This commit replaced _________p1 with __UNIQUE_ID(rcu), which
generates unique variable names during compilation. Necessary
modifications due to the changes in the RCU macros have also been
reflected in this commit.

The same idea is used for the min/max macros (commit 589a978 and commit
e9092d0), which aims to reduce variable shadowing issues caused by hard
coded variable names.

Signed-off-by: Jim Huang <jserv@ccns.ncku.edu.tw>
Signed-off-by: Chun-Hung Tseng <henrybear327@gmail.com>

The hrtimer_reprogram() function unconditionally adjusts the timer
expiration time.  In theory, this works (at least for positive offsets)
because a timeout some centuries into the future is not much different
than not setting the timer at all.  However, there are equality checks
for KTIME_MAX downstream, and there could be other benefits to shutting
down timers entirely.

Therefore, apply the offset only to non-KTIME_MAX expirations.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

31cd0e1 ("timers: Recalculate next timer interrupt only when
necessary") subtly altered get_next_timer_interrupt()'s behaviour. The
function no longer consistently returns KTIME_MAX with no timers
pending.

In order to decide if there are any timers pending we check whether the
next expiry will happen NEXT_TIMER_MAX_DELTA jiffies from now.
Unfortunately, the next expiry time and the timer base clock are no
longer updated in unison. The former changes upon certain timer
operations (enqueue, expire, detach), whereas the latter keeps track of
jiffies as they move forward. Ultimately breaking the logic above.

A simplified example:

- Upon entering get_next_timer_interrupt() with:

	jiffies = 1
	base->clk = 0;
	base->next_expiry = NEXT_TIMER_MAX_DELTA;

  'base->next_expiry == base->clk + NEXT_TIMER_MAX_DELTA', the function
  returns KTIME_MAX.

- 'base->clk' is updated to the jiffies value.

- The next time we enter get_next_timer_interrupt(), taking into account
  no timer operations happened:

	base->clk = 1;
	base->next_expiry = NEXT_TIMER_MAX_DELTA;

  'base->next_expiry != base->clk + NEXT_TIMER_MAX_DELTA', the function
  returns a valid expire time, which is incorrect.

This ultimately might unnecessarily rearm sched's timer on nohz_full
setups, and add latency to the system[1].

So, introduce 'base->timers_pending'[2], update it every time
'base->next_expiry' changes, and use it in get_next_timer_interrupt().

[1] See tick_nohz_stop_tick().
[2] A quick pahole check on x86_64 and arm64 shows it doesn't make
    'struct timer_base' any bigger.

Fixes: 31cd0e1 ("timers: Recalculate next timer interrupt only when necessary")
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Saenz Julienne <nsaenzju@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>

Not-yet-signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

The trc_wait_for_one_reader() function is called at multiple stages
of trace rcu-tasks GP function, rcu_tasks_wait_gp():

- First, it is called as part of per task function -
  rcu_tasks_trace_pertask(), for all non-idle tasks. As part of per task
  processing, this function add the task in the holdout list and if the
  task is currently running on a CPU, it sends IPI to the task's CPU.
  The IPI handler takes action depending on whether task is in trace
  rcu-tasks read side critical section or not:

  - a. If the task is in trace rcu-tasks read side critical section
       (t->trc_reader_nesting != 0), the IPI handler sets the task's
       ->trc_reader_special.b.need_qs, so that this task notifies exit
       from its outermost read side critical section (by decrementing
       trc_n_readers_need_end) to the GP handling function.
       trc_wait_for_one_reader() also increments trc_n_readers_need_end,
       so that the trace rcu-tasks GP handler function waits for this
       task's read side exit notification. The IPI handler also sets
       t->trc_reader_checked to true, and no further IPIs are sent for
       this task, for this trace rcu-tasks grace period and this
       task can be removed from holdout list.

  - b. If the task is in the process of exiting its trace rcu-tasks
       read side critical section, (t->trc_reader_nesting < 0), defer
       this task's processing to future calls to trc_wait_for_one_reader().

  - c. If task is not in rcu-task read side critical section,
       t->trc_reader_nesting == 0, ->trc_reader_checked is set for this
       task, so that this task is removed from holdout list.

- Second, trc_wait_for_one_reader() is called as part of post scan, in
  function rcu_tasks_trace_postscan(), for all idle tasks.

- Third, in function check_all_holdout_tasks_trace(), this function is
  called for each task in the holdout list, but only if there isn't
  a pending IPI for the task (->trc_ipi_to_cpu == -1). This function
  removed the task from holdout list, if IPI handler has completed the
  required work, to ensure that the current trace rcu-tasks grace period
  either waits for this task, or this task is not in a trace rcu-tasks
  read side critical section.

