The typical way to access LBR is via hardware perf_event. For CPUs with
FREEZE_LBRS_ON_PMI support, PMI could capture reliable LBR. On the other
hand, LBR could also be useful in non-PMI scenario. For example, in
kretprobe or bpf fexit program, LBR could provide a lot of information
on what happened with the function.

In this RFC, we try to enable LBR for BPF program. This works like:
  1. Create a hardware perf_event with PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_* on each CPU;
  2. Call a new bpf helper (bpf_get_branch_trace) from the BPF program;
  3. Before calling this bpf program, the kernel stops LBR on local CPU,
     make a copy of LBR, and resumes LBR;
  4. In the bpf program, the helper access the copy from #3.

Please see tools/testing/selftests/bpf/[progs|prog_tests]/get_call_trace.c
for a detailed example. Not that, this process is far from ideal, but it
allows quick prototype of this feature.

AFAICT, the biggest challenge here is that we are now sharing LBR in PMI
and out of PMI, which could trigger some interesting race conditions.
However, if we allow some level of missed/corrupted samples, this should
still be very useful.

Please share your thoughts and comments on this. Thanks in advance!

Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Like Xu <like.xu@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>

The variable allow is being initialized with a value that is never read, it
is being updated later on. The assignment is redundant and can be removed.

Addresses-Coverity: ("Unused value")

Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210817170842.495440-1-colin.king@canonical.com

Yonghong Song says:

====================

The bpf selftest send_signal() is flaky for its subtests trying to
send signals in softirq/nmi context. To reduce flakiness, the
signal-targetted process priority is boosted, which should minimize
preemption of that process and improve the possibility that
the underlying task in softirq/nmi context is the bpf_send_signal()
wanted task.

Patch #1 did a refactoring to use ASSERT_* instead of old CHECK macros.
Patch #2 did actual change of boosting priority.

Changelog:
  v1 -> v2:
    remove skip logic where the underlying task in interrupt context
    is not the intended one.
====================

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>

libbpf CI has reported send_signal test is flaky although
I am not able to reproduce it in my local environment.
But I am able to reproduce with on-demand libbpf CI ([1]).

Through code analysis, the following is possible reason.
The failed subtest runs bpf program in softirq environment.
Since bpf_send_signal() only sends to a fork of "test_progs"
process. If the underlying current task is
not "test_progs", bpf_send_signal() will not be triggered
and the subtest will fail.

To reduce the chances where the underlying process is not
the intended one, this patch boosted scheduling priority to
-20 (highest allowed by setpriority() call). And I did
10 runs with on-demand libbpf CI with this patch and I
didn't observe any failures.

 [1] https://github.com/libbpf/libbpf/actions/workflows/ondemand.yml

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210817190923.3186725-1-yhs@fb.com

Replace CHECK in send_signal.c with ASSERT_* macros as
ASSERT_* macros are generally preferred. There is no
funcitonality change.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210817190918.3186400-1-yhs@fb.com

Yucong Sun says:

====================

This short series adds two new switches to test_progs, "-a" and "-d",
adding support for both exact string matching, as well as '*' wildcards.
It also cleans up the output to make it possible to generate
allowlist/denylist using common cli tools.
====================

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>

This patch adds '-a' and '-d' arguments supporting both exact string match as
well as using '*' wildcard in test/subtests selection. '-a' and '-t' can
co-exists, same as '-d' and '-b', in which case they just add to the list of
allowed or denied test selectors.

Caveat: Same as the current substring matching mechanism, test and subtest
selector applies independently, 'a*/b*' will execute all tests matching "a*",
and with subtest name matching "b*", but tests matching "a*" that has no
subtests will also be executed.

Signed-off-by: Yucong Sun <fallentree@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210817044732.3263066-5-fallentree@fb.com

This patch add test name in subtest status message line, making it possible to
grep ':OK' in the output to generate a list of passed test+subtest names, which
can be processed to generate argument list to be used with "-a", "-d" exact
string matching.

Example:

 #1/1 align/mov:OK
 ..
 #1/12 align/pointer variable subtraction:OK
 #1 align:OK

Signed-off-by: Yucong Sun <fallentree@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210817044732.3263066-4-fallentree@fb.com

In skip_account(), test->skip_cnt is set to 0 at the end, this makes next print
statement never display SKIP status for the subtest. This patch moves the
accounting logic after the print statement, fixing the issue.

This patch also added SKIP status display for normal tests.

