diff --git a/.rubocop.yml b/.rubocop.yml
index 97747b7d..19ce7522 100644
--- a/.rubocop.yml
+++ b/.rubocop.yml
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ Rails/EnvironmentVariableAccess:
 RSpec/IndexedLet:
   Enabled: false
 
+Layout/LineLength:
+  Exclude:
+    - 'spec/**/*'
+
 Rails/SquishedSQLHeredocs:
   Exclude:
     - 'spec/**/*'
diff --git a/lib/delayed/monitor.rb b/lib/delayed/monitor.rb
index d9663f92..63b925e6 100644
--- a/lib/delayed/monitor.rb
+++ b/lib/delayed/monitor.rb
@@ -35,6 +35,33 @@ def query_for(metric)
       send(:"#{metric}_grouped")
     end
 
+    def self.sql_now_in_utc
+      case ActiveRecord::Base.connection.adapter_name
+      when 'PostgreSQL'
+        "TIMEZONE('UTC', NOW())"
+      when 'MySQL', 'Mysql2'
+        "UTC_TIMESTAMP()"
+      else
+        "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.parse_utc_time(string)
+      # Depending on Rails version & DB adapter, this will be either a String or a DateTime.
+      # If it's a DateTime, and if connection is running with the `:local` time zone config,
+      # then by default Rails incorrectly assumes it's in local time instead of UTC.
+      # We use `strftime` to strip the encoded TZ info and re-parse it as UTC.
+      #
+      # Example:
+      # - "2026-02-05 10:01:23"        -> DB-returned string
+      # - "2026-02-05 10:01:23 -0600"  -> Rails-parsed DateTime with incorrect TZ
+      # - "2026-02-05 10:01:23"        -> `strftime` output
+      # - "2026-02-05 04:01:23 -0600"  -> Re-parsed as UTC and converted to local time
+      string = string.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') if string.respond_to?(:strftime)
+
+      ActiveSupport::TimeZone.new("UTC").parse(string)
+    end
+
     private
 
     attr_reader :jobs
@@ -75,7 +102,15 @@ def grouped_count(scope)
 
     def grouped_min(scope, column)
       Delayed::Job.from(scope.select("priority, queue, MIN(#{column}) AS #{column}"))
-        .group(priority_case_statement, :queue).minimum(column)
+        .group(priority_case_statement, :queue)
+        .select(<<~SQL.squish)
+          (#{priority_case_statement}) AS priority,
+          queue,
+          MIN(#{column}) AS #{column},
+          #{self.class.sql_now_in_utc} AS db_now_utc
+        SQL
+        .group_by { |j| [j.priority.to_i, j.queue] }
+        .transform_values(&:first)
     end
 
     def count_grouped
@@ -107,16 +142,16 @@ def failed_count_grouped
     end
 
     def max_lock_age_grouped
-      oldest_locked_job_grouped.transform_values { |locked_at| Job.db_time_now - locked_at }
+      oldest_locked_at_query.transform_values { |j| db_now(j) - j.locked_at }
     end
 
     def max_age_grouped
-      oldest_workable_job_grouped.transform_values { |run_at| Job.db_time_now - run_at }
+      oldest_run_at_query.transform_values { |j| db_now(j) - j.run_at }
     end
 
     def alert_age_percent_grouped
-      oldest_workable_job_grouped.each_with_object({}) do |((priority, queue), run_at), metrics|
-        max_age = Job.db_time_now - run_at
+      oldest_run_at_query.each_with_object({}) do |((priority, queue), j), metrics|
+        max_age = db_now(j) - j.run_at
         alert_age = Priority.new(priority).alert_age
         metrics[[priority, queue]] = [max_age / alert_age * 100, 100].min if alert_age
       end
@@ -129,11 +164,23 @@ def workable_count_grouped
     alias working_count_grouped locked_count_grouped
 
     def oldest_locked_job_grouped
-      grouped_min(jobs.claimed, :locked_at)
+      oldest_locked_at_query.transform_values(&:locked_at)
     end
 
