PHP client for Tarantool

A pure PHP client for Tarantool 1.7.1 or above.

Features

• Written in pure PHP, no extensions are required
• Supports Unix domain sockets
• Supports SQL protocol
• Supports user-defined types (decimals and UUIDs are included)
• Highly customizable
• Thoroughly tested
• Being used in a number of projects, including Queue, Mapper, Web Admin and others.

Table of contents

• Installation
• Creating a client
• Handlers
• Middleware
• Data manipulation
  • Binary protocol
  • SQL protocol
  • User-defined types
• Tests
• Benchmarks
• License

Installation

The recommended way to install the library is through Composer:

composer require tarantool/client

In order to use the Decimal type that was added in Tarantool 2.3, you additionally need to install the decimal extension. Also, to improve performance when working with the UUID type, which is available since Tarantool 2.4, it is recommended to additionally install the uuid extension.

Creating a client

The easiest way to create a client is by using the default configuration:

use Tarantool\Client\Client;

$client = Client::fromDefaults();

The client will be configured to connect to 127.0.0.1 on port 3301 with the default stream connection options. Also, the best available msgpack package will be chosen automatically. A custom configuration can be accomplished by one of several methods listed.

DSN string

The client supports the following Data Source Name formats:

tcp://[[username[:password]@]host[:port][/?option1=value1&optionN=valueN]
unix://[[username[:password]@]path[/?option1=value1&optionN=valueN]

Some examples:

use Tarantool\Client\Client;

$client = Client::fromDsn('tcp://127.0.0.1');
$client = Client::fromDsn('tcp://[fe80::1]:3301');
$client = Client::fromDsn('tcp://user:pass@example.com:3301');
$client = Client::fromDsn('tcp://user@example.com/?connect_timeout=5.0&max_retries=3');
$client = Client::fromDsn('unix:///var/run/tarantool/my_instance.sock');
$client = Client::fromDsn('unix://user:pass@/var/run/tarantool/my_instance.sock?max_retries=3');

If the username, password, path or options include special characters such as @, :, / or %, they must be encoded according to RFC 3986 (for example, with the rawurlencode() function).

Array of options

It is also possible to create the client from an array of configuration options:

use Tarantool\Client\Client;

$client = Client::fromOptions([
    'uri' => 'tcp://127.0.0.1:3301',
    'username' => '<username>',
    'password' => '<password>',
    ...
);

The following options are available:

Name	Type	Default	Description
uri	string	'tcp://127.0.0.1:3301'	The connection uri that is used to create a StreamConnection object.
connect_timeout	float	5.0	The number of seconds that the client waits for a connect to a Tarantool server before throwing a ConnectionFailed exception.
socket_timeout	float	5.0	The number of seconds that the client waits for a respond from a Tarantool server before throwing a CommunicationFailed exception.
tcp_nodelay	boolean	true	Whether the Nagle algorithm is disabled on a TCP connection.
persistent	boolean	false	Whether to use a persistent connection.
username	string		The username for the user being authenticated.
password	string	''	The password for the user being authenticated. If the username is not set, this option will be ignored.
max_retries	integer	0	The number of times the client retries unsuccessful request. If set to 0, the client does not try to resend the request after the initial unsuccessful attempt.

Custom build

For more deep customisation, you can build a client from the ground up:

use MessagePack\BufferUnpacker;
use MessagePack\Packer;
use Tarantool\Client\Client;
use Tarantool\Client\Connection\StreamConnection;
use Tarantool\Client\Handler\DefaultHandler;
use Tarantool\Client\Handler\MiddlewareHandler;
use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\AuthenticationMiddleware;
use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\RetryMiddleware;
use Tarantool\Client\Packer\PurePacker;

$connection = StreamConnection::createTcp('tcp://127.0.0.1:3301', [
    'socket_timeout' => 5.0,
    'connect_timeout' => 5.0,
    // ...
]);

$pureMsgpackPacker = new Packer();
$pureMsgpackUnpacker = new BufferUnpacker();
$packer = new PurePacker($pureMsgpackPacker, $pureMsgpackUnpacker);

$handler = new DefaultHandler($connection, $packer);
$handler = MiddlewareHandler::append($handler, [
    RetryMiddleware::exponential(3),
    new AuthenticationMiddleware('<username>', '<password>'),
    // ...
]);

$client = new Client($handler);

Handlers

A handler is a function which transforms a request into a response. Once you have created a handler object, you can make requests to Tarantool, for example:

use Tarantool\Client\Keys;
use Tarantool\Client\Request\CallRequest;

...

