RatInAMaze prints path now

Author: chiranjeev-thapliyal

Backtracking/RatInAMaze.js

@@ -3,52 +3,65 @@
  * - Given a NxN grid, find whether rat in cell (0,0) can reach target(N-1,N-1);
  * - In grid "0" represent blocked cell and "1" represent empty cell
  *
+ * Reference for this problem:
+ * - https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/rat-in-a-maze-backtracking-2/
+ *
  */
 
+// Helper function to find if current cell is out of boundary
 const outOfBoundary = (grid, currentRow, currentColumn) => {
-	if (currentRow < 0 || currentColumn < 0 || currentRow >= grid.length || currentColumn >= grid[0].length) return true
-	else return false
+  if (currentRow < 0 || currentColumn < 0 || currentRow >= grid.length || currentColumn >= grid[0].length) {
+    return true
+  } else {
+    return false
+  }
 }
 
-const isPossible = (grid, currentRow, currentColumn) => {
-	if (outOfBoundary(grid, currentRow, currentColumn)) return false
-
-	if (grid[currentRow][currentColumn] === 0) return false
-
-	if (currentRow === targetRow && currentColumn === targetColumn) {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	const directions = [
-		[1, 0],
-		[0, 1],
-		[-1, 0],
-		[0, -1]
-	]
-
-	for (let i = 0; i < directions.length; i++) {
-		const nextRow = currentRow + directions[i][0]; const nextColumn = currentColumn + directions[i][1]
-		grid[currentRow][currentColumn] = 0
-		if (isPossible(grid, nextRow, nextColumn)) return true
-		grid[currentRow][currentColumn] = 1
-	}
-	return false
+const printPath = (grid, currentRow, currentColumn, path) => {
+  // If cell is out of boundary, we can't proceed
+  if (outOfBoundary(grid, currentRow, currentColumn)) return false
+
+  // If cell is blocked then you can't go ahead
+  if (grid[currentRow][currentColumn] === 0) return false
+
+  // If we reached target cell, then print path
+  if (currentRow === targetRow && currentColumn === targetColumn) {
+    console.log(path)
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // R,L,D,U are directions `Right, Left, Down, Up`
+  const directions = [
+    [1, 0, 'D'],
+    [-1, 0, 'U'],
+    [0, 1, 'R'],
+    [0, -1, 'L']
+  ]
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < directions.length; i++) {
+    const nextRow = currentRow + directions[i][0]
+    const nextColumn = currentColumn + directions[i][1]
+    const updatedPath = path + directions[i][2]
+
+    grid[currentRow][currentColumn] = 0
+    if (printPath(grid, nextRow, nextColumn, updatedPath)) return true
+    grid[currentRow][currentColumn] = 1
+  }
+  return false
 }
 
 // Driver Code
 
 const grid = [
-	[1, 1, 1, 1],
-	[1, 0, 0, 1],
-	[0, 0, 1, 0],
-	[1, 1, 0, 1]
+  [1, 1, 1, 1],
+  [1, 0, 0, 1],
+  [0, 0, 1, 1],
+  [1, 1, 0, 1]
 ]
 
 const targetRow = grid.length - 1
 const targetColumn = grid[0].length - 1
 
-if (isPossible(grid, 0, 0)) {
-	console.log('Possible')
-} else {
-	console.log('Not Possible')
-}
+// Variation 2 : print a possible path to reach from (0, 0) to (N-1, N-1)
+// If there is no path possible then it will print "Not Possible"
+!printPath(grid, 0, 0, '') && console.log('Not Possible')