protocol.h

// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2017 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#ifndef __cplusplus
#error This header can only be compiled as C++.
#endif

#ifndef BITCOIN_PROTOCOL_H
#define BITCOIN_PROTOCOL_H

#include <netaddress.h>
#include <serialize.h>
#include <uint256.h>
#include <version.h>

#include <atomic>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string>

/** Message header.
 * (4) message start.
 * (12) command.
 * (4) size.
 * (4) checksum.
 */
class CMessageHeader
{
public:
    static constexpr size_t MESSAGE_START_SIZE = 4;
    static constexpr size_t COMMAND_SIZE = 12;
    static constexpr size_t MESSAGE_SIZE_SIZE = 4;
    static constexpr size_t CHECKSUM_SIZE = 4;
    static constexpr size_t MESSAGE_SIZE_OFFSET = MESSAGE_START_SIZE + COMMAND_SIZE;
    static constexpr size_t CHECKSUM_OFFSET = MESSAGE_SIZE_OFFSET + MESSAGE_SIZE_SIZE;
    static constexpr size_t HEADER_SIZE = MESSAGE_START_SIZE + COMMAND_SIZE + MESSAGE_SIZE_SIZE + CHECKSUM_SIZE;
    typedef unsigned char MessageStartChars[MESSAGE_START_SIZE];

    explicit CMessageHeader(const MessageStartChars& pchMessageStartIn);
    CMessageHeader(const MessageStartChars& pchMessageStartIn, const char* pszCommand, unsigned int nMessageSizeIn);

    std::string GetCommand() const;
    bool IsValid(const MessageStartChars& messageStart) const;

    ADD_SERIALIZE_METHODS;

    template <typename Stream, typename Operation>
    inline void SerializationOp(Stream& s, Operation ser_action)
    {
        READWRITE(FLATDATA(pchMessageStart));
        READWRITE(FLATDATA(pchCommand));
        READWRITE(nMessageSize);
        READWRITE(FLATDATA(pchChecksum));
    }

    char pchMessageStart[MESSAGE_START_SIZE];
    char pchCommand[COMMAND_SIZE];
    uint32_t nMessageSize;
    uint8_t pchChecksum[CHECKSUM_SIZE];
};

/**
 * Bitcoin protocol message types. When adding new message types, don't forget
 * to update allNetMessageTypes in protocol.cpp.
 */
namespace NetMsgType {

