rovers.txt

     Roving observer file.  This contains "MPC codes" for observers who
  don't have MPC codes,  mostly satellite observers.  Also,  MPC provides
  wrong or imprecise coordinates for many obscodes,  and/or lumps many
  telescopes spread out over a mountaintop under one obscode.  This file
  provides corrected locations in such cases.

     Locations can be in the MPC standard longitude/rho_cos_phi/rho_sin_phi
  triplet format,  or as lon/lat/altitude.  So far,  MPC has used codes
  with starting characters 0-9 or A-Z,  followed by two digits.  So I've
  used three letter codes,  often mixed-case,  ideally giving a hint as
  to the observatory.  One is not limited to alphanumerics;  note the use
  of '2.2' and '0.6' for the Maunakea 2.2-meter and 0.6-meter scopes.
  Characters from ASCII 33 = '!' to 126='~' can be used,  for 94^3=830584
  possible observatory codes.  That should last for a while.

     Altitudes marked with '?' are usually just copied from the altitude
  given for a nearby telescope,  and may not be completely accurate.

     The '!' in column 5 indicates that the data depart from the usual MPC
  format.  The observatory name starts in column 48,  rather than column
  31,  to allow more precision.  It also gives room to specify a non-Earth
  based observer (see examples below for planets,  MSL,  LCROSS and Chang'e
  5-T1 booster impact points,  Lagrange points,  etc.)  It allows for
  four-character MPC codes.  Punched-card format astrometry won't support
  those,  but ADES will,  and some of my software allows one to request
  (for example) ephemerides from a four-character "MPC code".  I may
  support such codes by allowing 81-column astrometry,  though that would
  force us to abandon punched cards.

     Longitudes and latitudes are either in decimal degree or deg/min/sec
  form.  See,  e.g.,  (273) EISCAT for an example of the latter.  East and
  North are positive.  For West 82.3 degrees,  you could use either -82.3
  or 277.7 (implied east),  or 2774200. or -821800.

     Altitudes are in meters above the (WGS84) ellipsoid.  The difference
  between ellipsoidal altitudes and above sea level altitudes can be up
  to about 100 meters.  Gareth Williams tells me that MPC has been careful
  about asking people which flavor of altitude they're using.  If they
  give an ASL elevation,  he corrects it to an ellipsoidal one using the
  EGM96 model.  Google Earth altitudes are ASL and therefore always
  corrected;  GPS positions have to be flagged so that MPC can know
  whether to correct them.

     To get the correction ("geoid height") between ellipsoidal and
  geodetic (sea level) altitudes,  use this :

  http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/GeoidEval

     Any line in this file starting with a space is assumed to be a
  comment.  Negative longitudes (and those between 180 and 360) are in
  the Western Hemisphere.

   NOTE that rather than add codes here,  one can use code (247),  the
   "roving observer",  as described at

   https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/RovingObs.html

   _Or_,  one can use code (XXX),  as described at

   https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/Astrometry.html#HowObsCode

   For this last,  one uses code XXX,  and inserts a line at the top of the
   observations such as

   COM Long. 239 18 45 E, Lat. 33 54 11 N, Alt. 100m, Google Earth

   Note that MPC is rather strict about the above format (east longitudes
   only,  degrees/minutes/seconds).  Find_Orb is more flexible -- you can
   use any "code",  meaning you can even move existing codes,  and you can
   use decimal degrees and West longitudes if you wish -- but don't expect
   MPC to understand what you've done.

      Also note that some information about codes can be gathered via URLs
   of the form

   https://cgi.minorplanetcenter.net/cgi-bin/cgipy/obscode?obscode=xxx

      where xxx=code in question.  This can (sometimes) get you an 'owner',
   which may help in tracking down information about a particular site.
   My thanks to Peter Birtwhistle for pointing this out to me.

      MPC now also provides JSON-formatted obscodes via

   curl -X GET -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{}' https://data.minorplanetcenter.net/api/obscodes

   Some artificial satellite observers :

GRR !  18.5129       -33.94058        10       Greg Roberts, South Africa
MMc ! 262.1339       +30.1316        918       Mike McCants
RPa ! -71.0000       +43.6666        200       Ralph Pass
ScT !-123.6685       +49.4348         40       Roberts Creek 1 (Scott Tilley)
ATA !-121.4695       +40.8178        986       Allen Telescope Array
EKa !  10.279056     +54.35333        60       Edgar Kaiser
Brb !   5.896093     +43.155552      240       Barbeau

   When 2008 TC3 impacted the earth on 7 Oct 2008,  I added the impact point
   as an "observatory" so I could get impact-centered ephemerides easily.
   Similarly for the 2014 AA estimated impact coordinates,  100 km above
   the Atlantic Ocean,  and various other impact points.

Sud !  33.11952      +20.59777       10        Sudan impact site
Atl ! -43.2          +12.5       100000        2014 AA impact location
C5T !+233.51049    +05.19390          10   @10 Chang'e 5-T1 stage impact point
LCO ! 311.75834      -84.56139        10   @10 LCROSS impact site
WT1 !  80.9004       +05.5488          0       WT1190F nominal impact point

   Shortly after the Chelyabinsk meteor impacted,  I computed a (_very) rough
   orbit based on the object coming in ten km above Chelyabinsk at 17.3 km/s
   from azimuth 97,  alt +18.  The following 'Che' code helped :

Che !  61.42         +55.1528      10000       Chelyabinsk meteor

   Bowdoinham,  Maine,  my home town in the northeastern United States,
   added so I could get topocentric ephemerides readily :

Bow ! -69.9          +44.01         100        Bowdoinham

    The centers of the Sun,  moon,  and planets are treated as 'rovers'.
    (You'll see below Spirit,  Opportunity,  and various other spacecraft
    set up as 'rovers' on Mars.)  The solar system barycenter can be
    specified as either (Bar) or (SSB).

Bar !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @12 SS Barycenter
SSB !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @12 SS Barycenter
Sun !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @0  Sun
Mer !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @1  Mercury
Ven !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @2  Venus
Mar !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @4  Mars
Jup !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @5  Jupiter
Sat !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @6  Saturn
Ura !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @7  Uranus
Nep !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @8  Neptune
Plu !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @9  Pluto
Lun !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @10 Luna

   Lagrange points are approximate (but good approximation) fictions.
   L1, L2,  and L3 are assumed to lie in straight lines with both bodies
   at fractions based on the relative masses of the objects. L4 and L5
   are at equilateral triangle points. Perturbations are ignored.  I
   don't expect observations to be made from these points;  this is
   really so you can compute ephemerides from these locations.  For
   each point,  the indices for the primary and secondary object are
   given (moon=10);  then fraction of distance from primary to secondary,
   and then fraction "along orbit" (non-zero for L4 and L5,  where the
   value is +/- sqrt(.75) to make the equilateral triangle.)  For
   example,  EM1 is 84.906% of the way from the earth to the moon.  See
   'lagrange.c' in the 'junk' repository for mathematical details and
   code to generate these values for other systems.
      The '@90xx' numbers are used as an index by Find_Orb.  They
   have to be unique and over 9000,  but otherwise have no meaning.

SE1 !   0    3 0.98998902 0              @9001 Sun-Earth L1
SE2 !   0    3 1.01007824 0              @9002 Sun-Earth L2
SE3 !   0    3 -0.99999823 0             @9003 Sun-Earth L3
SE4 !   0    3 0.5  0.8660254            @9004 Sun-Earth L4
SE5 !   0    3 0.5 -0.8660254            @9005 Sun-Earth L5
EM1 !   3   10 0.84906572  0             @9006 Earth-Moon L1
EM2 !   3   10 1.16783275  0             @9007 Earth-Moon L2
EM3 !   3   10 -0.99291206 0             @9008 Earth-Moon L3
EM4 !   3   10 0.5  0.8660254            @9009 Earth-Moon L4
EM5 !   3   10 0.5 -0.8660254            @9010 Earth-Moon L5
SJ1 !   0    5 0.93331933 0              @9011 Sun-Jupiter L1
SJ2 !   0    5 1.06978454 0              @9012 Sun-Jupiter L2
SJ3 !   0    5 -0.99944357 0             @9013 Sun-Jupiter L3
SJ4 !   0    5 0.5  0.8660254            @9014 Sun-Jupiter L4
SJ5 !   0    5 0.5 -0.8660254            @9015 Sun-Jupiter L5

   Trickery similar to the above gets us the Earth-Moon barycenter.
   mass(moon) / mass( earth + moon) = 0.01215058.

EMB !   3   10 0.01215058 0              @9016 Earth-Moon barycenter

   The following spacecraft lack MPC observatory codes,  but either
   have provided astrometry (though not to MPC) or might do so.

SoO !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @-2 Solar Orbiter
PSP !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @-2 Parker Space Probe
Cas !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @-2 Cassini
MEx !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @-2 Mars Express
Goe !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @-2 GOES-19
SWF !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @-2 Space Weather Follow-On L1
MRO !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @-2 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Met !   7.212778     +51.520802       54       Bernd Brinkmann meteor site
JSt !   8.32         +52.02          300       Joerg Strunk meteor site

SBo !   8.327722     +47.525778      450       Sandro Boschetti

   TAROT position from http://tarot.obs-hp.fr/tarot/infos/.  See
   (TaS) below,  in the La Silla section.

Tar !   6.92389      +43.75222      1270       TAROT Calern Observatory

   There are at least eleven telescopes on Maunakea.  Until 2022 Oct 7,
   all (with a few exceptions) were lumped as (568).  Some are not very
   close to the position specified for (568).  See
   http://arxiv.org/pdf/1106.5835 for an example where the difference
   matters -- admittedly unusual,  involving a close-in artificial object;
   there have been a few NEOs where it also mattered.  The following list
   is from: http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/IRrefdata/telescope_ref_data.php,
   and/or http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/mko/coordinates.shtml (same data).
      I had doubts about these lat/lon/alts,  derived from an aerial survey
   and in NAD83 datum,  with altitudes in feet (data given in non-metric
   units always makes me worry) and given to a meaningless precision of
   about 0.3 millimeters -- those sorts of mistakes usually mean bogus data
   -- but checks with people who have actually been on Maunakea with GPS
   units and by Dave Tholen (see below) have assuaged those worries.
      Lat/lon/alts in this file are supposed to be on the WGS84 ellipsoid.
   I just took the NAD83 lat/longs and ignored the difference (about two
   meters).  I increased altitudes by 26 meters,  the approximate geoid
   height given by

   https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/cgi-bin/GeoidEval?input=19.82528+-155.46887&option=Submit

      to convert heights above sea level (or,  equivalently,  above the geoid)
   to heights above the WGS84 ellipsoid.
      No altitudes were given for JCMT and CSO.  4190 meters (increased by
   26 meters) seemed at least roughly in the ballpark of the altitudes for
   the other telescopes.
      Note also that the MPC position for (568) corresponds to longitude
   -155.4722,  lat 19.8262,  4202 meters.  After allowing for roundoff
   (only five digits on parallaxes!),  this looks like the correct
   position for IRTF.
      Dave Tholen has gotten a precise measurement for the 2.2-m scope
   by imaging navigation satellites.  The resulting position was 1.3133e-5
   degrees (about 1.46 meters) north,  2.6364e-5 degrees (about 2.76 meters)
   west,  and 4.975 meters higher than the aerial survey position.  We think
   the aerial survey is internally consistent,  so I've added the same
   offset to the other Maunakea scopes in that survey.
      Note that (2.2), (CFH),  and (Sub) now have official MPC codes (T12),
   (T14),  and (T09).  I've retained the three older codes for historical
   compatibility,  but you should now use the officially blessed codes.

        longitude    latitude       height
      DDD.ddddddddd   DD.ddddddddd       (m)
0.6 !-155.470989106  +19.821627436  4217.302   Univ of Hawaii 0.6-m, Maunakea
2.2 !-155.469459900  +19.823004200  4244.530   University of Hawaii 88-inch telescope, Maunakea
CFH !-155.468902081  +19.825264933  4235.081   Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, Maunakea
T13 !-155.472025153  +19.826231450  4199.042   NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, Maunakea
T11 !-155.470353114  +19.822444616  4229.473   United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Maunakea
JCM !-155.477027458  +19.822820747  4220.975   James Clerke Maxwell Telescope (JCMT)
CSO !-155.475523433  +19.822451072  4220.975   Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO)
T16 !-155.474744878  +19.825959680  4190.556   W. M. Keck Observatory, Keck 1, Maunakea
T17 !-155.474260442  +19.826573655  4190.556   W. M. Keck Observatory, Keck 2, Maunakea
Sub !-155.476045028  +19.825517091  4193.976   Subaru Telescope, Maunakea
T15 !-155.469073117  +19.823814580  4244.414   Gemini North Observatory, Maunakea

   From http://cso.caltech.edu/wiki/cso/telescope/telescope : a position
   about 400 meters northwest of the above aerial survey position,  and
   dozens of meters lower in altitude!  (Again with 26 meters added on
   the assumption that the altitude given at the page is ASL,  not ellipsoidal.)
   Note that MPC has added this as code (T10),  almost between (Cso) and (CSO),
   slightly closer to the former,  but at altitude 4111 meters,  well below
   every other telescope on the mountain.

