🧩 di — Dependency Injection for Rust

A lightweight, async-friendly, scoped dependency injection container for Rust

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✨ Features

• ✅ Singleton / Scoped / Transient lifetimes
• ✅ Named service instances
• ✅ Async factory support
• ✅ Circular dependency detection
• ✅ Procedural macro for registration
• ✅ Task-local scope isolation
• ✅ Thread-safe with Arc + RwLock

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🚀 Quick Start

1. Add to Cargo.toml

[dependencies]
di = { package = "rust_di", version = "" }
ctor = "0.4" # Required for automatic handler & pipeline registration

Why ctor?

di uses the ctor crate to automatically register services at startup. Without it, nothing will be wired up.

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2. Register services

#[derive(Default)]
pub struct Logger;

#[di::registry(
    Singleton,
    Singleton(name = "file_logger", factory = FileLoggerFactory),
    Transient(factory),
    Scoped
)]
impl Logger { }

3. Resolve services

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    di::DIScope::run_with_scope(|| async {
        let scope = di::DIScope::current().unwrap();

        let logger = scope.get::<Logger>().await.unwrap();
        logger.read().await.log("Hello from DI!");

        let file_logger = scope.get_by_name::<Logger>("file_logger").await.unwrap();
        file_logger.read().await.log("To file!");
    }).await;
}

🌀 Automatic DI Scope Initialization - #[di::with_di_scope]

The #[di::with_di_scope] macro wraps an async fn in DIScope::run_with_scope(...), automatically initializing the task-local context required for resolving dependencies.

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✅ Example: Replacing main

You can replace the entire DIScope::run_with_scope block in your main function with a simple macro:

use di::{with_di_scope, DIScope};

#[di::registry(Singleton)]
impl Logger {}

#[di::with_di_scope]
async fn main() {
    let scope = DIScope::current().unwrap();
    let logger = scope.get::<Logger>().await.unwrap();
    logger.read().await.log("Hello from DI!");
}

🧠 This macro fully replaces the manual block shown in section 3. Resolve services.

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🔁 Example: Background queue consumer loop

use di::{with_di_scope, DIScope};
use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};

#[derive(Default)]
struct QueueConsumer {
    queue: Receiver<String>,
}

#[di::registry(Singleton(factory = QueueConsumerFactory))]
impl QueueConsumer {}

async fn QueueConsumerFactory(_: std::sync::Arc<DIScope>) -> Result<QueueConsumer, di::DiError> {
    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(100);
    tokio::spawn(async move {
        let _ = tx.send("Hello from queue".into()).await;
    });
    Ok(QueueConsumer { queue: rx })
}

async fn run_consumer_loop() {
    let scope = DIScope::current().unwrap();
    let consumer = scope.get::<QueueConsumer>().await.unwrap();

    while let Some(msg) = consumer.read().await.queue.recv().await {
        handle_message(msg).await;
    }
}

#[with_di_scope]
async fn handle_message(msg: String) {
    let scope = DIScope::current().unwrap();
    let logger = scope.get::<Logger>().await.unwrap();
    logger.read().await.log(&format!("Received: {msg}"));
}

This pattern is ideal for long-running background tasks, workers, or event handlers that need access to scoped services.

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✅ Why use #[with_di_scope]?

• Eliminates boilerplate around DIScope::run_with_scope
• Ensures task-local variables are properly initialized
• Works seamlessly in main, background loops, or any async entrypoint
• Encourages clean, scoped service resolution

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🧠 Lifetimes

Lifetime	Behavior
Singleton	One instance per app
Scoped	One instance per DIScope::run_with_scope
Transient	New instance every time

🧰 Procedural Macro

Use #[di::registry(...)] to register services declaratively:

#[di::registry(
    Singleton,
    Scoped(factory),
    Transient(name = "custom")
)]
impl MyService {}

Supports:

• Singleton, Scoped, Transient
• factory — use DiFactory or custom factory
• name = "..." — register named instance

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🧪 Testing

cargo test-default

Covers:

• Singleton caching
• Scoped reuse
• Transient instantiation
• Named resolution
• Circular dependency detection

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🔒 Safety

• All services are stored as Arc<RwLock<T>>
• Internally uses DashMap, ArcSwap, and OnceCell
• Task-local isolation via tokio::task_local!

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⚠️ Limitation: tokio::spawn drops DI context

Because DIScope relies on task-local variables (tokio::task_local!), spawning a new task with tokio::spawn will lose the current DI scope context.

tokio::spawn(async {
    // ❌ This will panic: no DI scope found
    let scope = DIScope::current().unwrap();
});

✅ Workaround

If you need to spawn a task that uses DI, wrap the task in a new scope:

tokio::spawn(async {
    di::DIScope::run_with_scope(|| async {
        let scope = di::DIScope::current().unwrap();
        let logger = scope.get::<Logger>().await.unwrap();
        logger.read().await.log("Inside spawned task");
    }).await;
});

Alternatively, pass the resolved dependencies into the task before spawning.

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