CALC-NEWS

Copyright (C) 2001-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for license conditions.

Calc is an advanced desk calculator for GNU Emacs.

Originally written by:
	Dave Gillespie
	c/o Synaptics, Inc.
	2698 Orchard Parkway
	San Jose CA 95134
	daveg@synaptics.com, uunet!synaptx!daveg

Calc was maintained for many years by:
     Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>

Summary of changes to "Calc"
------- -- ------- --  ----

For changes in Emacs 23.1 and later, see the main Emacs NEWS file.

* Version 2.1:

** New matrix mode for square matrices.  Improved handling of
  non-commutative products.

** New functions: powerexpand and ldiv.

** Added new functions: sec, csc, cot, sech, csch, coth.

** 0^0 now evaluates to 1.

** Added a new language mode for LaTeX.

** Calc now tries to use an appropriate language mode in embedded mode.

** Calc now restores original modes when leaving embedded mode.

** User settable variables which are not set with keystrokes are now
  customizable.

** Made ~/.calc.el the default Calc settings file.

** Miscellaneous updates and bugfixes.


* Version 2.02f:

** Fixed a bug which broke `I', `H', `K' prefix keys in recent Emacs.

** Fixed a bug in calc.texinfo which prevented "make tex2" from working.

** Updated `C-y' (calc-yank) to understand Emacs 19 generalized kill ring.

** Added a copy of "calccard.tex", the Calc quick reference card.


* Version 2.02e:

** Fixed an installation bug caused by recent changes to `write-region'.


* Version 2.02d:

** Fixed a minor installation problem with an Emacs 19.29 byte-compiler bug.

** Removed archaic "macedit" package (superseded by "edmacro").


* Version 2.02c:

** Patch to port Calc to Lucid Emacs 19; still works with GNU 18 and GNU 19.

** Fixed a bug that broke `C-x C-c' after Calc graphics had been used.


* Version 2.02b:

** Minor patch to port Calc to GNU Emacs 19.  Will be superseded by Calc 3.00.


* Version 2.02:

** Revamped the manual a bit; rearranged some sections.

** Added marginal notes for Key/Function Index refs in printed manual.

** Changed `M-# r' to deal more gracefully with blank lines.

** Made reductions like `V R +' and `M-# :' considerably faster.

** Improved parsing and display of cases like "[a + b]".

** Added `t +' and `t -' for doing business date arithmetic.

** Added "syntax tables," the opposite of compositions.

** Added another Rewrites Tutorial exercise.

** Added the "vmatches" function.

** Added the `Modes' variable and `m g' command.

** Improved `u s' to cancel, e.g., "11 mph hr / yd" to get a number.

** Added "quick units" commands "u 0" through "u 9".

** Moved `M-%' to calc.el to avoid autoloading problems.

** Added `M-=' during algebraic entry, acts like `RET ='.

** Made `LFD' prevent evaluation when finishing a calc-edit command.

** Changed calc-store commands to use `t .' mode for trail display.

** Improved integrator to understand forms involving "erf".

** Fixed parser to make sense of "[1....1e2]" input.

** Fixed FORTRAN parser to treat a(i,j) as a_i_j if a is declared matrix.

** Got rid of some version number stamps to reduce size of patches.

** Fixed a bug in defmath treating "<=" and ">=" predicates.

** Fixed a bug in which Calc crashed multiplying two date forms.

** Fixed a bug in line breaker that crashed for large, nested formulas.

** Fixed a bug using ` to edit string("foo").

** Fixed a bug where `M-# y' in Big mode copied stack level number.

** Fixed a bug where `g O' used wrong default directory, no completion.

** Fixed a bug where "foo_bar(i)" parsed in C mode but showed as foo#bar.

** Fixed several bugs where large calculations got "computation too long."


* Version 2.01:

** Added percentage commands `M-%', `b %', and `c %'.

** Changed Big mode to force radix-10 in superscripts.

** Improved display of fractions in various language modes.

** Changed `a n' to work properly with equations and inequalities.

** The problem with cross references to Index nodes in TeX has been fixed.

** Fixed a bug where recursive esc-maps make calc-ext/-aent unloadable.

** Fixed a bug in `M-# k', then `OFF' right away, with fresh Emacs.

** Fixed a bug in which "S_i_j" was formatted wrong after `j s'.

** Fixed a bug in which `h k u c' positioned cursor on wrong line.

** Fixed a bug where `z ?' crashed if `z %' was defined.

** Fixed a bug in `j O' (calc-select-once-maybe).

** Fixed "make private" not to ask "Delete excess versions" and crash.


* Version 2.00:

** First complete posting of Calc since 1.01.

** Most parts of Calc have seen changes since version 1.07.  See
   section "New for Calc 2.00" in the manual for a summary.

