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---
title: fastcgi API
keywords: fastai
sidebar: home_sidebar
summary: "API details for fastcgi"
description: "API details for fastcgi"
nb_path: "00_core.ipynb"
---
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<p>This library follows the <a href="http://www.mit.edu/~yandros/doc/specs/fcgi-spec.html">FastCGI spec</a>. It only supports the <em>Responder</em> role, and does not support multiplexing (which is not supported by any servers, so is unlikely to be an issue).</p>
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<h2 id="Enums">Enums<a class="anchor-link" href="#Enums"> </a></h2>
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<p>These <code>enum</code>s are used throughout the library, and have the same meanings as the <code>FCGI_</code> constants <code>#define</code>d in the spec.</p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">o</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">Record</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Role</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Status</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<pre>[<Record.BEGIN_REQUEST: 1>, <Record.ABORT_REQUEST: 2>, <Record.END_REQUEST: 3>, <Record.PARAMS: 4>, <Record.STDIN: 5>, <Record.STDOUT: 6>, <Record.STDERR: 7>, <Record.DATA: 8>, <Record.GET_VALUES: 9>, <Record.GET_VALUES_RESULT: 10>]
[<Role.RESPONDER: 1>, <Role.AUTHORIZER: 2>, <Role.FILTER: 3>]
[<Status.REQUEST_COMPLETE: 1>, <Status.CANT_MPX_CONN: 2>, <Status.OVERLOADED: 3>, <Status.UNKNOWN_ROLE: 4>]
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<h4 id="readlen" class="doc_header"><code>readlen</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L31" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h4><blockquote><p><code>readlen</code>(<strong><code>r</code></strong>)</p>
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<p>Read the length of the next fcgi parameter</p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1_000_000_101</span>
<span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">struct</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'!L'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">test_eq</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">readlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BytesIO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<h4 id="recv_record" class="doc_header"><code>recv_record</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L46" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h4><blockquote><p><code>recv_record</code>(<strong><code>r</code></strong>)</p>
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<p>Receive one fastcgi record from <code>r</code></p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">BytesIO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span>
<span class="n">recv_record</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">typ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">recv_record</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">typ</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">p</span>
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<pre>(<Record.PARAMS: 4>,
b'\x12\x10REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT1605811743685432\x0f\tPATH_TRANSLATED/setup.py\t\tPATH_INFO/setup.py\x13\x01HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH4\x0e\x04REQUEST_METHODPOST\x0b\x03REMOTE_ADDR::1\x0b\x05REMOTE_PORT52102\x0b\tSCRIPT_NAME/setup.py\x0e\tORIG_PATH_INFO/setup.py\x0b\x03HTTP_ACCEPT*/*\x0f\x08SERVER_PROTOCOLHTTP/1.1\x0c\nREQUEST_TIME1605811743\x0c\x03QUERY_STRINGa=1\t\x0eHTTP_HOSTlocalhost:6065\x11\x10HTTP_CONTENT_TYPEapplication/json\x0f\tSERVER_SOFTWAREhttp2fcgi\r\tDOCUMENT_ROOT/setup.py\x0f\tSCRIPT_FILENAME/setup.py\x0b\rREQUEST_URI/setup.py?a=1\x0b\x00AUTH_DIGEST\x0f\x0bHTTP_USER_AGENTcurl/7.71.1')</pre>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">recv_record</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<pre>(<Record.PARAMS: 4>, b'')</pre>
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<h4 id="params" class="doc_header"><code>params</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L63" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h4><blockquote><p><code>params</code>(<strong><code>s</code></strong>:<code>bytes</code>)</p>
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<p>Parse fastcgi parameters from <code>s</code></p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<pre>{'REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT': '1605811743685432',
'PATH_TRANSLATED': '/setup.py',
'PATH_INFO': '/setup.py',
'HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH': '4',
'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST',
'REMOTE_ADDR': '::1',
'REMOTE_PORT': '52102',
'SCRIPT_NAME': '/setup.py',
'ORIG_PATH_INFO': '/setup.py',
'HTTP_ACCEPT': '*/*',
'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
'REQUEST_TIME': '1605811743',
'QUERY_STRING': 'a=1',
'HTTP_HOST': 'localhost:6065',
'HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json',
'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'http2fcgi',
'DOCUMENT_ROOT': '/setup.py',
'SCRIPT_FILENAME': '/setup.py',
'REQUEST_URI': '/setup.py?a=1',
'AUTH_DIGEST': '',
'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'curl/7.71.1'}</pre>
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<h4 id="send_record" class="doc_header"><code>send_record</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L68" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h4><blockquote><p><code>send_record</code>(<strong><code>typ</code></strong>, <strong><code>w</code></strong>, <strong><code>c</code></strong>=<em><code>b''</code></em>)</p>
