-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 16
/
Copy pathpostgresql.html
1746 lines (1471 loc) · 105 KB
/
postgresql.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" data-content_root="../">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
<meta name="lang:clipboard.copy" content="Copy to clipboard">
<meta name="lang:clipboard.copied" content="Copied to clipboard">
<meta name="lang:search.language" content="en">
<meta name="lang:search.pipeline.stopwords" content="True">
<meta name="lang:search.pipeline.trimmer" content="True">
<meta name="lang:search.result.none" content="No matching documents">
<meta name="lang:search.result.one" content="1 matching document">
<meta name="lang:search.result.other" content="# matching documents">
<meta name="lang:search.tokenizer" content="[\s\-]+">
<link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" crossorigin>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Mono:400,500,700|Roboto:300,400,400i,700&display=fallback" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Alata&family=Open+Sans:ital,wght%400,300;0,400;0,600;1,400&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
body,
input {
font-family: "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif
}
code,
kbd,
pre {
font-family: "Roboto Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/stylesheets/application.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/stylesheets/application-palette.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/stylesheets/application-fixes.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/fonts/material-icons.css"/>
<meta name="theme-color" content="2196f3">
<script src="../_static/javascripts/modernizr.js"></script>
<title>PostgreSQL connector — Trino 448 Documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css?v=bbebba6e" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/material.css?v=79c92029" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/copybutton.css?v=76b2166b" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/trino.css?v=daa3c281" />
<script src="../_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
<script src="../_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
<script src="../_static/documentation_options.js?v=1f8d50fd"></script>
<script src="../_static/doctools.js?v=9a2dae69"></script>
<script src="../_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
<script src="../_static/clipboard.min.js?v=a7894cd8"></script>
<script src="../_static/copybutton.js?v=f281be69"></script>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/postgresql.html" />
<link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" />
<link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Prometheus connector" href="prometheus.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Pinot connector" href="pinot.html" />
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RJ94STKPJ5"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-RJ94STKPJ5');
gtag('config', 'UA-133457846-1');
gtag('config', 'AW-1036784065');
window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = ['2842796'];
</script>
<script async src="https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body dir=ltr
data-md-color-primary= data-md-color-accent=>
<svg class="md-svg">
<defs data-children-count="0">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="416" height="448" viewBox="0 0 416 448" id="__github"><path fill="currentColor" d="M160 304q0 10-3.125 20.5t-10.75 19T128 352t-18.125-8.5-10.75-19T96 304t3.125-20.5 10.75-19T128 256t18.125 8.5 10.75 19T160 304zm160 0q0 10-3.125 20.5t-10.75 19T288 352t-18.125-8.5-10.75-19T256 304t3.125-20.5 10.75-19T288 256t18.125 8.5 10.75 19T320 304zm40 0q0-30-17.25-51T296 232q-10.25 0-48.75 5.25Q229.5 240 208 240t-39.25-2.75Q130.75 232 120 232q-29.5 0-46.75 21T56 304q0 22 8 38.375t20.25 25.75 30.5 15 35 7.375 37.25 1.75h42q20.5 0 37.25-1.75t35-7.375 30.5-15 20.25-25.75T360 304zm56-44q0 51.75-15.25 82.75-9.5 19.25-26.375 33.25t-35.25 21.5-42.5 11.875-42.875 5.5T212 416q-19.5 0-35.5-.75t-36.875-3.125-38.125-7.5-34.25-12.875T37 371.5t-21.5-28.75Q0 312 0 260q0-59.25 34-99-6.75-20.5-6.75-42.5 0-29 12.75-54.5 27 0 47.5 9.875t47.25 30.875Q171.5 96 212 96q37 0 70 8 26.25-20.5 46.75-30.25T376 64q12.75 25.5 12.75 54.5 0 21.75-6.75 42 34 40 34 99.5z"/></svg>
</defs>
</svg>
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search">
<label class="md-overlay" data-md-component="overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<a href="#connector/postgresql" tabindex="1" class="md-skip"> Skip to content </a>
<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
<nav class="md-header-nav md-grid">
<div class="md-flex navheader">
<div class="md-flex__cell md-flex__cell--shrink">
<a href="/" title="Trino"
class="md-header-nav__button md-logo">
<!-- https://github.com/bashtage/sphinx-material/issues/136 -->
<img src="../_static/trino.svg" height="26"
alt="Trino 448 Documentation logo">
</a>
</div>
<div class="md-flex__cell md-flex__cell--shrink">
<label class="md-icon md-icon--menu md-header-nav__button" for="__drawer"></label>
</div>
<div class="md-flex__cell md-flex__cell--stretch">
<div class="md-flex__ellipsis md-header-nav__title" data-md-component="title">
<span class="md-header-nav__topic">Trino 448 Documentation</span>
<span class="md-header-nav__topic"> PostgreSQL connector </span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-flex__cell md-flex__cell--shrink">
<label class="md-icon md-icon--search md-header-nav__button" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" action="../search.html" method="get" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="q" placeholder="Search"
autocapitalize="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false"
data-md-component="query" data-md-state="active">
<label class="md-icon md-search__icon" for="__search"></label>
<button type="reset" class="md-icon md-search__icon" data-md-component="reset" tabindex="-1">

</button>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
Type to start searching
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-flex__cell md-flex__cell--shrink">
<div class="md-header-nav__source">
<a href="https://github.com/trinodb/trino" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-source="github">
<div class="md-source__icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="28" height="28">
<use xlink:href="#__github" width="24" height="24"></use>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
Trino
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<script src="../_static/javascripts/version_dropdown.js"></script>
<script>
var json_loc = "../../versions.json",
target_loc = "../../",
text = "Versions";
$( document ).ready( add_version_dropdown(json_loc, target_loc, text));
</script>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="md-container">
<!-- empty -->
<main class="md-main">
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid" data-md-component="container">
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="navigation">
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title md-nav__title--site" for="__drawer">
<a href="/" title="Trino" class="md-nav__button md-logo">
<img src="../_static/trino.svg" alt=" logo" width="48" height="48">
</a>
<a href="../index.html"
title="Trino 448 Documentation">Trino 448 Documentation</a>
</label>
<div class="md-nav__source">
