-to-trino-type-mapping">
<h3 id="cassandra-type-to-trino-type-mapping">Cassandra type to Trino type mapping<a class="headerlink" href="#cassandra-type-to-trino-type-mapping" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The connector maps Cassandra types to the corresponding Trino types according to
the following table:</p>
<table id="id2">
<caption><span class="caption-text">Cassandra type to Trino type mapping</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this table">#</a></caption>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 29%"/>
<col style="width: 24%"/>
<col style="width: 48%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Cassandra type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Trino type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BOOLEAN</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BOOLEAN</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TINYINT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TINYINT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMALLINT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMALLINT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTEGER</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIGINT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIGINT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLOAT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REAL</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DECIMAL</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ASCII</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>US-ASCII character string</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TEXT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>UTF-8 encoded string</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>UTF-8 encoded string</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARINT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Arbitrary-precision integer</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BLOB</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARBINARY</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATE</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATE</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIME(9)</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(3)</span> <span class="pre">WITH</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LIST&lt;?&gt;</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAP&lt;?,</span> <span class="pre">?&gt;</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SET&lt;?&gt;</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TUPLE</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ROW</span></code> with anonymous fields</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UDT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ROW</span></code> with field names</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INET</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPADDRESS</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UUID</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UUID</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMEUUID</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UUID</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>No other types are supported.</p>
</section>
<section id="trino-type-to-cassandra-type-mapping">
<h3 id="trino-type-to-cassandra-type-mapping">Trino type to Cassandra type mapping<a class="headerlink" href="#trino-type-to-cassandra-type-mapping" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The connector maps Trino types to the corresponding Cassandra types according to
the following table:</p>
<table id="id3">
<caption><span class="caption-text">Trino type to Cassandra type mapping</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this table">#</a></caption>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 29%"/>
<col style="width: 24%"/>
<col style="width: 48%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Trino type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Cassandra type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BOOLEAN</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BOOLEAN</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TINYINT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TINYINT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMALLINT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMALLINT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTEGER</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIGINT</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BIGINT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REAL</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FLOAT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOUBLE</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VARCHAR</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TEXT</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATE</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATE</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP(3)</span> <span class="pre">WITH</span> <span class="pre">TIME</span> <span class="pre">ZONE</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IPADDRESS</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INET</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UUID</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UUID</span></code></p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>No other types are supported.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="partition-key-types">
<h2 id="partition-key-types">Partition key types<a class="headerlink" href="#partition-key-types" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Partition keys can only be of the following types:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>ASCII</p></li>
<li><p>TEXT</p></li>
<li><p>VARCHAR</p></li>
<li><p>BIGINT</p></li>
<li><p>BOOLEAN</p></li>
<li><p>DOUBLE</p></li>
<li><p>INET</p></li>
<li><p>INT</p></li>
<li><p>FLOAT</p></li>
<li><p>DECIMAL</p></li>
<li><p>TIMESTAMP</p></li>
<li><p>UUID</p></li>
<li><p>TIMEUUID</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="limitations">
<h2 id="limitations">Limitations<a class="headerlink" href="#limitations" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Queries without filters containing the partition key result in fetching all partitions.
This causes a full scan of the entire data set, and is therefore much slower compared to a similar
query with a partition key as a filter.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IN</span></code> list filters are only allowed on index (that is, partition key or clustering key) columns.</p></li>
<li><p>Range (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&gt;</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BETWEEN</span></code>) filters can be applied only to the partition keys.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="sql-support">
<span id="cassandra-sql-support"></span><h2 id="sql-support">SQL support<a class="headerlink" href="#sql-support" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The connector provides read and write access to data and metadata in
the Cassandra database. In addition to the <a class="reference internal" href="../language/sql-support.html#sql-globally-available"><span class="std std-ref">globally available</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../language/sql-support.html#sql-read-operations"><span class="std std-ref">read operation</span></a>
statements, the connector supports the following features:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/insert.html"><span class="doc">INSERT</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/delete.html"><span class="doc">DELETE</span></a> see <a class="reference internal" href="#sql-delete-limitation"><span class="std std-ref">SQL delete limitation</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/truncate.html"><span class="doc">TRUNCATE</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/create-table.html"><span class="doc">CREATE TABLE</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/create-table-as.html"><span class="doc">CREATE TABLE AS</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="../sql/drop-table.html"><span class="doc">DROP TABLE</span></a></p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="table-functions">
<h2 id="table-functions">Table functions<a class="headerlink" href="#table-functions" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The connector provides specific <a class="reference internal" href="../functions/table.html"><span class="doc">table functions</span></a> to
access Cassandra.
.. _cassandra-query-function:</p>
<section id="query-varchar-table">
<h3 id="query-varchar-table"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query(varchar)</span> <span class="pre">-&gt;</span> <span class="pre">table</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query-varchar-table" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query</span></code> function allows you to query the underlying Cassandra directly. It
requires syntax native to Cassandra, because the full query is pushed down and
processed by Cassandra. This can be useful for accessing native features which are
not available in Trino or for improving query performance in situations where
running a query natively may be faster.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The query engine does not preserve the order of the results of this
function. If the passed query contains an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ORDER</span> <span class="pre">BY</span></code> clause, the
function result may not be ordered as expected.</p>
</div>
<p>As a simple example, to select an entire table:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span>
  <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="k">FROM</span>
  <span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="p">(</span>
    <span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">system</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
      <span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">'SELECT</span>
<span class="s1">        *</span>
<span class="s1">      FROM</span>
<span class="s1">        tpch.nation'</span>
    <span class="p">)</span>
  <span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="drop-table">
<h3 id="drop-table">DROP TABLE<a class="headerlink" href="#drop-table" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>By default, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DROP</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code> operations are disabled on Cassandra catalogs. To
enable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DROP</span> <span class="pre">TABLE</span></code>, set the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cassandra.allow-drop-table</span></code> catalog
configuration property to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-properties notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="na">cassandra.allow-drop-table</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">true</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="sql-delete-limitation">
<span id="id1"></span><h3 id="sql-delete-limitation">SQL delete limitation<a class="headerlink" href="#sql-delete-limitation" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DELETE</span></code> is only supported if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WHERE</span></code> clause matches entire partitions.</p>
</section>
</section>
</section>


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