Cso !-155.478367778  +19.825471667  4165       Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO)

   Following position from Geoff Bowers :

MKV !-155.45551209   +19.8013877    3763.061   Maunakea VLBA

      The following five (official) MPC sites have corrected positions,
   copy/pasted from the above.

266 !-155.476045028  +19.825517091  4193.976   New Horizons KBO Search-Subaru
267 !-155.468902081  +19.825264933  4235.081   New Horizons KBO Search-CFHT
T09 !-155.476045028  +19.825517091  4193.976   Subaru Telescope, Maunakea
T12 !-155.469459900  +19.823004200  4244.530   University of Hawaii 88-inch telescope, Maunakea
T14 !-155.468902081  +19.825264933  4235.081   Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, Maunakea

Ce1 !  -2.566025     +37.982840     1532       Centu1 (J75 scope)

   At one time,  it looked as if there might be some Dawn-based astrometry,
   with coordinates relative to Ceres.
Daw !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @10 Dawn spacecraft

   I found some observations of Phobos transiting the Sun as seen from
   Spirit and Opportunity,  and wanted to compute ephems from the rovers.
   Updated 2020 Mar 12 using data from the Mars24 clock program,
   https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/ .  Note that it gives remarks
   about significant disagreements in positions between sources.  East
   longitudes are positive,  as on Earth.  Positions given with altitudes
   are from JPL _Horizons_ (entered 2023 Nov 26).
Spi !-184.5271       -14.5691999   -2647.5 @4  Spirit
Opp ! 354.6427098    -02.2554835   -2104.2 @4  Opportunity
MSL !-222.5583       -04.5894999   -4501.  @4  MSL (Curiosity)
InS !-224.3765531    +04.5023842   -2613.4 @4  Mars InSight
Pho !-125.752        +68.219       -4100.  @4  Phoenix lander, Mars
Pat !-033.2542969    +19.3115308   -4190.7 @4  Mars Pathfinder
Vk1 !-047.95137      +22.5093139   -3941.7 @4  Viking 1
Vk2 !-225.719635     +48.0061408   -3365.8 @4  Viking 2
Be2 !  90.43         +11.53            0   @4  Beagle 2
ExM ! 353.79         -02.07            0   @4  ExoMars Schiaparelli
Per !-282.5491       +18.4446      -2567.  @4  Perseverance, Mars
Exf ! 335.45         +18.20            0   @4  ExoMars (future)
MPL ! 195.3          -76.1             0   @4  Mars Polar Lander
Ma6 !  19.42         -23.9             0   @4  Mars 6 site
Ma3 ! 202.           -45.              0   @4  Mars 3 site
Ma2 !  47.           -45.              0   @4  Mars 2 site

Zhu ! 109.925        +25.066       -4099.4 @4  Zhurong landing site

   In some cases,  viewpoints from the Moon may be useful.
Ch6 !-153.9852       -41.6385          0   @10 Chang'e 6 lander
Ch5 ! -51.9161       +43.0576          0   @10 Chang'e 5 lander
Ch4 ! 177.589        -45.457           0   @10 Chang'e 4 lander
Ch3 ! -19.5116       +44.1214          0   @10 Chang'e 3 lander
11a !  23.47307      +00.67344989  -1927.6 @10 Apollo 11 LRRR
LHD !  62.2129       +12.7142001   -3670.0 @10 Luna-24 landing site
Su7 ! 348.4873       -40.9811999      81.0 @10 Surveyor 7 landing site
Cd3 !  32.319        -69.3729998     492.0 @10 Chandrayaan-3 Vikram site

LNA ! -45.896527     -22.01097      1000       LNA (Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica)

   There has been one radar observation,  of (367943) Duende (2012 DA14),
   made from the following station.  It's at E 19 13' 33.1", N 69 35' 11.3",
   altitude 89.16 meters,  in Norway. The formatting should be obvious :

273 !  191333.10     +693511.3        89.16    EISCAT Tromso UHF (32-m)

Jah ! 008.351507     +54.652323       10       Jost Jahn's home observatory

   Coordinates for DSN stations,  added from
   https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/eph/planets/stations/dsn.itrf93/dsn.itrf93_cartesian_19oct2020.txt
   and converted from Cartesian coordinates to lat/lon/alt.

d12 !-116.80548923 +35.29993708      962.1551  DSS 12 Goldstone Echo 34-meter
d13 !-116.79445900 +35.24716424     1070.4438  DSS 13 Goldstone Venus 34-meter
d14 !-116.88953821 +35.42590087     1001.3206  DSS 14 Goldstone 70-meter
d15 !-116.88719510 +35.42185328      973.1963  DSS 15 Goldstone 34-meter
d16 !-116.87364975 +35.34153939      943.9776  DSS 16 Goldstone 26-meter
d17 !-116.87350536 +35.34217657      936.9160  DSS 17 Goldstone 9-meter
d24 !-116.87479439 +35.33989280      951.5116  DSS 24 Goldstone 34-meter
d25 !-116.87536320 +35.33761197      959.6343  DSS 25 Goldstone 34-meter
d26 !-116.87301642 +35.33568918      968.6932  DSS 26 Goldstone 34-meter
d27 !-116.77665045 +35.23827178     1052.4689  DSS 27 Goldstone 34-meter
d28 !-116.77889117 +35.23827202     1064.6481  DSS 28 Goldstone 34-meter
d34 ! 148.98196443 -35.39847884      692.0204  DSS 34 Canberra 34-meter
263 ! 148.98145576 -35.39579552      694.8893  Canberra DSS 35
264 ! 148.97854426 -35.39510176      685.5055  Canberra DSS 36
d42 ! 148.98126740 -35.40067464      674.6155  DSS 42 Canberra 34-meter
265 ! 148.98126731 -35.40242423      688.7973  Canberra DSS 43
d45 ! 148.97768563 -35.39845769      674.3329  DSS 45 Canberra 34-meter
d46 ! 148.98308169 -35.40501064      676.8121  DSS 46 Canberra 26-meter
d49 ! 148.26351559 -32.99839901      414.8151  DSS 49 Parkes
d54 !  -4.25409682 +40.42562168      837.0518  DSS 54 Madrid 34-meter
d56 !  -4.25206069 +40.42596469      835.7366  DSS 56 Madrid 34-meter
d55 !  -4.25263330 +40.42429590      819.0613  DSS 55 Madrid 34-meter
d61 !  -4.24902224 +40.42873917      840.4264  DSS 61 Robledo 34-meter
d63 !  -4.24800854 +40.43120975      864.7465  DSS 63 Robledo 70-meter
d65 !  -4.25069890 +40.42720636      833.8398  DSS 65 Madrid 34-meter
R46 !  -2.3085692  +53.2365445       179.34    Lovell (76-m, Jodrell Bank)
d76 ! 147.4405184  -42.8035845        65.11    DSS 76 Hobart 26-meter

   From the same file : these three radiotelescopes were moved or raised,
   and the previous positions are given below.

d1b !-116.80548923 +35.29993708      959.1071  DSS 12 Goldstone Echo 26-meter (before Oct 1978)
d6a !  -4.24902224 +40.42873917      837.3783  DSS 61 Robledo 26-meter (before August 1979)
d6e !  -4.25141796 +40.42718512      833.8158  DSS 65 Madrid 34-meter (before March 2005)


   Coordinates for these four DSN Stations were given in
   ftp://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/eph/planets/stations/dsn.itrf93/dsn.itrf93_geodetic_19sep2016.txt
   but apparently dropped in the above 2020 version.  Similar
   degree/minute/second formatting as with (273) EISCAT above.

        longitude    latitude       height
      DDDmmss.sssss   DDmmss.sssss       (m)
d23 ! 2430737.69313  +352022.38127   945.35142 DSS 23 Goldstone 11-meter
d33 ! 1485859.13040  -352401.74505   684.09999 DSS 33 Canberra 11-meter
d53 ! 3554501.25220  +402538.48625   826.79158 DSS 53 Madrid 11-meter
d66 ! 3554454.89654  +402547.90955   849.87404 DSS 66 Madrid 26-meter

   The coordinates supplied for these stations by the MPC are
   given to 10^-6 Earth radius (in latitude/altitude),  which
   is about six meters.  At least one radar observation is
   given with a sigma of 0.05 microseconds.  That's a round-trip
   time;  in 25 nanoseconds,  light travels about 7.5 meters.  So
   we ought to replace the MPC parallax data with the following
   lat/lon/alts.  The precision in lat/lon is about 0.3 mm,
   with room for two more digits (3-micron precision).  Go and
   try making _that_ insufficient precision,  radar guys!

252 ! 2431219.94762  +351449.79132  1070.44450 Goldstone DSS 13, Fort Irwin
253 ! 2430637.66245  +352533.24313  1001.39054 Goldstone DSS 14, Fort Irwin
257 ! 2430728.69246  +352015.40307   959.63401 Goldstone DSS 25, Fort Irwin

   These coordinates came from JPL's radar API.  The MPC file has slightly
   bad positions.  Their position for Haystack is 47 meters to the west and
   39 meters higher than that given by JPL.  Evpatoria has a 9-m horizontal
   difference and six vertically;  Green Bank is two meters off horizontally
   and three vertically.  (I would expect JPL's coordinates to be accurate.)
   DSS-74 currently lacks an official observatory code.

254 !-071.488161     +42.623297      116.69    Haystack (37-m)
255 ! 033.186954     +45.189153       69.      Yevpatoriya
256 !-079.8398386    +38.4331291     823.64    Green Bank
d74 ! 133.8098322    -31.8676903     164.66    Ceduna 30-m, UTAS
d86 ! 138.3627624    +36.1324029    1532.72    Usuda 64-m, JAXA

   Coordinates for Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachon telescopes,  from
   https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1616 , Table 6.  Note that some positions
   given here don't match those given by MPC's ObsCodes.html.  In
   particular,  the location for (I33) given by MPC is about half a
   kilometer west of reality (compared to the above reference,  and the
   map and lat/lon given at https://noirlab.edu/science/images/soar-map,
   and inspection on G__gle Maps).  I am reasonably sure that (I02) 2MASS,
   and five LCO telescopes are among those listed below,  but matching
   up the telescopes listed below to their MPC codes is difficult;
   the area is a packed array of domes,  and the MPC coordinates are
   not up to the job of puzzling out which scope is which.  Also,
   the altitude listed for LSST is ~15m below the planned altitude
   of the pier floor,  which is in turn somewhere below the point where
   the optical axis crosses the altitude axis (the point we really
   want when we say "where the telescope is").  So my bet is that
   most of these altitudes are at least a few meters lower than they
   really should be.

