user_guide/helpers/date_helper.html



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  <div class="section" id="date-helper">
<h1>Date Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#date-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The Date Helper file contains functions that help you work with dates.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#timezone-reference" id="id3">Timezone Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;date&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="now">
<code class="descname">now</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$timezone = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#now" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$timezone</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Timezone</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">UNIX timestamp</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the current time as a UNIX timestamp, referenced either to your server’s
local time or any PHP supported timezone, based on the “time reference” setting
in your config file. If you do not intend to set your master time reference to
any other PHP supported timezone (which you’ll typically do if you run a site
that lets each user set their own timezone settings) there is no benefit to using
this function over PHP’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time()</span></code> function.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">now</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Australia/Victoria&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If a timezone is not provided, it will return <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time()</span></code> based on the
<strong>time_reference</strong> setting.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="mdate">
<code class="descname">mdate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$datestr = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#mdate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$datestr</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Date string</li>
<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">MySQL-formatted date</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function is identical to PHP’s <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/manual/en/function.date.php">date()</a>
function, except that it lets you use MySQL style date codes, where each
code letter is preceded with a percent sign, e.g. <cite>%Y %m %d</cite></p>
<p>The benefit of doing dates this way is that you don’t have to worry
about escaping any characters that are not date codes, as you would
normally have to do with the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code> function.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$datestring</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Year: %Y Month: %m Day: %d - %h:%i %a&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">mdate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$datestring</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$time</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If a timestamp is not included in the second parameter the current time
will be used.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="standard_date">
<code class="descname">standard_date</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$fmt = 'DATE_RFC822'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$time = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#standard_date" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$fmt</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Date format</li>
<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted date or FALSE on invalid format</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you generate a date string in one of several standardized formats.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;DATE_RFC822&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">standard_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$format</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$time</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code> combined with
<a class="reference external" href="https://secure.php.net/manual/en/class.datetime.php#datetime.constants.types">DateTime’s format constants</a>
instead:</p>
<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">DATE_RFC822</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">());</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Supported formats:</strong></p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="20%" />
<col width="30%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Constant</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
<th class="head">Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>DATE_ATOM</td>
<td>Atom</td>
<td>2005-08-15T16:13:03+0000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DATE_COOKIE</td>
<td>HTTP Cookies</td>
<td>Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DATE_ISO8601</td>
<td>ISO-8601</td>
<td>2005-08-14T16:13:03+00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DATE_RFC822</td>
<td>RFC 822</td>
<td>Sun, 14 Aug 05 16:13:03 UTC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DATE_RFC850</td>
<td>RFC 850</td>
<td>Sunday, 14-Aug-05 16:13:03 UTC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DATE_RFC1036</td>
<td>RFC 1036</td>
<td>Sunday, 14-Aug-05 16:13:03 UTC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DATE_RFC1123</td>
<td>RFC 1123</td>
<td>Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DATE_RFC2822</td>
<td>RFC 2822</td>
<td>Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 +0000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DATE_RSS</td>
<td>RSS</td>
<td>Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DATE_W3C</td>
<td>W3C</td>
<td>2005-08-14T16:13:03+0000</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="local_to_gmt">
<code class="descname">local_to_gmt</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#local_to_gmt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">UNIX timestamp</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes a UNIX timestamp as input and returns it as GMT.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$gmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">local_to_gmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">());</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="gmt_to_local">
<code class="descname">gmt_to_local</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$timezone = 'UTC'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$dst = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gmt_to_local" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
<li><strong>$timezone</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Timezone</li>
<li><strong>$dst</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether DST is active</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">UNIX timestamp</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes a UNIX timestamp (referenced to GMT) as input, and converts it to
a localized timestamp based on the timezone and Daylight Saving Time
submitted.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$timestamp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1140153693</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$timezone</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;UM8&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$daylight_saving</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">gmt_to_local</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$timestamp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$timezone</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$daylight_saving</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">For a list of timezones see the reference at the bottom of this page.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="mysql_to_unix">
