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Advanced Usage

Custom Authentication

Google Colaboratory

If you familiar with the Jupyter Notebook, Google Colaboratory is probably the easiest way to get started using gspread:

from google.colab import auth
auth.authenticate_user()

import gspread
from google.auth import default
creds, _ = default()

gc = gspread.authorize(creds)

See the full example in the External data: Local Files, Drive, Sheets, and Cloud Storage notebook.

Using Authlib

Using Authlib instead of google-auth. Similar to google.auth.transport.requests.AuthorizedSession Authlib's AssertionSession can automatically refresh tokens.:

import json
from gspread import Client
from authlib.integrations.requests_client import AssertionSession

def create_assertion_session(conf_file, scopes, subject=None):
    with open(conf_file, 'r') as f:
        conf = json.load(f)

    token_url = conf['token_uri']
    issuer = conf['client_email']
    key = conf['private_key']
    key_id = conf.get('private_key_id')

    header = {'alg': 'RS256'}
    if key_id:
        header['kid'] = key_id

    # Google puts scope in payload
    claims = {'scope': ' '.join(scopes)}
    return AssertionSession(
        grant_type=AssertionSession.JWT_BEARER_GRANT_TYPE,
        token_endpoint=token_url,
        issuer=issuer,
        audience=token_url,
        claims=claims,
        subject=subject,
        key=key,
        header=header,
    )

scopes = [
    'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets',
    'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive',
]
session = create_assertion_session('your-google-conf.json', scopes)
gc = Client(None, session)

wks = gc.open("Where is the money Lebowski?").sheet1

wks.update_acell('B2', "it's down there somewhere, let me take another look.")

# Fetch a cell range
cell_list = wks.range('A1:B7')