     def oldest_workable_job_grouped
-      @memo[:oldest_workable_job_grouped] ||= grouped_min(jobs.claimable, :run_at)
+      oldest_run_at_query.transform_values(&:run_at)
+    end
+
+    def oldest_locked_at_query
+      @memo[:oldest_locked_at_query] ||= grouped_min(jobs.claimed, :locked_at)
+    end
+
+    def oldest_run_at_query
+      @memo[:oldest_run_at_query] ||= grouped_min(jobs.claimable, :run_at)
+    end
+
+    def db_now(record)
+      self.class.parse_utc_time(record.db_now_utc)
     end
 
     def priority_case_statement
diff --git a/spec/delayed/__snapshots__/monitor_spec.rb.snap b/spec/delayed/__snapshots__/monitor_spec.rb.snap
index 7b4e02f6..5ee5ff1f 100644
--- a/spec/delayed/__snapshots__/monitor_spec.rb.snap
+++ b/spec/delayed/__snapshots__/monitor_spec.rb.snap
@@ -318,10 +318,10 @@ GroupAggregate  (cost=...)
 SNAP
 
 snapshots["runs the expected postgresql query for max_lock_age 1"] = <<-SNAP
-SELECT MIN(locked_at) AS minimum_locked_at, CASE WHEN priority >= 0
+SELECT (CASE WHEN priority >= 0
     AND priority < 10 THEN 0 WHEN priority >= 10
     AND priority < 20 THEN 10 WHEN priority >= 20
-    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END AS case_when_priority_0_and_priority_10_then_0_when_priority_10_an, \"queue\" AS queue
+    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END) AS priority, queue, MIN(locked_at) AS locked_at, TIMEZONE('UTC', NOW()) AS db_now_utc
   FROM (SELECT priority, queue, MIN(locked_at) AS locked_at
   FROM \"delayed_jobs\"
   WHERE \"delayed_jobs\".\"locked_at\" >= '2025-11-10 16:59:43'
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ SNAP
 
 snapshots["produces the expected postgresql query plan for max_lock_age 1"] = <<-SNAP
 GroupAggregate  (cost=...)
-  Output: min(subquery.locked_at), (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
+  Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, min(subquery.locked_at), timezone('UTC'::text, now())
   Group Key: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
   ->  Sort  (cost=...)
         Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, subquery.locked_at
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ SNAP
 
 snapshots["[legacy index] produces the expected postgresql query plan for max_lock_age 1"] = <<-SNAP
 GroupAggregate  (cost=...)
-  Output: min(subquery.locked_at), (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
+  Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, min(subquery.locked_at), timezone('UTC'::text, now())
   Group Key: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
   ->  Sort  (cost=...)
         Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, subquery.locked_at
@@ -377,10 +377,10 @@ GroupAggregate  (cost=...)
 SNAP
 
 snapshots["runs the expected postgresql query for max_age 1"] = <<-SNAP
-SELECT MIN(run_at) AS minimum_run_at, CASE WHEN priority >= 0
+SELECT (CASE WHEN priority >= 0
     AND priority < 10 THEN 0 WHEN priority >= 10
     AND priority < 20 THEN 10 WHEN priority >= 20
-    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END AS case_when_priority_0_and_priority_10_then_0_when_priority_10_an, \"queue\" AS queue
+    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END) AS priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at, TIMEZONE('UTC', NOW()) AS db_now_utc
   FROM (SELECT priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at
   FROM \"delayed_jobs\"
   WHERE (\"delayed_jobs\".\"locked_at\" IS NULL
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ SNAP
 
 snapshots["produces the expected postgresql query plan for max_age 1"] = <<-SNAP
 GroupAggregate  (cost=...)
-  Output: min(subquery.run_at), (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
+  Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, min(subquery.run_at), timezone('UTC'::text, now())
   Group Key: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
   ->  Sort  (cost=...)
         Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, subquery.run_at
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ SNAP
 
 snapshots["[legacy index] produces the expected postgresql query plan for max_age 1"] = <<-SNAP
 GroupAggregate  (cost=...)
-  Output: min(subquery.run_at), (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
+  Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, min(subquery.run_at), timezone('UTC'::text, now())
   Group Key: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
   ->  Sort  (cost=...)
         Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, subquery.run_at
@@ -556,10 +556,10 @@ GroupAggregate  (cost=...)
 SNAP
 