Now, considering the scenario where smp_call_function_single() fails in
first case, inside rcu_tasks_trace_pertask(). In this case,
->trc_ipi_to_cpu is set to the current CPU for that task. This will
result in trc_wait_for_one_reader() getting skipped in third case,
inside check_all_holdout_tasks_trace(), for this task. This further
results in ->trc_reader_checked never getting set for this task,
and the task not getting removed from holdout list. This can cause
the current trace rcu-tasks grace period to stall.

Fix the above problem, by resetting ->trc_ipi_to_cpu to -1, on
smp_call_function_single() failure, so that future IPI calls can
be send for this task.

Note that all three of the trc_wait_for_one_reader() function's
callers (rcu_tasks_trace_pertask(), rcu_tasks_trace_postscan(),
check_all_holdout_tasks_trace()) hold cpu_read_lock().  This means
that smp_call_function_single() cannot race with CPU hotplug, and thus
should never fail.  Therefore, also add a warning in order to report
any such failure in case smp_call_function_single() grows some other
reason for failure.

Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Since commit aa40c13 ("rcu: Report QS for outermost PREEMPT=n
rcu_read_unlock() for strict GPs") the function rcu_read_unlock_strict()
is invoked by the inlined rcu_read_unlock() function.  However,
rcu_read_unlock_strict() is an empty function in production kernels,
which are built with CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD=n.

There is a mention of rcu_read_unlock_strict() in the BPF verifier,
but this is in a deny-list, meaning that BPF does not care whether
rcu_read_unlock_strict() is ever called.

This commit therefore provides a slight performance improvement
by hoisting the check of CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD from
rcu_read_unlock_strict() into rcu_read_unlock(), thus avoiding the
pointless call to an empty function.

Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

rcutorture is generating some nesting scenarios that are not compatible on PREEMPT_RT.
For example:
	preempt_disable();
	rcu_read_lock_bh();
	preempt_enable();
	rcu_read_unlock_bh();

The problem here is that on PREEMPT_RT the bottom halves have to be
disabled and enabled in preemptible context.

Reorder locking: start with BH locking and continue with then with
disabling preemption or interrupts. In the unlocking do it reverse by
first enabling interrupts and preemption and BH at the very end.
Ensure that on PREEMPT_RT BH locking remains unchanged if in
non-preemptible context.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190911165729.11178-6-swood@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210819182035.GF4126399@paulmck-ThinkPad-P17-Gen-1
Signed-off-by: Scott Wood <swood@redhat.com>
[bigeasy: Drop ATOM_BH, make it only about changing BH in atomic
context. Allow enabling RCU in IRQ-off section. Reword commit message.]
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

call_rcu_tasks_trace() does have read-side primitives - rcu_read_lock_trace()
and rcu_read_unlock_trace(). Fix this information in the comments.

Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

The sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup() checks to see if RCU needs
an expedited quiescent state from the incoming CPU, sending it
an IPI if so. Before sending IPI, it checks whether expedited
qs need has been already requested for the incoming CPU, by
checking rcu_data.cpu_no_qs.b.exp for the current cpu, on which
sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup() is running. This works for the
case where incoming CPU is same as self. However, for the case
where incoming CPU is different from self, expedited request
won't get marked, which can potentially delay reporting of
expedited quiescent state for the incoming CPU.

Fixes: e015a34 ("rcu: Avoid self-IPI in sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup()")
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

…tives

RCU tasks rude variant does not check whether the current
running context on a CPU is usermode. Read side critical section ends
on transition to usermode execution, by the virtue of usermode
execution being schedulable. Clarify this in comments for
call_rcu_tasks_rude() and synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude().

Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Correct the check for no_hz_full cpu in show_stalled_task_trace(),
to include cpu 0.

Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

In check_all_holdout_tasks_trace(), firstreport is a pointer argument;
so, check the dereferenced value, instead of checking the pointer.

Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Make test_encode_decode() more readable and add missing __init.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

It is clearer if ctx is at the start of the function argument list;
it'll be more consistent when adding functions with varying arguments
but all requiring ctx.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Support generating the string representation of scoped read-write
accesses for completeness. They will become required in planned changes.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

If an explicit access address is set, as is done for scoped accesses,
always start the stack trace from that location. get_stack_skipnr() is
changed into sanitize_stack_entries(), which if given an address, scans
the stack trace for a matching function and then replaces that entry
with the explicitly provided address.

The previous reports for scoped accesses were all over the place, which
could be quite confusing. We now always point at the start of the scope.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Save the instruction pointer for scoped accesses, so that it becomes
possible for the reporting code to construct more accurate stack traces
that will show the start of the scope.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Add the ability to pass an explicitly set instruction pointer of access
from check_access() all the way through to reporting.

In preparation of using it in reporting.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

If CONFIG_KCSAN_REPORT_VALUE_CHANGE_ONLY=n, then we may also see data
races between the writers only. If we get unlucky and never capture a
read-write data race, but only the write-write data races, then the
test_no_value_change* test cases may incorrectly fail.

