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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="description" content="Continuous integration (CI) automatically rebuilds, tests and deploys applications as developers commit code.">
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<title>Continuous Integration - Full Stack Python</title>
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<h1>Continuous Integration</h1>
<p>Continuous integration automates the building, testing and deploying of
applications. Software projects, whether created by a single individual or
entire teams, typically use continuous integration as a hub to ensure
important steps such as unit testing are automated rather than manual
processes.</p>
<h2>Why is continuous integration important?</h2>
<p>When continuous integration (CI) is established as a step in a software
project's development process it can dramatically reduce deployment times
by minimizing steps that require human intervention. The only minor downside
to using CI is that it takes some initial time by a developer to set up and
then there is some ongoing maintainence if a project is broken into multiple
parts, such as going from a monolith architecture to
<a href="/microservices.html">microservices</a>.</p>
<h2>Automated testing</h2>
<p>Another major advantage with CI is that testing can be an automated step in
the deployment process. Broken deployments can be prevented by running a
comprehensive test suite of <a href="/unit-testing.html">unit</a> and
<a href="/integration-testing.html">integration tests</a> when developers check in code
to a source code repository. Any bugs accidentally introduced during a
check-in that are caught by the test suite are reported and prevent the
deployment from proceeding.</p>
<p>The automated testing on checked in source code can be thought of like the
bumper guards in bowling that prevent code quality from going too far off
track. CI combined with unit and integration tests check that any code
modifications do not break existing tests to ensure the software works as
intended.</p>
<h2>Continuous integration example</h2>
<p>The following picture represents a high level perspective on how continuous
integration and deployment can work. </p>
<p><img src="/img/continuous-integration.png" width="100%" class="technical-diagram" alt="One potential way for continuous integration to work with source control and a deployment environment." /></p>
<p>In the above diagram, when new code is committed to a source repository
there is a hook that notifies the continuous integration server that new
code needs to be built (the continuous integration server could also
poll the source code repository if a notification is not possible).</p>
<p>The continuous integration server pulls the code to build and test it. If
all tests pass, the continuous integration server begins the deployment
process. The new code is pulled down to the server where the deployment is
taking place. Finally the deployment process is completed via restarting
services and related deployment activities.</p>
<p>There are many other ways a continuous integration server and its
deployments can be structured. The above was just one example of a
relatively simple set up.</p>
<h2>Open source CI projects</h2>
<p>There are a variety of free and open source continuous integration servers
that are configurable based on a project's needs. </p>
<p>Note that many of these servers are not written in Python but work
just fine for Python applications. Polyglot organizations (ones that
use more than a single language and ecosystem) often use a single CI
server for all of their projects regardless of the programming language
the application was written in.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://jenkins-ci.org/">Jenkins</a> is a common CI server for building and
deploying to test and production servers.
<a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins">Jenkins source code is on GitHub</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.go.cd/">Go CD</a> is a CI server by
<a href="http://www.thoughtworks.com/">ThoughtWorks</a> that was designed with best
practices for the build and test & release cycles in mind.
<a href="https://github.com/gocd/gocd">Go CD source code is on GitHub</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://stridercd.com/">Strider</a> is a CI server written in node.js.
<a href="https://github.com/Strider-CD/strider">Strider source code is on GitHub</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://buildbot.net/">BuildBot</a> is a continuous integration <strong>framework</strong>
with a set of components for creating your own CI server. It's written in
Python and intended for development teams that want more control over
their build and deployment pipeline.
