WString.cpp

/*
  WString.cpp - String library for Wiring & Arduino
  ...mostly rewritten by Paul Stoffregen...
  Copyright (c) 2009-10 Hernando Barragan.  All rights reserved.
  Copyright 2011, Paul Stoffregen, paul@pjrc.com

  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA

  Modified by Daniel Hugo on 6 Mar 2014:   
    - Implement operator+ in .h per Arduino spec, fix long snprintf 
    fmt in .cpp.

  Modified by Manoel Ramon 6 Jun 6 2014:
    - String + does not handle implicit type of string ""

  Modified by Jorge Rivera Feb 2021:
    - Add cast (char *) to prevent C++11 warning:
      ISO C++11 does not allow conversion from string literal to 'char *'
*/

#include "WString.h"
#include <stdio.h>


// following the C++ standard operators with attributes in right
// side must be defined globally
String operator + ( const char *cstr, const String &str_arg) 
{
    String &str_arg_o = const_cast<String&>(str_arg);
    String aux = String(cstr);
    aux.concat(str_arg_o);  
    return aux;
}
/*********************************************/
/*  Constructors                             */
/*********************************************/

String::String(const char *cstr)
{
	init();
	if (cstr) copy(cstr, (unsigned int)strlen(cstr));
}

String::String(const String &value)
{
	init();
	*this = value;
}

#ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
String::String(String &&rval)
{
	init();
	move(rval);
}
String::String(StringSumHelper &&rval)
{
	init();
	move(rval);
}
#endif

String::String(char c)
{
	init();
	char buf[2];
	buf[0] = c;
	buf[1] = 0;
	*this = buf;
}

static char * c_spec_signed[] = {
		(char *)"%d",
		(char *)"%ld",
		(char *)"%o",
		(char *)"%x",
		(char *)"unsupported base",
	};

static char * c_spec_unsigned[] = {
		(char *)"%u",
		(char *)"%lu",
		(char *)"%o",
		(char *)"%x",
		(char *)"unsupported base",
	};


char * String::getCSpec(int base, bool issigned, bool islong){
	int int_idx = 0;

	if(islong == true)
		int_idx = 1;

	switch(base){
		case 8:
			if(issigned == true)
				return c_spec_signed[2];
			else
				return c_spec_unsigned[2];
		case 10:
			if(issigned == true)
				return c_spec_signed[int_idx];
			else
				return c_spec_unsigned[int_idx];
		case 16:
			if(issigned == true)
				return c_spec_signed[3];
			else
				return c_spec_unsigned[3];
		default:
			return c_spec_unsigned[4];
	}
};

String::String(unsigned char value, unsigned char base)
{
	init();
	char buf[9];
	//utoa(value, buf, base);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), getCSpec(base, false, false), value);
	*this = buf;
}

String::String(int value, unsigned char base)
{
	init();
	char buf[18];
	//itoa(value, buf, base);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), getCSpec(base, true, false), value);
	*this = buf;
}

String::String(unsigned int value, unsigned char base)
{
	init();
	char buf[17];
	//utoa(value, buf, base);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), getCSpec(base, false, false), value);
	*this = buf;
}

String::String(long value, unsigned char base)
{
	init();
	char buf[34];
	//ltoa(value, buf, base);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), getCSpec(base, true, true), value);
	*this = buf;
}

String::String(unsigned long value, unsigned char base)
{
	init();
	char buf[33];
	//ultoa(value, buf, base);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), getCSpec(base, false, true), value);
	*this = buf;
}

String::~String()
{
	free(buffer);
}

/*********************************************/
/*  Memory Management                        */
/*********************************************/

inline void String::init(void)
{
	buffer = NULL;
	capacity = 0;
	len = 0;
	flags = 0;
}

void String::invalidate(void)
{
	if (buffer) free(buffer);
	buffer = NULL;
	capacity = len = 0;
}

unsigned char String::reserve(unsigned int size)
{
	if (buffer && capacity >= size) return 1;
	if (changeBuffer(size)) {
		if (len == 0) buffer[0] = 0;
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

unsigned char String::changeBuffer(unsigned int maxStrLen)
{
	char *newbuffer = (char *)realloc(buffer, maxStrLen + 1);
	if (newbuffer) {
		buffer = newbuffer;
		capacity = maxStrLen;
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*********************************************/
/*  Copy and Move                            */
/*********************************************/