The second problem is that the initial value needs to be reset, as
otherwise we might actually observe a value change at the start.

Fix it by also looking for the write-write data races, and resetting the
value to what will be written.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Use the new kunit_skip() to skip tests if requirements were not met.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

When the test is built into the kernel (not a module), kcsan_test_init()
and kunit_init() both use late_initcall(), which means kcsan_test_init()
might see a NULL debugfs_rootdir as parent dentry, resulting in
kcsan_test_init() and kcsan_debugfs_init() both trying to create a
debugfs node named "kcsan" in debugfs root. One of them will show an
error and be unsuccessful.

Defer kcsan_test_init() until we're sure kunit was initialized.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Early in debugging, it made some sense to differentiate the first
iteration from subsequent iterations, but now this just causes confusion.
This commit therefore moves the "set_tasks_gp_state(rtp, RTGS_WAIT_CBS)"
statement to the beginning of the "for" loop in rcu_tasks_kthread().

Reported-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

rcu update module parameters currently don't appear in sysfs and this is
a serviceability issue as it might be needed to access their default
values at runtime.

Fix this issue by changing rcu update module parameters permissions to
world-readable.

Suggested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Certain configurations (e.g., systems that make heavy use of netns)
need to use synchronize_rcu_expedited() to service RCU grace periods
even after boot.

Even though synchronize_rcu_expedited() has been traditionally
considered harmful for RT for the heavy use of IPIs, it is perfectly
usable under certain conditions (e.g. nohz_full).

Make rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot= again writeable on RT (if NO_HZ_
FULL is defined), but keep its default value to 1 (enabled) to avoid
regressions. Users who need synchronize_rcu_expedited() will boot with
rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_ boot=0 in the kernel cmdline.

Reflect the change in synchronize_rcu_expedited_wait() by removing the
WARN related to CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT.

Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Currently, in CONFIG_RCU_BOOST kernels, if the rcu_torture_init()
function's call to cpuhp_setup_state() fails, rcu_torture_cleanup()
gamely passes nonsense to cpuhp_remove_state().  This results in
strange and misleading splats.  This commit therefore ensures that if
the rcu_torture_init() function's call to cpuhp_setup_state() fails,
rcu_torture_cleanup() avoids invoking cpuhp_remove_state().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

When running scftorture as a module, any scf_torture_init() issues will be
reflected in the error code from modprobe or insmod, as the case may be.
However, these error codes are not available when running scftorture
built-in, for example, when using the kvm.sh script.  This commit
therefore adds WARN_ON_ONCE() to allow distinguishing scf_torture_init()
errors when running scftorture built-in.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

When running rcuscale as a module, any rcu_scale_init() issues will be
reflected in the error code from modprobe or insmod, as the case may be.
However, these error codes are not available when running rcuscale
built-in, for example, when using the kvm.sh script.  This commit
therefore adds WARN_ON_ONCE() to allow distinguishing rcu_scale_init()
errors when running rcuscale built-in.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

When running refscale as a module, any ref_scale_init() issues will be
reflected in the error code from modprobe or insmod, as the case may be.
However, these error codes are not available when running refscale
built-in, for example, when using the kvm.sh script.  This commit
therefore adds WARN_ON_ONCE() to allow distinguishing ref_scale_init()
errors when running refscale built-in.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

When running locktorture as a module, any lock_torture_init() issues will be
reflected in the error code from modprobe or insmod, as the case may be.
However, these error codes are not available when running locktorture
built-in, for example, when using the kvm.sh script.  This commit
therefore adds WARN_ON_ONCE() to allow distinguishing lock_torture_init()
errors when running locktorture built-in.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

When running rcutorture as a module, any rcu_torture_init() issues will be
reflected in the error code from modprobe or insmod, as the case may be.
However, these error codes are not available when running rcutorture
built-in, for example, when using the kvm.sh script.  This commit
therefore adds WARN_ON_ONCE() to allow distinguishing rcu_torture_init()
errors when running rcutorture built-in.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

This commit causes kvm-remote.sh to print the size of the tarball that
is downloaded to each of the remote systems.  This size can help with
performance projections and analysis.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Currently, specifying the rcutorture.read_exit_burst=0 kernel boot
parameter will result in a -EINVAL exit code that will stop the rcutorture
test run before it has fully initialized.  This commit therefore uses a
zero exit code in that case, thus allowing rcutorture.read_exit_burst=0
to complete normally.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

The CPU-hotplug functions take a "cpu" parameter, but rcutree_dying_cpu()
ignores it in favor of this_cpu_ptr().  This works at the moment, but
it would be better to be consistent.  This might also work better given
some possible future changes.  This commit therefore uses per_cpu_ptr()
to avoid ignoring the rcutree_dying_cpu() function's argument.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>