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<p>Send fastcgi binary record of <code>typ</code> to <code>w</code></p>
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<h4 id="send_stream" class="doc_header"><code>send_stream</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L73" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h4><blockquote><p><code>send_stream</code>(<strong><code>typ</code></strong>, <strong><code>w</code></strong>, <strong><code>s</code></strong>)</p>
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<p>Send fastcgi stream of <code>typ</code> to <code>w</code></p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">_Stream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BytesIO</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<h2 id="FcgiHandler" class="doc_header"><code>class</code> <code>FcgiHandler</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L81" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h2><blockquote><p><code>FcgiHandler</code>(<strong><code>request</code></strong>, <strong><code>client_address</code></strong>, <strong><code>server</code></strong>) :: <code>StreamRequestHandler</code></p>
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<p>A request handler that processes FastCGI streams and parameters</p>
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<p>This is used in much the same way as <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/socketserver.html#request-handler-objects">StreamRequestHandler</a>, except that receiving the data is handled for you before your <code>handle</code> method is called. All headers are available in the <a href="/fastcgi/core.html#params"><code>params</code></a> dictionary. All streams are available through indexing (i.e. using <code>__getitem__</code>). The <code>stdin</code> stream contains the data sent to your handler. Write to the <code>stdout</code> and <code>stderr</code> streams to send data to the client.</p>
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<p>Here's an example subclass:</p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TestHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FcgiHandler</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'query:'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'QUERY_STRING'</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'content type:'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'N/A'</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'stdin:'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'stdin'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'stdout'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">"Content-type: text/html</span><span class="se">\r\n\r\n</span><span class="s2"><html>foobar</html></span><span class="se">\r\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<p>To test it, we'll use an http➡fcgi proxy. We can download <code>http2fcgi</code> and run it in the background as follows:</p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'./get_http2fcgi.sh'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">proc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">subprocess</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Popen</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'./http2fcgi'</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<p>We can now test the handler by running a server in the background...</p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'fcgi.sock'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exists</span><span class="p">():</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unlink</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@threaded</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_f</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">UnixStreamServer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">TestHandler</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">srv</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">srv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">handle_request</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">_f</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># wait for server to start</span>
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<p>...and use <code>curl</code> to test it:</p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">urlread</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'http://localhost:6065/setup.py?a=1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">greeting</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'你好'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<pre>query: a=1
content type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
stdin: b'foo=bar&greeting=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD'
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<pre>b'<html>foobar</html>\r\n'</pre>
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<p>Finally, we kill the <code>http2fcgi</code> background process.</p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="n">proc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">terminate</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<h2 id="Convenience-methods">Convenience methods<a class="anchor-link" href="#Convenience-methods"> </a></h2>
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<h2 id="TextWrapper" class="doc_header"><code>class</code> <code>TextWrapper</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L109" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h2><blockquote><p><code>TextWrapper</code>(<strong><code>buffer</code></strong>, <strong><code>encoding</code></strong>=<em><code>None</code></em>, <strong><code>errors</code></strong>=<em><code>None</code></em>, <strong><code>newline</code></strong>=<em><code>None</code></em>, <strong><code>line_buffering</code></strong>=<em><code>False</code></em>, <strong><code>write_through</code></strong>=<em><code>False</code></em>) :: <code>TextIOWrapper</code></p>