String & String::copy(const char *cstr, unsigned int _length)
{
	if (!reserve(_length)) {
		invalidate();
		return *this;
	}
	len = _length;
	strcpy(buffer, cstr);
	return *this;
}

#ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
void String::move(String &rhs)
{
	if (buffer) {
		if (capacity >= rhs.len) {
			strcpy(buffer, rhs.buffer);
			len = rhs.len;
			rhs.len = 0;
			return;
		} else {
			free(buffer);
		}
	}
	buffer = rhs.buffer;
	capacity = rhs.capacity;
	len = rhs.len;
	rhs.buffer = NULL;
	rhs.capacity = 0;
	rhs.len = 0;
}
#endif

String & String::operator = (const String &rhs)
{
	if (this == &rhs) return *this;

	if (rhs.buffer) copy(rhs.buffer, rhs.len);
	else invalidate();

	return *this;
}

#ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
String & String::operator = (String &&rval)
{
	if (this != &rval) move(rval);
	return *this;
}

String & String::operator = (StringSumHelper &&rval)
{
	if (this != &rval) move(rval);
	return *this;
}
#endif

String & String::operator = (const char *cstr)
{
	if (cstr) copy(cstr, (unsigned int)strlen(cstr));
	else invalidate();

	return *this;
}

/*********************************************/
/*  concat                                   */
/*********************************************/

unsigned char String::concat(const String &s)
{
	return concat(s.buffer, s.len);
}

unsigned char String::concat(const char *cstr, unsigned int _length)
{
	unsigned int newlen = len + _length;
	if (!cstr) return 0;
	if (_length == 0) return 1;
	if (!reserve(newlen)) return 0;
	strcpy(buffer + len, cstr);
	len = newlen;
	return 1;
}

unsigned char String::concat(const char *cstr)
{
	if (!cstr) return 0;
	return concat(cstr, (unsigned int)strlen(cstr));
}

unsigned char String::concat(char c)
{
	char buf[2];
	buf[0] = c;
	buf[1] = 0;
	return concat(buf, 1);
}

unsigned char String::concat(unsigned char num)
{
	char buf[4];
	//itoa(num, buf, 10);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), getCSpec(10, true, false), num);
	return concat(buf, (unsigned int)strlen(buf));
}

unsigned char String::concat(int num)
{
	char buf[7];
	//itoa(num, buf, 10);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), getCSpec(10, true, false), num);
	return concat(buf, (unsigned int)strlen(buf));
}

unsigned char String::concat(unsigned int num)
{
	char buf[6];
	//utoa(num, buf, 10);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), getCSpec(10, false, false), num);
	return concat(buf, (unsigned int)strlen(buf));
}

unsigned char String::concat(long num)
{
	char buf[12];
	//ltoa(num, buf, 10);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), getCSpec(10, true, true), num);
	return concat(buf, (unsigned int)strlen(buf));
}

unsigned char String::concat(unsigned long num)
{
	char buf[11];
	//ultoa(num, buf, 10);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), getCSpec(10, false, true), num);
	return concat(buf, (unsigned int)strlen(buf));
}

/*********************************************/
/*  Concatenate                              */
/*********************************************/

StringSumHelper & operator + (const StringSumHelper &lhs, const String &rhs)
{
	StringSumHelper &a = const_cast<StringSumHelper&>(lhs);
	if (!a.concat(rhs.buffer, rhs.len)) a.invalidate();
	return a;
}

StringSumHelper & operator + (const StringSumHelper &lhs, const char *cstr)
{
	StringSumHelper &a = const_cast<StringSumHelper&>(lhs);
	if (!cstr || !a.concat(cstr, (unsigned int)strlen(cstr))) a.invalidate();
	return a;
}

StringSumHelper & operator + (const StringSumHelper &lhs, char c)
{
	StringSumHelper &a = const_cast<StringSumHelper&>(lhs);
	if (!a.concat(c)) a.invalidate();
	return a;
}

StringSumHelper & operator + (const StringSumHelper &lhs, unsigned char num)
{
	StringSumHelper &a = const_cast<StringSumHelper&>(lhs);
	if (!a.concat(num)) a.invalidate();
	return a;
}

StringSumHelper & operator + (const StringSumHelper &lhs, int num)
{
	StringSumHelper &a = const_cast<StringSumHelper&>(lhs);
	if (!a.concat(num)) a.invalidate();
	return a;
}