W84 ! -704823.49     -301010.78     2241.4     Blanco 4-m
S1.5! -704824.44     -301009.42     2241.9     SMARTS 1.5-m
S1.0! -704821.83     -301007.92     2240.5     SMARTS 1.0-m
S0.9! -704823.86     -301007.90     2241.4     SMARTS 0.9-m
C0.6! -704822.63     -301008.60     2240.9     Curtis Schmidt 0.6-m
UCAC! -704822.82     -301006.95     2241.2     Former UCAC
CHAS! -704821.65     -301006.97     2240.5     Former CHASE
RASI! -704825.11     -301008.03     2238       RASICAM
WHAM! -704812.85     -301005.92     2188       WHAM
W93 ! -704814.39     -301001.84     2182       Korea Microlensing Telescope Network-CTIO
W85 ! -704817.24     -301002.58     2198       Cerro Tololo-LCO A
W86 ! -704816.78     -301002.39     2198       Cerro Tololo-LCO B
W87 ! -704816.85     -301002.81     2198       Cerro Tololo-LCO C
S1.3! -704817.92     -301002.81     2200       SMARTS 1.3-m
PRO1! -704818.91     -301003.52     2207       PROMPT #1
PRO2! -704819.56     -301003.49     2207       PROMPT #2
PRO3! -704818.85     -301003.17     2207       PROMPT #3
PRO4! -704819.32     -301003.56     2207       PROMPT #4
PRO5! -704819.16     -301003.16     2207       PROMPT #5
PRO6! -704818.96     -301003.82     2207       PROMPT #6
PRO7! -704819.36     -301004.33     2208       PROMPT #7
GONG! -704819.84     -301003.92     2209       GONG
SSIA! -704819.56     -301005.28     2212       SSI Airglow
T80S! -704820.48     -301004.31     2212       T80-South (site)
SARA! -704757.13     -301019.72     2151       SARA South 0.6-m
I11 ! -704412.06     -301426.67     2748       Gemini South 8.2-m
I33 ! -704401.11     -301416.41     2738       SOAR 4.1-m

   Note that LSST = Rubin now has obscode (X05),  same lat/lon
   (almost),  but MPC puts the observatory 37m higher.  As explained
   above,  MPC is probably correct here.
LSST! -704457.90     -301440.68     2647       LSST 8.4-m (site)
LSA ! -704451.80     -301441.27     2647       LSST Aux. 1.4-m (site)
ALO ! -704417.50     -301506.37     2552       Andes LIDAR Obs. (ALO)

Wrr ! 149.1930       -31.2763        552.      Warrumbungle Observatory
Dub ! 148.58525      -31.29358       300.      Dubbo Observatory


   https://www.eso.org/public/usa/teles-instr/lasilla/ provides a map of
   telescopes at La Silla,  enabling me to identify the following scopes
   and measure lat/lon/alts on G__gle Earth.  MPC lumps these at (809)
   and (262),  which appear to be for NTT,  and (I40) TRAPPIST.  I've
   added a 34 metre geoid height to the Google values.
   Mike Kretlow points out that (262) probably corresponds to the 1-m
   ESO Schmidt.  I'm not moving (262) quite yet,  but that does look
   as if it would be the right thing to do.
   (gpo) observed from 1968 June 6 until it was decommissioned in 1996
   and replaced by the 1-m MarLy telescope (now also decommissioned in
   2009),  so (gpo) and (Ma1) have identical coordinates.  The GPO is
   now at the Observatoire Haut-Provence in France (see (GPO) below).

I40 ! -70.739391     -29.254609     2349       La Silla--TRAPPIST
Da5 ! -70.739587     -29.254999     2354       Danish 50-cm, La Silla
ES5 ! -70.739373     -29.255072     2356       ESO 0.5-m, La Silla
Boc ! -70.739644     -29.255257     2355       Bochum 0.61-m, La Silla
Du9 ! -70.739387     -29.255496     2360       Dutch 0.9-m, La Silla
ELS ! -70.738925     -29.255892     2369       ESO 1.52-m, La Silla
ES1 ! -70.738377     -29.256736     2371       ESO 1-m (decommissioned), La Silla
Mas ! -70.737820     -29.257163     2370       Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA), La Silla
gpo ! -70.737972     -29.257378     2369       Grand Prisme Objectif
Ma1 ! -70.737972     -29.257378     2369       MarLy 1-m, La Silla
Ms3 ! -70.737890     -29.257550     2368       Marseille 0.36-m, La Silla
Dan ! -70.737517     -29.257800     2366       Danish 1.54-m, La Silla
MPG ! -70.736642     -29.257896     2364       MPG/ESO Max Planck 2.2-m, La Silla
ESo ! -70.735790     -29.258138     2364       ESO 1-m Schmidt, La Silla
DIM ! -70.735334     -29.258092     2365       DIMM (Differential Motion Monitor), La Silla
NTT ! -70.733837     -29.258970     2384       New Technology Telescope, La Silla
LEu ! -70.732962     -29.259573     2382       Leonhard Euler 1.2-m, La Silla
TaS ! -70.732578     -29.260101     2397       TAROT, La Silla
ESO ! -70.731784     -29.261065     2420       ESO 3.6-m, La Silla
CAT ! -70.731830     -29.260797     2422       CAT (Coude Auxiliary Telescope), La Silla
SST ! -70.732371     -29.263556     2397       Swedish-ESO Submillimetre (SEST), La Silla

   https://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/astroclimate/site.html gives
   latitude/longitude for not only each of the four "unit telescopes"
   making up the VLT;  it also gives lat/longs for the many auxiliary
   telescopes.  However,  they're all given as being at 2635.43 meters
   above sea level.  The geoid height is 33.91 meters for UT1 (using
   EGM96),  resulting in an ellipsoidal height of 2669.34 meters.
   I'll go with that until we get better data...
   Incidentally,  there are actually four 1.8-m auxiliary telescopes.
   But they can be moved to any of the thirty locations CPA0 to CPM0
   given below.
   (X11) = VLT Survey Telescope (VST) is omitted.  The MPC location is
   only six meters lower and one meter away from the position given
   at the above URL.  (309) is in the midst of UT1, 2, 3, 4,  but its
   altitude is about 32 meters too low.  I think ObsCodes.html is
   using a geoid height where it should use an ellipsoidal one.

UT1 ! -702418.27     -243739.44     2669.34    VLT UT1 (Antu)
UT2 ! -702417.39     -243737.80     2669.34    VLT UT2 (Kueyen)
UT3 ! -702416.32     -243736.64     2669.34    VLT UT3 (Melipal)
UT4 ! -702414.25     -243737.36     2669.34    VLT UT4 (Yepun)
VIST! -702351.36     -243656.52     2669.34    VLT VISTA
CPA0! -702418.44     -243740.59     2669.34    VLT A0
CPA1! -702418.26     -243741.08     2669.34    VLT A1
CPB0! -702418.17     -243740.50     2669.34    VLT B0
CPB1! -702417.99     -243740.99     2669.34    VLT B1
CPB2! -702417.89     -243741.24     2669.34    VLT B2
CPB3! -702417.80     -243741.48     2669.34    VLT B3
CPB4! -702417.71     -243741.73     2669.34    VLT B4
CPB5! -702417.62     -243741.97     2669.34    VLT B5
CPC0! -702417.90     -243740.42     2669.34    VLT C0
CPC1! -702417.72     -243740.91     2669.34    VLT C1
CPC2! -702417.63     -243741.15     2669.34    VLT C2
CPC3! -702417.53     -243741.40     2669.34    VLT C3
CPD0! -702417.36     -243740.25     2669.34    VLT D0
CPD1! -702416.99     -243741.23     2669.34    VLT D1
CPD2! -702416.81     -243741.72     2669.34    VLT D2
CPE0! -702416.83     -243740.08     2669.34    VLT E0
CPG0! -702416.29     -243739.91     2669.34    VLT G0
CPG1! -702415.55     -243741.87     2669.34    VLT G1
CPG2! -702416.57     -243739.18     2669.34    VLT G2
CPH0! -702415.21     -243739.58     2669.34    VLT H0
CPI1! -702414.48     -243740.72     2669.34    VLT I1
CPJ1! -702414.13     -243740.06     2669.34    VLT J1
CPJ2! -702413.85     -243740.79     2669.34    VLT J2
CPJ3! -702415.05     -243737.61     2669.34    VLT J3
CPJ4! -702415.24     -243737.12     2669.34    VLT J4
CPJ5! -702415.52     -243736.39     2669.34    VLT J5
CPJ6! -702415.79     -243735.65     2669.34    VLT J6
CPK0! -702414.14     -243739.24     2669.34    VLT K0
CPL0! -702413.87     -243739.16     2669.34    VLT L0
CPM0! -702413.60     -243739.07     2669.34    VLT M0

   Private communication from Peter Birtwhistle. (J95) is at
   a _geoid_ height (from Google Earth) of 105 metres;  this was
   misinterpreted as an _ellipsoid_ altitude in the MPC's file.
   The following will override that mistake,  adding in the
   47.6-m geoid height for Peter's location.  (MPC has fixed this.
   But the following coordinates are more precise,  and Peter
   observes a lot of artsats,  where the added precision matters.)
J95 ! 358.552997     51.474969       152.6     Great Shefford

   "MPC code" used in Find_Orb's ephemeris code when generating a
   list of precoveries.

CSS !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000        CSS precoveries

   Fixed position for (H01), private communication from Bill Ryan.
   Height above geoid 3250 m, geoid height -23 meters.

H01 !-1071121.6      +335905.4      3227       Magdalena Ridge Observatory, Socorro

   Spacewatch telescope positions are off.  (691) was wrong by
   almost half a kilometer,  but fixed January 2019.  (291) is still
   wrong,  though only by about 20 meters.  Altitude is from

   https://spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu/telescopes

   with 30 meters subtracted for geoid height.  (695) corresponds to
   the 0.7-m Solar Vacuum Telescope and should probably be moved,  but
   I don't know where.

291 !-111.599905     +31.961669     2045.      LPL/Spacewatch II

   Other scopes measured while looking at Kitt Peak in Google Earth.
   https://www-kpno.kpno.noirlab.edu/usrhnbk/mtn.gif used to ID most
   scopes.  30m subtracted to get ellipsoidal altitudes.  I omitted the 2.3-m
   Bok telescope,  because it has code (V00) and is fairly well placed.

May !-111.599895     +31.964027     2051.      Mayall telescope,  Kitt Peak
1.3 !-111.598406     +31.959634     2042.      1.3-m RCT telescope, Kitt Peak
2.1 !-111.598296     +31.958175     2055.      2.1-m telescope, Kitt Peak
WIY !-111.600586     +31.958052     2057.      WIYN telescope, Kitt Peak
Bur !-111.599203     +31.960597     2060.      Burrell Schmidt, Kitt Peak
Unk1!-111.598157     +31.960070     2042.      Near visitor center, Kitt Peak
WIY2!-111.599620     +31.958041     2060.      WIYN 0.9-m, Kitt Peak
Unk2!-111.600237     +31.958013     2058.      Sm dome between WIYN domes,  Kitt Peak
Unk3!-111.602183     +31.958133     2058.      Roll-off roof W of WIYN,  Kitt Peak

   From http://kp12m.as.arizona.edu/12m_docs/12_meter_description.htm .
   Again,  I subtracted 30 meters for geoid height.  The odd mismatch in
   precision for latitude and longitude makes me suspect mistakes.

12m !-1113653.475    +315712.0      1884.      ARO 12 Meter Telescope

   The MDM Observatory at Kitt Peak has the 1.3-m McGraw-Hill Telescope and
   the 2.4-m Hiltner Telescope,  separated by roughly 60 meters.
   I've measured both scopes on Google Maps;  Eric Galayda provided
   altitudes and IDs as to which scope was which (not really apparent
   from just looking at Google Maps). As with other Kitt Peak scopes, 30
   meters is subtracted from the geoid heights to get ellipsoidal heights.

Hil !-111.615864     +31.951503     1908.5     Kitt Peak, Hiltner
697 !-111.616685     +31.951754     1895.      Kitt Peak, McGraw-Hill

   Positions for the Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope from Keel et. al :
   http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/129/971/015002/pdf
   (SARA-Cerro Tololo is given above from its original source;  SARA-Kitt Peak
   corrected via private communication from Bill Keel.) The 2369 meter altitude
   given for JKT is above sea level; 40 meters is added to get an ellipsoidal
   alt,  as it is for INT,  WHT,  and other Observatorio del Roque de Los
   Muchachos (ORM) telescopes.
G82 !-111.599597     +31.960596     2043       SARA Observatory, Kitt Peak
JKT ! -175241.1      +284540.2      2409       Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope

   Source : http://www.ing.iac.es/Astronomy/telescopes/int/intcoord.html
INT ! -17.877639     +28.762056     2376       Isaac Newton Telescope

   Source : http://www.ing.iac.es/Astronomy/telescopes/wht/whtcoord.html
WHT ! -17.881639     +28.760639     2372       William Herschel Telescope

   Source : http://www.tng.iac.es/instruments/telescope_description.html
Z19 ! -175320.6      +284514.4      2427.2     Telescopio Nazionale Galileo

   Source : http://www.not.iac.es/telescope/tti/technical-details.html
NOT ! -175306.3      +284526.2      2422       Nordic Optical Telescope

   Source : http://telescope.livjm.ac.uk/TelInst/Spec/
J13 ! -17.8792       +28.7624       2403       Liverpool Telescope, Canary Islands

   Sources : http://www.mercator.iac.es/instruments/telescope/,
   http://www.gtc.iac.es/gtc/gtc.php,  http://www.magic.iac.es/site/index.html
   for altitudes.  For these scopes,   lat/lon is given to one arcsecond
   = 30m precision,  so I'm sticking to G__gle Maps for that part.
Z18 ! -175330.8      +284523.8      2340       Gran Telescopio Canarias
Z20 ! -17.878484     +28.762366     2373       Mercator Telescope, Canary Islands
MA1 ! -17.890588     +28.761325     2271.38    MAGIC (southwest)
MA2 ! -17.890085     +28.761963     2271.38    MAGIC (northeast)

   Various telescopes near JKT can be identified from
   http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/visits/mapaorm.png (WARNING: South is _up_),
   then measured via G__gle Maps.  I don't have altitudes for these scopes,
   so they have the JKT altitude.

