website push

Author: rsokl

docs/.doctrees/Module2_EssentialsOfPython/Basic_Objects.doctree

@@ -234,16 +234,26 @@ <h1>Conditional Statements<a class="headerlink" href="#Conditional-Statements" t
 <p>In this section, we will be introduced to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">if</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">else</span></code>, and
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">elif</span></code> statements. These allow you to specify that blocks of code are
 to be executed only if specified conditions are found to be true, or
-perhaps alternative code if the condition is found to be false.</p>
+perhaps alternative code if the condition is found to be false. For
+example, the following code will square <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">x</span></code> if it is a negative
+number, and will cube <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">x</span></code> if it is a positive number:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># a simple if-else block</span>
+<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">**</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
+<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">**</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 <p>Please refer to the “Basic Python Object Types” subsection to recall the
 basics of the “boolean” type, which represents True and False. We will
 extend that discussion by introducing comparison operations and
 membership-checking, and then expanding on the utility of the built-in
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bool</span></code> type.</p>
 <div class="section" id="Comparison-Operations">
 <h2>Comparison Operations<a class="headerlink" href="#Comparison-Operations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>Comparison statements will evaluate explicitly to either <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> or
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></code>. There are eight comparison operations in Python:</p>
+<p>Comparison statements will evaluate explicitly to either of the
+boolean-objects: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></code>. There are eight comparison
+operations in Python:</p>
 <table border="1" class="docutils">
 <colgroup>
 <col width="32%" />
@@ -349,8 +359,9 @@ <h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bool</span></code> and Trut
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>and non-zero Python integers are associated with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="go">True</span>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># nonzero values evaluate to `True`</span>
+<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="bp">True</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>The following built-in Python objects evaluate to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></code> via
@@ -498,15 +509,18 @@ <h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">if</span></code>, <code cla
 </div>
 <p>What will happen if <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">my_list</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[]</span></code>? Will <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></code> be
 raised? What will <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">first_item</span></code> be?</p>
-<p>2. The variable <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">my_file</span></code> is a string like <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;code.py&quot;</span></code>,
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;my_doc.txt&quot;</span></code>, etc, where a period denotes the end of the file-name
-and the beginning of the file-type. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">my_file</span></code> will have at most one
-period in it. Write code that creates a variable which stores only the
-filename. Accommodate cases where <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">my_file</span></code> does <em>not</em> include a
-file-type.</p>
-<p>That is, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;code.py&quot;</span></code> <span class="math">\(\rightarrow\)</span> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;code&quot;</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;doc2.pdf&quot;</span></code>
-<span class="math">\(\rightarrow\)</span> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;doc2&quot;</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;hello_world&quot;</span></code> <span class="math">\(\rightarrow\)</span>
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;hello_world&quot;</span></code> ***</p>
+<p>2. Assume variable <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">my_file</span></code> is a string storing a filename, where a
+period denotes the end of the filename and the beginning of the
+file-type. Write code that extracts only the filename.</p>
+<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">my_file</span></code> will have at most one period in it. Accommodate cases where
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">my_file</span></code> does <em>not</em> include a file-type.</p>
+<p>That is:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;code.py&quot;</span></code> <span class="math">\(\rightarrow\)</span> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;code&quot;</span></code></li>
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;doc2.pdf&quot;</span></code> <span class="math">\(\rightarrow\)</span> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;doc2&quot;</span></code></li>
+<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;hello_world&quot;</span></code> <span class="math">\(\rightarrow\)</span> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;hello_world&quot;</span></code></li>
+</ul>
+<hr class="docutils" />
 <div class="section" id="Inline-if-else-statements">
 <h3>Inline if-else statements<a class="headerlink" href="#Inline-if-else-statements" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>Python supports a syntax for writing a restricted version of if-else
@@ -534,15 +548,18 @@ <h3>Inline if-else statements<a class="headerlink" href="#Inline-if-else-stateme
 nor are muli-line code blocks within the if/else clauses.</p>
 <p>Inline if-else statements can be used anywhere, not just on the right
 side of an assignment statement, and can be quite convenient:</p>
-<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">my_list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
-<span class="c1"># will append 1 to `my_list` if `x` is non-negative</span>
-<span class="c1"># will append 0 to `my_list if `x` is negative</span>
-<span class="n">my_list</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
-<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="s2">&quot;b&quot;</span>
-<span class="go">&quot;b</span>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># using inline if-else statements in different scenarios</span>
+
+<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># will store 1 if `x` is non-negative</span>
+<span class="c1"># will store 0 if `x` is negative</span>
+<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">my_list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">my_list</span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="s2">&quot;b&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">&quot;b</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>We will see this syntax shine when we learn about comprehension