<code class="descname">mysql_to_unix</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#mysql_to_unix" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>string</em>) – MySQL timestamp</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">UNIX timestamp</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes a MySQL Timestamp as input and returns it as a UNIX timestamp.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$unix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">mysql_to_unix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;20061124092345&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="unix_to_human">
<code class="descname">unix_to_human</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$seconds = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$fmt = 'us'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unix_to_human" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
<li><strong>$seconds</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to show seconds</li>
<li><strong>$fmt</strong> (<em>string</em>) – format (us or euro)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted date</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes a UNIX timestamp as input and returns it in a human readable
format with this prototype:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">YYYY</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">MM</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">DD</span> <span class="nx">HH</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="nx">MM</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="nx">SS</span> <span class="nx">AM</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">PM</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This can be useful if you need to display a date in a form field for
submission.</p>
<p>The time can be formatted with or without seconds, and it can be set to
European or US format. If only the timestamp is submitted it will return
the time without seconds formatted for the U.S.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">unix_to_human</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$now</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// U.S. time, no seconds</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">unix_to_human</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$now</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;us&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// U.S. time with seconds</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">unix_to_human</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$now</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;eu&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Euro time with seconds</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="human_to_unix">
<code class="descname">human_to_unix</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$datestr = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#human_to_unix" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$datestr</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Date string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">UNIX timestamp or FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The opposite of the <code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">unix_to_time()</span></code> function. Takes a “human”
time as input and returns it as a UNIX timestamp. This is useful if you
accept “human” formatted dates submitted via a form. Returns boolean FALSE
date string passed to it is not formatted as indicated above.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$human</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">unix_to_human</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$now</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$unix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">human_to_unix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$human</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="nice_date">
<code class="descname">nice_date</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$bad_date = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$format = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nice_date" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$bad_date</strong> (<em>int</em>) – The terribly formatted date-like string</li>
<li><strong>$format</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Date format to return (same as PHP’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code> function)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted date</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function can take a number poorly-formed date formats and convert
them into something useful. It also accepts well-formed dates.</p>
<p>The function will return a UNIX timestamp by default. You can, optionally,
pass a format string (the same type as the PHP <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code> function accepts)
as the second parameter.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$bad_date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;199605&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Should Produce: 1996-05-01</span>
<span class="nv">$better_date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">nice_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$bad_date</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Y-m-d&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="nv">$bad_date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;9-11-2001&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Should Produce: 2001-09-11</span>
<span class="nv">$better_date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">nice_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$bad_date</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Y-m-d&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use PHP’s native <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.php.net/datetime">DateTime class</a> instead.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="timespan">
<code class="descname">timespan</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$seconds = 1</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$units = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#timespan" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$seconds</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of seconds</li>
<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>string</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
<li><strong>$units</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of time units to display</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted time difference</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Formats a UNIX timestamp so that is appears similar to this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nx">Year</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="nx">Months</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="nx">Weeks</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="nx">Days</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="nx">Hours</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span> <span class="nx">Minutes</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The first parameter must contain a UNIX timestamp.