SWw ! -17.880691     +28.759647     2409       Canary Islands Swedish Telescope (west)
SWe ! -17.881313     +28.759634     2409       Canary Islands Swedish Telescope (east)
J50 ! -17.882403     +27.759999     2409       La Palma-NEON

   Positions for some Haleakala scopes.  Sorting out which was which was done
   thanks to input from people who have worked there over the decades.  Positions
   measured from Google Earth.  Altitude for (T05) is from the MPC file and is
   good to 1e-6 Earth radius = 6.3 meters.  Altitudes for (F65) and (608) are
   from the same source,  but given to one less digit = 63 meter precision.
   DKIST alt is from https://dkist.nso.edu/faq,  with a 17 meter geoid height
   added.  Which puts it pretty high up above everything else.  Everybody else
   has a 'guessed' altitude of 3050 meters above the ellipsoid.
DKI !-156.256154     +20.706789     3101       Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)
F65 !-156.257496     +20.707009     3055.001   Faulkes Telescope North
AMO !-156.256713     +20.708171     3050       AMOS 3.67m satellite surv, Haleakala
Mee !-156.256575     +20.706542     3050       Mees Solar Telescope,  Haleakala
2IR !-156.257308     +20.708390     3050       2.5m IR sat surveillance, Haleakala
T05 !-156.257008     +20.707582     3040.957   ATLAS-HKO, Haleakala
Geo1!-156.257395     +20.708569     3050       GEODSS #1, Haleakala
Geo2!-156.257749     +20.708083     3050       GEODSS #2, Haleakala
Geo3!-156.257440     +20.708078     3050       GEODSS #3, Haleakala
608 !-156.257768     +20.708536     3040.446   Haleakala-AMOS
h241!-156.257855     +20.708404     3050       Haleakala 24" #1
h242!-156.257794     +20.708286     3050       Haleakala 24" #2
hOld!-156.257659     +20.708291     3050       Dome formerly at Haleakala
Zod !-156.256624     +20.707240     3050       Zodiacal light, Haleakala
HAA !-156.257185     +20.707308     3050       Haleakala Amateur Astronomers

   Private communication,  Carlos Jesus Perez Del Pulgar Mancebo,  from
   Google Maps. Note that (Z82) is a correction of the MPC position;  Carlos
   gave an altitude of 60 meters above the geoid,  with 49 meters added for
   geoid height; 370 meters above the geoid for (BO3),  7 meters added.

BO3 ! 169.68363      -45.03816       377       BOOTES-3,  Lauder
Z82 !  -4.040972     +36.759222      109       BOOTES-2 Observatory, Algarrobo

   Three BOOTES telescopes,  from a private communication from Ignacio Perez
   Garcia, 2019 Jul 23.  BO1 is at 53m ASL + 50m geoid height.  B04 is at
   3230m minus 49 meters (the geoid is _below_ the ellipsoid there).  BO5 is
   at 2812m ASL minus 32 meters for geoid height.
BO1 !  -6.734106     +37.104098      103       BOOTES-1B
BO4 ! 100.030067     +26.695222     3181       BOOTES-4, Lijang, China
BO5 !-115.463611     +31.044167     2780       BOOTES-5, Mexico

   Private communication,  2018 Jul 30,  Giorgio Baj: "K38, 008 55 05.654 E,
   45 52 25.533 N, 0484 m, GPS altitude referred MSL."  Added 47 meters
   for geoid height.

K38 !   8.9182372    +45.8737592     531       M57 Observatory, Saltrio

   National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand telescopes.

TRT !  98.485555     +18.586944     2559       TRT (Thai Robotic Observatory)
Nar !  98.4856944    +18.589972     2559       NARIT, Chiangmai

   Artsat observers,  from
   https://github.com/cbassa/sattools/blob/1da489eb347683f1eb70bbd6575e8fcd289ca567/data/sites.txt

1111!-104.5614       +38.9478       2073       Ron Lee
4171!   6.3785       +52.8344         10       Cees Bassa
4172!   5.2580       +52.3713         -3       Leo Barhorst
4553!  -2.2330       +53.3210         86       Cees Bassa
0001! -97.7610       +30.3340        160       Mike McCants
0002! -97.8661       +30.3138        280       Mike McCants
0030!  18.9727       +47.4857        400       Ivan Artner
0031!  18.7366       +47.5612        149       Ivan Artner
0070!  -0.6003       +53.2233         30       Bob Christy
0100!  17.9138       +59.4627          0       Sven Grahn
0110! -96.8906       +32.5408        200       Lyn Kennedy
0433!  18.5129       -33.9406         10       Greg Roberts
0434!  27.9288       -26.1030       1646       Ian Roberts
0435!  18.5101       -33.9369         25       Greg Roberts
0710!  10.6756       +52.3261         85       Lutz Schindler
0899! -56.1227       -34.8961         30       Fernando Mederos
1056!  23.9833       +57.0122          4       Martins Keruss
1086!  30.7556       +46.4778         56       Nikolay Koshkin
1234! 024.7882       +60.1746         24       Tomi Simola
1244!  33.9701       +44.3932         69       Andriy Makeyev
1747! -72.3526       +45.7275        191       Daniel Deak
1775! -75.6910       +44.6062        200       Kevin Fetter
2018!  -1.1188       +51.0945        124       Peter Wakelin
2115!  -0.7950       +51.3286         75       Mike Waterman
2414!  -1.8800       +50.7468         34       David Hopkins
2420!  -3.1386       +55.9486         40       Russell Eberst
2563!   2.4043       +51.0524         10       Pierre Nierinck
2675!  -2.3264       +52.1358         70       David Brierley
2701! -79.3924       +43.6876        230       Ted Molczan
2751!  -1.9849       +51.3440        125       Bruce MacDonald
2756!  -3.1623       +56.0907         25       Andy Kirkham
3333! 010.2205       +53.4506          0       Roland Proesch
4353!   4.4908       +52.1541          0       Marco Langbroek
4354!   4.5602       +52.1168         -2       Marco Langbroek
4355!   4.4994       +52.1388         -2       Marco Langbroek
4541!  12.4531       +41.9639         80       Alberto Rango
4542!  12.4545       +41.9683         80       Alberto Rango
4641!  16.9010       +41.1060         70       Alberto Rango
5555!  94.5533       +56.1019        154       Sergey Guryanov
5918!  18.1045       +59.2985         40       Bjorn Gimle
5919!  18.6206       +59.2615         30       Bjorn Gimle
6226! -97.8194       +28.4861        110       Scott Campbell
7777!  -2.3267       +38.1656       1608       Brad Young remote
7778! 149.0644       -31.2733       1122       Brad Young SSO
7779!-105.5283       +32.9204       2225       Brad Young NM
0797! 022.1448       +36.9708          6       Pierros Papadeas
8048!-123.6420       +49.4175          1.      Scott Tilley
8049!-123.6685       +49.4348         40.      Scott Tilley
8305! -98.2163       +26.2431         30       Paul Gabriel
8335! -95.9838       +36.1397        205       Brad Young
8336! -95.9838       +36.1397        205       Brad Young
8438!-119.7750       +38.8108       1545       Sierra Stars
8536! -76.5010       +36.8479          4       Tim Luton
8539! -79.3388       +39.4707        839       Steve Newcomb
8597! 138.6333       -34.9638        100       Tony Beresford
8600! 151.6477       -32.9770         18       Paul Camilleri
8831!-121.9040       +47.7717        220       Chris Lewicki
0699! 132.2369       -14.4733        108       Paul Camilleri
8730! -97.7279       +30.3086        150       Ed Cannon
8739!-121.7028       +37.1133        282       Derek Breit
9461!  19.89365      +47.9175        938       Konkoly Obs
9633! -96.9982       +33.0206        153       Jim Nix
9730! -97.8660       +30.3150        280       Mike McCants
6242!  -2.8284       +42.9453        623       Jon Mikel
6241!  -2.8203       +42.9565        619       Jon Mikel
4160!   5.4768       +51.2793         35       Bram Dorreman
9900! 004.900        +52.3666          0       Amsterdam
9901!-070.8065       -30.1696       2000       CTIO
9910!-002.4083       +37.5011       1200       Telescope Live Spain
9911! 148.9763       -34.8641        350       Telescope Live Australia
9997!-121.9040       +47.7717        220       Chris Lewicki
9998!   6.3961       +52.8119         10       Dwingeloo telescoop
9999!   5.5151       +47.348         100       Graves

   Luca Buzzi supplied coordinates for three telescopes at (204).  All
   are about 1230m above sea level (geoid height is 48 meters).  (Sc2)
   used to report (204) data,  but has been discontinued.  Luca tells me
   (Sc3),  a smaller dome between the two,  houses a C14 that will be
   remotely controlled in early 2021 (hasn't actually submitted any data).
   MPC corrected their position for (204) in early 2024.

Sc2 !   8.77061      +45.86845      1278       Schiaparelli Observatory, 0.60-m scope
Sc3 !   8.77027      +45.86853      1278       Schiaparelli Observatory, C14

Kwa ! 167.733333     +08.716666        5       Kwajalein Island
G34 !  13.701403     +50.860289      490.67    Oberfrauendorf
920 ! -77.664299     +43.075229      141       RIT Observatory,  Rochester

   David Briggs supplied corrected coordinates for (J69).  The scope
   is 155 metres above sea level;  the geoid height is about 46 metres.
   (J69) is one of five domes visible on G__gle Earth as part of the
   Hampshire Astronomical Group site.  The altitudes appear to be identical.
   Further identification is given at https://hantsastro.org.uk/tour/index.php
   (comments come from that page).

J69 !  -1.0196556    +50.9390167     201       North Observatory, Clanfield
Cdi !  -1.019663     +50.939114      201       12" Dome, Clanfield
   "This dome is privately owned... 12-inch f5.5 Newtonian... for imaging"
J84 !  -1.019629     +50.938673      201       South Observatory, Clanfield
C7i !  -1.019306     +50.938298      201       7" Dome,  Clanfield
   "...the favourite amongst members for astronomical imaging"
C5i !  -1.019140     +50.938284      201       5" Dome,  Clanfield
   "The oldest of our telescopes are housed in this dome"

   Some telescopes at (711) McDonald Observatory in Texas,  sorted using the
   site map at http://www.as.utexas.edu/mcdonald/observers/mcd_site_map.pdf
   and measured using G__gle Maps.  HJS is identified on the site map as the
   107" scope;  the OST is 82";  Mc9 is 36";  Mc8 is 30".  HET is on Mt.
   Fowlkes,  alt 6659 feet;  the others are on Mt. Locke,  alt 6792 feet,
   probably above sea level.  I subtracted 22 meters to get an ellipsoid alt.

HJS !-104.021973     +30.671745     2007.7     Harlan J Smith, McDonald Observatory
OST !-104.022786     +30.671524     2007.7     Otto Struve Telescope,  McDonald Observatory
Mc9 !-104.021944     +30.671420     2007.7     McDonald Observatory 0.9m
Mc8 !-104.022738     +30.670799     2007.7     McDonald Observatory 0.8m
HET !-104.014679     +30.681398     2048.2     Hobby-Eberly Telescope
Mc? !-104.023712     +30.669781     2007.7     McDonald Observatory unknown

   Mt. Hopkins telescopes,  identified with
   http://linmax.sao.arizona.edu/FLWO/MtHop090529.jpg and measured with
   G__gle Maps. (G91) and (V07) really are two different codes for the
   exact same 1.3-m scope.  Alts are from ObsCodes.html,  with (G91/V07)'s alt
   recycled for FL5 and FL2 (they're all close to one another).  (696) is the
   6.5-m MMT.