docs/.doctrees/Module2_EssentialsOfPython/ConditionalStatements.doctree

@@ -220,7 +220,10 @@ <h1>Introducing Control Flow<a class="headerlink" href="#Introducing-Control-Flo
 in which the code in your program are executed. Up until this point in
 the course, you have seen (and hopefully written) code that executes
 linearly, for example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># simple code without any &quot;control flow&quot;</span>
+<span class="c1"># i.e. no branches in logic, loops, or</span>
+<span class="c1"># code encapsulation</span>
+<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
 <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">23</span>
 <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;x + y = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;x - y = &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>

docs/.doctrees/Module2_EssentialsOfPython/Introduction.doctree

@@ -232,6 +232,22 @@ <h1>Sequence Types<a class="headerlink" href="#Sequence-Types" title="Permalink
 These are meant to help you put your reading to practice. Solutions for
 the exercises are included at the bottom of this page.</p>
 </div>
+<p>The following objects are all example of sequences:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># examples of sequences</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># a list</span>
+<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># a string</span>
+<span class="s2">&quot;hello out there&quot;</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># a tuple</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># a NumPy array</span>
+<span class="n">numpy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ndarray</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">])</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 <p>Being able to work with sequences of objects/data is so important that
 it warrants us to take our first (relatively) deep dive into Python. The
 preceding reading introduced Python lists and strings, two important
@@ -584,14 +600,15 @@ <h3>Slicing<a class="headerlink" href="#Slicing" title="Permalink to this headli
 is a built-in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">slice</span></code> object that Python uses to form slices. It
 accepts the same start, stop, and stop values, and produces the same
 sort of slicing behavior:</p>
-<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">seq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;abcdefg&quot;</span>
-<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">seq</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">slice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)]</span>
-<span class="go">&quot;abc&quot;</span>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># using the `slice` object explicitly</span>
+<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">seq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;abcdefg&quot;</span>
+<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">seq</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">slice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)]</span>
+<span class="s2">&quot;abc&quot;</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>This gives you the ability to work with slices in more creative ways in
 your code, since it allows you to assign a variable to a slice.</p>
-<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># using the `slice` object</span>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># using the `slice` object to slice several sequences</span>
 <span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">seq1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;apple&quot;</span>
 <span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">seq2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">seq3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">]</span>
@@ -632,7 +649,7 @@ <h4>Handling out-of-bounds indices<a class="headerlink" href="#Handling-out-of-b
 <p>However, specifying an out-of-bounds start or stop value for a slice
 does not raise an error. Instead, the nearest valid start/stop value is
 used instead:</p>
-<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># python</span>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># no bounds checking is used for slicing</span>
 <span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">]</span>
 <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -704,11 +721,9 @@ <h4>Reading Comprehension: Checking Your General Understanding<a class="headerli
 <div class="section" id="Reading-Comprehension-Exercise-Solutions:">
 <h2>Reading Comprehension Exercise Solutions:<a class="headerlink" href="#Reading-Comprehension-Exercise-Solutions:" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
 <p><strong>Basics of sequences</strong></p>
-<ol class="arabic simple">
-<li></li>
-</ol>
-<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">])</span>
-<span class="go">(True, None, 22)</span>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># 1. Change the list [True, None, 22] into a tuple.</span>
+<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">])</span>
+<span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>2. We have been introduced to three Python types that are sequential in