<a href="https://github.com/trinodb/trino" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-source="github">
<div class="md-source__icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="28" height="28">
<use xlink:href="#__github" width="24" height="24"></use>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
Trino
</div>
</a>
</div>
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../overview.html" class="md-nav__link">Overview</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../installation.html" class="md-nav__link">Installation</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client.html" class="md-nav__link">Clients</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../security.html" class="md-nav__link">Security</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../admin.html" class="md-nav__link">Administration</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../optimizer.html" class="md-nav__link">Query optimizer</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../connector.html" class="md-nav__link">Connectors</a>
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="accumulo.html" class="md-nav__link">Accumulo</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="atop.html" class="md-nav__link">Atop</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="bigquery.html" class="md-nav__link">BigQuery</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="blackhole.html" class="md-nav__link">Black Hole</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="cassandra.html" class="md-nav__link">Cassandra</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="clickhouse.html" class="md-nav__link">ClickHouse</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="delta-lake.html" class="md-nav__link">Delta Lake</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="druid.html" class="md-nav__link">Druid</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="elasticsearch.html" class="md-nav__link">Elasticsearch</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="googlesheets.html" class="md-nav__link">Google Sheets</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="hive.html" class="md-nav__link">Hive</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="hudi.html" class="md-nav__link">Hudi</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="iceberg.html" class="md-nav__link">Iceberg</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="ignite.html" class="md-nav__link">Ignite</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="jmx.html" class="md-nav__link">JMX</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="kafka.html" class="md-nav__link">Kafka</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="kinesis.html" class="md-nav__link">Kinesis</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="kudu.html" class="md-nav__link">Kudu</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="localfile.html" class="md-nav__link">Local File</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="mariadb.html" class="md-nav__link">MariaDB</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="memory.html" class="md-nav__link">Memory</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="mongodb.html" class="md-nav__link">MongoDB</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="mysql.html" class="md-nav__link">MySQL</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="opensearch.html" class="md-nav__link">OpenSearch</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="oracle.html" class="md-nav__link">Oracle</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="phoenix.html" class="md-nav__link">Phoenix</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="pinot.html" class="md-nav__link">Pinot</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<input class="md-toggle md-nav__toggle" data-md-toggle="toc" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc"> PostgreSQL </label>
<a href="#" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">PostgreSQL</a>
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">Contents</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#requirements" class="md-nav__link">Requirements</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#configuration" class="md-nav__link">Configuration</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#access-to-system-tables" class="md-nav__link">Access to system tables</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#connection-security" class="md-nav__link">Connection security</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#data-source-authentication" class="md-nav__link">Data source authentication</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#multiple-postgresql-databases-or-servers" class="md-nav__link">Multiple PostgreSQL databases or servers</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#general-configuration-properties" class="md-nav__link">General configuration properties</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#appending-query-metadata" class="md-nav__link">Appending query metadata</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#domain-compaction-threshold" class="md-nav__link">Domain compaction threshold</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#procedures" class="md-nav__link">Procedures</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#case-insensitive-matching" class="md-nav__link">Case insensitive matching</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#non-transactional-insert" class="md-nav__link">Non-transactional INSERT</a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#type-mapping" class="md-nav__link">Type mapping</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#postgresql-type-to-trino-type-mapping" class="md-nav__link">PostgreSQL type to Trino type mapping</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#trino-type-to-postgresql-type-mapping" class="md-nav__link">Trino type to PostgreSQL type mapping</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#decimal-type-handling" class="md-nav__link">Decimal type handling</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#array-type-handling" class="md-nav__link">Array type handling</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#type-mapping-configuration-properties" class="md-nav__link">Type mapping configuration properties</a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#querying-postgresql" class="md-nav__link">Querying PostgreSQL</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#sql-support" class="md-nav__link">SQL support</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#update" class="md-nav__link">UPDATE</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#sql-delete" class="md-nav__link">SQL DELETE</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#alter-table-rename-to" class="md-nav__link">ALTER TABLE RENAME TO</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#alter-schema" class="md-nav__link">ALTER SCHEMA</a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#fault-tolerant-execution-support" class="md-nav__link">Fault-tolerant execution support</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#table-functions" class="md-nav__link">Table