/**
 * The version message provides information about the transmitting node to the
 * receiving node at the beginning of a connection.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#version
 */
extern const char *VERSION;
/**
 * The verack message acknowledges a previously-received version message,
 * informing the connecting node that it can begin to send other messages.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#verack
 */
extern const char *VERACK;
/**
 * The addr (IP address) message relays connection information for peers on the
 * network.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#addr
 */
extern const char *ADDR;
/**
 * The inv message (inventory message) transmits one or more inventories of
 * objects known to the transmitting peer.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#inv
 */
extern const char *INV;
/**
 * The getdata message requests one or more data objects from another node.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#getdata
 */
extern const char *GETDATA;
/**
 * The merkleblock message is a reply to a getdata message which requested a
 * block using the inventory type MSG_MERKLEBLOCK.
 * @since protocol version 70001 as described by BIP37.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#merkleblock
 */
extern const char *MERKLEBLOCK;
/**
 * The getblocks message requests an inv message that provides block header
 * hashes starting from a particular point in the block chain.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#getblocks
 */
extern const char *GETBLOCKS;
/**
 * The getheaders message requests a headers message that provides block
 * headers starting from a particular point in the block chain.
 * @since protocol version 31800.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#getheaders
 */
extern const char *GETHEADERS;
/**
 * The tx message transmits a single transaction.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#tx
 */
extern const char *TX;
/**
 * The headers message sends one or more block headers to a node which
 * previously requested certain headers with a getheaders message.
 * @since protocol version 31800.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#headers
 */
extern const char *HEADERS;
/**
 * The block message transmits a single serialized block.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#block
 */
extern const char *BLOCK;
/**
 * The getaddr message requests an addr message from the receiving node,
 * preferably one with lots of IP addresses of other receiving nodes.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#getaddr
 */
extern const char *GETADDR;
/**
 * The mempool message requests the TXIDs of transactions that the receiving
 * node has verified as valid but which have not yet appeared in a block.
 * @since protocol version 60002.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#mempool
 */
extern const char *MEMPOOL;
/**
 * The ping message is sent periodically to help confirm that the receiving
 * peer is still connected.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#ping
 */
extern const char *PING;
/**
 * The pong message replies to a ping message, proving to the pinging node that
 * the ponging node is still alive.
 * @since protocol version 60001 as described by BIP31.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#pong
 */
extern const char *PONG;
/**
 * The notfound message is a reply to a getdata message which requested an
 * object the receiving node does not have available for relay.
 * @since protocol version 70001.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#notfound
 */
extern const char *NOTFOUND;
/**
 * The filterload message tells the receiving peer to filter all relayed
 * transactions and requested merkle blocks through the provided filter.
 * @since protocol version 70001 as described by BIP37.
 *   Only available with service bit NODE_BLOOM since protocol version
 *   70011 as described by BIP111.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#filterload
 */
extern const char *FILTERLOAD;
/**
 * The filteradd message tells the receiving peer to add a single element to a
 * previously-set bloom filter, such as a new public key.
 * @since protocol version 70001 as described by BIP37.
 *   Only available with service bit NODE_BLOOM since protocol version
 *   70011 as described by BIP111.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#filteradd
 */
extern const char *FILTERADD;
/**
 * The filterclear message tells the receiving peer to remove a previously-set
 * bloom filter.
 * @since protocol version 70001 as described by BIP37.
 *   Only available with service bit NODE_BLOOM since protocol version
 *   70011 as described by BIP111.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#filterclear
 */
extern const char *FILTERCLEAR;
/**
 * The reject message informs the receiving node that one of its previous
 * messages has been rejected.
 * @since protocol version 70002 as described by BIP61.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#reject
 */
extern const char *REJECT;
/**
 * Indicates that a node prefers to receive new block announcements via a
 * "headers" message rather than an "inv".
 * @since protocol version 70012 as described by BIP130.
 * @see https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#sendheaders
 */
extern const char *SENDHEADERS;
/**
 * The feefilter message tells the receiving peer not to inv us any txs
 * which do not meet the specified min fee rate.
 * @since protocol version 70013 as described by BIP133
 */
extern const char *FEEFILTER;
/**
 * Contains a 1-byte bool and 8-byte LE version number.
 * Indicates that a node is willing to provide blocks via "cmpctblock" messages.
 * May indicate that a node prefers to receive new block announcements via a
 * "cmpctblock" message rather than an "inv", depending on message contents.
 * @since protocol version 70014 as described by BIP 152
 */
extern const char *SENDCMPCT;
/**
 * Contains a CBlockHeaderAndShortTxIDs object - providing a header and
 * list of "short txids".
 * @since protocol version 70014 as described by BIP 152
 */
extern const char *CMPCTBLOCK;
/**
 * Contains a BlockTransactionsRequest
 * Peer should respond with "blocktxn" message.
 * @since protocol version 70014 as described by BIP 152
 */
extern const char *GETBLOCKTXN;
/**
 * Contains a BlockTransactions.
 * Sent in response to a "getblocktxn" message.
 * @since protocol version 70014 as described by BIP 152
 */
extern const char *BLOCKTXN;
};

/* Get a vector of all valid message types (see above) */
const std::vector<std::string> &getAllNetMessageTypes();

/** nServices flags */
enum ServiceFlags : uint64_t {
    // Nothing
    NODE_NONE = 0,
    // NODE_NETWORK means that the node is capable of serving the complete block chain. It is currently
    // set by all Bitcoin Core non pruned nodes, and is unset by SPV clients or other light clients.
    NODE_NETWORK = (1 << 0),
    // NODE_GETUTXO means the node is capable of responding to the getutxo protocol request.
    // Bitcoin Core does not support this but a patch set called Bitcoin XT does.
    // See BIP 64 for details on how this is implemented.
    NODE_GETUTXO = (1 << 1),
    // NODE_BLOOM means the node is capable and willing to handle bloom-filtered connections.
    // Bitcoin Core nodes used to support this by default, without advertising this bit,
    // but no longer do as of protocol version 70011 (= NO_BLOOM_VERSION)
    NODE_BLOOM = (1 << 2),
    // NODE_WITNESS indicates that a node can be asked for blocks and transactions including
    // witness data.
    NODE_WITNESS = (1 << 3),
    // NODE_XTHIN means the node supports Xtreme Thinblocks
    // If this is turned off then the node will not service nor make xthin requests
    NODE_XTHIN = (1 << 4),
    // NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED means the same as NODE_NETWORK with the limitation of only
    // serving the last 288 (2 day) blocks
    // See BIP159 for details on how this is implemented.
    NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED = (1 << 10),

    // Bits 24-31 are reserved for temporary experiments. Just pick a bit that
    // isn't getting used, or one not being used much, and notify the
    // bitcoin-development mailing list. Remember that service bits are just
    // unauthenticated advertisements, so your code must be robust against
    // collisions and other cases where nodes may be advertising a service they
    // do not actually support. Other service bits should be allocated via the
    // BIP process.
};