StringSumHelper & operator + (const StringSumHelper &lhs, unsigned int num)
{
	StringSumHelper &a = const_cast<StringSumHelper&>(lhs);
	if (!a.concat(num)) a.invalidate();
	return a;
}

StringSumHelper & operator + (const StringSumHelper &lhs, long num)
{
	StringSumHelper &a = const_cast<StringSumHelper&>(lhs);
	if (!a.concat(num)) a.invalidate();
	return a;
}

StringSumHelper & operator + (const StringSumHelper &lhs, unsigned long num)
{
	StringSumHelper &a = const_cast<StringSumHelper&>(lhs);
	if (!a.concat(num)) a.invalidate();
	return a;
}

/*********************************************/
/*  Comparison                               */
/*********************************************/

int String::compareTo(const String &s) const
{
	if (!buffer || !s.buffer) {
		if (s.buffer && s.len > 0) return 0 - *(unsigned char *)s.buffer;
		if (buffer && len > 0) return *(unsigned char *)buffer;
		return 0;
	}
	return strcmp(buffer, s.buffer);
}

unsigned char String::equals(const String &s2) const
{
	return (len == s2.len && compareTo(s2) == 0);
}

unsigned char String::equals(const char *cstr) const
{
	if (len == 0) return (cstr == NULL || *cstr == 0);
	if (cstr == NULL) return buffer[0] == 0;
	return strcmp(buffer, cstr) == 0;
}

unsigned char String::operator<(const String &rhs) const
{
	return compareTo(rhs) < 0;
}

unsigned char String::operator>(const String &rhs) const
{
	return compareTo(rhs) > 0;
}

unsigned char String::operator<=(const String &rhs) const
{
	return compareTo(rhs) <= 0;
}

unsigned char String::operator>=(const String &rhs) const
{
	return compareTo(rhs) >= 0;
}

unsigned char String::equalsIgnoreCase( const String &s2 ) const
{
	if (this == &s2) return 1;
	if (len != s2.len) return 0;
	if (len == 0) return 1;
	const char *p1 = buffer;
	const char *p2 = s2.buffer;
	while (*p1) {
		if (tolower(*p1++) != tolower(*p2++)) return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

unsigned char String::startsWith( const String &s2 ) const
{
	if (len < s2.len) return 0;
	return startsWith(s2, 0);
}

unsigned char String::startsWith( const String &s2, unsigned int offset ) const
{
	if (offset > len - s2.len || !buffer || !s2.buffer) return 0;
	return strncmp( &buffer[offset], s2.buffer, s2.len ) == 0;
}

unsigned char String::endsWith( const String &s2 ) const
{
	if ( len < s2.len || !buffer || !s2.buffer) return 0;
	return strcmp(&buffer[len - s2.len], s2.buffer) == 0;
}

/*********************************************/
/*  Character Access                         */
/*********************************************/

char String::charAt(unsigned int loc) const
{
	return operator[](loc);
}

void String::setCharAt(unsigned int loc, char c)
{
	if (loc < len) buffer[loc] = c;
}

char & String::operator[](unsigned int index)
{
	static char dummy_writable_char;
	if (index >= len || !buffer) {
		dummy_writable_char = 0;
		return dummy_writable_char;
	}
	return buffer[index];
}

char String::operator[]( unsigned int index ) const
{
	if (index >= len || !buffer) return 0;
	return buffer[index];
}

void String::getBytes(unsigned char *buf, unsigned int bufsize, unsigned int index) const
{
	if (!bufsize || !buf) return;
	if (index >= len) {
		buf[0] = 0;
		return;
	}
	unsigned int n = bufsize - 1;
	if (n > len - index) n = len - index;
	strncpy((char *)buf, buffer + index, n);
	buf[n] = 0;
}