Signed-off-by: Yucong Sun <fallentree@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210817044732.3263066-3-fallentree@fb.com

When using "-l", test_progs often is executed as non-root user,
load_bpf_testmod() will fail and output errors. This patch skips loading bpf
testmod when "-l" is specified, making output cleaner.

Signed-off-by: Yucong Sun <fallentree@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210817044732.3263066-2-fallentree@fb.com

…t_maps

Using a fixed delay of 1 microsecond has proven flaky in slow CPU environment,
e.g. Github Actions CI system. This patch adds exponential backoff with a cap
of 50ms to reduce the flakiness of the test. Initial delay is chosen at random
in the range [0ms, 5ms).

Signed-off-by: Yucong Sun <fallentree@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210817045713.3307985-1-fallentree@fb.com

…t_maps

Using a fixed delay of 1 microsecond has proven flaky in slow CPU environment,
e.g. Github Actions CI system. This patch adds exponential backoff with a cap
of 50ms to reduce the flakiness of the test. Initial delay is chosen at random
in the range [0ms, 5ms).

Signed-off-by: Yucong Sun <fallentree@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210816175250.296110-1-fallentree@fb.com

Jiang Wang says:

====================

This patch series add support for unix stream type
for sockmap. Sockmap already supports TCP, UDP,
unix dgram types. The unix stream support is similar
to unix dgram.

Also add selftests for unix stream type in sockmap tests.
====================

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>

Add two new test cases in sockmap tests, where unix stream is
redirected to tcp and vice versa.

Signed-off-by: Jiang Wang <jiang.wang@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Cong Wang <cong.wang@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210816190327.2739291-6-jiang.wang@bytedance.com

This is to prepare for adding new unix stream tests.
Mostly renames, also pass the socket types as an argument.

Signed-off-by: Jiang Wang <jiang.wang@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Cong Wang <cong.wang@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210816190327.2739291-5-jiang.wang@bytedance.com

Add two tests for unix stream to unix stream redirection
in sockmap tests.

Signed-off-by: Jiang Wang <jiang.wang@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Cong Wang <cong.wang@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210816190327.2739291-4-jiang.wang@bytedance.com

Previously, sockmap for AF_UNIX protocol only supports
dgram type. This patch add unix stream type support, which
is similar to unix_dgram_proto. To support sockmap, dgram
and stream cannot share the same unix_proto anymore, because
they have different implementations, such as unhash for stream
type (which will remove closed or disconnected sockets from the map),
so rename unix_proto to unix_dgram_proto and add a new
unix_stream_proto.

Also implement stream related sockmap functions.
And add dgram key words to those dgram specific functions.

Signed-off-by: Jiang Wang <jiang.wang@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Cong Wang <cong.wang@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210816190327.2739291-3-jiang.wang@bytedance.com

To support sockmap for af_unix stream type, implement
read_sock, which is similar to the read_sock for unix
dgram sockets.

Signed-off-by: Jiang Wang <jiang.wang@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Cong Wang <cong.wang@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210816190327.2739291-2-jiang.wang@bytedance.com

Add test for btf__load_vmlinux_btf/btf__load_module_btf APIs. The test
loads bpf_testmod module BTF and check existence of a symbol which is
known to exist.

Signed-off-by: Hengqi Chen <hengqi.chen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815081035.205879-1-hengqi.chen@gmail.com

This removes the libbpf_api.rst file from the kernel documentation.
The intention for this file was to pull documentation from comments
above API functions in libbpf. However, due to limitations of the
kernel documentation system, this API documentation could not be
versioned, which is counterintuative to how users expect to use it.
There is also currently no doc comments, making this a blank page.

Once the kernel comment documentation is actually contributed, it
will still exist in the kernel repository, just in the code itself.

A seperate site is being spun up to generate documentaiton from those
comments in a way in which it can be versioned properly.

This also reconfigures the bpf documentation index page to make it
easier to sync to the previously mentioned documentaiton site.

Signed-off-by: Grant Seltzer <grantseltzer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210810020508.280639-1-grantseltzer@gmail.com

Andrii Nakryiko says:

====================
This patch set implements an ability for users to specify custom black box u64
value for each BPF program attachment, bpf_cookie, which is available to BPF
program at runtime. This is a feature that's critically missing for cases when
some sort of generic processing needs to be done by the common BPF program
logic (or even exactly the same BPF program) across multiple BPF hooks (e.g.,
many uniformly handled kprobes) and it's important to be able to distinguish
between each BPF hook at runtime (e.g., for additional configuration lookup).