/**
 * Gets the set of service flags which are "desirable" for a given peer.
 *
 * These are the flags which are required for a peer to support for them
 * to be "interesting" to us, ie for us to wish to use one of our few
 * outbound connection slots for or for us to wish to prioritize keeping
 * their connection around.
 *
 * Relevant service flags may be peer- and state-specific in that the
 * version of the peer may determine which flags are required (eg in the
 * case of NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED where we seek out NODE_NETWORK peers
 * unless they set NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED and we are out of IBD, in which
 * case NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED suffices).
 *
 * Thus, generally, avoid calling with peerServices == NODE_NONE, unless
 * state-specific flags must absolutely be avoided. When called with
 * peerServices == NODE_NONE, the returned desirable service flags are
 * guaranteed to not change dependent on state - ie they are suitable for
 * use when describing peers which we know to be desirable, but for which
 * we do not have a confirmed set of service flags.
 *
 * If the NODE_NONE return value is changed, contrib/seeds/makeseeds.py
 * should be updated appropriately to filter for the same nodes.
 */
ServiceFlags GetDesirableServiceFlags(ServiceFlags services);

/** Set the current IBD status in order to figure out the desirable service flags */
void SetServiceFlagsIBDCache(bool status);

/**
 * A shortcut for (services & GetDesirableServiceFlags(services))
 * == GetDesirableServiceFlags(services), ie determines whether the given
 * set of service flags are sufficient for a peer to be "relevant".
 */
static inline bool HasAllDesirableServiceFlags(ServiceFlags services) {
    return !(GetDesirableServiceFlags(services) & (~services));
}

/**
 * Checks if a peer with the given service flags may be capable of having a
 * robust address-storage DB.
 */
static inline bool MayHaveUsefulAddressDB(ServiceFlags services) {
    return (services & NODE_NETWORK) || (services & NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED);
}

/** A CService with information about it as peer */
class CAddress : public CService
{
public:
    CAddress();
    explicit CAddress(CService ipIn, ServiceFlags nServicesIn);

    void Init();

    ADD_SERIALIZE_METHODS;

    template <typename Stream, typename Operation>
    inline void SerializationOp(Stream& s, Operation ser_action)
    {
        if (ser_action.ForRead())
            Init();
        int nVersion = s.GetVersion();
        if (s.GetType() & SER_DISK)
            READWRITE(nVersion);
        if ((s.GetType() & SER_DISK) ||
            (nVersion >= CADDR_TIME_VERSION && !(s.GetType() & SER_GETHASH)))
            READWRITE(nTime);
        uint64_t nServicesInt = nServices;
        READWRITE(nServicesInt);
        nServices = static_cast<ServiceFlags>(nServicesInt);
        READWRITE(*static_cast<CService*>(this));
    }

    // TODO: make private (improves encapsulation)
public:
    ServiceFlags nServices;

    // disk and network only
    unsigned int nTime;
};

/** getdata message type flags */
const uint32_t MSG_WITNESS_FLAG = 1 << 30;
const uint32_t MSG_TYPE_MASK    = 0xffffffff >> 2;

/** getdata / inv message types.
 * These numbers are defined by the protocol. When adding a new value, be sure
 * to mention it in the respective BIP.
 */
enum GetDataMsg
{
    UNDEFINED = 0,
    MSG_TX = 1,
    MSG_BLOCK = 2,
    // The following can only occur in getdata. Invs always use TX or BLOCK.
    MSG_FILTERED_BLOCK = 3,  //!< Defined in BIP37
    MSG_CMPCT_BLOCK = 4,     //!< Defined in BIP152
    MSG_WITNESS_BLOCK = MSG_BLOCK | MSG_WITNESS_FLAG, //!< Defined in BIP144
    MSG_WITNESS_TX = MSG_TX | MSG_WITNESS_FLAG,       //!< Defined in BIP144
    MSG_FILTERED_WITNESS_BLOCK = MSG_FILTERED_BLOCK | MSG_WITNESS_FLAG,
};

/** inv message data */
class CInv
{
public:
    CInv();
    CInv(int typeIn, const uint256& hashIn);

    ADD_SERIALIZE_METHODS;

    template <typename Stream, typename Operation>
    inline void SerializationOp(Stream& s, Operation ser_action)
    {
        READWRITE(type);
        READWRITE(hash);
    }

    friend bool operator<(const CInv& a, const CInv& b);

    std::string GetCommand() const;
    std::string ToString() const;

    // TODO: make private (improves encapsulation)
public:
    int type;
    uint256 hash;
};

#endif // BITCOIN_PROTOCOL_H