The second parameter must contain a timestamp that is greater that the
first timestamp.
The thirdparameter is optional and limits the number of time units to display.</p>
<p>If the second parameter empty, the current time will be used.</p>
<p>The most common purpose for this function is to show how much time has
elapsed from some point in time in the past to now.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$post_date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1079621429&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$units</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">timespan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$post_date</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$now</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$units</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The text generated by this function is found in the following language
file: <cite>language/&lt;your_lang&gt;/date_lang.php</cite></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="days_in_month">
<code class="descname">days_in_month</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$month = 0</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$year = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#days_in_month" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$month</strong> (<em>int</em>) – a numeric month</li>
<li><strong>$year</strong> (<em>int</em>) – a numeric year</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Count of days in the specified month</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the number of days in a given month/year. Takes leap years into
account.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">days_in_month</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mo">06</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2005</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the second parameter is empty, the current year will be used.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function will alias the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cal_days_in_month()</span></code>, if
it is available.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="date_range">
<code class="descname">date_range</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$unix_start = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$mixed = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$is_unix = TRUE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$format = 'Y-m-d'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#date_range" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$unix_start</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp of the range start date</li>
<li><strong>$mixed</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp of the range end date or interval in days</li>
<li><strong>$is_unix</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – set to FALSE if $mixed is not a timestamp</li>
<li><strong>$format</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Output date format, same as in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array of dates</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a list of dates within a specified period.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$range</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">date_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2012-01-01&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;2012-01-15&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;First 15 days of 2012:&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$range</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$date</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="timezones">
<code class="descname">timezones</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$tz = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#timezones" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$tz</strong> (<em>string</em>) – A numeric timezone</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Hour difference from UTC</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes a timezone reference (for a list of valid timezones, see the
“Timezone Reference” below) and returns the number of hours offset from
UTC.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">timezones</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;UM5&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This function is useful when used with <a class="reference internal" href="#timezone_menu" title="timezone_menu"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">timezone_menu()</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="timezone_menu">
<code class="descname">timezone_menu</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$default = 'UTC'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$class = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$name = 'timezones'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#timezone_menu" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Timezone</li>
<li><strong>$class</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Class name</li>
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Menu name</li>
<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML drop down menu with time zones</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Generates a pull-down menu of timezones, like this one:</p>
<form action="#">
        <select name="timezones">
                <option value='UM12'>(UTC -12:00) Baker/Howland Island</option>
                <option value='UM11'>(UTC -11:00) Samoa Time Zone, Niue</option>
                <option value='UM10'>(UTC -10:00) Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time, Cook Islands, Tahiti</option>
                <option value='UM95'>(UTC -9:30) Marquesas Islands</option>
                <option value='UM9'>(UTC -9:00) Alaska Standard Time, Gambier Islands</option>
                <option value='UM8'>(UTC -8:00) Pacific Standard Time, Clipperton Island</option>
                <option value='UM7'>(UTC -7:00) Mountain Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UM6'>(UTC -6:00) Central Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UM5'>(UTC -5:00) Eastern Standard Time, Western Caribbean Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UM45'>(UTC -4:30) Venezuelan Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UM4'>(UTC -4:00) Atlantic Standard Time, Eastern Caribbean Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UM35'>(UTC -3:30) Newfoundland Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UM3'>(UTC -3:00) Argentina, Brazil, French Guiana, Uruguay</option>
                <option value='UM2'>(UTC -2:00) South Georgia/South Sandwich Islands</option>
                <option value='UM1'>(UTC -1:00) Azores, Cape Verde Islands</option>
                <option value='UTC' selected='selected'>(UTC) Greenwich Mean Time, Western European Time</option>
                <option value='UP1'>(UTC +1:00) Central European Time, West Africa Time</option>
                <option value='UP2'>(UTC +2:00) Central Africa Time, Eastern European Time, Kaliningrad Time</option>
                <option value='UP3'>(UTC +3:00) Moscow Time, East Africa Time</option>
                <option value='UP35'>(UTC +3:30) Iran Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UP4'>(UTC +4:00) Azerbaijan Standard Time, Samara Time</option>
                <option value='UP45'>(UTC +4:30) Afghanistan</option>
