Add checks that optimizers do not modify the layout

[julian-elastic]

Add verification that the optimizers do not modify the number of attributes and the attribute datatype.
We add an exception for Lookup Join, by checking EsQueryExec esQueryExec && esQueryExec.indexMode() == LOOKUP

Closes #125576

[elasticsearchmachine]

Hi @julian-elastic, I've created a changelog YAML for you.

[elasticsearchmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-analytical-engine (Team:Analytics)

[elasticsearchmachine]

Hi @julian-elastic, I've updated the changelog YAML for you.

[alex-spies]

Looks good! Mostly minor remarks.

The only non-minor remark is on tests: Can we add tests that shows that the verification triggers when optimization changes the plan's output?

One way to test this is using an inherited optimizer instance where we add a final batch which adds a wrong projection on top, which adds/removes some attributes + changes the data types. We could place such a test into the logical and physical optimizer tests, each.

[julian-elastic]

@alex-spies This is ready for final review, I addressed the code review feedback. I added the UTs to the LocalLogical and LocalPhysical plan optimizer UTs. I am not sure there is any benefit adding them to the Local and Physical plan optimizer UTs as the code is shared.