$request = new CallRequest('box.stat');
$response = $handler->handle($request);
$data = $response->getBodyField(Keys::DATA);

The library ships with two handlers:

• DefaultHandler is used for handling low-level communication with a Tarantool server
• MiddlewareHandler is used as an extension point for an underlying handler via middleware

Middleware

Middleware is the suggested way to extend the client with custom functionality. There are several middleware classes implemented to address the common use cases, like authentification, logging and more. The usage is straightforward:

use Tarantool\Client\Client;
use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\AuthenticationMiddleware;

$client = Client::fromDefaults()->withMiddleware(
    new AuthenticationMiddleware('<username>', '<password>')
);

You may also assign multiple middleware to the client (they will be executed in FIFO order):

use Tarantool\Client\Client;
use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\FirewallMiddleware;
use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\LoggingMiddleware;
use Tarantool\Client\Middleware\RetryMiddleware;

...

$client = Client::fromDefaults()->withMiddleware(
    FirewallMiddleware::allowReadOnly(),
    RetryMiddleware::linear(),
    new LoggingMiddleware($logger)
);

Please be aware that the order in which you add the middleware does matter. The same middleware, placed in different order, can give very different or sometimes unexpected behavior. To illustrate, consider the following configurations:

$client1 = Client::fromDefaults()->withMiddleware(
    RetryMiddleware::linear(),
    new AuthenticationMiddleware('<username>', '<password>') 
);

$client2 = Client::fromDefaults()->withMiddleware(
    new AuthenticationMiddleware('<username>', '<password>'), 
    RetryMiddleware::linear()
);

$client3 = Client::fromOptions([
    'username' => '<username>',
    'password' => '<password>',
])->withMiddleware(RetryMiddleware::linear());

In this example, $client1 will retry an unsuccessful operation and in case of connection problems may initiate reconnection with follow-up re-authentication. However, $client2 and $client3 will perform reconnection without doing any re-authentication.

You may wonder why $client3 behaves like $client2 in this case. This is because specifying some options (via array or DSN string) may implicitly register middleware. Thus, the username/password options will be turned into AuthenticationMiddleware under the hood, making the two configurations identical.

To make sure your middleware runs first, use the withPrependedMiddleware() method:

$client = $client->withPrependedMiddleware($myMiddleware);

Data manipulation

Binary protocol

The following are examples of binary protocol requests. For more detailed information and examples please see the official documentation.

Select

Fixtures

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')
space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}})
space:create_index('secondary', {type = 'tree', unique = false, parts = {2, 'str'}})
space:insert({1, 'foo'})
space:insert({2, 'bar'})
space:insert({3, 'bar'})
space:insert({4, 'bar'})
space:insert({5, 'baz'})

Code

$space = $client->getSpace('example');
$result1 = $space->select(Criteria::key([1]));
$result2 = $space->select(Criteria::index('secondary')
    ->andKey(['bar'])
    ->andLimit(2)
    ->andOffset(1)
);

printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode($result1));
printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode($result2));

Output

Result 1: [[1,"foo"]]
Result 2: [[3,"bar"],[4,"bar"]]

Insert

Fixtures

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')
space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}})

Code

$space = $client->getSpace('example');
$result = $space->insert([1, 'foo', 'bar']);

printf("Result: %s\n", json_encode($result));

Output

Result: [[1,"foo","bar"]]

Space data

tarantool> box.space.example:select()
---
- - [1, 'foo', 'bar']
...

