forked from mattmakai/fullstackpython.com
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy pathubuntu.html
213 lines (211 loc) · 26.2 KB
/
ubuntu.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="author" content="Matt Makai">
<meta name="description" content="Ubuntu is a Debian Linux-based operating system distribution often used for Python development and deployment.">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/fsp-fav.png">
<title>Ubuntu - Full Stack Python</title>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.3.0/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<link href="/theme/css/f.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div style="padding: 0 0 20px 0; margin: 0 0 20px 0; background-color: #22B24C;">
<div class="container">
<p class="banner"><a href="https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/mikeckennedy/python-for-entrepreneurs-video-course" style="color: #fff">Use Python to build your side business with the Python for Entrepreneurs video course!</a></p>
</div>
</div> <a href="https://github.com/makaimc/fullstackpython.com"><img style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; border: 0;" src="/img/fork.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="logo-header-section">
<a href="/" style="text-decoration: none; border: none;"><img src="/img/logo.png" height="52" width="52" class="logo-image" style="padding-top: 1px;" alt="Full Stack Python logo"></a>
<span class="logo-title"><a href="https://www.fullstackpython.com/">Full Stack Python</a></span>
</div>
<div class="subnav">
<!--<a href="/blog.html" class="submenu-item-first">Blog</a> |
<a href="/books.html" class="submenu-item">Books</a> | -->
<a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="submenu-item-first">All topics</a> |
<a href="/blog.html" class="submenu-item">Blog</a> |
<a href="/email.html" class="submenu-item">Newsletter</a> |
<a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython" class="submenu-item">@fullstackpython</a> |
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/fullstackpython" class="submenu-item">Facebook</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/makaimc/fullstackpython.com/tree/gh-pages/source" class="submenu-item">Source</a>
</div> </div>
</div><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">
<h1>Ubuntu</h1>
<p>Ubuntu is a Debian Linux-based operating system distribution often used for
Python development and application deployment.</p>
<h2>Why is Ubuntu important for Python?</h2>
<p>Ubuntu is one of the most commonly used Linux distributions for both local
development and server deployments. Some
<a href="/platform-as-a-service.html">platforms-as-a-service</a> such as Heroku run
Ubuntu as the base operating system, so as a Python developer you'll often
have to work with Ubuntu or a similar Debian-based Linux operating system.</p>
<div class="well see-also">Ubuntu is an implementation of the <a href="/operating-systems.html">operating systems</a> concept. Learn more in the <a href="/deployment.html">deployment</a> chapter or view the <a href="/table-of-contents.html">table of contents</a> for all topics.</div>
<h2>What does "LTS" mean for Ubuntu?</h2>
<p>Every two years Ubuntu releases a Long-Term Support (LTS) version that
receives five years of updates instead of only two years for non-LTS
releases. However, there are some issues with the current LTS model,
in that you
<a href="http://www.wilderssecurity.com/threads/ubuntu-lts-many-vulnerabilities-despite-long-term-support.385386/">must only use packages from the main repository</a>
unless you're going to manually handle security updates for non-main
repository system packages.</p>
<h2>Additional Ubuntu resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Get your Python <a href="/development-environments.html">development environment</a>
set up with one of these quick tutorials for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/blog/python-3-flask-green-unicorn-ubuntu-1604-xenial-xerus.html">How to set up Python 3, Flask and Green Unicorn on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/python-3-bottle-gunicorn-ubuntu-1604-xenial-xerus.html">Configuring Python 3, Bottle and Gunicorn for Development on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/python-3-django-gunicorn-ubuntu-1604-xenial-xerus.html">Setting up Python 3, Django and Gunicorn on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>There are also walkthroughs for configuring relational databases and Redis
on Ubuntu:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/blog/postgresql-python-3-psycopg2-ubuntu-1604.html">Setting up PostgreSQL with Python 3 and psycopg on Ubuntu 16.04</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/install-mysql-ubuntu-1604.html">How to Install and Use MySQL on Ubuntu 16.04</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/install-redis-use-python-3-ubuntu-1604.html">How to Use Redis with Python 3 and redis-py on Ubuntu 16.04</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Canonical, the organization that produces Ubuntu, typically pushes the
boundaries on non-LTS releases, but occasionally rocks the boat with
major changes for an LTS release. 16.04 LTS was one such version, which
is described in this article about how
<a href="http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/05/ubuntu-16-04-proves-even-an-lts-release-can-live-at-linuxs-bleeding-edge/">Ubuntu 16.04 proves even an LTS release can live at Linux's bleeding edge</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ubuntu has been a target operating system for Docker since the beginning of
the project. Here's a guide for
<a href="http://www.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-docker-on-ubuntu-14-04-lts/">how to install Docker on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS</a>,
one of the older operating system releases that supports containers.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.codelitt.com/blog/my-first-10-minutes-on-a-server-primer-for-securing-ubuntu/">My First 10 Minutes On a Server - Primer for Securing Ubuntu</a>
is based off an earlier post of the first five minutes on a Linux server.