 snapshots["runs the expected postgresql query for alert_age_percent 1"] = <<-SNAP
-SELECT MIN(run_at) AS minimum_run_at, CASE WHEN priority >= 0
+SELECT (CASE WHEN priority >= 0
     AND priority < 10 THEN 0 WHEN priority >= 10
     AND priority < 20 THEN 10 WHEN priority >= 20
-    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END AS case_when_priority_0_and_priority_10_then_0_when_priority_10_an, \"queue\" AS queue
+    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END) AS priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at, TIMEZONE('UTC', NOW()) AS db_now_utc
   FROM (SELECT priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at
   FROM \"delayed_jobs\"
   WHERE (\"delayed_jobs\".\"locked_at\" IS NULL
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ SNAP
 
 snapshots["produces the expected postgresql query plan for alert_age_percent 1"] = <<-SNAP
 GroupAggregate  (cost=...)
-  Output: min(subquery.run_at), (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
+  Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, min(subquery.run_at), timezone('UTC'::text, now())
   Group Key: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
   ->  Sort  (cost=...)
         Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, subquery.run_at
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ SNAP
 
 snapshots["[legacy index] produces the expected postgresql query plan for alert_age_percent 1"] = <<-SNAP
 GroupAggregate  (cost=...)
-  Output: min(subquery.run_at), (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
+  Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, min(subquery.run_at), timezone('UTC'::text, now())
   Group Key: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue
   ->  Sort  (cost=...)
         Output: (CASE WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 0) AND (subquery.priority < 10)) THEN 0 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 10) AND (subquery.priority < 20)) THEN 10 WHEN ((subquery.priority >= 20) AND (subquery.priority < 30)) THEN 20 WHEN (subquery.priority >= 30) THEN 30 ELSE NULL::integer END), subquery.queue, subquery.run_at
@@ -795,10 +795,10 @@ USE TEMP B-TREE FOR GROUP BY
 SNAP
 
 snapshots["runs the expected sqlite3 query for max_lock_age 1"] = <<-SNAP
-SELECT MIN(locked_at) AS minimum_locked_at, CASE WHEN priority >= 0
+SELECT (CASE WHEN priority >= 0
     AND priority < 10 THEN 0 WHEN priority >= 10
     AND priority < 20 THEN 10 WHEN priority >= 20
-    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END AS case_when_priority_0_and_priority_10_then_0_when_priority_10_an, \"queue\" AS queue
+    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END) AS priority, queue, MIN(locked_at) AS locked_at, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS db_now_utc
   FROM (SELECT priority, queue, MIN(locked_at) AS locked_at
   FROM \"delayed_jobs\"
   WHERE \"delayed_jobs\".\"locked_at\" >= '2025-11-10 16:59:43'
@@ -828,10 +828,10 @@ USE TEMP B-TREE FOR GROUP BY
 SNAP
 
 snapshots["runs the expected sqlite3 query for max_age 1"] = <<-SNAP
-SELECT MIN(run_at) AS minimum_run_at, CASE WHEN priority >= 0
+SELECT (CASE WHEN priority >= 0
     AND priority < 10 THEN 0 WHEN priority >= 10
     AND priority < 20 THEN 10 WHEN priority >= 20
-    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END AS case_when_priority_0_and_priority_10_then_0_when_priority_10_an, \"queue\" AS queue
+    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END) AS priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS db_now_utc
   FROM (SELECT priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at
   FROM \"delayed_jobs\"
   WHERE (\"delayed_jobs\".\"locked_at\" IS NULL
@@ -929,10 +929,10 @@ USE TEMP B-TREE FOR GROUP BY
 SNAP
 
 snapshots["runs the expected sqlite3 query for alert_age_percent 1"] = <<-SNAP
-SELECT MIN(run_at) AS minimum_run_at, CASE WHEN priority >= 0
+SELECT (CASE WHEN priority >= 0
     AND priority < 10 THEN 0 WHEN priority >= 10
     AND priority < 20 THEN 10 WHEN priority >= 20
-    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END AS case_when_priority_0_and_priority_10_then_0_when_priority_10_an, \"queue\" AS queue
+    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END) AS priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS db_now_utc
   FROM (SELECT priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at
   FROM \"delayed_jobs\"
   WHERE (\"delayed_jobs\".\"locked_at\" IS NULL
@@ -1149,10 +1149,10 @@ snapshots["[legacy index] produces the expected mysql2 query plan for failed_cou
 SNAP
 