696 !-110.885179   +31.688899       2627.639   Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins
G91 !-110.878687   +31.680742       2287.949   Whipple Observatory, Mount Hopkins-2MASS
V07 !-110.878687   +31.680742       2287.949   Whipple Observatory, Mount Hopkins-PAIRITEL
FL5 !-110.878340   +31.681015       2287.949   Whipple Observatory,  1.5-m
FL2 !-110.878488   +31.680868       2287.949   Whipple Observatory,  1.2-m

   G__gle Maps shows five domes on Calar Alto.  MPC gives five codes.  (493),
   "Calar Alto",  has low precision;  I have no idea which scope is intended.
   (Observations on the 2019 Oct 10 MPCs say data came from a 1.23-m scope,
   a 1.23-m f/8 scope,  a 1.2-m f/8 scope,  and a 3.5-m f/3.9 scope.)
   (Z84) and (Z79) were identifiable.  I _think_ (G36) = Un1.  Alts are from
   G__gle Earth,  with 51m added for geoid height.  According to Wikipaedia,
   (Z79) = 3.5m scope;  (Z84) = 0.8-m Schmidt; (Un1) = 1.23m;  (Un2) = 1.5m;
   (Un3) = 2.2m. Z84 is removed from this rovers list as the elevation has
   been corrected.

Un1 !  -2.547483   +37.223165       2211.      Unknown about 100m SSE of Z84;  (G36)?
Un2 !  -2.548248   +37.224987       2201.      Unknown about 100m north of Z84
Un3 !  -2.546037   +37.223133       2112.      Unknown about 200m ESE of Z84
Z79 !  -2.546678   +37.220850       2210.      Calar Alto TNO Survey

   Two ASAS-SN scopes,  both sharing LCO domes.  These are essentially
   duplicates of (V37) and (T03),  measured from G__gle Maps with altitudes
   copied from the MPC data.

HSL !-104.015183   +30.679849       2010       ASAS-SN, Henrietta Swan Leavitt/McDonald Obs
AHa !-156.257494   +20.707009       3050       ASAS-SN, Haleakala 'Brutus'

Leo !-111.016862   +32.374086        723.9     Leo Observatory

   2019 Nov 7 : these two ISON observatories tracked the NEO A00001.
Ark !+0412553.67   +433859.94       2046       Arkhyz
Bla !+1274320.40   +500735.68        146       Blagoveschensk
093 !+0202154.0    +692054.          200       Skibotn

   From various links at

   http://haro.astrossp.unam.mx/oanspm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=2

67a !-1152800.     +310243.         2790.      1.5-m, National Astronomical Observatory of Mexico
67b !-1152749.     +310239.         2800.      2.12-m, National Astronomical Observatory of Mexico
67c !-1152758.     +310242.         2790.      0.84-m, National Astronomical Observatory of Mexico

   Some observations of C/1844 Y1 were made from this site in southern
   India.  G__gle Maps shows a dome there.

Tre !  76.9583     +08.5085           57.      Trivandrum

   Steve Hutcheon supplied these locations for two stations that made other
   19th century observations of comets.

Buc !  -0.090        +51.488          10       Westmorland House, Walworth Common
Fre !  -0.1313       +50.8429         10       Brighton

   Various unidentified scopes on Mt. Lemmon.  Altitude is that
   for (G96).  Lat/lon is from Bing Maps (the area is redacted
   on Google Maps,  but apparently,  nobody got round to asking
   Bing to delete their imagery.)

ML1 !-110.788677   +32.442480       2789.      Mt. Lemmon unk1
ML2 !-110.788728   +32.442267       2789.      Mt. Lemmon unk2
ML3 !-110.789093   +32.442301       2789.      Mt. Lemmon unk3
ML4 !-110.788862   +32.442066       2789.      Mt. Lemmon unk4
ML5 !-110.788902   +32.441672       2789.      Mt. Lemmon unk5
ML6 !-110.789385   +32.442164       2789.      Mt. Lemmon unk6
ML7 !-110.789742   +32.441551       2789.      Mt. Lemmon unk7
ML8 !-110.791527   +32.441551       2789.      Mt. Lemmon unk8

   Various unidentified scopes on Mauna Loa.  Altitude is that
   for (T08).  Lat/lon/alt is from G__gle Earth,  27 meters
   added for geoid height.

mL1 !-155.576113   +19.536009       3425.      Mauna Loa unk1
mL2 !-155.576414   +19.536252       3423.      Mauna Loa unk2
mL3 !-155.576593   +19.535446       3434.      Mauna Loa unk3
mL4 !-155.576588   +19.535550       3434.      Mauna Loa unk4
mL5 !-155.576000   +19.536421       3420.      Mauna Loa unk5

   Three planned or in-process telescopes of 39.3,  24.5,  and 30-m aperture.

ELT !-070.191631   -24.589327       3046.      Extremely Large Telescope
GMT !-0704109.0    -290142.0        2516.      Giant Magellan Telescope
TMT !-155.4816     +19.8327         4050.      Thirty-Meter Telescope

   Low-precision coordinates given in the May 2025 NEOCC monthly newsletter.
   Just for interim use;  I assume we'll see accurate coordinates sometime
   before the scope is operational... as noted in that newsletter,  Flyeye
   is currently installed in Matera.  That site has obscode (S16).
Fly !+014.023      +37.868           1850.     Flyeye,  Mt. Mufara

   Improved coords for both Magellan scopes.  The locations given at
   https://astro.arizona.edu/magellan-telescopes are indentical,  and
   and split the difference between the positions given below,  which
   were measured on G__gle Earth.  The MPC altitudes match those from
   Google Earth,  and are probably ground heights uncorrected for
   geoid height.  The MPC locations are about 70m west of the G__gle
   ones (used below).  Altitude is that from Google,  with 33m added
   for geoid height.  The arizona.edu altitude (given in "feet") is
   ~125m above ground,  which seems unreasonably high.
268 !-070.692620   -29.014044       2422.      Magellan-Clay Telescope
269 !-070.692187   -29.014442       2422.      Magellan-Baade Telescope

   Las Campanas telescopes,  from G__gle Earth.  Identifications are from
   that source,  and from https://www.lco.cl/tenant-telescopes-2/ and hatpi.org.
   (I05) gives coordinates for the TIE (Telescopes In Education) scope,  about
   500m north of the nearest observatory dome and probably wrong.  As with the
   Mt Wilson TIE,  good coordinates are lacking.  The twin Magellan telescopes
   have codes (268) for the Clay Telescope and (269) for the Baade Telescope.
   Code (304) is between them;  see MPEC 2024-Y07.  For completeness,  a
   (GMT) Giant Magellan Telescope code is given above.
   33m added for geoid height.
DuP !-70.703986    -29.007334       2310       DuPont Telescope, Las Campanas
LVa !-70.702690    -29.008345       2301       Vacant dome, Las Campanas
War !-70.701634    -29.009926       2301       Warsaw Telescope, Las Campanas (OGLE)
ASA !-70.701209    -29.010365       2303       All-Sky Automated Survey (ASAS), Las Campanas
HAp !-70.701080    -29.010486       2303       HATPI, Las Campanas
HAW !-70.700881    -29.010788       2304       HAT South (west dome), Las Campanas
HAS !-70.700832    -29.010790       2304       HAT South (east dome), Las Campanas
LVM !-70.700709    -29.010851       2304       Local Volume Mapper Instrument, Las Campanas
CAS !-70.700538    -29.010986       2305       CASCA,  Las Campanas
HSw !-70.700236    -29.011994       2308       Henrietta Swope Telescope?,  Las Campanas
BiS !-70.689787    -29.021614       2370       BiSON,  Las Campanas

   Carolin Liefke sorted out the history of (024) Heidelberg-Konigstuhl
   (see https://groups.io/g/mpml/message/35417).  The site listed below as
   (024) was used by observers at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
   until about 2013.  The MPIA was founded in 1967.  Observations from 1898
   to 1967 were made at the Landessternwarte Konigstuhl (LSW) site,  given
   below as (HeK),  with a 6" double astrograph before 1900 and the 16"
   Bruce double astrograph after that.  Later observations were probably
   all made at the (024) MPIA site with a 70-cm Cassegrain.  Locations from
   G__gle Earth,  48 metres added for geoid height.
024 !+008.723675   +49.395428        616.      Heidelberg-Konigstuhl (2003?-2013)
HeK !+008.724941   +49.398185        621.      Heidelberg-Konigstuhl (1898-?1968)

   Some neighboring domes near the above.  Carolin directed me to
   https://www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de/foerderkreis/gelaende/image.php
   for identifications,  and provided some comments for most of them :

   "The 72-cm Waltz reflector was used for spectrographic measurements and,
   if I remember correctly,  also had a photomultiplier attached in previous
   times.  It's currently used with a high-res spectrograph for exoplanet
   radial velocity measurements."
He1 !+008.724705   +49.397846        618.      Waltz reflector, LSW-Heidelberg

   "The 75-cm Zeiss telescope from 1977 is now called ATOM and supports the
   H.E.S.S. cherenkov telescopes in Namibia since 2005."

He2 !+008.725357   +49.398129        616.      Zeiss telescope, LSW-Heidelberg

   "Access to dome... hosting a 50-year old Schmidt telescope is prohibited
   because of risk of collapse"
He3 !+008.725390   +49.397949        617.      25-cm f/3.6 Schmidt, LSW-Heidelberg

   "The 70-cm [Cassegrain]...built in 1989. It can be remotely operated
   and is mainly used for student projects."
He4 !+008.725620   +49.397864        619.      70-cm f/8 Cassegrain, LSW-Heidelberg

   "The historic Kann refractor was used for visual observations
   only and is now - like the guiding telescope of the Bruce double
   astrograph [HeK] - used for observations with the public and guided tours"
He5 !+008.725960   +49.397864        618.      8" refractor, LSW-Heidelberg

   "I have been in [this] dome once, the dust cover on that 50cm telescope
   is so thick, it has not been used in decades"
He6 !+008.726110   +49.398032        616.      50-cm f/14 Cassegrain, LSW-Heidelberg

   "The rooftop observatory He7 from your list does no longer exist. It was
   a Meade Skyshed Pod erected in 2010 which hosted a 8" SC that was meant
   to track space junk ... and has been dismantled two years ago"
He7 !+008.724327   +49.398147        619.      8" SCT, LSW-Heidelberg

   Carolin has hopes that the 20" Planewave CDK scope in (He8) can be
   set up for remote observing and put to work :
He8 !+008.723153   +49.395424        616.      Sm dome ~40m W of (024) at MPIA

   Carolin Liefke also points out that Max Wolf's early discoveries were
   made from his parents' home in Maerzgasse,  at the following location
   about 2.2 km NW from the above He* cluster.  This is presumably the
   site used by Wolf until the above (HeK) site site opened on 1898 June 20.
   (There is a two-year gap in the reported astrometry.)

He9 !+008.699555   +49.409750        173.      Heidelberg (before 1896)

   Michael Gill advises me (private e-mail) that "Wilfred Hall Observatory
   Preston is now the Alston Observatory",  and supplied the following
   lat/lon from G__gle Maps.  52m added for geoid height.
   Jan Manek adds references :
   http://www.star.uclan.ac.uk/observatories/history-of-astronomy-in-preston/
   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1963QJRAS...4..314
   http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-journal_query?volume=4&plate_select=NO&page=314&plate=&cover=&journal=QJRAS
   which leads to :
   http://www.star.uclan.ac.uk/observatories/alston-observatory/
   Tim Haymes has been on the site recently.  He says the (989) dome contains
   the 15" Grubb refractor.  WH1 is a 3-m ScopeDome,  installed in 2019,  with
   an instrument planned for it.  WH2 is now gone.  (Z49) is the Moses Holden
   70cm alt/az robotic scope,  installed in 2016.
989 !-002.593854   +53.801360        115.      Alston Observatory
WH1 !-002.593935   +53.801238        115.      3-m ScopeDome near (989)
WH2 !-002.594020   +53.801184        115.      Removed dome SSW of(989)

   Luca Buzzi points out that (559) has data at
   http://sln.oact.inaf.it/sln_old/index.html (49m added for geoid height).
   Five domes are spread out over ~160 metres.  I picked one at random to
   be (559);  since the MPC coordinates are only good to about six km,
   it'll be an improvement no matter which one it really ought to be.
559 !+014.973117   +37.692483       1775.      Serra La Nave-INAF
SN1 !+014.972747   +37.693152       1773.      W-most dome at Serra La Nave
SN2 !+014.974309   +37.693127       1782.      Dome W of (SN3) at Serra La Nave
SN3 !+014.974418   +37.693106       1782.      Middle of three domes at Serra La Nave
SN4 !+014.974534   +37.693119       1782.      Dome E of (SN3) at Serra La Nave

   MPC has the wrong vowel in the observatory name.  John W. Briggs writes :
   "Astronomer Lewis Morris Rutherfurd was a major benefactor to Columbia and
   a trustee, and the Observatory is named after him.  But even on the
   Department's website now (last I checked, anyway) they manage to continue
   to spell Rutherfurd's last name wrong."
   http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/pupin.html provides further
   info,  putting the observatory at that spot when (795) was reporting
   data to MPC (1936 to 1940).  Coordinates from G__gle Earth,  which
   gives elevation 88 meters ASL (which appears to take the ten-story
   building height into account).  I subtracted 32m for geoid height.
795 !-073.961418   +40.809981         56.      Rutherfurd

   John W. Briggs also writes : "796 Stamford Observatory is a facility
   owned by the Stamford Museum and Nature Center in Connecticut.  (It was
   the first domed observatory I ever entered as a youngster!) The
   instrument is an unusual 22-inch Gregory-Maksutov.  The dome still
   exists (although perhaps not for much longer).  I was visiting there
   within the last year."  John provides the following coordinates (with
   31 meters subtracted for geoid height.)