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<p>Character and line based layer over a BufferedIOBase object, buffer.</p>
<p>encoding gives the name of the encoding that the stream will be
decoded or encoded with. It defaults to locale.getpreferredencoding(False).</p>
<p>errors determines the strictness of encoding and decoding (see
help(codecs.Codec) or the documentation for codecs.register) and
defaults to "strict".</p>
<p>newline controls how line endings are handled. It can be None, '',
'\n', '\r', and '\r\n'. It works as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>On input, if newline is None, universal newlines mode is
enabled. Lines in the input can end in '\n', '\r', or '\r\n', and
these are translated into '\n' before being returned to the
caller. If it is '', universal newline mode is enabled, but line
endings are returned to the caller untranslated. If it has any of
the other legal values, input lines are only terminated by the given
string, and the line ending is returned to the caller untranslated.</p>
</li>
<li><p>On output, if newline is None, any '\n' characters written are
translated to the system default line separator, os.linesep. If
newline is '' or '\n', no translation takes place. If newline is any
of the other legal values, any '\n' characters written are translated
to the given string.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>If line_buffering is True, a call to flush is implied when a call to
write contains a newline character.</p>
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<h4 id="FcgiHandler.print" class="doc_header"><code>FcgiHandler.print</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L116" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h4><blockquote><p><code>FcgiHandler.print</code>(<strong><code>s</code></strong>=<em><code>''</code></em>)</p>
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<p>Write a <code>str</code> to <code>self.stdout</code> as bytes, converting line endings to <code></code></p>
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<p>Instead of <code>self.stdout.write(...)</code> (which requires byte strings and <code>\r\n</code> line endings, and does not append a line ending automatically) we can use <code>print</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="FcgiHandler.err" class="doc_header"><code>FcgiHandler.err</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L122" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h4><blockquote><p><code>FcgiHandler.err</code>(<strong><code>s</code></strong>=<em><code>''</code></em>)</p>
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<p>Write a <code>str</code> to <code>self.stderr</code> as bytes, converting line endings to <code></code></p>
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<p>For errors, you can either <code>write</code> to <code>stderr</code>, or call <code>err</code>, which is like <code>print</code>, but for <code>stderr</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="FcgiHandler.content" class="doc_header"><code>FcgiHandler.content</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L128" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h4><blockquote><p><code>FcgiHandler.content</code>()</p>
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<p>Contents of stdin</p>
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<h4 id="FcgiHandler.write" class="doc_header"><code>FcgiHandler.write</code><a href="https://github.com/fastai/fastcgi/tree/master/fastcgi/core.py#L134" class="source_link" style="float:right">[source]</a></h4><blockquote><p><code>FcgiHandler.write</code>(<strong><code>b</code></strong>:<code>bytes</code>, <strong><code>err</code></strong>=<em><code>False</code></em>)</p>
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<p>Write <code>b</code> to stderr (if <code>err</code>) or stdout (otherwise)</p>
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<p>Here we repeat the previous example, but using some of these helper functions:</p>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TestHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FcgiHandler</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'stdin:'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">"Content-type: text/html</span><span class="se">\r\n\r\n</span><span class="s2"><html>foobar</html></span><span class="se">\r\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<html>foobar</html>"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">proc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">subprocess</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Popen</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'./http2fcgi'</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exists</span><span class="p">():</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unlink</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_f</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">urlread</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'http://localhost:6065/setup.py?a=1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">greeting</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'你好'</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">proc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">terminate</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<pre>stdin: foo=bar&greeting=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD
b'<html>foobar</html>\r\n<html>foobar</html>\r\n'
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