                <option value='UP5'>(UTC +5:00) Pakistan Standard Time, Yekaterinburg Time</option>
                <option value='UP55'>(UTC +5:30) Indian Standard Time, Sri Lanka Time</option>
                <option value='UP575'>(UTC +5:45) Nepal Time</option>
                <option value='UP6'>(UTC +6:00) Bangladesh Standard Time, Bhutan Time, Omsk Time</option>
                <option value='UP65'>(UTC +6:30) Cocos Islands, Myanmar</option>
                <option value='UP7'>(UTC +7:00) Krasnoyarsk Time, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam</option>
                <option value='UP8'>(UTC +8:00) Australian Western Standard Time, Beijing Time, Irkutsk Time</option>
                <option value='UP875'>(UTC +8:45) Australian Central Western Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UP9'>(UTC +9:00) Japan Standard Time, Korea Standard Time, Yakutsk Time</option>
                <option value='UP95'>(UTC +9:30) Australian Central Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UP10'>(UTC +10:00) Australian Eastern Standard Time, Vladivostok Time</option>
                <option value='UP105'>(UTC +10:30) Lord Howe Island</option>
                <option value='UP11'>(UTC +11:00) Srednekolymsk Time, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu</option>
                <option value='UP115'>(UTC +11:30) Norfolk Island</option>
                <option value='UP12'>(UTC +12:00) Fiji, Gilbert Islands, Kamchatka Time, New Zealand Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UP1275'>(UTC +12:45) Chatham Islands Standard Time</option>
                <option value='UP13'>(UTC +13:00) Phoenix Islands Time, Tonga</option>
                <option value='UP14'>(UTC +14:00) Line Islands</option>
        </select>
</form><p>This menu is useful if you run a membership site in which your users are
allowed to set their local timezone value.</p>
<p>The first parameter lets you set the “selected” state of the menu. For
example, to set Pacific time as the default you will do this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">timezone_menu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;UM8&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Please see the timezone reference below to see the values of this menu.</p>
<p>The second parameter lets you set a CSS class name for the menu.</p>
<p>The fourth parameter lets you set one or more attributes on the generated select tag.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The text contained in the menu is found in the following
language file: <cite>language/&lt;your_lang&gt;/date_lang.php</cite></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="timezone-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Timezone Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#timezone-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The following table indicates each timezone and its location.</p>
<p>Note some of the location lists have been abridged for clarity and formatting.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="14%" />
<col width="86%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Time Zone</th>
<th class="head">Location</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>UM12</td>
<td>(UTC - 12:00) Baker/Howland Island</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM11</td>
<td>(UTC - 11:00) Samoa Time Zone, Niue</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UM10</td>
<td>(UTC - 10:00) Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time, Cook Islands</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM95</td>
<td>(UTC - 09:30) Marquesas Islands</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UM9</td>
<td>(UTC - 09:00) Alaska Standard Time, Gambier Islands</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM8</td>
<td>(UTC - 08:00) Pacific Standard Time, Clipperton Island</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UM7</td>
<td>(UTC - 07:00) Mountain Standard Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM6</td>
<td>(UTC - 06:00) Central Standard Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UM5</td>
<td>(UTC - 05:00) Eastern Standard Time, Western Caribbean</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM45</td>
<td>(UTC - 04:30) Venezuelan Standard Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UM4</td>
<td>(UTC - 04:00) Atlantic Standard Time, Eastern Caribbean</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM35</td>
<td>(UTC - 03:30) Newfoundland Standard Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UM3</td>
<td>(UTC - 03:00) Argentina, Brazil, French Guiana, Uruguay</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM2</td>
<td>(UTC - 02:00) South Georgia/South Sandwich Islands</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UM1</td>
<td>(UTC -1:00) Azores, Cape Verde Islands</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UTC</td>
<td>(UTC) Greenwich Mean Time, Western European Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP1</td>
<td>(UTC +1:00) Central European Time, West Africa Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP2</td>
<td>(UTC +2:00) Central Africa Time, Eastern European Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP3</td>
<td>(UTC +3:00) Moscow Time, East Africa Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP35</td>
<td>(UTC +3:30) Iran Standard Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP4</td>
<td>(UTC +4:00) Azerbaijan Standard Time, Samara Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP45</td>
<td>(UTC +4:30) Afghanistan</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP5</td>
<td>(UTC +5:00) Pakistan Standard Time, Yekaterinburg Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP55</td>
<td>(UTC +5:30) Indian Standard Time, Sri Lanka Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP575</td>
<td>(UTC +5:45) Nepal Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP6</td>
<td>(UTC +6:00) Bangladesh Standard Time, Bhutan Time, Omsk Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP65</td>
<td>(UTC +6:30) Cocos Islands, Myanmar</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP7</td>
<td>(UTC +7:00) Krasnoyarsk Time, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP8</td>
<td>(UTC +8:00) Australian Western Standard Time, Beijing Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP875</td>
<td>(UTC +8:45) Australian Central Western Standard Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP9</td>
<td>(UTC +9:00) Japan Standard Time, Korea Standard Time, Yakutsk</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP95</td>
<td>(UTC +9:30) Australian Central Standard Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP10</td>
<td>(UTC +10:00) Australian Eastern Standard Time, Vladivostok Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP105</td>
<td>(UTC +10:30) Lord Howe Island</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP11</td>
<td>(UTC +11:00) Srednekolymsk Time, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP115</td>
<td>(UTC +11:30) Norfolk Island</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP12</td>
<td>(UTC +12:00) Fiji, Gilbert Islands, Kamchatka, New Zealand</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP1275</td>
<td>(UTC +12:45) Chatham Islands Standard Time</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>UP13</td>
<td>(UTC +13:00) Phoenix Islands Time, Tonga</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP14</td>
<td>(UTC +14:00) Line Islands</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>


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