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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>16.2. ulimit</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="lamp,lnmp,famp,fnmp, cgi,fastcgi,wsgi, apache,lighttpd,nginx,tomcat, awstatus, webalizer" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Netkiller Linux Web 手札" /><link rel="up" href="optimization.html" title="第 16 章 Web Server Optimization" /><link rel="prev" href="optimization.html" title="第 16 章 Web Server Optimization" /><link rel="next" href="khttpd.html" title="16.3. khttpd" /></head><body><a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/">Home</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//netkiller.github.io/">简体中文</a> | <a xmlns="" href="http://netkiller.sourceforge.net/">繁体中文</a> | <a xmlns="" href="/journal/index.html">杂文</a>
| <a xmlns="" href="https://github.com/netkiller">Github</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller">知乎专栏</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://www.facebook.com/bg7nyt">Facebook</a> | <a xmlns="" href="http://cn.linkedin.com/in/netkiller/">Linkedin</a> | <a xmlns="" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/bg7nyt/videos">Youtube</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/home/donations.html">打赏(Donations)</a> | <a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/home/about.html">About</a><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">16.2. ulimit</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="optimization.html">上一页</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">第 16 章 Web Server Optimization</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="khttpd.html">下一页</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><table xmlns=""><tr><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=watch&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=fork&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&type=follow&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="240" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:240px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td></td><td><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller"><img src="/images/logo/zhihu-card-default.svg" height="25" /></a></td><td valign="middle"><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/netkiller">知乎专栏</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="ulimit"></a>16.2. ulimit</h2></div></div></div>
<p>查看 ulimit</p>
<pre class="screen">
ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 1024
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 32
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 1024
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
stack size (kbytes, -s) 2048
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 77824
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
</pre>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="id950"></a>16.2.1. open files</h3></div></div></div>
<p>对于linux系统，所有设备都以映射为设备文件的方式存在，包括硬件（键盘，鼠标，打印机，显示器，串口，并口，USB，硬盘，内存，网卡，声卡，显卡，等等....），还有软件(管道，socket)，访问这些资源，就相当与打开一个文件，
</p>
<p>所以"open files"文件数限制很重要，默认值根本不能满足我们。</p>
<p>查看文件打开数</p>
<pre class="screen">
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/file-nr
3200 0 197957
已分配文件句柄的数目 已使用文件句柄的数目 文件句柄的最大数目
查看所有进程的文件打开数
lsof |wc -l
查看某个进程打开的文件数
lsof -p pid |wc -l
</pre>
<p>临时更改</p>
<pre class="screen">
ulimit -n 65536
or
# ulimit -SHn 65536
or
# echo "65535" > /proc/sys/fs/file-max
</pre>
<p>永久更改</p>
<p>/etc/security/limits.conf</p>
<pre class="screen">
nobody soft nofile 40960
root soft nofile 40960
nobody hard nofile 40960
root hard nofile 40960
daemon soft nofile 40960
daemon hard nofile 40960
</pre>
<p>更省事的方法</p>
<pre class="screen">
* soft nofile 40960
* hard nofile 40960
</pre>
</div>
<p>最大线程数限制 threads-max</p>
<p>查看当前值</p>
<pre class="screen">
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max
32624
</pre>
<p>设置</p>
<p>有多种方法加大Linux的threads数，下买是临时更改</p>
<pre class="screen">
sysctl -w kernel.threads-max=65536
echo 65536 > /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max
</pre>
<p>永久修改</p>
<pre class="screen">
编辑/etc/sysctl.conf 增加
kernel.threads-max = 65536
#sysctl -p 马上生效
</pre>
<p>以上数值仅供参考，随着计算机发展，上面的值已经不太适合，当前流行的服务器。</p>
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