 snapshots["runs the expected mysql2 query for max_lock_age 1"] = <<-SNAP
-SELECT MIN(locked_at) AS minimum_locked_at, CASE WHEN priority >= 0
+SELECT (CASE WHEN priority >= 0
     AND priority < 10 THEN 0 WHEN priority >= 10
     AND priority < 20 THEN 10 WHEN priority >= 20
-    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END AS case_when_priority_0_and_priority_10_then_0_when_priority_10_an, `queue` AS queue
+    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END) AS priority, queue, MIN(locked_at) AS locked_at, UTC_TIMESTAMP() AS db_now_utc
   FROM (SELECT priority, queue, MIN(locked_at) AS locked_at
   FROM `delayed_jobs`
   WHERE `delayed_jobs`.`locked_at` >= '2025-11-10 16:59:43'
@@ -1188,10 +1188,10 @@ snapshots["[legacy index] produces the expected mysql2 query plan for max_lock_a
 SNAP
 
 snapshots["runs the expected mysql2 query for max_age 1"] = <<-SNAP
-SELECT MIN(run_at) AS minimum_run_at, CASE WHEN priority >= 0
+SELECT (CASE WHEN priority >= 0
     AND priority < 10 THEN 0 WHEN priority >= 10
     AND priority < 20 THEN 10 WHEN priority >= 20
-    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END AS case_when_priority_0_and_priority_10_then_0_when_priority_10_an, `queue` AS queue
+    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END) AS priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at, UTC_TIMESTAMP() AS db_now_utc
   FROM (SELECT priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at
   FROM `delayed_jobs`
   WHERE (`delayed_jobs`.`locked_at` IS NULL
@@ -1307,10 +1307,10 @@ snapshots["[legacy index] produces the expected mysql2 query plan for workable_c
 SNAP
 
 snapshots["runs the expected mysql2 query for alert_age_percent 1"] = <<-SNAP
-SELECT MIN(run_at) AS minimum_run_at, CASE WHEN priority >= 0
+SELECT (CASE WHEN priority >= 0
     AND priority < 10 THEN 0 WHEN priority >= 10
     AND priority < 20 THEN 10 WHEN priority >= 20
-    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END AS case_when_priority_0_and_priority_10_then_0_when_priority_10_an, `queue` AS queue
+    AND priority < 30 THEN 20 WHEN priority >= 30 THEN 30 END) AS priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at, UTC_TIMESTAMP() AS db_now_utc
   FROM (SELECT priority, queue, MIN(run_at) AS run_at
   FROM `delayed_jobs`
   WHERE (`delayed_jobs`.`locked_at` IS NULL
diff --git a/spec/delayed/job_spec.rb b/spec/delayed/job_spec.rb
index 1bb4faa8..8ab22e27 100644
--- a/spec/delayed/job_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/delayed/job_spec.rb
@@ -1006,12 +1006,6 @@ def create_job(opts = {})
     end
   end
 
-  if ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR >= 7
-    delegate :default_timezone=, to: ActiveRecord
-  else
-    delegate :default_timezone=, to: ActiveRecord::Base
-  end
-
   context "db_time_now" do
     after do
       Time.zone = nil
diff --git a/spec/delayed/monitor_spec.rb b/spec/delayed/monitor_spec.rb
index c22f7b3d..15160ba3 100644
--- a/spec/delayed/monitor_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/delayed/monitor_spec.rb
@@ -14,262 +14,333 @@
     }
   end
 
-  it 'emits empty metrics for all default priorities' do
-    expect { subject.run! }
-      .to emit_notification("delayed.monitor.run").with_payload(default_payload.except(:queue))
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
-      .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
-  end
+  describe '#run!' do
+    let(:app_local_db_time) { false }
 
-  context 'when named priorities are customized' do
     around do |example|
-      Delayed::Priority.names = { high: 0, low: 7 }
-      example.run
-    ensure
-      Delayed::Priority.names = nil
-    end
+      if app_local_db_time
+        Time.zone = 'US/Central'
+        self.default_timezone = :local
+      end
 
