I have been learning a lot about the new testament recently.
Haha Go figure. I have been learning a lot about Anatomy and Microbiology. I know all the antibiotics. How are you feeing for your test now?
what even are antibiotics? Im feeling good.
Antibiotics are drugs that are used to stop bacteria from growing. So they are useful in the treatment of infections. The main group are the Beta Lactams. These work by inhibiting bacteria from forming a cell wall. The most common one is Penicillin. You've probably heard of it. Penicillin was invented in the 40s and 50s during world war two. It saved a lot of lives.
Yeah, I've heard about that one
The funny part is that it was so valuable back then that they would recrystallize it out of urine so they could use it again. Sounds weird but it's totally possible and safe. I use to recrytallyze things in the lab all the time. Just not from Urine haha.
what do you mean recrystallyze?
So like you can recrystallize stuff that is dissolved in solution by getting it to precipitate out of solution. It all depends on Solubility rules. For example, if something is soluble in water at high temperature but not at low temperature then you can use that to your advantage to recrystallize it. It's kinda hard to explain though.
so what youre saying is that patients that took penicillin would pee it our and then you could freeze/crystallize the penicillin at a different temp than the urine and then extract it to use it again
Yep thats basically what they did. They might have had to add some other chemicals to make it all work but thats basically the jist of it. We actually don't use Penicillin that much anymore because there are a lot of different antibiotics. But it is still useful in the treatment of infections caused by gram positive bacteria. The only problem with penicillin is that some bacteria produce enzymes that degrade it called Beta Lactamases. This is like their way of protecting themselves from the drug.
Thats pretty cool Well, I guess its not cool because that makes it not work as well, but its al least interesting
Yeah. Bacteria are pretty complicated things. They are really good at surviving. They've been on the planet longer than anything else.There are tons of other antibiotics too. That work in different ways than Penicillins. Instead of inhibiting cell wall synthesis there are certain drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis. The whole point being to stop the bacteria from reproducing so your immune system can take care of them. These are called the Fluoroquinolones and the Nitroimidazoles.
OH boy, big words
Yeah seriously. I don't know who came up with the words. But it doesn't end there. Another way to stop bacteria from growing is to stop them from producing proteins. You do this by inhibiting the Ribosome. You can inhibit the Large part of the Ribosome or the Small Part. Clindamycin is a Lincosamide used to stop the Large Part of the Ribosome from working. It is good at treating infections caused by anaerobic bacteria. Those are bacteria that can survive without oxygen. The problem with Clindamycin is that is super powerful and basically kills all bacteria in your body even the good ones. So you risk getting secondary infections unless you also take a lot of probiotics with in. *it
So do you think that bacteria have minds of their own. Of if cells have minds of their own? Like are they other organisms that make up our body. or are they literally our body like part of our being?
Good question. So Bacteria are other beings completely, but we have a lot in our body. Lots of them are good and actually help us digest food in our large intestine. But bacteria are very different than the cells we are made of. We are Eukaryotic which means our cells have a nucleus. Bacteria are Prokaryotic which means they dont have one. They both still have DNA it is just organized differently in the cell. But I'm not sure if they have a mind of their own. They are pretty simple organisms, like literally just one cell. But they can do some pretty amazing things and adapt to their environment.
and what does a nucleus do?
A nucleus protects the DNA. It's like a little control center for the cell. Bacteria just kinda have their DNA floating randomly in side. Another drug that is interesting are the Tetracyclines. These work by inhibiting the small part of the ribosome. Different types of this antibiotic are Doxycycline, chlortetracycline, minocycline, etc. They have some weird side affects though like they can stain your teeth yellow because they draw calcium out of the body. Or in other words they stop you from absorbing calciu calcium. So dairy products would be a problem for you if you were on this particular medication. But they are useful in treating Tick borne diseases like Lyme disease.
What are the Ribosomes?
Ribosomes are like little molecular machines that take RNA and turn it into a protein that the cell can use. It does this by matching the RNA code to a TRNA code called Codons that are attached to a protein that they code for. Then it just attaches them all together into a chain. The chain is of amino acids, which are what proteins are made of. The chain of Amino Acids then folds itself into it's final three dimensional structure which is what gives it it's specific function in the cell. It's pretty cool. I should show you a video of it in action.
yeah. that would be cool! I like Chemistry, but just not too much. Biology is cool too.