<a href="https://github.com/buildbot/buildbot">BuildBot source code is on GitHub</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/teamcity/">TeamCity</a> is JetBrains' closed source
CI server that requires a license to use.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Jenkins CI resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://medium.com/@mondaini/assembling-a-continuous-integration-service-for-a-django-project-on-jenkins-5f979d4c4184">Assembling a continuous integration service for a Django project on Jenkins</a>
shows how to set up a Ubuntu instance with a Jenkins server that'll build a
<a href="/django.html">Django</a> project.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>My book on <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">deploying Python web applications</a>
walks through every step of setting up a Jenkins project with a WSGI
application to enable continuous delivery. Take a look if you're not
grokking all of the steps provided in these other blog posts.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://michal.karzynski.pl/blog/2014/04/19/continuous-integration-server-for-django-using-jenkins/">Setting up Jenkins as a continuous integration server for Django</a>
is another solid tutorial that also shows how to send email notifications
as part of the build process.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If you're running into difficulty adding an SSH key to your Jenkins system
account so you can connect to another server or Git repository
<a href="http://dcycleproject.org/blog/51/connecting-jenkins-and-git">this blog post on connecting Jenkins with Git</a>
to get the steps to solve that problem.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://chromaticsites.com/blog/automated-servers-and-deployments-ansible-jenkins">Automated Servers and Deployments with Ansible & Jenkins</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.catosplace.net/blog/2015/02/11/running-jenkins-in-docker-containers/">Running Jenkins in Docker Containers</a>
is a short tutorial showing how to use the official
<a href="https://registry.hub.docker.com/_/jenkins/">Jenkins container</a> on the
Docker hub.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Securing+Jenkins">Securing Jenkins</a>
is the landing page for Jenkins security. If you're deploying your own
instance, you'll need to lock it down against unauthorized users.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://engineering.simondata.com/can-we-use-jenkins-for-that">Can we use Jenkins for that?</a>
looks at how one team uses Jenkins for more than typical continuous
integration situations - they also use it as an administrative interface,
cron jobs, data analytics pipelines and long-running scripts.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>General continuous integration resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://martinfowler.com/articles/continuousIntegration.html">What is continuous integration?</a>
is a classic detailed article by Martin Fowler on the concepts behind CI
and how to implement it.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.airpair.com/continuous-deployment/posts/continuous-deployment-for-practical-people">Continuous Deployment For Practical People</a>
is not specific to Python but a great read on what it entails.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://bitcubby.com/continuous-integration-delivery-illustrated/">Continuous Integration & Delivery - Illustrated</a>
uses well done drawings to show how continuous integration and delivery
works for testing and managing data.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.rackspace.com/blog/diving-into-continuous-integration-as-a-newbie/">Diving into continuous integration as a newbie</a>
is a retrospective on learning CI from a Rackspace intern on how she learned
the subject.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://stackshare.io/continuous-integration">StackShare's Continuous Integration tag</a>
lists a slew of hosted CI services roughly ranked by user upvotes.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://buildoutcoredev.readthedocs.org/en/latest/continous-integration.html">Good practices for continuous integration</a>
includes advice on checking in code, commit tests and reverting to
previous revisions.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://blog.bwhaley.com/deploying-to-aws-using-ansible-docker-and-teamcity">Deploying to AWS using Ansible, Docker and Teamcity</a>
is an example walking through one potential way to use the Teamcity CI
server for automated deployments.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://blog.codeship.com/continuous-integration-important/">Why Continuous Integration Is Important</a>
is a high-level overview of how CI can build trust both among developers
and between developers and non-technical people in an organization. The
post also discusses tasks related to setting up reliable CI such as test
environments, <a href="/integration-testing.html">integration testing</a> and
visibility into the CI results.</p>
</li>
</ul>
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Web Development</a><a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Frameworks</a><a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Django</a><a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Flask</a><a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Bottle</a><a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Pyramid</a><a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Morepath</a><a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Other Web Frameworks</a><a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Design</a><a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)</a><a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>JavaScript</a><a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>WebSockets</a><a href="/template-engines.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Template Engines</a><a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Application Security</a><a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Static Site Generators</a><a href="/jinja2.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Jinja2</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. Data</a><a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Relational Databases</a><a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>NoSQL Data Stores</a><a href="/object-relational-mappers-orms.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Object-relational Mappers</a><a href="/postgresql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>PostgreSQL</a><a href="/mysql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>MySQL</a><a href="/sqlite.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>SQLite</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>API Integration</a><a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>API Creation</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Deployment</a><a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Servers</a><a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Platform-as-a-Service</a><a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Operating Systems</a><a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Servers</a><a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>WSGI Servers</a><a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Source Control</a><a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Application Dependencies</a><a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Static Content</a><a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Task Queues</a><a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Configuration Management</a><a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Continuous Integration</a><a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Logging</a><a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Monitoring</a><a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Analytics</a><a href="/docker.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Docker</a><a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Caching</a><a href="/microservices.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Microservices</a><a href="/devops.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>DevOps</a><a href="/nginx.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Nginx</a><a href="/apache-http-server.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Apache HTTP Server</a><a href="/caddy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Caddy</a><a href="/green-unicorn-gunicorn.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Green Unicorn (Gunicorn)</a><a href="/ubuntu.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Ubuntu</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Testing</a><a href="/unit-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Unit Testing</a><a href="/integration-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Integration Testing</a><a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Code Metrics</a><a href="/debugging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Debugging</a><a href="/bots.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Bots</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Change Log</a><a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Future Directions</a><a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>About the Author</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
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<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Continuous Integration</h3></div>
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Major updates are tweeted via
<a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>.
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Need more detailed tutorials than you see here?
<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">Learn more about The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book.</a>
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<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Chapters</a></h3>
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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web Development</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. Data</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Deployment</a> <a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>» Continuous Integration</a>
<a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Testing</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
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<a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a>
2016
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