The choice of restricting this to a fixed-size 8-byte u64 value is an explicit
design decision. Making this configurable by users adds unnecessary complexity
(extra memory allocations, extra complications on the verifier side to validate
accesses to variable-sized data area) while not really opening up new
possibilities. If user's use case requires storing more data per attachment,
it's possible to use either global array, or ARRAY/HASHMAP BPF maps, where
bpf_cookie would be used as an index into respective storage, populated by
user-space code before creating BPF link. This gives user all the flexibility
and control while keeping BPF verifier and BPF helper API simple.

Currently, similar functionality can only be achieved through:

  - code-generation and BPF program cloning, which is very complicated and
    unmaintainable;
  - on-the-fly C code generation and further runtime compilation, which is
    what BCC uses and allows to do pretty simply. The big downside is a very
    heavy-weight Clang/LLVM dependency and inefficient memory usage (due to
    many BPF program clones and the compilation process itself);
  - in some cases (kprobes and sometimes uprobes) it's possible to do function
    IP lookup to get function-specific configuration. This doesn't work for
    all the cases (e.g., when attaching uprobes to shared libraries) and has
    higher runtime overhead and additional programming complexity due to
    BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASHMAP lookups. Up until recently, before bpf_get_func_ip()
    BPF helper was added, it was also very complicated and unstable (API-wise)
    to get traced function's IP from fentry/fexit and kretprobe.

With libbpf and BPF CO-RE, runtime compilation is not an option, so to be able
to build generic tracing tooling simply and efficiently, ability to provide
additional bpf_cookie value for each *attachment* (as opposed to each BPF
program) is extremely important. Two immediate users of this functionality are
going to be libbpf-based USDT library (currently in development) and retsnoop
([0]), but I'm sure more applications will come once users get this feature in
their kernels.

To achieve above described, all perf_event-based BPF hooks are made available
through a new BPF_LINK_TYPE_PERF_EVENT BPF link, which allows to use common
LINK_CREATE command for program attachments and generally brings
perf_event-based attachments into a common BPF link infrastructure.

With that, LINK_CREATE gets ability to pass throught bpf_cookie value during
link creation (BPF program attachment) time. bpf_get_attach_cookie() BPF
helper is added to allow fetching this value at runtime from BPF program side.
BPF cookie is stored either on struct perf_event itself and fetched from the
BPF program context, or is passed through ambient BPF run context, added in
c7603cf ("bpf: Add ambient BPF runtime context stored in current").

On the libbpf side of things, BPF perf link is utilized whenever is supported
by the kernel instead of using PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF ioctl on perf_event FD.
All the tracing attach APIs are extended with OPTS and bpf_cookie is passed
through corresponding opts structs.

Last part of the patch set adds few self-tests utilizing new APIs.

There are also a few refactorings along the way to make things cleaner and
easier to work with, both in kernel (BPF_PROG_RUN and BPF_PROG_RUN_ARRAY), and
throughout libbpf and selftests.

Follow-up patches will extend bpf_cookie to fentry/fexit programs.

While adding uprobe_opts, also extend it with ref_ctr_offset for specifying
USDT semaphore (reference counter) offset. Update attach_probe selftests to
validate its functionality. This is another feature (along with bpf_cookie)
required for implementing libbpf-based USDT solution.

  [0] https://github.com/anakryiko/retsnoop

v4->v5:
  - rebase on latest bpf-next to resolve merge conflict;
  - add ref_ctr_offset to uprobe_opts and corresponding selftest;
v3->v4:
  - get rid of BPF_PROG_RUN macro in favor of bpf_prog_run() (Daniel);
  - move #ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL check into bpf_set_run_ctx (Daniel);
v2->v3:
  - user_ctx -> bpf_cookie, bpf_get_user_ctx -> bpf_get_attach_cookie (Peter);
  - fix BPF_LINK_TYPE_PERF_EVENT value fix (Jiri);
  - use bpf_prog_run() from bpf_prog_run_pin_on_cpu() (Yonghong);
v1->v2:
  - fix build failures on non-x86 arches by gating on CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS.
====================

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>

Extend attach_probe selftests to specify ref_ctr_offset for uprobe/uretprobe
and validate that its value is incremented from zero.