796 !-073.548888   +41.124166         56.      Stamford

   John W. Briggs also writes : "792 Quonochontaug was built by my late
   friend, Professor William S. Penhallow (1933-2020) of the University of
   Rhode Island, and it was in the backyard of his home... The main
   instrument was a 16-inch f/10.7 astrometric Newtonian."

792 !-071.701111   +41.353333        -23.      University of Rhode Island, Quonochontaug

   John W. Briggs identifies (303a) below as the 1-m Askania Schmidt.  The
   other three telescopes,  according to Wikipaedia,  are "a 65-cm Zeiss
   refractor, a 1-m Zeiss reflector and a 50-cm Askania double astrograph."

303a!-070.869722   +08.787222       3587.      OAN de Llano del Hato, Merida
303b!-070.868995   +08.787228       3581.      Dome 100m east of (303a)
303c!-070.870470   +08.788358       3589.      Dome 100m NNW of (303a)
303d!-070.870321   +08.789390       3575.      Dome 230m N of (303a)

   Jari Suomela provided the following identification,  and notes
   that "099 is Juhani Salmi's second observatory and is well
   documented. It's has even been featured in Sky & Telescope many
   moons ago, and this page http://kyyro.com/salmi.htm."  18m added
   for geoid height.
099 !+025.535292   +61.130225        112.      Lahti

   Jari also found a magazine article from 1985 in which Kari Kapanen
   describes his setup at (100) Ähtäri.  The article gave a lat/lon,
   but with the latitude seconds at 10",  not 01",  putting the observatory
   in water.  Jari contacted Kapanen's daughter-in-law to confirm the
   corrected location.  156m alt from G__gle Earth,  plus 18m geoid height.
   Google doesn't provide a good map;  Jari supplied a link to the much
   clearer National Land Survey map,
   https://kartta.paikkatietoikkuna.fi/?zoomLevel=11&coord=353344.4967_6946189.4187&showIntro=false
   The observatory (dismantled ~2000) reported exactly one observation,
   of C/1986 P1,  on 1986 Sep 27.  It was in the small square building
   SW of 142b on the 'background map'.  This is 5.8 km N of the (low
   precision) MPC location.
100 !+024.141444   +62.617194        174.      Ahtari

   MPC gives a link to astronomie.at for (563) Seewalchen,  the site for
   Sternwarte Gahberg,  which gives the coordinates below for (563a)
   after adding 45 meters for geoid height.  Robert Orso tells me the
   observations submitted to MPC were done by Martin Bressler at his
   site about 5.2 km to the north,  and has supplied the lat/lon used
   below for the "real" (563).

563a!+013.608333   +47.912777        905.      Gahberg,  Seewalchen
563 !+013.604255   +47.959486        640.      Seewalchen

   MPC's list of Web sites for observatories gives (090)'s as
   astro-mainz.de,  which tells us that the observatory was on
   the roof of the Anne-Frank-Realschule from 1962 to 2011.
   (The MPC observations are all from 1985.)  That site appears in
   G__gle Earth,  with the dome clearly visible.  However,  Mike
   Kretlow (who grew up there and was a member of the astronomical
   societies in Mainz and Wiesbaden) tells me this isn't where
   the observations were made.  So it doesn't get the (090) code.
   48m added for geoid height.
090b!+008.270659   +50.003873        172.      Mainz, Anne-Frank-Realschule

   Mike also says that the AAG Mainz built the Paul-Baumann-Sternwarte
   outside the city in 1984,  but that this is probably also not where
   astrometry was done :
090c!+008.225898   +49.946391        250.      Mainz, Paul-Baumann-Sternwarte

   And Mike has gotten confirmation from the observer for the (090)
   data,  and the following coordinates.  Mike says : "In fact this
   station will never be used again,  they are not living there anymore,
   it was really a once in a lifetime (1985) mobile station in the
   backyard."  Still 48m for geoid height.
090 !+008.194322   +49.955881        279.      Mainz

   http://www.obs-hp.fr/ohp_leaflet.pdf shows a site map identifying
   four telescopes at Haute-Provence Observatory.  The map is somewhat
   impressionistic,  and I was not 100% sure of (OH3) and (OH4) (other
   than that there are definitely domes there).   However,  Mike Kretlow
   sent me a map (http://stargate-ohp.de/pics/plan2b_gross.gif) and
   explanation of the site confirming that the leaflet was correct,
   marked SATINO,  and noted that Tuebingen is ROTAT.  I was then able
   to identify all but one of the domes measured below.  51m added for
   geoid height.

   51m added for geoid height.
OH1 !+005.712526   +43.931481        705.      Observatoire Haute-Provence, 1.93-m
OH2 !+005.711704   +43.933394        719.      Observatoire Haute-Provence, 1.52-m
OH3 !+005.714509   +43.932374        695.      Observatoire Haute-Provence, 80-cm
OH4 !+005.715177   +43.931745        688.      Observatoire Haute-Provence, 1.2-m
OH5 !+005.714727   +43.932967        702.      Rosace 40-cm, Observatoire Haute-Provence
OH6 !+005.715464   +43.933568        701.      Geneve, Observatoire Haute-Provence
OH7 !+005.713879   +43.933529        709.      Schmidt, Observatoire Haute-Provence
OH8 !+005.713326   +43.932287        702.      PPO, Observatoire Haute-Provence
OH9 !+005.712621   +43.932621        708.      Jumelees,  Observatoire Haute-Provence
OHa !+005.712752   +43.932779        709.      ROTAT, Observatoire Haute-Provence
GPO !+005.711919   +43.932509        713.      Grand Prisme Objectif, OHP
OHc !+005.710962   +43.934038        726.      Observatoire Haute-Provence, unid
OHd !+005.710366   +43.934290        730.      Dobson, Observatoire Haute-Provence
OHe !+005.712389   +43.932077        780.      SATINO, Observatoire Haute-Provence

   Peter Birtwhistle writes : "...I can offer the original lat. and
   long. as supplied by the observers back then, I think generally by
   measuring off the British Ordnance Survey maps. I've taken a look at
   them in Google Earth and they may indeed be better than the co-ords
   in the MPC list but I can't prove that..."
   The positions are probably in a datum other than WGS84,  and there would
   be a datum shift of perhaps hundreds of metres.  But since the MPC
   positions have a precision of ~6.3 km in latitude and altitude,  these
   definitely represent an improvement.
   Observer F. Van Looy,  45m added for geoid height.
002 !+003713.      +513529.          110.      Rayleigh
   Observer Alan Young.  47m for geoid height.
489 !-000742.6     +521916.5          59.5     Hemingford Abbots
   Observer John Baguley.  50m for geoid height.
492 !-013200.0     +525438.0         150.      Mickleover

   Peter was also able to contact Mike Swan,  the observer for (490),  and
   confirmed the location and found the concrete base of the observatory
   on G__gle Earth.  Peter has also suggested modifying the name to make it
   a little clearer.  48m for geoid height.
490 !-001.997417   +50.802694         78.      Stone Park Observatory, Wimborne Minster

   Peter writes : " I also took a look at 997 Hartwell which is only about
   34 miles from J95 [Peter's observatory] and found that it was the 19th
   century observatory of Dr John Lee and a reasonably detailed plan of
   the observatory building was published by Captain W.H. Smyth and now
   available via the Internet book archive. The observatory is long since
   demolished but I've measured the location of where the transit
   telescope and also the equatorial telescope were housed..."  Based on
   the old drawing,  Peter guesstimates a height of 3m for the transit
   telescope (which we think is the 'real' 997) and 5m for the equatorial,
   with a base altitude 83m ASL,  plus 47m for geoid height.
   Jan Manek points out a map and description at :
   https://archive.org/details/deshartwelliano00smytgoog/page/n124/mode/2up
   Peter has overlaid the map on G__gle Earth to get
   https://birtwhistle.org.uk/MPCCode997Hartwell.htm ,  from which the
   following coordinates were obtained :
997 !-000.846278   +51.805000         133.     Hartwell
997e!-000.846194   +51.805000         135.     Hartwell equatorial

   Peter also provides images and background for several observatories at
   https://birtwhistle.org.uk/SiteMap.htm (45m added for geoid heights)

576 !+000.374425   +50.995594         118.     Burwash
984 !-002.739722   +50.922992         101.     Eastfield
986 !-000.639444   +51.408888         115.     Ascot
993 !+002.505833   +51.047117         136.     Woolston

   Peter's page at https://birtwhistle.org.uk/HistoryMillHill.htm
   provides enough identification for these (998) scopes.  The MPC
   position appears to be for the Radcliffe dome.

998a!-000.242431   +51.613321         130.     Mill Hill, Radcliffe
998b!-000.242226   +51.613365         126.     Mill Hill, 24" Ritchey-Chretien
998c!-000.242320   +51.613224         122.     Mill Hill, western of 3 sm domes
998d!-000.242243   +51.613224         122.     Mill Hill, middle of 3 sm domes
998e!-000.242165   +51.613227         122.     Mill Hill, eastern of 3 sm domes

   Jan also writes : "(640) Seftenberg has a completely wrong longitude (offset
   > ~200 km).  It was active ~1845-1858,  founded by British astronomer
   John Parish.  After his death on 1858 Sep 2,  his nephew (who had no
   interest in astronomy) ordered the observatory pulled down."  Jan provides
   the following reference :
   https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/1845AN.....23..129K/abstract
   Also,  note that this is _not_ the Seftenberg in Germany.  It is the Czech
   town of Žamberk,  known in German as Senftenberg in Böhmen.  Jan reminds
   me that at the time,  Czechia was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire,
   and German was the official language.  44m added for geoid height.
640 !+016.467486   +50.085097         481.     Senftenberger Sternwarte

   Lowell Observatory scopes.  24m subtracted for geoid height.
   The NPOI location is that at the center of the three 'arms'.  Some IDs
   made using https://lowell.edu/history/the-mars-hill-campus/ .
Pek !-111.536786   +35.097069        2178.     Perkins 1.8-m, Lowell Observatory
Hal !-111.536335   +35.096740        2177.     Hall 1.1-m, Lowell Observatory
699 !-111.536703   +35.095857        2177.     Lowell Observatory-LONEOS
NPO !-111.533918   +35.095946        2180.     Navy Precision Optical Interferometer
L?? !-111.536909   +35.099318        2182.     Unknown 250m N of Perkins 1.8-m
c24 !-111.664018   +35.202328        2195.     Lowell Clark 24" refractor
Dye !-111.663985   +35.201881        2198.     Dyer 24-inch telescope, Lowell
L?3 !-111.665784   +35.202790        2197.     Unknown 170m WNW of Lowell Clark refractor
PDT !-111.665954   +35.203960        2196.     Pluto discovery telescope
L?4 !-111.666466   +35.203037        2192.     Lowell unkn 70m WNW of L?3
L?5 !-111.667065   +35.202916        2189.     Lowell unkn 60m WSW of L?4 (small dome)
L?6 !-111.667204   +35.202930        2189.     Lowell roll-off roof 15m W of L?5

   Five domes at (689) U. S. Naval Observatory,  Flagstaff,  Arizona.
   I don't know which,  if any,  of the following should be used.  At least
   some (689) data came from FASTT,  which (says Wi__p__ia) was "140m
   southwest of the primary complex",  in a location that shows up as
   bushes on the imagery.  The last three domes are not conclusively IDed,
   and (u2f) may not even be a dome.  23m subtracted for geoid height.
KST !-111.740721   +35.184047        2282.     Kaj Strand Telescope, Naval Obs. Flagstaff
13f !-111.741083   +35.183863        2276.     1.3-m f/4 reflector, Naval Obs. Flagstaff
10f !-111.738430   +35.184356        2287.     1.0-m Ritchey-Chretien, Naval Obs. Flagstaff?
u1f !-111.738240   +35.184360        2288.     Unk small dome, Naval Obs. Flagstaff
u2f !-111.738441   +35.184604        2281.     Unk small dome?, Naval Obs. Flagstaff

   Not entirely sure which instrument at Greenwich was used for (000).
   (I would guess the transit circle early on,  and the 28" refractor later.)
   The ATC location is from Wikipaedia;  the refractor coordinates are from
   G__gle Earth.  46-m geoid height.