functions</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#query-varchar-table" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query(varchar)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">table</span></code></a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#performance" class="md-nav__link">Performance</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#table-statistics" class="md-nav__link">Table statistics</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#pushdown" class="md-nav__link">Pushdown</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#cost-based-join-pushdown" class="md-nav__link">Cost-based join pushdown</a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#predicate-pushdown-support" class="md-nav__link">Predicate pushdown support</a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="prometheus.html" class="md-nav__link">Prometheus</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="redis.html" class="md-nav__link">Redis</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="redshift.html" class="md-nav__link">Redshift</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="singlestore.html" class="md-nav__link">SingleStore</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="snowflake.html" class="md-nav__link">Snowflake</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="sqlserver.html" class="md-nav__link">SQL Server</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="system.html" class="md-nav__link">System</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="thrift.html" class="md-nav__link">Thrift</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="tpcds.html" class="md-nav__link">TPCDS</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="tpch.html" class="md-nav__link">TPCH</a>
</li></ul>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../object-storage.html" class="md-nav__link">Object storage</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../functions.html" class="md-nav__link">Functions and operators</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../language.html" class="md-nav__link">SQL language</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../sql.html" class="md-nav__link">SQL statement syntax</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../routines.html" class="md-nav__link">SQL routines</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../develop.html" class="md-nav__link">Developer guide</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../glossary.html" class="md-nav__link">Glossary</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../appendix.html" class="md-nav__link">Appendix</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../release.html" class="md-nav__link">Release notes</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="toc">
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">Contents</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#requirements" class="md-nav__link">Requirements</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#configuration" class="md-nav__link">Configuration</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#access-to-system-tables" class="md-nav__link">Access to system tables</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#connection-security" class="md-nav__link">Connection security</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#data-source-authentication" class="md-nav__link">Data source authentication</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#multiple-postgresql-databases-or-servers" class="md-nav__link">Multiple PostgreSQL databases or servers</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#general-configuration-properties" class="md-nav__link">General configuration properties</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#appending-query-metadata" class="md-nav__link">Appending query metadata</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#domain-compaction-threshold" class="md-nav__link">Domain compaction threshold</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#procedures" class="md-nav__link">Procedures</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#case-insensitive-matching" class="md-nav__link">Case insensitive matching</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#non-transactional-insert" class="md-nav__link">Non-transactional INSERT</a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#type-mapping" class="md-nav__link">Type mapping</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#postgresql-type-to-trino-type-mapping" class="md-nav__link">PostgreSQL type to Trino type mapping</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#trino-type-to-postgresql-type-mapping" class="md-nav__link">Trino type to PostgreSQL type mapping</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#decimal-type-handling" class="md-nav__link">Decimal type handling</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#array-type-handling" class="md-nav__link">Array type handling</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#type-mapping-configuration-properties" class="md-nav__link">Type mapping configuration properties</a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#querying-postgresql" class="md-nav__link">Querying PostgreSQL</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#sql-support" class="md-nav__link">SQL support</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#update" class="md-nav__link">UPDATE</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#sql-delete" class="md-nav__link">SQL DELETE</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#alter-table-rename-to" class="md-nav__link">ALTER TABLE RENAME TO</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#alter-schema" class="md-nav__link">ALTER SCHEMA</a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#fault-tolerant-execution-support" class="md-nav__link">Fault-tolerant execution support</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#table-functions" class="md-nav__link">Table functions</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#query-varchar-table" class="md-nav__link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query(varchar)</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">table</span></code></a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#performance" class="md-nav__link">Performance</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#table-statistics" class="md-nav__link">Table statistics</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#pushdown" class="md-nav__link">Pushdown</a><nav class="md-nav">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#cost-based-join-pushdown" class="md-nav__link">Cost-based join pushdown</a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item"><a href="#predicate-pushdown-support" class="md-nav__link">Predicate pushdown support</a>
</li></ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset" role="main">
<section id="postgresql-connector">
<h1 id="connector-postgresql--page-root">PostgreSQL connector<a class="headerlink" href="#connector-postgresql--page-root" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h1>
<img class="connector-logo" src="../_static/img/postgresql.png"/><p>The PostgreSQL connector allows querying and creating tables in an
external <a class="reference external" href="https://www.postgresql.org/">PostgreSQL</a> database. This can be used to join data between
different systems like PostgreSQL and Hive, or between different