/*********************************************/
/*  Search                                   */
/*********************************************/

int String::indexOf(char c) const
{
	return indexOf(c, 0);
}

int String::indexOf( char ch, unsigned int fromIndex ) const
{
	if (fromIndex >= len) return -1;
	const char* temp = strchr(buffer + fromIndex, ch);
	if (temp == NULL) return -1;
	return (int)(temp - buffer);
}

int String::indexOf(const String &s2) const
{
	return indexOf(s2, 0);
}

int String::indexOf(const String &s2, unsigned int fromIndex) const
{
	if (fromIndex >= len) return -1;
	const char *found = strstr(buffer + fromIndex, s2.buffer);
	if (found == NULL) return -1;
	return (int)(found - buffer);
}

int String::lastIndexOf( char theChar ) const
{
	return lastIndexOf(theChar, len - 1);
}

int String::lastIndexOf(char ch, unsigned int fromIndex) const
{
	if (fromIndex >= len) return -1;
	char tempchar = buffer[fromIndex + 1];
	buffer[fromIndex + 1] = '\0';
	char* temp = strrchr( buffer, ch );
	buffer[fromIndex + 1] = tempchar;
	if (temp == NULL) return -1;
	return (int)(temp - buffer);
}

int String::lastIndexOf(const String &s2) const
{
	return lastIndexOf(s2, len - s2.len);
}

int String::lastIndexOf(const String &s2, unsigned int fromIndex) const
{
  	if (s2.len == 0 || len == 0 || s2.len > len) return -1;
	if (fromIndex >= len) fromIndex = len - 1;
	int found = -1;
	for (char *p = buffer; p <= buffer + fromIndex; p++) {
		p = strstr(p, s2.buffer);
		if (!p) break;
		if ((unsigned int)(p - buffer) <= fromIndex) found = (int)(p - buffer);
	}
	return found;
}

String String::substring(unsigned int left, unsigned int right) const
{
	if (left > right) {
		unsigned int temp = right;
		right = left;
		left = temp;
	}
	String out;
	if (left > len) return out;
	if (right > len) right = len;
	char temp = buffer[right];  // save the replaced character
	buffer[right] = '\0';
	out = buffer + left;  // pointer arithmetic
	buffer[right] = temp;  //restore character
	return out;
}

/*********************************************/
/*  Modification                             */
/*********************************************/

void String::replace(char find, char _replace)
{
	if (!buffer) return;
	for (char *p = buffer; *p; p++) {
		if (*p == find) *p = _replace;
	}
}

void String::replace(const String& find, const String& _replace)
{
	if (len == 0 || find.len == 0) return;
	int diff = (int)(_replace.len - find.len);
	char *readFrom = buffer;
	char *foundAt;
	if (diff == 0) {
		while ((foundAt = strstr(readFrom, find.buffer)) != NULL) {
			memcpy(foundAt, _replace.buffer, _replace.len);
			readFrom = foundAt + _replace.len;
		}
	} else if (diff < 0) {
		char *writeTo = buffer;
		while ((foundAt = strstr(readFrom, find.buffer)) != NULL) {
			unsigned int n = (unsigned int)(foundAt - readFrom);
			memcpy(writeTo, readFrom, n);
			writeTo += n;
			memcpy(writeTo, _replace.buffer, _replace.len);
			writeTo += _replace.len;
			readFrom = foundAt + find.len;
			len += diff;
		}
		strcpy(writeTo, readFrom);
	} else {
		unsigned int size = len; // compute size needed for result
		while ((foundAt = strstr(readFrom, find.buffer)) != NULL) {
			readFrom = foundAt + find.len;
			size += diff;
		}
		if (size == len) return;
		if (size > capacity && !changeBuffer(size)) return; // XXX: tell user!
		int index = len - 1;
		while (index >= 0 && (index = lastIndexOf(find, (unsigned int)index)) >= 0) {
			readFrom = buffer + index + find.len;
			memmove(readFrom + diff, readFrom, (size_t)(len - (readFrom - buffer)));
			len += diff;
			buffer[len] = 0;
			memcpy(buffer + index, _replace.buffer, _replace.len);
			index--;
		}
	}
}

void String::toLowerCase(void)
{
	if (!buffer) return;
	for (char *p = buffer; *p; p++) {
		*p = (char)tolower(*p);
	}
}

void String::toUpperCase(void)
{
	if (!buffer) return;
	for (char *p = buffer; *p; p++) {
		*p = (char)toupper(*p);
	}
}

void String::trim(void)
{
	if (!buffer || len == 0) return;
	char *begin = buffer;
	while (isspace(*begin)) begin++;
	char *end = buffer + len - 1;
	while (isspace(*end) && end >= begin) end--;
	len = (unsigned int)(end + 1 - begin);
	if (begin > buffer) memcpy(buffer, begin, len);
	buffer[len] = 0;
}

/*********************************************/
/*  Parsing / Conversion                     */
/*********************************************/

long String::toInt(void) const
{
	if (buffer) return atol(buffer);
	return 0;
}