Update

Fixtures

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')
space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}})
space:format({
    {name = 'id', type = 'unsigned'}, 
    {name = 'num', type = 'unsigned'}, 
    {name = 'name', type = 'string'}
})

space:insert({1, 10, 'foo'})
space:insert({2, 20, 'bar'})
space:insert({3, 30, 'baz'})

Code

$space = $client->getSpace('example');
$result = $space->update([2], Operations::add(1, 5)->andSet(2, 'BAR'));

// Since Tarantool 2.3 you can refer to tuple fields by name:
// $result = $space->update([2], Operations::add('num', 5)->andSet('name', 'BAR'));

printf("Result: %s\n", json_encode($result));

Output

Result: [[2,25,"BAR"]]

Space data

tarantool> box.space.example:select()
---
- - [1, 10, 'foo']
  - [2, 25, 'BAR']
  - [3, 30, 'baz']
...

Upsert

Fixtures

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')
space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}}) 
space:format({
    {name = 'id', type = 'unsigned'}, 
    {name = 'name1', type = 'string'}, 
    {name = 'name2', type = 'string'}
})

Code

$space = $client->getSpace('example');
$space->upsert([1, 'foo', 'bar'], Operations::set(1, 'baz'));
$space->upsert([1, 'foo', 'bar'], Operations::set(2, 'qux'));

// Since Tarantool 2.3 you can refer to tuple fields by name:
// $space->upsert([1, 'foo', 'bar'], Operations::set('name1', 'baz'));
// $space->upsert([1, 'foo', 'bar'], Operations::set('name2'', 'qux'));

Space data

tarantool> box.space.example:select()
---
- - [1, 'foo', 'qux']
...

Replace

Fixtures

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')
space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}})
space:insert({1, 'foo'})
space:insert({2, 'bar'})

Code

$space = $client->getSpace('example');
$result1 = $space->replace([2, 'BAR']);
$result2 = $space->replace([3, 'BAZ']);

printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode($result1));
printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode($result2));

Output

Result 1: [[2,"BAR"]]
Result 2: [[3,"BAZ"]]

Space data

tarantool> box.space.example:select()
---
- - [1, 'foo']
  - [2, 'BAR']
  - [3, 'BAZ']
...

Delete

Fixtures

local space = box.schema.space.create('example')
space:create_index('primary', {type = 'tree', parts = {1, 'unsigned'}})
space:create_index('secondary', {type = 'tree', parts = {2, 'str'}})
space:insert({1, 'foo'})
space:insert({2, 'bar'})
space:insert({3, 'baz'})
space:insert({4, 'qux'})

Code

$space = $client->getSpace('example');
$result1 = $space->delete([2]);
$result2 = $space->delete(['baz'], 'secondary');

printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode($result1));
printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode($result2));

Output

Result 1: [[2,"bar"]]
Result 2: [[3,"baz"]]

Space data

tarantool> box.space.example:select()
---
- - [1, 'foo']
  - [4, 'qux']
...

Call

Fixtures

function func_42()
    return 42
end

Code

$result1 = $client->call('func_42');
$result2 = $client->call('math.min', 5, 3, 8);

printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode($result1));
printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode($result2));

Output

Result 1: [42]
Result 2: [3]

Evaluate

Code

$result1 = $client->evaluate('function func_42() return 42 end');
$result2 = $client->evaluate('return func_42()');
$result3 = $client->evaluate('return math.min(...)', 5, 3, 8);

printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode($result1));
printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode($result2));
printf("Result 3: %s\n", json_encode($result3));

Output

Result 1: []
Result 2: [42]
Result 3: [3]

SQL protocol

The following are examples of SQL protocol requests. For more detailed information and examples please see the official documentation. Note that SQL is supported only as of Tarantool 2.0.