Yeah it is cool. President Russel Nelson said once that you can learn more from studying the creations of God than you ever can by studying the creations of Man. Thats what got me into this whole science thing. But I still like the creations of man too. That's why my minor is business. But I mean, Pres Nelson is a heart surgeon so maybe that statement was a little bias. I'm not sure. I think you can still learn a lot by studying the organizations of Man But I do think that by learning more about what God has created you develop a greater appreciation for his knowledge and power and come closer to him. It also increases your faith in He knows all things and is the creator of all things. Because like this stuff that I've told you is only barely scratching the surface. Life is way more complicated than that. But it all works beautifully because it was designed to work. It's just crazy sometimes.
Have you ever thought about what the real building blocks of the universe are? Like there are cells and atoms and sub-atomic particles, but should there be something even more basic that literally all of those are made out of??
Yes. I think it's the Light of Christ.
I think string theory, (If i can remember correctly) states something along those lines. But is has been a while since i learrned anything about string theory, haha
Haha yeah I have really never heard anything about String theory. I'm not sure what it is even trying to say. But I think it has sometimes to do with Einsteins Theory of Relativity. Which, again, I'm not sure what it is exactly..
Well, i know that it probably is a little outdated, or at least what I remember of it is probably a little outdated, but the jist of it is that the basic fundamental thing is string
String like what you use to tie things together?
Or some sort of partical that resemble a loop of string
Ohhhh I see. That reminds me of something. But I'll tell you later.
And that depending on the various possibilities that that "String" can vibrate, the particle acts a certain way. So this brings unity to the situation, because everything is still the same string particle, however, this also allows for diversity and collaboration because the vibrations cause the particles to behave diferently, even though they are the some
Interesting. I'll have to look more into this.
same Or its something like that
Yeah totally. What I was thinking of before was this molecule called Laminin. So like this is a molecule that is found in the extra cellular matrix of our bodies.
Yeah
Extra meaning outside the cell. So the molecule looks like or resembles a Cross. Like the Cross on Calvary that Jesus Died on. So the cool thing is that this molecule is responsible for holding things together in our bodies. Like keeping them grounded and strong and stuff. And it looks like Jesus' Cross. It just brought new meaning the the Phrase "all tings testify of Christ"
Interestinh
Yeah. Just a side note though. But cool. So i'm going to hurry and get ready for school now. How much longer can you chat for? I'm just wondering if we should end it or keep it up a little   longer
Well, I am already ready for school. I am just studying. So im probably going to leave around 8:40 to go to class
Okay. In that case I'll leave the chat open while I get ready. Then we can chat till you leave. I'll just be a few minutes. Keep studying haha.
alright Im just learning about how Mathew organized his gospel into five main discourses for the Jewish population. This was possibly to mimic the 5 books of Moses and to create a sense of familiarity to the readers The 5 sermons are Mathew 5-7 : The Sermon of the Mount. Mathew 10 : The Apostolic commission. Mathew 13 : The Kingdom of God Discourse] Mathew 18 : The Church Administration Discourse. Mathew 24-25 : the Eschatological Discourse. The Gospel of Mathew also begins and ends with strong hints that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is not just for jews, but for the Gentiles as well. In fact these hints act as bookends that hold the gospel together
I'm back. Interesting. What are the Bookends that hold the gospel together?
Well in the geneology of Jesus, Mathew includes the names of four women, which is strange because Jews did not usually do that. And these 4 women were all gentiles, or at least were not jewish. And obviously at the end of Mathew Christs instructs his apostles to go unto all nations and preach the Gospel. But its interesting because during the Gospel, there are many times were is seems like Christ only wanted to serve those of the house of isreal. Obviously he didnt, but Mathew makes it look like that
Is there a reason he made it look like that?
Probably to help the jewish culture at the time understand that Jesus did come especially for the lost sheep of the house of isreal, but the he also wanted even more. He wanted the Gentiles to come too! I am sure there were many people that didnt want to accept that right away
Why did everyone hate the gentiles?
I think part of it was an ignorance thing, But also they werent part of the covenant/chosen people. They were seen as dirty/unholy. And i dont everyone hated them, but the jewish people simple didnt accept them. It was as if they would defile the holy things and places if they were to enter because, well, they were unpure impure
I see. So are you just walking to school most of the time? You live pretty close right?
Yeah, I just walk everyday
Thats nice. I used to do that and it was sweet because you get there so quick and don't have to park. Now I have to park or just get dropped off because parking is too crazy. But I should probably leave soon if I want to make it there on time because it takes at least 10  minutes to drive there and then I have to walk to the classroom. But thank you for chatting this morning. I wish you well on your test. You will do great. Let me know how it goes!
alright, Thanks!
No problem! See you later!