000a!-000.001472   +51.477805          96.     Airy Transit Circle, Greenwich
000b!-000.001144   +51.477720         101.     28" Great Refractor, Greenwich

   Private communication,  Marco Micheli.  Corrected for 38m geoid height.

W98 !-068.179722   -22.953055        2435.     Polonia Observatory, San Pedro de Atacama

   Bernd Klemt was able to find Ernst Pollmann,  a well-known German amateur
   spectroscopist and observer at (072) Scheuren Observatory,  near Koln in
   Germany : https://astrospectroscopy.de/Observatory .  Pollmann was able
   to confirm that this is the site from which measurements were made by
   Mr. Ehring.  Bernd measured the coordinates below on Google Earth.  47
   meters added for geoid height.

072 !+007.167647   +51.042472         266.     Scheuren Observatory

   Bernd found four possible positions for (572) Cologne,  listed below
   as (572a) to (572d).  The MPC location is only given to 0.001 Earth
   radius (about 6 km),  and no observations are listed from it;  we
   don't know when it was active,  so any of these four could be the
   "real" (572).  Bernd notes :

   "In 1935 there was built an observatory on the roof of a school at
   'Grosser Griechenmarkt' that was destroyed in WW II. Today there
   exists an catholic elementary school with just this name at the
   following coordinates :

572a!+006.950649   +50.932411         101.     Cologne,  1935-194?

   In 1962 a new public observatory was built at the roof of the 'Schiller
   Gymnasium' [high school], Nikolausstrasse 55,  Koln-Sulz,
   https://www.volkssternwartekoeln.de/ , which still exists..." (below
   is 53m ASL,  plus 47m geoid,  plus 15m because the telescope is in a
   dome on a roof.)

572b!+006.930168   +50.923164         115.     Cologne, Schiller Gymnasium

   "There is also the 'Planetarium und Sternwarte Koln' at the Blucherstr.
   15-17,  also on top of a Gymnasium (high school),  built 1960-1963.
   They have two domes,  as below.  http://www.koelner-planetarium.de/ "
   47m ASL, 47m geoid,  ~20m building.

572c!+006.956572   +50.966817         114.     Planete und Sternwarte Koln, N dome
572d!+006.956516   +50.966530         114.     Planete und Sternwarte Koln, S dome

   https://www.konkoly.hu/staff/racz/piszkesteto-en.html provides links
   to maps,  geodetic coordinates,  and other data for three telescopes at
   at Piszkéstető Mountain Station (Konkoly Observatory).  The geodetic
   coordinates are for the intersection of the RA/dec axes,  the very point
   you really want for orbital calculations.  Those coordinates are given
   below in their original degree/minutes/seconds form,  to 0.1 second.
   Much lower relative uncertainties are claimed,  but 0.1 second = about
   three meters.  They are about ten meters north and seven meters east of
   the coordinates measured from G__gle Earth (in decimal degrees,  in
   comments below).  I don't know who's wrong, and it may reflect a difference
   in geodetic datum.  For both sources,  a 43m geoid height is added.
      The Web site mentions a 40-cm scope with a roll-off roof,  but I
   wasn't able to identify it on Google Earth.  I think the '60/90/180 cm'
   designation for the Schmidt means a 60-cm corrector plate (the 'real'
   aperture),  90-cm spherical primary,  and 180-cm focal length.
      Krisztián Sárneczky tells me that (561) = the original MPC code for
   this site,  starting in the 1960s or 70s,  and used only the Schmidt
   telescope.  (The first observations in the MPC database from (561) are
   from 1974.)  I've moved (561) accordingly.  (K88) and (461) observations
   are split between the 1m RC and the Schmidt,  so I'm not moving either
   (K88) or (461) and am instead storing coordinates for the other scopes
   under new codes.
      Krisztián also tells me that the '50-cm Cassegrain' mentioned at the
   Konkoly Web site was retired in 2018 and replaced with an 80-cm RC.

   G__gle : 561 !+19.893693    +47.917421         977.     60/90/180 cm Schmidt
561 !+195339.6     +475505.9          980.55   Piszkesteto Stn. (Konkoly)

   G__gle : Pis1!+19.894911    +47.916920         986.     1m RC, Piszkesteto
Pi1 !+195344.1     +475504.2         1003.61   1m Ritchey-Chretien, Piszkesteto

   G__gle : Pis3!+19.893097    +47.918461         977.     50cm Cassegrain, now 80cm RC
Pi8 !+195337.8     +475509.81         991.1    80 cm Ritchey-Chretien, Piszkesteto

   (H21) Astronomical Research Observatory scopes,  measured with G__gle and
   identified from http://www.astro-research.org/observatory_directory.htm .
   215m ASL, -33m geoid height.

H21a!-087.968341   +39.482992         182.     ARO 0.76-m
H21b!-087.968249   +39.483006         182.     ARO 1.3-m
H21c!-087.968174   +39.482998         182.     ARO 0.81-m
H21d!-087.968107   +39.482990         182.     ARO 0.61-m

   Crimea-Nauchnij telescopes,  identified with https://mapcarta.com/W389837286
   and http://crao.ru/en/telescopes-en,  measured with G__gle Earth.  I think
   (ZTE) = (L51) MARGO,  but it could be (AZT5) = (L51).  MPC provides only
   low-precision coordinates for MARGO,  and lists it as a 65-cm f/1.5
   astrograph.  26 m added for geoid height.  (L52) MASTER-Tavrida may be
   (z60N).  Somebody who has been there would be required to sort it out.

ZTE !+034.016123   +44.729590         621.     ZTE, Crimea-Nauchnij
z60S!+034.016711   +44.729219         619.     Zeiss 60-cm (S), Crimea-Nauchnij
z40N!+034.016138   +44.729130         623.     Zeiss 40-cm, Crimea-Nauchnij
z60N!+034.016591   +44.729742         623.     Zeiss 60-cm (N), Crimea-Nauchnij
AZT5!+034.015764   +44.729285         624.     AZT-5

ZTSh!+034.015824   +44.727959         628.     2.6-m Shajn (ZTSh), Crimea-Nauchnij

   AZTe = 1.25-m Ritchey-Chretien, 16-m focal length
AZTe!+034.017138   +44.726993         620.     1.25-m AZT-11, Crimea-Nauchnij
BabZ!+034.015562   +44.726860         621.     Babelsberg Zeiss 122cm, Crimea-Nauchnij

z40S!+034.014549   +44.726602         614.     Zeiss 40-cm (S), Crimea-Nauchnij

   MTM = 50-cm Maksutov.  RK8 = 80-cm Ritchey-Chretien.  K380 = 38-cm Cassegrain.
MTM !+034.015159   +44.726339         612.     MTM-500, Crimea-Nauchnij
RK8 !+034.014463   +44.726117         607.     RK-800, Crimea-Nauchnij
K380!+034.015660   +44.726292         611.     K-380, Crimea-Nauchnij
AT64!+034.016021   +44.726321         612.     AT-64, Crimea-Nauchnij

AZT8!+034.013314   +44.727013         614.     AZT-8, Crimea-Nauchnij

   Mpa = 15m radio antenna in the Canary Islands.  Position from
   http://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/ESA_Ground_Stations/Maspalomas_station
Mpa !-015.633800   +27.762888         205.1    Maspalomas Station

   45m geoid height added to all Ondrejov alts.  The (557) position,  from
   Petr Pravec,  is where all observations since Nov 1993 were made.  About
   200 comet observations submitted for (557) between August 1992 and
   November 1993 were actually made from (On7),  an 18-cm scope on top of the
   Solar department building,  about 12m above ground;  Petr kindly pointed
   that one out and supplied lat/lon for it as well.  This is about a 0.5
   km difference;  I don't think it matters for any of the observations,
   but may be of historical interest.

557 !+014.7796222  +49.9147972        575.0    Ondrejov 0.65m
L36 !+014.78010    +49.90943          562.0    Ondrejov--BlueEye600 Telescope

On1 !+014.78096    +49.91515          574.0    Ondrejov 2m
On2 !+014.78100    +49.90921          570.0    W blue dome south of (557)
On3 !+014.78143    +49.90917          573.0    E blue dome south of (557)

On4 !+014.77999    +49.90925          563.0    Roll-off roof about 100m east of blue domes
On5 !+014.77972    +49.90858          558.0    Ondrejov radio telescope (SW)
On6 !+014.78264    +49.91339          559.0    Ondrejov radio telescope (NE)
On7 !+014.7819072  +49.9090889        580.0    Ondrejov 18cm

McN !+149.15646    -31.27369          610.0    Rob McNaught
Kau !+024.048889   +54.920931          67.0    Kaunas

   The MPC position for Skalnate Pleso is about 600 meters east of the
one given at https://www.ta3.sk/l3.php?p3=mph (and confirmed on G__gle
Maps).

056 !+020.23412    +49.18935         1828.0    Skalnate Pleso

   https://www.klet.org/en/telescopes says that Klet Observatory has two
scopes : a 1.06-m f/3 KLENOT scope and a 0.57-m f/5.2 reflector.  Two
domes show up in G__gle Maps,  but I don't actually know which dome is
which.  For the nonce,  I have put (246) KLENOT in the dome that is
~20m northeast of the dome I have labelled as (046).  Both points are
about 270 m north-northwest of the location given by MPC,  so even if
I do have them backwards,  it's an improvement over the current situation.
47m added for geoid height.

046 !+014.28448    +48.86376         1107.     Klet Observatory, Ceske Budejovice
246 !+014.28469    +48.86390         1107.     Klet Observatory-KLENOT

   (907) Melbourne reported three positions of C/1917 F1 in 1917,  and
then four more of 2P/Encke in 1918,  and then they gave up.  The following
position for (907) Melbourne Observatory is for the _current_ location
of the main dome at Melbourne Observatory,  about 210m north of the
location given by MPC.  This is a reconstruction of the original
observatory,  but I can't tell from on-line sources if it's in the
same place.  However,  the MPC coordinates are given to 0.00001 Earth
radius = 63m precision.  So I am at least not adding error by using
the following G__gle Earth coordinates.  5m added for geoid height.

907 !+144.97551    -37.82966           42.     Melbourne

   Further scopes near SkyMapper,  identified using site maps at
https://rsaa.anu.edu.au/observers/travel-siding-spring-observatory
27m added for geoid height.

   Note that (Q57) is unidentified at that map.
https://kmtnet.kasi.re.kr/kmtnet-eng/sites-data-process/ gives
a position matching the MPC's.  Both are about 80m west of the position
shown on the map at the KMTNet site... which lands nicely on the
only unidentified dome from the SSO map.

Q55 !+149.06143    -31.27207         1190.     SkyMapper, Siding Spring
Hun !+149.061534   -31.271770        1171.     Huntsman, Siding Spring
AN24!+149.061678   -31.271589        1172.     Australian National Univ 24-inch, Siding Spring
AN23!+149.062396   -31.271647        1171.     Australian National Univ 2.3-m, Siding Spring
AN16!+149.062227   -31.272120        1183.     Australian National Univ 16-inch, Siding Spring
AN40!+149.062103   -31.271163        1180.     Australian National Univ 40-inch, Siding Spring
Q57 !+149.062545   -31.271108        1167.     Korea Microlensing Telescope Network-SSO
HatS!+149.062060   -31.272295        1174.     HAT-South, Siding Spring
Sola!+149.061874   -31.272380        1175.     Solaris telescope, Siding Spring

Upp5!+149.064160   -31.273225        1151.     Uppsala 0.5-m, Siding Spring
UNSW!+149.064297   -31.273297        1149.     0.5-m UNSW Automated Patrol Telescope
UKSc!+149.071132   -31.272289        1142.     1.2-m UK Schmidt, Siding Spring
AAO !+149.067264   -31.275358        1161.     3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope, Siding Spring

   Ian Adams provided some "on-the-ground" corrections/additions for
Siding Spring.  He pointed out the following two GOTO (Gravitational-
wave Optical Transient Observatory) scopes,  and supplied a corrected
location for ROTSE (I'd mis-labelled the JAXA observatory as ROTSE) :

GOS !+149.064123   -31.273454        1148.     GOTO South
GON !+149.064119   -31.273374        1149.     GOTO North
ROTS!+149.064040   -31.273364        1150.     UNSW ROTSE Telescope, Siding Spring

   Ian also identified a couple of roll-off roof structures in the
neighborhood that had me baffled :

JAXS!+149.064204   -31.273410        1121      JAXA, Siding Spring
APT !+149.064281   -31.273343        1122      APT, Siding Spring

   Should check in with Las Cumbres folks to disambiguate the following :

Faul!+149.070794   -31.272822        1146.     Faulkes Telescope South?
FauA!+149.070736   -31.272999        1145.     Dome ~15m S of (Faul)
FauB!+149.070621   -31.272919        1145.     Dome ~15m WSW of (Faul)

   The aforementioned Web site also has a link to an excellent site
map for Mount Stromlo.  These were all destroyed in the 2003 bushfires.
Geoid height is 20m.  Highlights :

St74!+149.008898   -35.319125         786.     74-in reflector, Mt Stromlo
St26!+149.009794   -35.318523         787.     26-in Yale-Columbia refractor, Mt Stromlo
St50!+149.007461   -35.320406         786.     50-in reflector, Mt Stromlo

P07 !+114.0899     -21.8957            40.     Space Surveillance Telescope, HEH Station
SOR !-106.463864   +34.9642312       1892.     Starfire Optical Range,  Albuquerque

   Private communication from Francois Kugel,  2021 Oct 18 : N 43 59' 59.26",
   E 05 38' 48.96", alt 626m ASL.  51m added for geoid height.
A77 !+005.64693    +43.99979          677.     Observatoire Chante-Perdrix, Dauban

   Identification of Apache Point telescopes,  from
   https://www.apo.nmsu.edu/Site/usersguide/Facility.html .  Altitude from
   https://www.apo.nmsu.edu/ ;  says it's already ellipsoidal.  The MPC
   positions for (705) and (645) both land on the 3.5-m dome,  about 85m
   north of the SDSS 2.5-m dome.