Execute

Code

$client->execute('CREATE TABLE users ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "email" VARCHAR(255))');

$result1 = $client->executeUpdate('CREATE UNIQUE INDEX email ON users ("email")');

$result2 = $client->executeUpdate('
    INSERT INTO users VALUES (null, :email1), (null, :email2)
',
    [':email1' => 'foo@example.com'],
    [':email2' => 'bar@example.com']
);

$result3 = $client->executeQuery('SELECT * FROM users WHERE "email" = ?', 'foo@example.com');
$result4 = $client->executeQuery('SELECT * FROM users WHERE "id" IN (?, ?)', 1, 2);

printf("Result 1: %s\n", json_encode([$result1->count(), $result1->getAutoincrementIds()]));
printf("Result 2: %s\n", json_encode([$result2->count(), $result2->getAutoincrementIds()]));
printf("Result 3: %s\n", json_encode([$result3->count(), $result3[0]]));
printf("Result 4: %s\n", json_encode(iterator_to_array($result4)));

Output

Result 1: [1,[]]
Result 2: [2,[1,2]]
Result 3: [1,{"id":1,"email":"foo@example.com"}]
Result 4: [{"id":1,"email":"foo@example.com"},{"id":2,"email":"bar@example.com"}]

If you need to execute a dynamic SQL statement whose type you don't know, you can use the generic method execute(). This method returns a Response object with the body containing either an array of result set rows or an array with information about the changed rows:

$response = $client->execute('<any-type-of-sql-statement>');
$resultSet = $response->tryGetBodyField(Keys::DATA);

if ($resultSet === null) {
    $sqlInfo = $response->getBodyField(Keys::SQL_INFO);
    $affectedCount = $sqlInfo[Keys::SQL_INFO_ROW_COUNT];
} 

Prepare

Note that the prepare request is supported only as of Tarantool 2.3.2.

Code

$client->execute('CREATE TABLE users ("id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name" VARCHAR(50))');

$stmt = $client->prepare('INSERT INTO users VALUES(null, ?)');
for ($i = 1; $i <= 100; ++$i) {
    $stmt->execute("name_$i");
    // You can also use executeSelect() and executeUpdate(), e.g.:
    // $lastInsertIds = $stmt->executeUpdate("name_$i")->getAutoincrementIds();
}
$stmt->close();

// Note the SEQSCAN keyword in the query. It is available as of Tarantool 2.11.
// If you are using an older version of Tarantool, omit this keyword.
$result = $client->executeQuery('SELECT COUNT("id") AS "cnt" FROM SEQSCAN users');

printf("Result: %s\n", json_encode($result[0]));

Output

Result: {"cnt":100}

User-defined types

To store complex structures inside a tuple you may want to use objects:

$space->insert([42, Money::EUR(500)]);
[[$id, $money]] = $space->select(Criteria::key([42]));

This can be achieved by extending the MessagePack type system with your own types. To do this, you need to write a MessagePack extension that converts your objects into MessagePack structures and back (for more details, read the msgpack.php's README). Once you have implemented your extension, you should register it with the packer object:

$packer = PurePacker::fromExtensions(new MoneyExtension());
$client = new Client(new DefaultHandler($connection, $packer));

A working example of using the user-defined types can be found in the examples folder.

Tests

To run unit tests:

vendor/bin/phpunit --testsuite unit

To run integration tests:

vendor/bin/phpunit --testsuite integration

Make sure to start client.lua first.

To run all tests:

vendor/bin/phpunit

If you already have Docker installed, you can run the tests in a docker container. First, create a container:

./dockerfile.sh | docker build -t client -

The command above will create a container named client with PHP 8.3 runtime. You may change the default runtime by defining the PHP_IMAGE environment variable:

PHP_IMAGE='php:8.2-cli' ./dockerfile.sh | docker build -t client -

See a list of various images here.

Then run a Tarantool instance (needed for integration tests):

docker network create tarantool-php
docker run -d --net=tarantool-php -p 3301:3301 --name=tarantool \
    -v $(pwd)/tests/Integration/client.lua:/client.lua \
    tarantool/tarantool:3 tarantool /client.lua

And then run both unit and integration tests:

docker run --rm --net=tarantool-php -v $(pwd):/client -w /client client

Benchmarks

The benchmarks can be found in the dedicated repository.

License

The library is released under the MIT License. See the bundled LICENSE file for details.