This one is specific to Ubuntu Linux and goes into user accounts, sudo
privileges, SSH keys, security updates and 2-factor authentication.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://major.io/2015/10/14/what-i-learned-while-securing-ubuntu/">What I learned while securing Ubuntu</a>
explains how difficult it can be just to find correct information
on how to secure an operating system. In this case, the author goes over
how he went about securing package management, security standards and
file integrity on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>After setting up your OS you should configure a web server.</h3>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="well select-next">
<a href="/web-servers.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1728 1098q0 81-44.5 135t-123.5 54q-41 0-77.5-17.5t-59-38-56.5-38-71-17.5q-110 0-110 124 0 39 16 115t15 115v5q-22 0-33 1-34 3-97.5 11.5t-115.5 13.5-98 5q-61 0-103-26.5t-42-83.5q0-37 17.5-71t38-56.5 38-59 17.5-77.5q0-79-54-123.5t-135-44.5q-84 0-143 45.5t-59 127.5q0 43 15 83t33.5 64.5 33.5 53 15 50.5q0 45-46 89-37 35-117 35-95 0-245-24-9-2-27.5-4t-27.5-4l-13-2q-1 0-3-1-2 0-2-1v-1024q2 1 17.5 3.5t34 5 21.5 3.5q150 24 245 24 80 0 117-35 46-44 46-89 0-22-15-50.5t-33.5-53-33.5-64.5-15-83q0-82 59-127.5t144-45.5q80 0 134 44.5t54 123.5q0 41-17.5 77.5t-38 59-38 56.5-17.5 71q0 57 42 83.5t103 26.5q64 0 180-15t163-17v2q-1 2-3.5 17.5t-5 34-3.5 21.5q-24 150-24 245 0 80 35 117 44 46 89 46 22 0 50.5-15t53-33.5 64.5-33.5 83-15q82 0 127.5 59t45.5 143z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">Which web server should I use?</p> </div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="well select-next">
<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1088 832q0-26-19-45t-45-19h-256q-26 0-45 19t-19 45 19 45 45 19h256q26 0 45-19t19-45zm576-192v960q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-1408q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-960q0-26 19-45t45-19h1408q26 0 45 19t19 45zm64-448v256q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-1536q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-256q0-26 19-45t45-19h1536q26 0 45 19t19 45z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">How should Python libraries be installed on a server?</p> </div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="well select-next">
<a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="32" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1216 864q0-14-9-23l-352-352q-9-9-23-9t-23 9l-351 351q-10 12-10 24 0 14 9 23t23 9h224v352q0 13 9.5 22.5t22.5 9.5h192q13 0 22.5-9.5t9.5-22.5v-352h224q13 0 22.5-9.5t9.5-22.5zm640 288q0 159-112.5 271.5t-271.5 112.5h-1088q-185 0-316.5-131.5t-131.5-316.5q0-130 70-240t188-165q-2-30-2-43 0-212 150-362t362-150q156 0 285.5 87t188.5 231q71-62 166-62 106 0 181 75t75 181q0 76-41 138 130 31 213.5 135.5t83.5 238.5z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">How do I use a platform-as-a-service to deploy my Python app?.</p> </div>
</div>
</div><div id="mc_embed_signup">
<form action="//mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&id=b22335388d" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate>
<div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll">
<h4>Sign up here to receive a monthly email with major updates to this site, tutorials and discount codes for Python books.</h4>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9">
<input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="email address" required>
<div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d_b22335388d" tabindex="-1" value=""></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="clear"><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn btn-success" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-3" id="sidebar">
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-body">
<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/"><img src="/img/sponsored/fsp-deployment-guide.png" alt="The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments" width="100%"></a>
<p style="font-size: .8em; margin-top: 10px;">Searching for a complete, step-by-step deployment walkthrough? Learn more about <a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div><div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-head">Email Updates</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<div id="mc_embed_signup">
<form action="//mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&id=b22335388d" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate>
<div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll">
<h5>Sign up to get a monthly email with Python tutorials and major updates to this site.</h5>
<input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="email address" required>
<div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d_b22335388d" tabindex="-1" value=""></div>
<input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn btn-success" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; margin-top: 5px;">
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="panel panel-success" id="full-toc">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Table of Contents</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="list-group">