-    it 'emits empty metrics for all custom priorities' do
-      expect { subject.run! }
-        .to emit_notification("delayed.monitor.run").with_payload(default_payload.except(:queue))
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
+      # On PostgreSQL, running examples in a transaction allows CURRENT_TIMESTAMP to remain stable.
+      # We can in turn use this to set Timecop to the same time as the DB for deterministic time math.
+      Delayed::Job.transaction do
+        now = described_class.parse_utc_time(
+          Delayed::Job.connection.select_value("SELECT #{described_class.sql_now_in_utc}"),
+        )
+        Timecop.freeze(now) { example.run }
+      end
+    ensure
+      Time.zone = nil
+      self.default_timezone = :utc
     end
-  end
 
-  context 'when there are jobs in the queue' do
-    let(:now) { Delayed::Job.db_time_now.change(nsec: 0) }
-    let(:job_attributes) do
-      {
-        run_at: now,
-        queue: 'default',
-        handler: "--- !ruby/object:SimpleJob\n",
-        attempts: 0,
-      }
-    end
-    let(:failed_attributes) { { run_at: now - 1.week, attempts: 1, failed_at: now - 1.day, locked_at: now - 1.day } }
-    let(:p0_attributes) { job_attributes.merge(priority: 1, attempts: 1) }
-    let(:p10_attributes) { job_attributes.merge(priority: 13, locked_at: now - 1.day) }
-    let(:p20_attributes) { job_attributes.merge(priority: 23, attempts: 1) }
-    let(:p30_attributes) { job_attributes.merge(priority: 999, locked_at: now - 1.day) }
-    let(:p0_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive') }
-    let(:p10_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible') }
-    let(:p20_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual') }
-    let(:p30_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting') }
-    let!(:p0_workable_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p0_attributes.merge(run_at: now - 30.seconds) }
-    let!(:p0_failed_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p0_attributes.merge(failed_attributes) }
-    let!(:p0_future_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p0_attributes.merge(run_at: now + 1.hour) }
-    let!(:p0_working_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p0_attributes.merge(locked_at: now - 3.minutes) }
-    let!(:p10_workable_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p10_attributes.merge(run_at: now - 2.minutes) }
-    let!(:p10_failed_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p10_attributes.merge(failed_attributes) }
-    let!(:p10_future_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p10_attributes.merge(run_at: now + 1.hour) }
-    let!(:p10_working_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p10_attributes.merge(locked_at: now - 7.minutes) }
-    let!(:p20_workable_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p20_attributes.merge(run_at: now - 1.hour) }
-    let!(:p20_failed_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p20_attributes.merge(failed_attributes) }
-    let!(:p20_future_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p20_attributes.merge(run_at: now + 1.hour) }
-    let!(:p20_working_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p20_attributes.merge(locked_at: now - 9.minutes) }
-    let!(:p30_workable_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p30_attributes.merge(run_at: now - 6.hours) }
-    let!(:p30_failed_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p30_attributes.merge(failed_attributes) }
-    let!(:p30_future_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p30_attributes.merge(run_at: now + 1.hour) }
-    let!(:p30_working_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p30_attributes.merge(locked_at: now - 11.minutes) }
-    let!(:p30_workable_job_in_other_queue) { Delayed::Job.create! p30_attributes.merge(run_at: now - 4.hours, queue: 'banana') }
+    let(:now) { Delayed::Job.db_time_now }
 
-    around do |example|
-      Timecop.freeze(now) { example.run }
-    end
-
-    it 'emits the expected results for each metric' do
+    it 'emits empty metrics for all default priorities' do
       expect { subject.run! }
         .to emit_notification("delayed.monitor.run").with_payload(default_payload.except(:queue))
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(4)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(3)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(30.seconds)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(3.minutes)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(30.0.seconds / 1.minute * 100)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(4)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(2.minutes)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(7.minutes)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(2.0.minutes / 3.minutes * 100)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(4)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(3)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1.hour)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(9.minutes)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1.hour / 1.5.hours * 100)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(4)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(0)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(6.hours)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(11.minutes)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(100) # 6 hours / 4 hours (overflow)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p30_payload.merge(queue: 'banana')).with_value(1)
-        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p30_payload.merge(queue: 'banana')).with_value(4.hours)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual')).approximately.with_value(0)
+        .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting')).approximately.with_value(0)
     end
 