PostgreSQL instances.</p>
<section id="requirements">
<h2 id="requirements">Requirements<a class="headerlink" href="#requirements" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>To connect to PostgreSQL, you need:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>PostgreSQL 11.x or higher.</p></li>
<li><p>Network access from the Trino coordinator and workers to PostgreSQL.
Port 5432 is the default port.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="configuration">
<h2 id="configuration">Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The connector can query a database on a PostgreSQL server. Create a catalog
properties file that specifies the PostgreSQL connector by setting the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connector.name</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">postgresql</span></code>.</p>
<p>For example, to access a database as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">example</span></code> catalog, create the file
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/catalog/example.properties</span></code>. Replace the connection properties as
appropriate for your setup:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>connector.name=postgresql
connection-url=jdbc:postgresql://example.net:5432/database
connection-user=root
connection-password=secret
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-url</span></code> defines the connection information and parameters to pass
to the PostgreSQL JDBC driver. The parameters for the URL are available in the
<a class="reference external" href="https://jdbc.postgresql.org/documentation/use/#connecting-to-the-database">PostgreSQL JDBC driver documentation</a>.
Some parameters can have adverse effects on the connector behavior or not work
with the connector.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-user</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-password</span></code> are typically required and
determine the user credentials for the connection, often a service user. You can
use <a class="reference internal" href="../security/secrets.html"><span class="doc">secrets</span></a> to avoid actual values in the catalog
properties files.</p>
<section id="access-to-system-tables">
<h3 id="access-to-system-tables">Access to system tables<a class="headerlink" href="#access-to-system-tables" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The PostgreSQL connector supports reading <a class="reference external" href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/catalogs.html">PostgreSQ catalog
tables</a>, such as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pg_namespace</span></code>. The functionality is turned off by default, and can be enabled
using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">postgresql.include-system-tables</span></code> configuration property.</p>
<p>You can see more details in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pg_catalog</span></code> schema in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">example</span></code> catalog,
for example about the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pg_namespace</span></code> system table:</p>
<div class="highlight-sql notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SHOW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TABLES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pg_catalog</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pg_namespace</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="connection-security">
<span id="postgresql-tls"></span><h3 id="connection-security">Connection security<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-security" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>If you have TLS configured with a globally-trusted certificate installed on your
data source, you can enable TLS between your cluster and the data
source by appending a parameter to the JDBC connection string set in the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-url</span></code> catalog configuration property.</p>
<p>For example, with version 42 of the PostgreSQL JDBC driver, enable TLS by
appending the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl=true</span></code> parameter to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-url</span></code> configuration
property:</p>
<div class="highlight-properties notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="na">connection-url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">jdbc:postgresql://example.net:5432/database?ssl=true</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For more information on TLS configuration options, see the <a class="reference external" href="https://jdbc.postgresql.org/documentation/use/#connecting-to-the-database">PostgreSQL JDBC
driver documentation</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="data-source-authentication">
<h3 id="data-source-authentication">Data source authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#data-source-authentication" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The connector can provide credentials for the data source connection
in multiple ways:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>inline, in the connector configuration file</p></li>
<li><p>in a separate properties file</p></li>
<li><p>in a key store file</p></li>
<li><p>as extra credentials set when connecting to Trino</p></li>
</ul>
<p>You can use <a class="reference internal" href="../security/secrets.html"><span class="doc">secrets</span></a> to avoid storing sensitive
values in the catalog properties files.</p>
<p>The following table describes configuration properties
for connection credentials:</p>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 40%"/>
<col style="width: 60%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Property name</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">credential-provider.type</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Type of the credential provider. Must be one of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INLINE</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FILE</span></code>, or
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KEYSTORE</span></code>; defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INLINE</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-user</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Connection user name.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-password</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Connection password.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user-credential-name</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Name of the extra credentials property, whose value to use as the user
name. See <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extraCredentials</span></code> in <a class="reference internal" href="../client/jdbc.html#jdbc-parameter-reference"><span class="std std-ref">Parameter
reference</span></a>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">password-credential-name</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Name of the extra credentials property, whose value to use as the
password.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-credential-file</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Location of the properties file where credentials are present. It must