Turns out that once uprobe is attached with ref_ctr_offset, uretprobe for the
same location/function *has* to use ref_ctr_offset as well, otherwise
perf_event_open() fails with -EINVAL. So this test uses ref_ctr_offset for
both uprobe and uretprobe, even though for the purpose of test uprobe would be
enough.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-17-andrii@kernel.org

When attaching to uprobes through perf subsystem, it's possible to specify
offset of a so-called USDT semaphore, which is just a reference counted u16,
used by kernel to keep track of how many tracers are attached to a given
location. Support for this feature was added in [0], so just wire this through
uprobe_opts. This is important to enable implementing USDT attachment and
tracing through libbpf's bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts() API.

  [0] a6ca88b ("trace_uprobe: support reference counter in fd-based uprobe")

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-16-andrii@kernel.org

Add selftest with few subtests testing proper bpf_cookie usage.

Kprobe and uprobe subtests are pretty straightforward and just validate that
the same BPF program attached with different bpf_cookie will be triggered with
those different bpf_cookie values.

Tracepoint subtest is a bit more interesting, as it is the only
perf_event-based BPF hook that shares bpf_prog_array between multiple
perf_events internally. This means that the same BPF program can't be attached
to the same tracepoint multiple times. So we have 3 identical copies. This
arrangement allows to test bpf_prog_array_copy()'s handling of bpf_prog_array
list manipulation logic when programs are attached and detached.  The test
validates that bpf_cookie isn't mixed up and isn't lost during such list
manipulations.

Perf_event subtest validates that two BPF links can be created against the
same perf_event (but not at the same time, only one BPF program can be
attached to perf_event itself), and that for each we can specify different
bpf_cookie value.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-15-andrii@kernel.org

Extract two helpers used for working with uprobes into trace_helpers.{c,h} to
be re-used between multiple uprobe-using selftests. Also rename get_offset()
into more appropriate get_uprobe_offset().

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-14-andrii@kernel.org

Add tests utilizing low-level bpf_link_create() API to create perf BPF link.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-13-andrii@kernel.org

Wire through bpf_cookie for all attach APIs that use perf_event_open under the
hood:
  - for kprobes, extend existing bpf_kprobe_opts with bpf_cookie field;
  - for perf_event, uprobe, and tracepoint APIs, add their _opts variants and
    pass bpf_cookie through opts.

For kernel that don't support BPF_LINK_CREATE for perf_events, and thus
bpf_cookie is not supported either, return error and log warning for user.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-12-andrii@kernel.org

Add ability to specify bpf_cookie value when creating BPF perf link with
bpf_link_create() low-level API.

Given BPF_LINK_CREATE command is growing and keeps getting new fields that are
specific to the type of BPF_LINK, extend libbpf side of bpf_link_create() API
and corresponding OPTS struct to accomodate such changes. Add extra checks to
prevent using incompatible/unexpected combinations of fields.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-11-andrii@kernel.org

Detect kernel support for BPF perf link and prefer it when attaching to
perf_event, tracepoint, kprobe/uprobe. Underlying perf_event FD will be kept
open until BPF link is destroyed, at which point both perf_event FD and BPF
link FD will be closed.

This preserves current behavior in which perf_event FD is open for the
duration of bpf_link's lifetime and user is able to "disconnect" bpf_link from
underlying FD (with bpf_link__disconnect()), so that bpf_link__destroy()
doesn't close underlying perf_event FD.When BPF perf link is used, disconnect
will keep both perf_event and bpf_link FDs open, so it will be up to
(advanced) user to close them. This approach is demonstrated in bpf_cookie.c
selftests, added in this patch set.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-10-andrii@kernel.org

bpf_link->destroy() isn't used by any code, so remove it. Instead, add ability
to override deallocation procedure, with default doing plain free(link). This
is necessary for cases when we want to "subclass" struct bpf_link to keep
extra information, as is the case in the next patch adding struct
bpf_link_perf.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-9-andrii@kernel.org

Ensure libbpf.so is re-built whenever libbpf.map is modified.  Without this,
changes to libbpf.map are not detected and versioned symbols mismatch error
will be reported until `make clean && make` is used, which is a suboptimal
developer experience.

Fixes: 306b267 ("libbpf: Verify versioned symbols")
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-8-andrii@kernel.org

Add new BPF helper, bpf_get_attach_cookie(), which can be used by BPF programs
to get access to a user-provided bpf_cookie value, specified during BPF
program attachment (BPF link creation) time.