     context 'when named priorities are customized' do
       around do |example|
-        Delayed::Priority.names = { high: 0, low: 20 }
+        Delayed::Priority.names = { high: 0, low: 7 }
         example.run
       ensure
         Delayed::Priority.names = nil
       end
-      let(:p0_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'high') }
-      let(:p20_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'low') }
+
+      it 'emits empty metrics for all custom priorities' do
+        expect { subject.run! }
+          .to emit_notification("delayed.monitor.run").with_payload(default_payload.except(:queue))
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).approximately.with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).approximately.with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).approximately.with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).approximately.with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'high')).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(default_payload.merge(priority: 'low')).with_value(0)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when there are jobs in the queue' do
+      let(:job_attributes) do
+        {
+          run_at: now,
+          queue: 'default',
+          handler: "--- !ruby/object:SimpleJob\n",
+          attempts: 0,
+        }
+      end
+      let(:failed_attributes) { { run_at: now - 1.week, attempts: 1, failed_at: now - 1.day, locked_at: now - 1.day } }
+      let(:p0_attributes) { job_attributes.merge(priority: 1, attempts: 1) }
+      let(:p10_attributes) { job_attributes.merge(priority: 13, locked_at: now - 1.day) }
+      let(:p20_attributes) { job_attributes.merge(priority: 23, attempts: 1) }
+      let(:p30_attributes) { job_attributes.merge(priority: 999, locked_at: now - 1.day) }
+      let(:p0_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'interactive') }
+      let(:p10_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'user_visible') }
+      let(:p20_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'eventual') }
+      let(:p30_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'reporting') }
+      let!(:p0_workable_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p0_attributes.merge(run_at: now - 30.seconds) }
+      let!(:p0_failed_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p0_attributes.merge(failed_attributes) }
+      let!(:p0_future_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p0_attributes.merge(run_at: now + 1.hour) }
+      let!(:p0_working_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p0_attributes.merge(locked_at: now - 3.minutes) }
+      let!(:p10_workable_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p10_attributes.merge(run_at: now - 2.minutes) }
+      let!(:p10_failed_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p10_attributes.merge(failed_attributes) }
+      let!(:p10_future_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p10_attributes.merge(run_at: now + 1.hour) }
+      let!(:p10_working_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p10_attributes.merge(locked_at: now - 7.minutes) }
+      let!(:p20_workable_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p20_attributes.merge(run_at: now - 1.hour) }
+      let!(:p20_failed_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p20_attributes.merge(failed_attributes) }
+      let!(:p20_future_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p20_attributes.merge(run_at: now + 1.hour) }
+      let!(:p20_working_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p20_attributes.merge(locked_at: now - 9.minutes) }
+      let!(:p30_workable_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p30_attributes.merge(run_at: now - 6.hours) }
+      let!(:p30_failed_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p30_attributes.merge(failed_attributes) }
+      let!(:p30_future_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p30_attributes.merge(run_at: now + 1.hour) }
+      let!(:p30_working_job) { Delayed::Job.create! p30_attributes.merge(locked_at: now - 11.minutes) }
+      let!(:p30_workable_job_in_other_queue) { Delayed::Job.create! p30_attributes.merge(run_at: now - 4.hours, queue: 'banana') }
 
       it 'emits the expected results for each metric' do
         expect { subject.run! }
           .to emit_notification("delayed.monitor.run").with_payload(default_payload.except(:queue))
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(8)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(4)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
           .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(3)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2.minutes)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(7.minutes)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(8)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(2)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(2)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p0_payload).approximately.with_value(30.seconds)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p0_payload).approximately.with_value(3.minutes)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p0_payload).approximately.with_value(30.0.seconds / 1.minute * 100)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(4)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p10_payload).approximately.with_value(2.minutes)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p10_payload).approximately.with_value(7.minutes)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p10_payload).approximately.with_value(2.0.minutes / 3.minutes * 100)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(4)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
           .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(3)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(2)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(2)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(2)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(6.hours)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(11.minutes)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p20_payload.merge(queue: 'banana')).with_value(1)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p20_payload.merge(queue: 'banana')).with_value(4.hours)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p20_payload).approximately.with_value(1.hour)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p20_payload).approximately.with_value(9.minutes)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p20_payload).approximately.with_value(1.hour / 1.5.hours * 100)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(4)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(0)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p30_payload).approximately.with_value(6.hours)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p30_payload).approximately.with_value(11.minutes)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p30_payload).approximately.with_value(100) # 6 hours / 4 hours (overflow)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p30_payload.merge(queue: 'banana')).with_value(1)
+          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p30_payload.merge(queue: 'banana')).approximately.with_value(4.hours)
       end
 