** Changed to compile calc-macs/-maint, to allow "cp *.elc new-dir".

** Improved calc-describe-bindings to avoid showing redundant ESC maps.


* Version 2.00 beta 3:

** Removed version numbers from most .el files to reduce size of patches.

** Added a "calc-version" command.

** Changed `M-# ? ?' to allow for modified describe-function.

** Changed date parser to accept "Sept" as an alternative for "Sep".

** Inhibited answers to exercise from showing up in table of contents.

** Changed Makefile to say "texindex calc.[cfkptv]?" to avoid "calc.el".

** Fixed up the Makefile in various other ways.

** Rearranged banner at top of `h h' command's output.

** Changed "make summary" to print "Calc Summary" on the title page.

** Added "IntegSimpRules".

** Added `M-# :', `M-# _', and `M-# Z' options.

** Changed `^' to evaluate "[-3..-1]^-2" properly.

** Improved `f g' to give symbolic answers for, e.g., 101:2 and -3:2.

** Fixed a bug where `h k RET' didn't find the right place on the page.

** Fixed a bug that formatted "x*(y ? a : b)" as "x y ? a : b".

** Fixed a bug where defmath translated (< x 0) as (math-posp x)!

** Fixed a bug that prevented quick-calc from working sometimes.

** Fixed the `z ?' bug again (maybe this time for good?).

** Fixed a bug in which `V ^' (vint) was just plain wrong, wrong, wrong!

** Scanned for and fixed remaining bugs relating to autoloading.


* Version 2.00 beta 2:

** Changed "make info" to try "make texinfo" if "makeinfo" not found.

** Changed to "New for Calc 2.00"; texinfo.tex chokes on apostrophes.

** Added List Tutorial Exercise 14 (just in case there weren't enough!).

** Added a discussion of the `Z F' command to the Programming Tutorial.

** Improved `H a f' not to lose info if input is partially pre-factored.

** Improved simplification of expressions like sqrt(3) + 3^3:2.

** Changed Big mode to omit "*" in expressions like 2 sqrt(3) 5^3:4.

** Replaced European date format D/M/Y with D.M.Y.

** Changed `a N' and `a X' to consider the endpoints of the interval.

** Fixed a bug where TeX mode made c*(1+a/b) look like a function call.

** Fixed a bug formatting top-level evalto's while using selections.

** Fixed a bug that caused `z ?' to crash.

** Fixed a bug where `Z F' broke for argument names "t" and "nil".

** Fixed several bugs relating to autoloading.


* Version 2.00 beta 1:

