Pyroute2

Pyroute2 is a pure Python netlink library. The core requires only Python stdlib, no 3rd party libraries. The library was started as an RTNL protocol implementation, so the name is pyroute2, but now it supports many netlink protocols. Some supported netlink families and protocols:

rtnl, network settings --- addresses, routes, traffic controls
nfnetlink --- netfilter API
ipq --- simplest userspace packet filtering, iptables QUEUE target
devlink --- manage and monitor devlink-enabled hardware
generic --- generic netlink families
uevent --- same uevent messages as in udev

Netfilter API:

ipset --- IP sets
nftables --- packet filtering
nfct --- connection tracking

Generic netlink:

ethtool --- low-level network interface setup
wireguard --- VPN setup
nl80211 --- wireless functions API (basic support)
taskstats --- extended process statistics
acpi_events --- ACPI events monitoring
thermal_events --- thermal events monitoring
VFS_DQUOT --- disk quota events monitoring

On the low level the library provides socket objects with an extended API. The additional functionality aims to:

Help to open/bind netlink sockets
Discover generic netlink protocols and multicast groups
Construct, encode and decode netlink and PF_ROUTE messages

Supported systems

Pyroute2 runs natively on Linux and emulates some limited subset of RTNL netlink API on BSD systems on top of PF_ROUTE notifications and standard system tools.

Other platforms are not supported.

NDB -- high level RTNL API

Key features:

Data integrity
Transactions with commit/rollback changes
State synchronization
Multiple sources, including netns and remote systems

A "Hello world" example:

from pyroute2 import NDB

ndb = NDB(log='debug')

for record in ndb.interfaces.summary():
    print(record.ifname, record.address, record.state)

print(ndb
      .interfaces
      .dump()
      .select('index', 'ifname', 'kind')
      .format('json'))

print(ndb
      .addresses
      .summary()
      .format('csv'))

(ndb
 .interfaces
 .create(ifname='br0', kind='bridge')  # create a bridge
 .add_port('eth0')                     # add ports
 .add_port('eth1')                     #
 .add_ip('10.0.0.1/24')                # add addresses
 .add_ip('192.168.0.1/24')             #
 .set('br_stp_state', 1)               # set STP on
 .set('br_group_fwd_mask', 0x4000)     # set LLDP forwarding
 .set('state', 'up')                   # bring the interface up
 .commit())                            # commit pending changes

# operate on netns:
ndb.sources.add(netns='testns')                 # connect to a namespace

(ndb.interfaces.create(
    **{'ifname': 'veth0',                       # create veth
       'kind': 'veth',                          #
       'peer': {'ifname': 'eth0',               # setup peer
                'net_ns_fd': 'testns'}})        # in the namespace
 .set('state', 'up')                            #
 .add_ip(address='172.16.230.1', prefixlen=24)  # add address
 .commit())

(ndb
 .interfaces
 .wait(**{'target': 'testns', 'ifname': 'eth0'}) # wait for the peer
 .set('state', 'up')                             # bring it up
 .add_ip(address='172.16.230.2', prefixlen=24)   # add address
 .commit())

IPRoute -- Low level RTNL API

Low-level IPRoute utility --- Linux network configuration. The IPRoute class is a 1-to-1 RTNL mapping. There are no implicit interface lookups and so on.

Get notifications about network settings changes with IPRoute:

from pyroute2 import IPRoute
with IPRoute() as ipr:
    # With IPRoute objects you have to call bind() manually
    ipr.bind()
    for message in ipr.get():
        print(message)

More examples:

from socket import AF_INET
from pyroute2 import IPRoute

# get access to the netlink socket
ip = IPRoute()
# no monitoring here -- thus no bind()

# print interfaces
for link in ip.get_links():
    print(link)

# create VETH pair and move v0p1 to netns 'test'
ip.link('add', ifname='v0p0', peer='v0p1', kind='veth')
idx = ip.link_lookup(ifname='v0p1')[0]
ip.link('set', index=idx, net_ns_fd='test')

# bring v0p0 up and add an address
idx = ip.link_lookup(ifname='v0p0')[0]
ip.link('set', index=idx, state='up')
ip.addr('add', index=idx, address='10.0.0.1', prefixlen=24)

# release Netlink socket
ip.close()

Network namespace examples

Network namespace manipulation:

from pyroute2 import netns
# create netns
netns.create('test')
# list
print(netns.listnetns())
# remove netns
netns.remove('test')

Create veth interfaces pair and move to netns:

from pyroute2 import IPRoute

with IPRoute() as ipr:

    # create interface pair
    ipr.link('add', ifname='v0p0', kind='veth',  peer='v0p1')

    # lookup the peer index
    idx = ipr.link_lookup(ifname='v0p1')[0]

    # move the peer to the 'test' netns:
    ipr.link('set', index='v0p1', net_ns_fd='test')

List interfaces in some netns:

from pyroute2 import NetNS
from pprint import pprint

ns = NetNS('test')
pprint(ns.get_links())
ns.close()

More details and samples see in the documentation.

Installation

make install or pip install pyroute2

Requirements

Python >= 3.6

Python 2.7 or above also may work, but neither supported nor tested anymore.

The pyroute2 testing and documentaion framework requirements:

flake8
coverage
nosetests
pytest
sphinx
aafigure
netaddr
dtcd (optional, https://github.com/svinota/dtcd)

Optional dependencies:

mitogen -- for distributed rtnl
psutil -- for ss2 tool

Links

home: https://pyroute2.org/
srcs: https://github.com/svinota/pyroute2
bugs: https://github.com/svinota/pyroute2/issues
pypi: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyroute2
docs: http://docs.pyroute2.org/

C2Devel/pyroute2

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