-      context 'when alert thresholds are specified' do
+      context 'when named priorities are customized' do
         around do |example|
-          Delayed::Priority.alerts = { high: { age: 3.hours }, low: { age: 1.year } }
+          Delayed::Priority.names = { high: 0, low: 20 }
           example.run
         ensure
-          Delayed::Priority.alerts = nil
+          Delayed::Priority.names = nil
         end
+        let(:p0_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'high') }
+        let(:p20_payload) { default_payload.merge(priority: 'low') }
 
-        it 'emits the expected alert_age_percent results' do
+        it 'emits the expected results for each metric' do
           expect { subject.run! }
-            .to emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2.0.minutes / 3.hours * 100)
-            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(6.0.hours / 1.year * 100)
+            .to emit_notification("delayed.monitor.run").with_payload(default_payload.except(:queue))
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(8)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(3)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(2)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p0_payload).approximately.with_value(2.minutes)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p0_payload).approximately.with_value(7.minutes)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p0_payload).approximately.with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(8)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(2)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(2)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(3)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(2)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(2)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(2)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p20_payload).approximately.with_value(6.hours)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p20_payload).approximately.with_value(11.minutes)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p20_payload).approximately.with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p20_payload.merge(queue: 'banana')).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p20_payload.merge(queue: 'banana')).approximately.with_value(4.hours)
+        end
+
+        context 'when alert thresholds are specified' do
+          around do |example|
+            Delayed::Priority.alerts = { high: { age: 3.hours }, low: { age: 1.year } }
+            example.run
+          ensure
+            Delayed::Priority.alerts = nil
+          end
+
+          it 'emits the expected alert_age_percent results' do
+            expect { subject.run! }
+              .to emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p0_payload).approximately.with_value(2.0.minutes / 3.hours * 100)
+              .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p20_payload).approximately.with_value(6.0.hours / 1.year * 100)
+          end
         end
       end
-    end
 
-    context 'when worker queues are specified' do
-      around do |example|
-        Delayed::Worker.queues = %w(banana gram)
-        Delayed::Priority.names = { interactive: 0 } # avoid splitting by priority for simplicity
-        Delayed::Priority.alerts = { interactive: { age: 8.hours } }
-        example.run
-      ensure
-        Delayed::Priority.names = nil
-        Delayed::Worker.queues = []
+      context 'when worker queues are specified' do
+        around do |example|
+          Delayed::Worker.queues = %w(banana gram)
+          Delayed::Priority.names = { interactive: 0 } # avoid splitting by priority for simplicity
+          Delayed::Priority.alerts = { interactive: { age: 8.hours } }
+          example.run
+        ensure
+          Delayed::Priority.names = nil
+          Delayed::Worker.queues = []
+        end
+        let(:banana_payload) { default_payload.merge(queue: 'banana', priority: 'interactive') }
+        let(:gram_payload) { default_payload.merge(queue: 'gram', priority: 'interactive') }
+
+        it 'emits the expected results for each queue' do
+          expect { subject.run! }
+            .to emit_notification("delayed.monitor.run").with_payload(default_payload.except(:queue))
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(banana_payload).approximately.with_value(4.hours)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(banana_payload).approximately.with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(banana_payload).approximately.with_value(4.0.hours / 8.hours * 100)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(gram_payload).approximately.with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(gram_payload).approximately.with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(gram_payload).approximately.with_value(0)
+        end
       end
-      let(:banana_payload) { default_payload.merge(queue: 'banana', priority: 'interactive') }
-      let(:gram_payload) { default_payload.merge(queue: 'gram', priority: 'interactive') }
 