Naming is hard, though. With the concept being named "BPF cookie", I've
considered calling the helper:
  - bpf_get_cookie() -- seems too unspecific and easily mistaken with socket
    cookie;
  - bpf_get_bpf_cookie() -- too much tautology;
  - bpf_get_link_cookie() -- would be ok, but while we create a BPF link to
    attach BPF program to BPF hook, it's still an "attachment" and the
    bpf_cookie is associated with BPF program attachment to a hook, not a BPF
    link itself. Technically, we could support bpf_cookie with old-style
    cgroup programs.So I ultimately rejected it in favor of
    bpf_get_attach_cookie().

Currently all perf_event-backed BPF program types support
bpf_get_attach_cookie() helper. Follow-up patches will add support for
fentry/fexit programs as well.

While at it, mark bpf_tracing_func_proto() as static to make it obvious that
it's only used from within the kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-7-andrii@kernel.org

Add ability for users to specify custom u64 value (bpf_cookie) when creating
BPF link for perf_event-backed BPF programs (kprobe/uprobe, perf_event,
tracepoints).

This is useful for cases when the same BPF program is used for attaching and
processing invocation of different tracepoints/kprobes/uprobes in a generic
fashion, but such that each invocation is distinguished from each other (e.g.,
BPF program can look up additional information associated with a specific
kernel function without having to rely on function IP lookups). This enables
new use cases to be implemented simply and efficiently that previously were
possible only through code generation (and thus multiple instances of almost
identical BPF program) or compilation at runtime (BCC-style) on target hosts
(even more expensive resource-wise). For uprobes it is not even possible in
some cases to know function IP before hand (e.g., when attaching to shared
library without PID filtering, in which case base load address is not known
for a library).

This is done by storing u64 bpf_cookie in struct bpf_prog_array_item,
corresponding to each attached and run BPF program. Given cgroup BPF programs
already use two 8-byte pointers for their needs and cgroup BPF programs don't
have (yet?) support for bpf_cookie, reuse that space through union of
cgroup_storage and new bpf_cookie field.

Make it available to kprobe/tracepoint BPF programs through bpf_trace_run_ctx.
This is set by BPF_PROG_RUN_ARRAY, used by kprobe/uprobe/tracepoint BPF
program execution code, which luckily is now also split from
BPF_PROG_RUN_ARRAY_CG. This run context will be utilized by a new BPF helper
giving access to this user-provided cookie value from inside a BPF program.
Generic perf_event BPF programs will access this value from perf_event itself
through passed in BPF program context.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-6-andrii@kernel.org

Introduce a new type of BPF link - BPF perf link. This brings perf_event-based
BPF program attachments (perf_event, tracepoints, kprobes, and uprobes) into
the common BPF link infrastructure, allowing to list all active perf_event
based attachments, auto-detaching BPF program from perf_event when link's FD
is closed, get generic BPF link fdinfo/get_info functionality.

BPF_LINK_CREATE command expects perf_event's FD as target_fd. No extra flags
are currently supported.

Force-detaching and atomic BPF program updates are not yet implemented, but
with perf_event-based BPF links we now have common framework for this without
the need to extend ioctl()-based perf_event interface.

One interesting consideration is a new value for bpf_attach_type, which
BPF_LINK_CREATE command expects. Generally, it's either 1-to-1 mapping from
bpf_attach_type to bpf_prog_type, or many-to-1 mapping from a subset of
bpf_attach_types to one bpf_prog_type (e.g., see BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB or
BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK). In this case, though, we have three different
program types (KPROBE, TRACEPOINT, PERF_EVENT) using the same perf_event-based
mechanism, so it's many bpf_prog_types to one bpf_attach_type. I chose to
define a single BPF_PERF_EVENT attach type for all of them and adjust
link_create()'s logic for checking correspondence between attach type and
program type.

The alternative would be to define three new attach types (e.g., BPF_KPROBE,
BPF_TRACEPOINT, and BPF_PERF_EVENT), but that seemed like unnecessary overkill
and BPF_KPROBE will cause naming conflicts with BPF_KPROBE() macro, defined by
libbpf. I chose to not do this to avoid unnecessary proliferation of
bpf_attach_type enum values and not have to deal with naming conflicts.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-5-andrii@kernel.org

Make internal perf_event_set_bpf_prog() use struct bpf_prog pointer as an
input argument, which makes it easier to re-use for other internal uses
(coming up for BPF link in the next patch). BPF program FD is not as
convenient and in some cases it's not available. So switch to struct bpf_prog,
move out refcounting outside and let caller do bpf_prog_put() in case of an
error. This follows the approach of most of the other BPF internal functions.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210815070609.987780-4-andrii@kernel.org