<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a><a href="/learning-programming.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Learning Programming</a><a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Why Use Python?</a><a href="/python-2-or-3.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Python 2 or 3?</a><a href="/enterprise-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Enterprise Python</a><a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Best Python Resources</a><a href="/best-python-videos.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Best Python Videos</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Vim</a><a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Emacs</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Generators</a><a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Comprehensions</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web Development</a><a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Frameworks</a><a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Django</a><a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Flask</a><a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Bottle</a><a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Pyramid</a><a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Morepath</a><a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Other Web Frameworks</a><a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Design</a><a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)</a><a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>JavaScript</a><a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>WebSockets</a><a href="/template-engines.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Template Engines</a><a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Application Security</a><a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Static Site Generators</a><a href="/jinja2.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Jinja2</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. Data</a><a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Relational Databases</a><a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>NoSQL Data Stores</a><a href="/object-relational-mappers-orms.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Object-relational Mappers</a><a href="/postgresql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>PostgreSQL</a><a href="/mysql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>MySQL</a><a href="/sqlite.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>SQLite</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>API Integration</a><a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>API Creation</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Deployment</a><a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Servers</a><a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Platform-as-a-Service</a><a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Operating Systems</a><a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Servers</a><a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>WSGI Servers</a><a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Source Control</a><a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Application Dependencies</a><a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Static Content</a><a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Task Queues</a><a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Configuration Management</a><a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Continuous Integration</a><a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Logging</a><a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Monitoring</a><a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Analytics</a><a href="/docker.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Docker</a><a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Caching</a><a href="/microservices.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Microservices</a><a href="/devops.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>DevOps</a><a href="/nginx.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Nginx</a><a href="/apache-http-server.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Apache HTTP Server</a><a href="/caddy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Caddy</a><a href="/green-unicorn-gunicorn.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Green Unicorn (Gunicorn)</a><a href="/ubuntu.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Ubuntu</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Testing</a><a href="/unit-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Unit Testing</a><a href="/integration-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Integration Testing</a><a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Code Metrics</a><a href="/debugging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Debugging</a><a href="/bots.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Bots</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Change Log</a><a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Future Directions</a><a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>About the Author</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
</div>
</div> <div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">Ubuntu</h3></div>
<div class="panel-body">
Major updates are tweeted via
<a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>.
<hr/>
Need more detailed tutorials than you see here?
<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">Learn more about The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book.</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-success" id="mobile-toc">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Chapters</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="list-group">
<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web Development</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. Data</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Deployment</a> <a href="/ubuntu.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>» Ubuntu</a>
<a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Testing</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
</div>
</div></div></div>
<hr/>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="footer pull-right">
<a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a>
2016
</div>
</div>
<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-19910497-7', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
var trackOutboundLink = function(url) { ga('send', 'event', 'outbound', 'click', url, {'hitCallback': function () { document.location = url; } }); }
</script>
</body>
</html>