-      it 'emits the expected results for each queue' do
-        expect { subject.run! }
-          .to emit_notification("delayed.monitor.run").with_payload(default_payload.except(:queue))
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(1)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(1)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(4.hours)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(banana_payload).with_value(4.0.hours / 8.hours * 100)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
-          .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(gram_payload).with_value(0)
+      context 'when using app-local timezone for DB timestamps' do
+        let(:app_local_db_time) { true }
+
+        it 'emits the expected results for each metric' do
+          expect { subject.run! }
+            .to emit_notification("delayed.monitor.run").with_payload(default_payload.except(:queue))
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(4)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(3)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p0_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p0_payload).approximately.with_value(30.seconds)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p0_payload).approximately.with_value(3.minutes)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p0_payload).approximately.with_value(30.0.seconds / 1.minute * 100)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(4)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p10_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p10_payload).approximately.with_value(2.minutes)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p10_payload).approximately.with_value(7.minutes)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p10_payload).approximately.with_value(2.0.minutes / 3.minutes * 100)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(4)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(3)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p20_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p20_payload).approximately.with_value(1.hour)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p20_payload).approximately.with_value(9.minutes)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p20_payload).approximately.with_value(1.hour / 1.5.hours * 100)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(4)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.future_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.locked_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.erroring_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(0)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.failed_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.working_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p30_payload).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p30_payload).approximately.with_value(6.hours)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_lock_age").with_payload(p30_payload).approximately.with_value(11.minutes)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.alert_age_percent").with_payload(p30_payload).approximately.with_value(100) # 6 hours / 4 hours (overflow)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.workable_count").with_payload(p30_payload.merge(queue: 'banana')).with_value(1)
+            .and emit_notification("delayed.job.max_age").with_payload(p30_payload.merge(queue: 'banana')).approximately.with_value(4.hours)
+        end
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/helper.rb b/spec/helper.rb
index 979499c1..066a8557 100644
--- a/spec/helper.rb
+++ b/spec/helper.rb
@@ -38,13 +38,12 @@ def with_log_level(level)
 
 ENV['RAILS_ENV'] = 'test'
 
-db_adapter = ENV["ADAPTER"]
-gemfile = ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"]
-db_adapter ||= gemfile && gemfile[%r{gemfiles/(.*?)/}] && $1 # rubocop:disable Style/PerlBackrefs
-db_adapter ||= "sqlite3"
+def current_adapter
+  ENV.fetch('ADAPTER', 'sqlite3')
+end
 
 config = YAML.load(ERB.new(File.read("spec/database.yml")).result)
-ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection config[db_adapter]
+ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection config[current_adapter]
 ActiveRecord::Base.logger = Delayed.logger
 ActiveJob::Base.logger = Delayed.logger
 ActiveRecord::Migration.verbose = false
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ def with_log_level(level)
 # MySQL 5.7 no longer supports null default values for the primary key
 # Override the default primary key type in Rails <= 4.0
 # https://stackoverflow.com/a/34555109
-if db_adapter == "mysql2"
+if current_adapter == "mysql2"
   types = if defined?(ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractMysqlAdapter)
             # ActiveRecord 3.2+
             ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractMysqlAdapter::NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES
@@ -208,6 +207,14 @@ class SingletonClass
   ActiveSupport::Dependencies.autoload_paths << File.dirname(__FILE__)
 end
 
+def default_timezone=(zone)
+  if ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR >= 7
+    ActiveRecord.default_timezone = zone
+  else
+    ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone = zone
+  end
+end
+
 RSpec::Matchers.define :emit_notification do |expected_event_name|
   attr_reader :actual, :expected
 
@@ -217,10 +224,15 @@ def supports_block_expectations?
 
   chain :with_payload, :expected_payload
   chain :with_value, :expected_value
+  chain(:approximately) { @approximately = true }
   diffable
 
   match do |block|
-    @expected = { event_name: expected_event_name, payload: expected_payload, value: expected_value }
+    if @approximately && current_adapter != 'postgresql'
+      @expected_value = a_value_within([2, @expected_value.abs * 0.05].max).of(@expected_value)
+    end
+
+    @expected = { event_name: expected_event_name, payload: expected_payload, value: @expected_value }
     @actuals = []
     callback = ->(name, _started, _finished, _unique_id, payload) do
       @actuals << { event_name: name, payload: payload.except(:value), value: payload[:value] }
@@ -249,10 +261,6 @@ def supports_block_expectations?
   end
 end
 
-def current_adapter
-  ENV.fetch('ADAPTER', 'sqlite3')
-end
-
 def current_database
   if current_adapter == 'sqlite3'
     a_string_ending_with('tmp/database.sqlite')