contain the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-user</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-password</span></code> properties.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keystore-file-path</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The location of the Java Keystore file, from which to read credentials.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keystore-type</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>File format of the keystore file, for example <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">JKS</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PEM</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keystore-password</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Password for the key store.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keystore-user-credential-name</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Name of the key store entity to use as the user name.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keystore-user-credential-password</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Password for the user name key store entity.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keystore-password-credential-name</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Name of the key store entity to use as the password.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keystore-password-credential-password</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Password for the password key store entity.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="multiple-postgresql-databases-or-servers">
<h3 id="multiple-postgresql-databases-or-servers">Multiple PostgreSQL databases or servers<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-postgresql-databases-or-servers" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The PostgreSQL connector can only access a single database within
a PostgreSQL server. Thus, if you have multiple PostgreSQL databases,
or want to connect to multiple PostgreSQL servers, you must configure
multiple instances of the PostgreSQL connector.</p>
<p>To add another catalog, simply add another properties file to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">etc/catalog</span></code>
with a different name, making sure it ends in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.properties</span></code>. For example,
if you name the property file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sales.properties</span></code>, Trino creates a
catalog named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sales</span></code> using the configured connector.</p>
</section>
<section id="general-configuration-properties">
<h3 id="general-configuration-properties">General configuration properties<a class="headerlink" href="#general-configuration-properties" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The following table describes general catalog configuration properties for the
connector:</p>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 35%"/>
<col style="width: 65%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Property name</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-matching</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Support case insensitive schema and table names. Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-matching.cache-ttl</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../admin/properties.html#prop-type-duration"><span class="std std-ref">Duration</span></a> for which case insensitive schema and table
names are cached. Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1m</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-matching.config-file</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Path to a name mapping configuration file in JSON format that allows
Trino to disambiguate between schemas and tables with similar names in
different cases. Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">null</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case-insensitive-name-matching.config-file.refresh-period</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Frequency with which Trino checks the name matching configuration file
for changes. The <a class="reference internal" href="../admin/properties.html#prop-type-duration"><span class="std std-ref">duration value</span></a> defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0s</span></code>
(refresh disabled).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.cache-ttl</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../admin/properties.html#prop-type-duration"><span class="std std-ref">Duration</span></a> for which metadata, including table and
column statistics, is cached. Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0s</span></code> (caching disabled).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.cache-missing</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Cache the fact that metadata, including table and column statistics, is
not available. Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.schemas.cache-ttl</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../admin/properties.html#prop-type-duration"><span class="std std-ref">Duration</span></a> for which schema metadata is cached.
Defaults to the value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.cache-ttl</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.tables.cache-ttl</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../admin/properties.html#prop-type-duration"><span class="std std-ref">Duration</span></a> for which table metadata is cached.
Defaults to the value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.cache-ttl</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.statistics.cache-ttl</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><a class="reference internal" href="../admin/properties.html#prop-type-duration"><span class="std std-ref">Duration</span></a> for which tables statistics are cached.
Defaults to the value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.cache-ttl</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.cache-maximum-size</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Maximum number of objects stored in the metadata cache. Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">10000</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write.batch-size</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Maximum number of statements in a batched execution. Do not change
this setting from the default. Non-default values may negatively
impact performance. Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1000</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dynamic-filtering.enabled</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Push down dynamic filters into JDBC queries. Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dynamic-filtering.wait-timeout</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Maximum <a class="reference internal" href="../admin/properties.html#prop-type-duration"><span class="std std-ref">duration</span></a> for which Trino waits for dynamic
filters to be collected from the build side of joins before starting a
JDBC query. Using a large timeout can potentially result in more detailed
dynamic filters. However, it can also increase latency for some queries.