705a!-105.82044    +32.78035         2788.     Apache Point, 3.5-m
705b!-105.82028    +32.78004         2788.     New Mexico State Univ. 1.0-m,  Apache Point
705c!-105.82018    +32.77979         2788.     ARCSAT 0.5-m, Apache Point
705d!-105.82033    +32.77959         2788.     Sloan Digital Sky Survey 2.5-m

   Palomar telescopes identified via the site map at
   http://ftp.astro.caltech.edu/palomar/observer/observertravel.html .  (I41),
   (261),  and (644) all refer to the 48" Samuel Oschin telescope.  (675) is
   the location of the decommissioned 18" telescope.  -32m correction for geoid.

P5m !-116.86503    +33.35627         1662.     Palomar 5m
60P !-116.85972    +33.34835         1648.     Palomar 1.5m

   Coords from Andrea Mattei.
L78 !+014.780211   +40.6826087        134.     San Marco Observatory, Salerno

   The MPC coordinates for Bucharest were in a pond.  I thought that one of
   these two domes,  about 60m apart from each other and ~300m south-southwest
   of the MPC coordinates,  was the "right" place. 37m added for geoid height.
073a!+026.09487    +44.41095          124.     Bucharest (northern dome)
073b!+026.09485    +44.41038          134.     Bucharest (southern dome)

   About 180 meters NW of the above pair is a pair of smaller domes,  about
   20m from each other :

073c!+026.09378    +44.41224          134.     Bucharest (small NE dome)
073d!+026.09362    +44.41207          134.     Bucharest (small SW dome)

   However,  Adrian Sonka tells me the actual location is none of these;
   it is a roll-off roof observatory a little southeast of the above pair.
   (MPC has since 'moved' (073) to these coordinates.)
073 !+026.09391    +44.41197          134.     Bucharest

   The MPC coordinates for Geneva are about 190m north-northeast of the dome
   as seen on G__gle Maps.   Corrected location from Stephan Hellmich.
   50m added for geoid height.
517 !+006.1349802  +46.3091749        509.     Geneva (from 1967)

   The following position is from a GPS survey, from a private communication
   from Mike Nolan.  _Horizons_ uses an almost identical position,  except
   with altitude 450.557m.  Possibly an ellipsoid difference?  And a VLBI
   survey reported by Dave Graham differs by ~5 meters,  mostly in altitude
   (I don't know which way).  The MPC position is horrible,  about 90m south
   and at altitude 504m.  On G__gle Maps,  it's almost halfway off the dish.

251 !-066.752693   +18.344219         453.340  Arecibo

UAZ !-110.947361   +32.232722         100.000  University of Arizona 24"

   DSS 47 isn't in the aforementioned file where I got data for other DSN
   locations.  The following coordinates came a private communication from
   Jon Giorgini at JPL.

271 ! 149.5501388  -30.3128846       236.87    ATCA DSS 47

   (Opt) is a 'floating' location,  used internally in Find_Orb.  It is the
   'best' topocentric location for observing an object at a given time (puts
   the object well above the horizon and the sun well below it),  and
   therefore moves around as the Earth rotates and the object moves around
   in the sky.

Opt !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @3  Optimal topocentric location

   One can specify a 'code' for a group of individual codes.  In ephemerides,
   the 'best' code for a given time and object will be chosen (ideally,  object
   high in the sky and sun well below the horizon).  The individual codes
   collected in a group code are specified in 'environ.dat' (q. v.)

LC1 !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @3  Las Cumbres Observatory (1m)
LC2 !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @3  Las Cumbres Observatory (2m)
ATL !   0.0000       0.00000   +0.00000    @3  ATLAS (all scopes)

RA2 !-110.847070   +32.581105        1190.     RAPTORS-2
RMI !+145.061634   -37.680589         160.4    RMIT Robotic Optical Observatory

TCO !-156.44052777 +20.7097222         59.0    Tennis Court Observatory, Maui

   Identified some Perth Observatory scopes from an annotated map at
   http://www.phys.ttu.edu/~ozprof/pobs.htm ,  which also describes some of
   the scopes at this facility.  Perth has three official MPC codes,  (319),
   (322),  and (323).  I don't know to which telescopes those last two refer.

Pe1 !+116.13545    -32.00773          355.0    UWA 16" telescope
319 !+116.13645    -32.00690          355.0    Perth Observatory, Perth-Lowell Telescope
Pe2 !+116.13607    -32.00710          355.0    Perth Observatory Transit Telescope
Pe3 !+116.13648    -32.00777          355.0    Perth Observatory 13" Astrograph
Pe4 !+116.13648    -32.00742          355.0    Perth Observatory unidentified 1
Pe5 !+116.13663    -32.00716          355.0    Perth Observatory unidentified 2
Pe6 !+116.13645    -32.00729          355.0    Perth Observatory roll-off roof?

   The MPC location for (662) Lick is about 200 meters east-southeast of the
   nearest telescope (36" refractor).  I don't know which telescope(s) really
   corresponds to (662);  I am putting it at the location for the 36"
   refractor,  which is at least an improvement by ~200 meters.  Site map is
   https://mthamilton.ucolick.org/techdocs/practical_info/lick_map.html
   32 meters subtracted for geoid height.

662 !-121.643015   +37.341081        1273.0    Lick Observatory, 36" refractor
662a!-121.642877   +37.341707        1264.0    Lick Observatory, 40" reflector
662b!-121.640246   +37.341893        1241.0    Lick Observatory, 22" Touchmann reflector
662c!-121.638793   +37.342747        1252.0    Lick Observatory, Crocker dome
662d!-121.638222   +37.342536        1250.0    Lick Observatory, Automatic Planet Finder scope
662e!-121.638003   +37.342617        1251.0    Lick Observatory, Double Astrograph
662f!-121.637157   +37.342842        1245.0    Lick Observatory, Coude' Auxiliary telescope
662g!-121.637209   +37.343034        1246.0    Lick Observatory, 120" Shane telescope
662h!-121.634823   +37.343376        1265.0    Lick Observatory, Katzman Automatic Imaging telescope

   (672) Mount Wilson scopes identified via
   https://www.mtwilson.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/MWO-Campus-Map-Printable.pdf
   The MPC position is at least in the right ballpark,  such that I don't
   know which way to move it (again,  I don't know which of the following was
   the "real" (672).)  I've omitted (G73),  the 24" scope used for TIE (Telescopes
   In Education).  It was moved from Mount Wilson in 2007.  I don't know where it
   was when it was in use,  but the MPC position is probably about 1.3 km south of
   reality;  it's way out in the woods.  33 meters subtracted for geoid height.

672a!-118.057487   +34.224572        1695.0    Mount Wilson, 60"
672b!-118.057186   +34.225873        1690.0    Mount Wilson, 100" Hooker
672c!-118.057053   +34.224403        1696.0    Mount Wilson, CHARA S1
672d!-118.057110   +34.224699        1699.0    Mount Wilson, CHARA S2
672e!-118.058963   +34.226347        1683.0    Mount Wilson, CHARA W1
672f!-118.057823   +34.226189        1685.0    Mount Wilson, CHARA W2
672g!-118.055694   +34.227149        1660.0    Mount Wilson, CHARA E1
672h!-118.056292   +34.226829        1674.0    Mount Wilson, CHARA E2

   Private communication from Gary Hug.  32m subtracted for geoid height.

H36 !-095.706554   +38.797700         322.0    Sandlot Observatory, Scranton

SQO !-086.5263889  +38.97702778       153.0    Star Quarry Observatory

   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassar_College_Observatory provides the
   following position for (794),  and explains that it is the 'historic'
   observatory.  Positions from (794) in MPC data are all quite old and
   would have come from this location,  which is about 300 meters west
   of the MPC coordinates for it.  The new observatory has three domes
   visible on G__gle Maps;  see
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_of_1951_Observatory .

794 !-073.89331    +41.68829           55.0    Vassar College Observatory, Poughkeepsie
VCe !-073.89045    +41.68295           55.0    Vassar College (since 1997), larger east dome
VCw !-073.89063    +41.68295           55.0    Vassar College (since 1997), larger west dome
VCn !-073.89054    +41.68323           55.0    Vassar College (since 1997), small north dome

   (Roz) is a new telescope near (071),  described at
   https://www.ta3.sk/caosp/Eedition/Abstracts/2024/Vol_54/No_2/pp15-21_abstract.html
   Coordinates for it,  and for (AOB),  are via a private communication
   from Rositsa Miteva.

Roz !+024.73833    +41.69694         1762.0    1.5-m NAO Rozhen, Smolyan
AOB !+022.675      +43.622777         650.0    AO Belogradchik

   Gael Musquet supplied the coordinates for the following two telescopes.

VO1 !+001.49914017 +49.103662056      169.222  Vernon Observatory CB
VO2 !+001.49767872 +49.107084983      170.486  Vernon Observatory L1
BoR !+007.192566   +51.426990         159.65   Bochum radio observatory
Cha !+016.11250    -23.290000        1182.0    Chamaeleon Observatory

McC !-078.329166   +44.331944         206.77   Hevans Drive Observatory
088 !+031.827694   +29.93400          494.0    Kottamia
OKC !-097.671787   +35.411143         390.0    Oklahoma City test site

   A couple of corrections,  from private communications.
J04 !-016.511823   +28.300971        2450.     ESA Optical Ground Station, Tenerife
853 !-110.846731   +32.581173        1166.9    Biosphere 2
089 !+031.97333    +46.972485          79.     Mykolaiv

   Andrew Pearce and Terry Lovejoy provided these coordinates for the old
   Perth Observatory.  "(323) represents the Perth Observatory at the
   current site but before 1966 it was located about 30kms west."  They
   measured some plates of C/1917 F1 (Mellish) in 2025 (submitted to MPC
   as 'roving observer' observations).

OPe !-115.8444     -31.9525            70.0    Perth Observatory (before 1966)

UDe !+004.3754     +51.8989            55.0    University of Delft

   The MPC position for (019) Neuchatel cannot be correct,  as it would place
   the observatory in the nearby lake.  The actual location is about 450m to
   the northwest.   There are currently two domes there visible on G__gle Earth,
   about 80m apart.  I don't know which was used for the asteroid observations
   in the MPC database,   made between 1872 and 1912.  I've assigned (019) to
   the larger dome and noted the position of the smaller one.  Either is at
   least a great improvement over the MPC location.  50m added for geoid height.

019 !+006.952906   +47.000090         546.0    Neuchatel
     +006.953840   +47.000486         547.0    Neuchatel #2

   (009) Berne-Uecht's Web site (https://www.space-eye.ch/en) provides a map
   indicating a location about 11 km south of MPC's position,  and a detailed
   history of the site confirming that the site didn't move.  The site has
   two telescopes about 85m apart;  again,  I have selected one at random.

009 !+007.452878   +46.852478        1010.0    Berne-Uecht
     +007.453845   +46.852180        1019.0    Berne-Uecht #2