** Added "What's new in Calc 2.00" to the manual (summary of info below).

** Added support for many GNUPLOT 3.0 features.

** Tweaked the Makefile and calc-compile a bit more.

** Modified to work with Zawinski's/Furuseth's optimizing byte compiler.

** Modified Calc to garbage-collect less often (raised gc-cons-threshold).

** Changed quick-calc to avoid autoloading so many parts of Calc.

** Changed Calc subfiles to work properly if not byte-compiled.

** Renamed `M-# s' to `M-# j', made `M-# s' be equivalent to `h s'.

** Changed calc-quit to avoid reapportioning space among other windows.

** Added `M-DEL' (calc-pop-above) key, to DEL as LFD is to RET.

** Added `{' and `}' to scroll vertically, analogous to `<' and `>'.

** Added `m t' for "total" algebraic mode.

** Added `d , \' option to group digits with "\,".

** Improved support of "prime" accent in "eqn" language mode.

** Changed macedit's read-kbd-macro to accept a string argument in Lisp.

** Changed calc-check-defines to use a more concise run-hooks linkage.

** Changed auto-why mode not to say [w=more] if next msg is not urgent.

** Made `a d' able to differentiate "a?b:c" and "a_i" formulas.

** Changed probability dist. functions to work with `a f' and `a d'.

** Added special constants "phi" and "gamma".

** Added "poly" function, simpler cousin of "gpoly".

** Added "pdeg", "plead", "pcont", "pprim"; cleaned up "pdiv" and "pgcd".

** Added `a p' command for polynomial interpolation.

** Added `a I' command for numerical integration; made IntegLimit variable.

** Added `a f' to factor polynomials; moved old `a f' to `a "'.

** Added `a a' to do partial fraction decompositions.

** Improved `a i' to integrate many more kinds of formulas.

** Modified `a P' to find numerical roots of high-degree polynomials.

** Modified `c 0' through `c 9' to convert int-valued floats to integers.

** Made sinh, arctanh, etc., expandable into exps/logs by `a f'.

** Added more algebraic simplifications having to do with logs and exps.

** Changed `s s', `s t', `s x', `s l' to accept an equation at prompt.

** Changed `s i' not to store Decls if its value is the default, [].

** Changed `s i' to store in `d O' language mode if in Normal or Big mode.

** Rearranged `V M'/`V R' matrix mapping modes.

** Added <#1+#2> notation for lambda expressions.

** Extended `b l' and other binary shifts to have a 2-argument version.

** Changed `u c' and `u t' to give unitless result for unitless input.

** Changed sqrt(1-cos(x)^2)-to-sin(x) to be an unsafe simplification.

** Improved simplification of sqrts, e.g., sqrt(a^2 x + a^2 y).

** Changed solver to treat (x-a)(x-b)(x-c) more intelligently.

** Changed Pascal language mode to use "$FFFF" for hexadecimal numbers.

** Added support for non-decimal display of floats.

** Changed `p' to refresh stack display if current float format uses it.

** Changed Big mode to use subscript notation for log10(x), log(x,b), r#nnn.

** Changed Big mode to format deriv(u,x) and tderiv(u,x) as du/dx.

** Changed Big mode to format integ(1/x,x) as "dx/x" instead of "1/x dx".

** Added "tty" output type for graphics commands.

** Documented Calc's random number generation algorithm in the manual.

** Fixed a bug involving having "(setq calc-timing t)" in .emacs.

** Fixed a bug that incorrectly parsed "|x| - 1" in TeX mode.

** Fixed bugs and made improvements in `a R' when widening the guess.

** Fixed a bug that where `a S' didn't solve (x - a)^2 = (x - b)^2.

** Fixed a bug that sometimes crashed `a P' on systems of equations.

** Fixed a bug that prevented `b p' (calc-pack-bits) from working.

** Fixed some bugs in which certain functions didn't get autoloaded.

** Fixed a bug in which the date <1/1/13> was incorrectly parsed.

** Fixed a bug which prevented `j D' from expanding (a+b)/c.

** Fixed a bug in solver: bad inverses for sinh and cosh.

** Fixed a bug in math-possible-signs that failed for x*0.

** Fixed a bug where sqrt(-a) was rewritten sqrt(a)*i even if a<0.

** Fixed a bug in line breaker when first "word" of line was too long.

** Worked around a makeinfo bug that handled @end group/@group badly.


* Version 2.00 alpha 3:

** Changed logic for locating component .elc files to be even smarter.

** Changed "make install" to "make compile"; added different "make install".

** Improved "make compile" to check file dates and compile only when needed.

** Made output of "make compile" in batch mode more compact and readable.

** Replaced "Quick Overview" in manual with "Demonstration of Calc".

** Changed to use keymaps for dispatching M-# and h prefix keys.

** Added TAGS target to the Calc Makefile.

** Removed most doc strings from functions; new help commands are better.

** Got rid of some crufty "fset" calls that were cluttering the code.

** Split calc-grab-region into two functions, calc-grab-region/-rectangle.

** Swapped positions of stack and trail in full-calc-keypad display.

** Improved line-breaking algorithm for displaying long formulas.

** Improved display of control characters in vectors shown as strings.

** Changed `d o' to allow fraction format to specify desired denominator.

** Changed `M-# y' to respect overwrite mode in target buffer.

** Added `H' prefix to display-mode commands to suppress stack refresh.

** Changed "calc-why" mechanism to display urgent messages automatically.

** Handled taking derivatives of symbolic integrals and vice-versa.

** Handled integrating vectors of formulas.

** Incorporated Ewerlid's polynomial division and GCD functions into Calc.

** Improved algebraic operations on "mod" forms, esp. polynomials.

** Added some more financial functions (sln, syd, ddb).

** Added nest, anest, fixp, and afixp (`H V R' and `H V U') functions.

** Added `a .' (calc-remove-equal) command to take apart equations.

** Generalized dfact to work for negative odd integers; added !! syntax.

** Changed `k f' to factor 1, 0, and negative integers.

** Changed `u M', etc., to accept +/- and [ .. ] forms as distributions.

** Changed `g q' to remove *Gnuplot Commands/Trail* window if present.

** Added support for Francois Pinard's "dumb terminal" driver for GNUPLOT.

** Added ":: remember" feature for rewrite rules.

** Changed rewrites to let pattern "a*b" match "x/2" with a=x, b=1/2.

** Added ability to put function names like "simplify" in rewrite schedule.

** Added "Rewrites Tutorial" to the manual.

** Changed ` to bind RET as newline instead of finish if editing a vector.

** Added some new exercises to the List Tutorial.

** Changed `Z F', `V M', etc. not to remove stored vars from def arg list.

** Added parsing for /1, 2, 3/ notation for Fortran mode vectors.

** Added a "%%" syntax for comments in formulas being read.

** Fixed a bug in which failing `h k' removed an existing Info window.

** Fixed a bug in `j /' operating on subformulas like "a + b".

** Fixed a bug in which "inf = inf" undesirably evaluated to 1.

** Fixed a bug that simplified "0 = 1 + a + 2" to "0 = a".

** Fixed a bug that failed for rewrite patterns like "fib(1 ||| 2)".

** Fixed a bug that arose because rewrite programs are non-reentrant.


* Version 2.00 alpha 2:

** Changed LFD terminating algebraic entry to push in no-simplify mode.

** Changed so that `K -' interprets `-' as calc-minus, not neg prefix arg.

** Improved `h c' command to understand all Calc key sequences.

** Fixed problems with DistribRules, NegateRules, and FitRules.

** Fixed several bad node pointers in the manual.

** Fixed a bug in `h C-w' when used with makeinfo-formatted manuals.

** Fixed a bug in sqrt(-1) when Polar and HMS modes are enabled.

** Fixed/improved dscalar and deven functions; added dodd.

** Fixed a bug in polynomial handling that also affected sum(sin(k),k,1,n).

** Fixed various other glitches in the manual.


* Version 2.00 alpha 1:

** Calc's tar file now creates a calc-(version) directory to unpack into.

** Calc now comes with a Makefile; install with "make install".

** Calc now comes already split into many files; installation is much simpler.

** Changed base file name of the manual from "calc-info" to "calc.info".

** Key binding for `M-# w' was documented but not implemented.

** Bound M-# ' to be synonymous with `M-# f' (used to be `M-# q').

** Changed M-# M-# to use last interface of C or K; E no longer counts.

** Changed `i' (and `M-# i') not to return to Top node unnecessarily.

** Changed `h' to be a prefix key with various help commands.

** Changed `s' to be a prefix key with various store and recall commands.

** Keys `i', `r', and `l' are obsolete (moved to `h' and `s' prefixes).

** Rearranged `K', `X', and `M-RET' keys; `K' is now calc-keep-args.

** Changed quick-calc to display input formula as well as output if room.

** Changed quick-calc to interact with the editing buffer and kill ring.

** Created pack, unpack, unpackt function equivalents of `v p', `v u'.

** Changed to expand (a/b)^x to a^x/b^x only if b > 0 (not if a > 0).

** Changed math-possible-signs to understand sqrt function.

** Changed Z [, rewrites to consider any provably non-zero value as true.

** Changed normal language modes to accept ** as a synonym for ^.

** Added "maple" language mode.

** Changed, e.g., Mathematica "(2 + 3 I)^(1.23*10^20)" to include parens.

** Generalized math-compose-big properties for all language modes.

** Introduced "string" and other function for composing expressions.

** Changed many recursive vector routines to use loops instead.

** Added evalv, evalvn function equivalents to `=', `N'.

** Changed "expr =>" not to evaluate at all if in no-simplify mode.

** Redesigned user interface of `a F' (calc-curve-fit) command.

** Added "phase" feature to the rewrite rule system.

** Added "&&&", "|||", "!!!" to the rewrite rule system.

** Introduced a new notation for rewrites:  LHS := RHS :: COND.

** Changed `a r' (but not `j r') to repeat 100 times by default.

** Integrated EvalRules more cleanly into the default simplifications.

** Added `H v l' [mdims] to measure the dimensions of a matrix.

** Changed `u c' to interpret "/units" as "1/units".

** Added `u a' to adjust unit prefix letters automatically.

** Changed `u s' to enable scalar mode while simplifying.

** Changed `c f' [pfloat] not to float integer powers or subscripts.

** Added a three-argument form for the "hms" function.

** Changed, e.g., sin(90) degrees to produce 1 instead of 1.0.

** Changed symbolic mode to prefer sqrt(int): abs([1 2 3]) => sqrt(14).

** Enhanced solver to handle, e.g., x + 1/x = a; exp(x) + exp(-x) = a.

** Enhanced simplifier to handle, e.g., exp(a+2) / e^a => e^2.

** Enhanced `a s' to simplify sqrt(x) - x^1:2 and exp(x) - e^x to 0.

** Added -(a + b) to -a - b as a default simplification.

** Added rules for differentiating sum() and prod() functions.

** Added a few more energy units (due to Przemek Klosowski).

** Added overflow/underflow checking for all floating-point arithmetic.

** Extended error forms to work with complex numbers.

** Generalized GCD to handle fractional arguments.

** Changed graphics routines to evaluate "x" values, e.g., [-pi .. pi].

** Added `g q', like `g K' but without viewing the Gnuplot Trail.

** Changed `g p' and `V M' to display better "Working..." messages.

** Modified `M-# g' to be more robust about grabbing formulas.

** Added `Y' prefix key reserved for user-written extensions.

** Added calc-load-hook and calc-ext-load-hook.

** Prevented calc-install from leaving large ~ files behind.

** Changed @bullet to @bullet{} in manual to conform to texinfo spec.

** Rearranged some chapters in the manual to be a bit more logical.

** Added calc-split-summary command.

** Fixed several bugs in embedded mode.

** Fixed a bug in calc-vector-covariance that required a prefix arg.

** Fixed a bug that prevented parsing "a=>" with no right-hand side.

** Fixed a bug which allowed incorrectly dividing a vector by a vector.

** Fixed a bug formatting sum(...)^2 in Big mode.

** Fixed a bug that prevented Calc from deleting old graphics temp files.

** Fixed some typos calling calc-inverse-func instead of calc-invert-func.

** Fixed bugs in the derivatives of conj, deg, and rad; added re, im.

** Fixed a bug where (r;theta) parsed as r exp(theta i) even in Deg mode.

** Fixed a bug which gave wrong answer for exp of a polar complex number.

** Fixed a bug in `Z F' that failed if formula used non-arg variables.

** Fixed a bad pointer to Info node "Assignments in Embedded Mode".

** Fixed several errors in the Calc Summary.


* Version 1.08 beta 1:

** Calc's copyright has been assigned to FSF, for inclusion in Emacs 19!

** Changed M-# to be a two-key sequence; use M-# M-# to start Calc now.

** Rewrote and expanded the introductory chapter of the manual.

** Added a key and function summary to the manual.

** Changed the manual to take better advantage of TeX's math formatting.

** Changed manual to be printable in @smallbook format.

** Added "calc-embedded" mode.

** Added "=>" [evalto] operator.

** Added facilities for date and date/time arithmetic.

** Added a set of financial functions (pv, fv, etc.).

** Added infinite quantities inf, uinf, and nan (plus infinite intervals).

** Added "EvalRules", "SimpRules", and "ExtSimpRules" variables.

** Added sum and product commands `a +', `a -', `a *', `a T'.

** Enhanced `a S' and `a P' to solve systems of equations.

** Enhanced solver to handle eqns like sin(x) = cos(2 x), sqrt(x) + x = 1.

** Added `a M' (calc-map-equation) command.

** Added new statistical functions: mean, standard deviation, etc.

** Added line, polynomial, and curve fitting commands (`a L' and `a F').

** Added support for composite units, e.g., "mi+ft+in".

** Enhanced "Big" mode to format square roots, choose, and powers better.

** Enhanced "Big" mode to display fractions in large notation.

** Added several alternate formats for matrix display.

** Changed TeX mode to write "(1 + x^2)" instead of "\left(1 + x^2\right)".

** Added support for relational operators in TeX and FORTRAN modes.

** Added recognition of accents like \dot, \tilde, \underline in TeX mode.

** Added "eqn" language mode.

** Added extra control over display justification with `d <', `d =', `d >'.

** Added calc-left-label and calc-right-label (`d {', `d }').

** Added "nn%" syntax for algebraic formulas; equivalent to "nn * .01".

** Added input syntaxes like a = b = c, a != b != c, a <= b < c.

** Changed "_" to mean subscripts; old use of "_" in vars is now "#".

** Introduced "matrix mode" and "scalar mode" (`m v').

** Introduced generic identity matrices (idn(1)).

** Added a method for declaring variables to be real, integer, > 0, etc.

** Added `Z S' command for editing stored value of a variable.

** Added "subst" algebraic function equivalent to the `a b' command.

** Added `a f' command, changed deriv/integ/solve-for to use it.

** Improved `a s' to simplify (x + y) (y + x) to (x + y)^2.

** Improved `a s' to simplify i^2 to -1.

** Improved `a s' to simplify, e.g., sin(pi/3) in Symbolic mode.

** Improved `a s' to simplify sqrt(8) to 2 sqrt(2), 1/sqrt(2) to sqrt(2)/2.

** Moved sin(arccos(x)) from `a e' to `a s'; not unsafe after all!

** Changed (x y)^z => x^z y^z to be a usually-unsafe simplification.

** Added thorough documentation of `a s' and `a e' to the manual.

** Improved `a c' to collect "f(a)" even if "a" also appears elsewhere.

** Introduced lin, linnt, islin, islinnt functions for linearity testing.

** Improved `a x' to use binomial theorem to give simpler answers.

** Improved `j D' to distribute powers of sums: (a + b)^n.

** Improved `j M' to merge products of powers (may need no-simplify mode).

** Changed to use defvar for DistribRules etc. so `Z V' works with them.

** Improved `j *' and `j /' to work properly in a few more cases.

** Improved `V R' to use identity value when reducing empty vectors.

** Improved `v p' and `v u' to support more complex packing operations.

** Disabled automatic simplification of sqrt(2)/2 to 1/sqrt(2).

** Bound SPC and RET to press, TAB to next-menu in *Calc Keypad* buffer.

** Added C-u ' to do algebraic entry with language mode forced to normal.

** Added "$1", "$2", etc. input notation for algebraic entry.

** Changed unary operators like `n', `&' to treat neg prefix args like RET.

** Changed ` (calc-edit) to show full precision regardless of float format.

** Enhanced quick-calc to display integers in several formats.

** Documented `g H' (calc-graph-hide) command (had been left from manual).

** Enhanced floor/ceil/trunc/round in several ways.

** Added rounde and roundu functions.

** Changed `c 1' through `c 9' to change small floats to 0.0; added `c 0'.

** Enhanced set operations to work on sets of intervals.

** Fixed erf(0), utpn(x,x,y), and arccosh(-1) to work properly.

** Changed complex arctan and arctanh to follow Steele 2nd edition.

** Expanded "Branch Cuts" section of the manual with some useful tables.

** Rearranged order of words in mode line to be a bit more logical.

** Changed `m N' (num-simplify) mode to evaluate constant vectors, too.

** Changed `a r'/`j r' to prompt twice for separate LHS/RHS if necessary.

** Enhanced `let(v,x)' in rewrites by allowing arbitrary patterns for v.

** Changed cursor positioning in second prompt for `a b' (calc-substitute).

** Changed `y' to omit line numbers more consistently.

** Changed `o' (calc-realign) to reset horizontal scrolling to zero, also.

** Added "pred" mode for calc-eval.

** Added "calc-report-bug" as an alias for "report-calc-bug".

** Added `Z T' and "calc-pass-errors" to aid debugging Calc-related code.

** Added "calc-load-everything" (`m X' or `M-# L') command.

** Enhanced calc-install to pre-build units table, CommuteRules, etc.

** Changed Calc to interact more gracefully with load-path.

** Changed Lisp Variable Index in manual to include user variables, too.

** Fixed a bug that prevented calc-install from working under VMS.

** Fixed a bug that sometimes crashed rewrites dealing with subtractions.

** Fixed a bug that prevented `a S' from solving "3 - x = 1 + x"!

** Fixed a bug in solver that crashed for certain cubics and quartics.

** Fixed a bug in calc-simplify that crashed for equations and ineqs.

** Fixed a bug which placed the "[" oddly in `d B' + `v /' mode.

** Fixed a bug where finishing calc-edit improperly obeyed language mode.

** Fixed a bug formatting (-1)^n in Big mode after selection commands.

** Fixed a bug that got ">=" and "<=" backwards in rewrite conditions.

** Fixed a bug that broke the `"x"' key in calc-keypad mode.

** Fixed a bug in which `MAP$' in calc-keypad didn't display "Working...".

** Fixed a bug where matrix division gave bad result for singular matrix.

** Fixed a bug which closed Calc window if calc-grab-region got an error.

** Fixed a bug where `a s' failed on formulas containing dimension errors.

** Fixed a bug that caused `m F' to hang.

** Fixed a bug in complex arithmetic that caused problems with solver.

** Fixed a bug which raised intervals to interval powers incorrectly.

** Fixed a bug in utpp/ltpp (order of arguments did not match the manual).

** Fixed a bug in which `t y' rounded yanked data with old precision.

** Fixed a bug in which "in(3, [3 .. 3))" returned true.

** Fixed a bug which simplified abs(abs(x)) incorrectly.

** Fixed a bug in which (a^2)^1:3 was unsafely simplified to a^2:3.

** Fixed a bug in rewrite system which missed pattern "2 sin(x) cos(x)".

** Fixed a bug in rewrite system which missed pattern "a - a cos(x)^2".

** Fixed obsolete trail tags gsmp, gneg, ginv to jsmp, jneg, jinv.

** Fixed some errors and made improvements in units table [Ulrich Müller].


* Version 1.07:

** Added `m F' (calc-settings-file-name) command.

** Added calc-autoload-directory variable.

** Extended Z ` to accept a prefix argument.

** Added keystrokes (v h, v k) for head, tail, cons.

** Extended `v e' to accept a vector as the filler.

** Changed `V M', `V R' to accept mapping-mode keys in uppercase, too.

** Changed V M ' etc. to accept $, $$, ... as argument indicators.

** Changed `t y' to accept a prefix argument.

** Put in a cleaner and safer random number generator for `k r' et al.

** Fixed a bug which completely broke `a r' command!

** Fixed "0 * matrix" to generate a zero matrix instead of 0.

** Fixed a bug in `a R' which sometimes caused it to crash.

** Fixed a fatal typo in the TeX version of the manual.

** Fixed a bug that prevented C-k, C-w, M-w from working in Trail buffer.

** Fixed another bug in `Z P' command.

** Fixed a bug in `u s' which incorrectly simplified subtractions.

** Fixed an argument-name aliasing bug evaluating lambda( ) formulas.

** Fixed overfull hboxes in the manual.

** Fixed various other bugs in the manual.


* Version 1.06:

** Added "calc-keypad" mode for X window system users (try it!).

** Improved "calc-eval" for calling/operating Calc from user-written Lisp.

** Moved vector accumulate command to `V U' (old `H V R' still supported).

** Added right-to-left reductions: `I V R' and `I V U'.

** Added set operations on vectors: intersect, union, diff, xor.

** Added `I v s' to remove a subvector from a vector.

** Introduced `H |' to append two vectors with no magical special cases.

** Introduced rhead, rtail, and rcons for isolating last vector element.

** Changed `g p' to keep temp files around until data actually change.

** Improved `a S' to solve many higher-order polynomial equations.

** Added `a P' to produce a vector of all solutions to an equation.

** Enhanced `a v' and `j v' to allow top-level-only evaluation.

** Changed `j DEL' to delete a side of an eqn or ineq, leaving other side.

** Fixed binding for keys `j 1' through `j 9'.

** Introduced "let" marker in rewrite rules.

** Enhanced the "sign" function to provide a two-argument version.

** Changed "max-specpdl-size exceeded" error message to be user-friendly.

** Put "<Aborted>" in the trail in above case and when user presses C-g.

** Changed TeX mode to generate \ldots instead of \dots, recognize both.

** Changed "sin(0)" etc. (for integer 0) to generate "0" instead of "0.".

** Enhanced Programming Tutorial exercise 2.

** Fixed an error in the answer to Types Tutorial exercise 3.

** Fixed several bugs relating to head, tail, and cons functions.

** Fixed some other minor typos in the manual.

** Fixed several bugs in `Z P' (calc-user-define-permanent).

** Fixed several bugs that broke the `g P' command.


* Version 1.05:

** Created a calc-install command to ease installation.

** Added lots of exercises to the Tutorial section of the manual.

** Added ability to select and operate on sub-formulas.

** Substantially improved the algebraic rewrite-rule system.

** Added a set of graphing commands that use GNUPLOT.

** Added a command (`a R') for finding numerical roots to equations.

** Added several new math functions, such as erf and Bessel functions.

** Added key bindings for miscellaneous commands using the "f" prefix key.

** Added lots of new vector operations, many of them in the spirit of APL.

** Added more control over vector display, including an abbreviated mode.

** Improved keyboard macro editing; added read-kbd-macro to macedit.el.

** Introduced the `m S' (calc-shift-prefix) command.

** Enhanced the calc-edit command in several ways.

** Made it possible to hit ` (calc-edit) during numeric/algebraic entry.

** Enhanced the calc-solve-for command to handle inequalities.

** Enhanced calc-simplify to handle equations and inequalities.

** Taught log10 and log to look for exact integer or rational results.

** Added ability to take Nth roots directly.

** Added "increment" and "decrement" commands for integers and floats.

** Added "full-help" command, changed "h" key to invoke it.

** Added special help for Inverse and Hyperbolic prefixes.

** Added an optional prefix argument to `o' (calc-realign).

** Changed `t s' and `t r' to use RET as the search exit key.

** Made handling of operator keys for V M, V R, etc. more regular.

** Improved TeX mode; added support for \matrix format.

** Added a variant of `m a' mode that only affects ( and [ keys.

** Fixed "Mismatch" message for algebraic entry of semi-open intervals.

** Trimmed fat from calc.el to speed loading, moved more to calc-ext.el.

** Fixed a bug in which minibuffer entry rounded to out-of-date precision.

** Fixed a bug which crashed Calc 1.04 under Epoch.

** Fixed a bug which messed up Calc Trail's mode line, among other things.

** Fixed a bug which caused trail ">" to show only when in Trail buffer.

** Fixed a bug in which "calc" called "calc-grab-region" with too few args.

** Fixed bugs in both implementation and documentation of calc-perm.

** Fixed a bug in which calc-simplify-extended always used radians.

** Fixed a bug where calc-comma failed to override "polar" mode.

** Fixed a bug doing mixed arithmetic on rectangular+polar complex numbers.

** Fixed several bugs in transcendental functions with complex arguments.

** Fixed a bug in which `a s' simplified "x / .5" to ".5 x".

** Fixed numerous other bugs in various parts of Calc.

** Completed the "Hooks" section of the "Internals" chapter of the manual.


* Version 1.04:

** Included a copy of revision history (from README) in calc.el.

** Added the "calc-split" feature to split calc-ext.el into smaller bits.

** Changed calc-unpack to unpack floats and fractions, too.

** Added "mant", "xpon", and "scf" functions for decomposing floats.

** Fixed a bug in the "y" command with positive prefix arguments.

** Rearranged binary shift/rotate command keys to be a bit more convenient.

** Fixed a bug in which simplifying "(0/0) * 2" crashed with a Lisp error.

** Made `H F' [ffloor] and friends faster for very large arguments.

** Made calc-define-del more robust.

** Handled pasting of data into the Calculator using the mouse under X.

** Made overlay-arrow variables buffer-local to avoid interference.

** Fixed a problem in which Calc Trail buffer got stuck after a C-x C-w.


* Version 1.03:

** Changed math-choose to compute n-choose-m faster when m is large.

** Fixed some problems with TeX mode.

** Fixed a bug that prevented `b s' from working without a prefix argument.

** Added "calc-eval" function.

** Improved calc-grab-region.


* Version 1.02:

** Fixed a bug in Tutorial: telephone pole height/distance were switched!

** Fixed a few other things in the manual.

** Added "full-calc" command.

** Added "calc-insert-variables" (`Z I') command.

** Quick Calc now works even if you are already in the minibuffer.

** Fixed a bug in math-mul-bignum-digit which affected math-and, etc.

** Definition of "Hectares" was wrong in units table.

** Fixed a bug in calc-execute-kbd-macro concerning undo and refresh.

** Bound "calc-undo" to `C-x u' as well as `C-_' and `U'.

* Version 1.01:

** Added a tutorial section to the manual.

** Next and Prev for node Strings in the manual were reversed; fixed.

** Changed "'bignum" in calc-isqrt-bignum-iter to "'bigpos".

** Fixed a bug that prevented "$" from working during algebraic entry.

** Fixed a bug caused by an X (last-X) command following a K (macro) cmd.

** Fixed a bug in which K command incorrectly formatted stack in Big mode.

** Added space between unary operators and non-flat compositions.
   (Otherwise, "-(a/b)" in Big mode blended the minus sign into the rule!)

** Fixed formatting of (-1)^n in Big mode.

** Fixed some problems relating to "not" operator in Pascal language mode.

** Fixed several bugs relating to V M ' and V M $ sequences.

** Fixed matrix-vector multiplication to produce a vector.

** Introduced Z ` ... Z ' commands; renamed old Z ' to Z #.

** Fixed various other bugs.

** Added calc-settings-file variable suggested by C. Witty.


* Version 1.00:

** First official release of Calc.

** If you used the Beta test version (0.01), you will find that this
   version of Calc is over 50% larger than the original release.
   General areas of improvement include much better algebra features;
   operations on units; language modes; simplification modes; interval
   arithmetic; vector mapping and reduction.  Other new commands include
   calc-fraction and calc-grab-region.  The program has been split into
   two parts for faster loading, and the manual is more complete.


This file is part of GNU Emacs.

GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.


Local variables:
mode: outline
end: