From 75e785b7efb44e4a5319f30b1fa0cccebeb59920 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CastagnaIT <gottardo.stefano.83@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Aug 2021 16:27:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] Add httpx package and dependencies

---
 packages/__init__.py                          |    0
 packages/certifi/__init__.py                  |    3 +
 packages/certifi/__main__.py                  |   12 +
 packages/certifi/cacert.pem                   | 4257 +++++++++
 packages/certifi/core.py                      |   60 +
 packages/h11/__init__.py                      |   21 +
 packages/h11/_abnf.py                         |  129 +
 packages/h11/_connection.py                   |  585 ++
 packages/h11/_events.py                       |  302 +
 packages/h11/_headers.py                      |  242 +
 packages/h11/_readers.py                      |  222 +
 packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py                |  152 +
 packages/h11/_state.py                        |  307 +
 packages/h11/_util.py                         |  122 +
 packages/h11/_version.py                      |   16 +
 packages/h11/_writers.py                      |  123 +
 packages/h11/tests/__init__.py                |    0
 packages/h11/tests/data/test-file             |    1 +
 packages/h11/tests/helpers.py                 |   77 +
 .../h11/tests/test_against_stdlib_http.py     |  111 +
 packages/h11/tests/test_connection.py         | 1078 +++
 packages/h11/tests/test_events.py             |  179 +
 packages/h11/tests/test_headers.py            |  151 +
 packages/h11/tests/test_helpers.py            |   23 +
 packages/h11/tests/test_io.py                 |  544 ++
 packages/h11/tests/test_receivebuffer.py      |  134 +
 packages/h11/tests/test_state.py              |  250 +
 packages/h11/tests/test_util.py               |   99 +
 packages/h2/__init__.py                       |    8 +
 packages/h2/config.py                         |  170 +
 packages/h2/connection.py                     | 2047 ++++
 packages/h2/errors.py                         |   75 +
 packages/h2/events.py                         |  634 ++
 packages/h2/exceptions.py                     |  187 +
 packages/h2/frame_buffer.py                   |  160 +
 packages/h2/settings.py                       |  334 +
 packages/h2/stream.py                         | 1371 +++
 packages/h2/utilities.py                      |  656 ++
 packages/h2/windows.py                        |  139 +
 packages/hpack/__init__.py                    |   30 +
 packages/hpack/exceptions.py                  |   49 +
 packages/hpack/hpack.py                       |  633 ++
 packages/hpack/huffman.py                     |   66 +
 packages/hpack/huffman_constants.py           |  289 +
 packages/hpack/huffman_table.py               | 4739 +++++++++
 packages/hpack/struct.py                      |   39 +
 packages/hpack/table.py                       |  235 +
 packages/httpcore/__init__.py                 |   63 +
 packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py          |    0
 packages/httpcore/_async/base.py              |  122 +
 packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py        |  220 +
 packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py   |  365 +
 packages/httpcore/_async/http.py              |   42 +
 packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py            |  269 +
 packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py             |  446 +
 packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py        |  290 +
 packages/httpcore/_backends/__init__.py       |    0
 packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py          |  201 +
 packages/httpcore/_backends/asyncio.py        |  303 +
 packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py           |   67 +
 packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py           |  137 +
 packages/httpcore/_backends/curio.py          |  206 +
 packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py           |  178 +
 packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py           |  212 +
 packages/httpcore/_bytestreams.py             |   96 +
 packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py              |   79 +
 packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py           |    0
 packages/httpcore/_sync/base.py               |  122 +
 packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py         |  220 +
 packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py    |  365 +
 packages/httpcore/_sync/http.py               |   42 +
 packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py             |  269 +
 packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py              |  446 +
 packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py         |  290 +
 packages/httpcore/_threadlock.py              |   35 +
 packages/httpcore/_types.py                   |   12 +
 packages/httpcore/_utils.py                   |  105 +
 packages/httpcore/py.typed                    |    0
 packages/httpx/__init__.py                    |  124 +
 packages/httpx/__version__.py                 |    3 +
 packages/httpx/_api.py                        |  445 +
 packages/httpx/_auth.py                       |  304 +
 packages/httpx/_client.py                     | 1982 ++++
 packages/httpx/_compat.py                     |   25 +
 packages/httpx/_config.py                     |  358 +
 packages/httpx/_content.py                    |  207 +
 packages/httpx/_decoders.py                   |  369 +
 packages/httpx/_exceptions.py                 |  339 +
 packages/httpx/_models.py                     | 1843 ++++
 packages/httpx/_multipart.py                  |  205 +
 packages/httpx/_status_codes.py               |  143 +
 packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py        |    0
 packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py            |  169 +
 packages/httpx/_transports/base.py            |  183 +
 packages/httpx/_transports/default.py         |  296 +
 packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py            |   70 +
 packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py            |  138 +
 packages/httpx/_types.py                      |   91 +
 packages/httpx/_utils.py                      |  508 +
 packages/httpx/py.typed                       |    0
 packages/hyperframe/__init__.py               |    8 +
 packages/hyperframe/exceptions.py             |   67 +
 packages/hyperframe/flags.py                  |   51 +
 packages/hyperframe/frame.py                  |  969 ++
 packages/hyperframe/py.typed                  |    0
 packages/idna/__init__.py                     |   44 +
 packages/idna/codec.py                        |  117 +
 packages/idna/compat.py                       |   16 +
 packages/idna/core.py                         |  409 +
 packages/idna/idnadata.py                     | 2050 ++++
 packages/idna/intranges.py                    |   58 +
 packages/idna/package_data.py                 |    2 +
 packages/idna/py.typed                        |    0
 packages/idna/uts46data.py                    | 8438 +++++++++++++++++
 packages/rfc3986/__init__.py                  |   56 +
 packages/rfc3986/_mixin.py                    |  373 +
 packages/rfc3986/abnf_regexp.py               |  282 +
 packages/rfc3986/api.py                       |  106 +
 packages/rfc3986/builder.py                   |  389 +
 packages/rfc3986/compat.py                    |   60 +
 packages/rfc3986/exceptions.py                |  124 +
 packages/rfc3986/iri.py                       |  162 +
 packages/rfc3986/misc.py                      |  135 +
 packages/rfc3986/normalizers.py               |  172 +
 packages/rfc3986/parseresult.py               |  479 +
 packages/rfc3986/uri.py                       |  161 +
 packages/rfc3986/validators.py                |  447 +
 packages/sniffio/__init__.py                  |   14 +
 packages/sniffio/_impl.py                     |   83 +
 packages/sniffio/_tests/__init__.py           |    0
 packages/sniffio/_tests/test_sniffio.py       |   67 +
 packages/sniffio/_version.py                  |    3 +
 packages/sniffio/py.typed                     |    0
 133 files changed, 49407 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 packages/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/certifi/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/certifi/__main__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/certifi/cacert.pem
 create mode 100644 packages/certifi/core.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/_abnf.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/_connection.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/_events.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/_headers.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/_readers.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/_state.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/_util.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/_version.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/_writers.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/data/test-file
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/helpers.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/test_against_stdlib_http.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/test_connection.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/test_events.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/test_headers.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/test_helpers.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/test_io.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/test_receivebuffer.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/test_state.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h11/tests/test_util.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/config.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/connection.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/errors.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/events.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/exceptions.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/frame_buffer.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/settings.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/stream.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/utilities.py
 create mode 100644 packages/h2/windows.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hpack/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hpack/exceptions.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hpack/hpack.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hpack/huffman.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hpack/huffman_constants.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hpack/huffman_table.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hpack/struct.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hpack/table.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_async/base.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_async/http.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_backends/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_backends/asyncio.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_backends/curio.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_bytestreams.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_sync/base.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_sync/http.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_threadlock.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_types.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_utils.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/py.typed
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/__version__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_api.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_auth.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_client.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_compat.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_config.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_content.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_decoders.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_exceptions.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_models.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_multipart.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_status_codes.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_transports/base.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_transports/default.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_types.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/_utils.py
 create mode 100644 packages/httpx/py.typed
 create mode 100644 packages/hyperframe/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hyperframe/exceptions.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hyperframe/flags.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hyperframe/frame.py
 create mode 100644 packages/hyperframe/py.typed
 create mode 100644 packages/idna/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/idna/codec.py
 create mode 100644 packages/idna/compat.py
 create mode 100644 packages/idna/core.py
 create mode 100644 packages/idna/idnadata.py
 create mode 100644 packages/idna/intranges.py
 create mode 100644 packages/idna/package_data.py
 create mode 100644 packages/idna/py.typed
 create mode 100644 packages/idna/uts46data.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/_mixin.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/abnf_regexp.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/api.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/builder.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/compat.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/exceptions.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/iri.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/misc.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/normalizers.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/parseresult.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/uri.py
 create mode 100644 packages/rfc3986/validators.py
 create mode 100644 packages/sniffio/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/sniffio/_impl.py
 create mode 100644 packages/sniffio/_tests/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 packages/sniffio/_tests/test_sniffio.py
 create mode 100644 packages/sniffio/_version.py
 create mode 100644 packages/sniffio/py.typed

diff --git a/packages/__init__.py b/packages/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/certifi/__init__.py b/packages/certifi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eebdf8886
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/certifi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .core import contents, where
+
+__version__ = "2021.05.30"
diff --git a/packages/certifi/__main__.py b/packages/certifi/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8945b5da8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/certifi/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import argparse
+
+from certifi import contents, where
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--contents", action="store_true")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+if args.contents:
+    print(contents())
+else:
+    print(where())
diff --git a/packages/certifi/cacert.pem b/packages/certifi/cacert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96e2fc65a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/certifi/cacert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,4257 @@
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root CA O=GlobalSign nv-sa OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root CA O=GlobalSign nv-sa OU=Root CA
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA"
+# Serial: 4835703278459707669005204
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3e:45:52:15:09:51:92:e1:b7:5d:37:9f:b1:87:29:8a
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b1:bc:96:8b:d4:f4:9d:62:2a:a8:9a:81:f2:15:01:52:a4:1d:82:9c
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: eb:d4:10:40:e4:bb:3e:c7:42:c9:e3:81:d3:1e:f2:a4:1a:48:b6:68:5c:96:e7:ce:f3:c1:df:6c:d4:33:1c:99
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R2"
+# Serial: 4835703278459682885658125
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 94:14:77:7e:3e:5e:fd:8f:30:bd:41:b0:cf:e7:d0:30
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 75:e0:ab:b6:13:85:12:27:1c:04:f8:5f:dd:de:38:e4:b7:24:2e:fe
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: ca:42:dd:41:74:5f:d0:b8:1e:b9:02:36:2c:f9:d8:bf:71:9d:a1:bd:1b:1e:fc:94:6f:5b:4c:99:f4:2c:1b:9e
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048) O=Entrust.net OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)/(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited
+# Subject: CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048) O=Entrust.net OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)/(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited
+# Label: "Entrust.net Premium 2048 Secure Server CA"
+# Serial: 946069240
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ee:29:31:bc:32:7e:9a:e6:e8:b5:f7:51:b4:34:71:90
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 50:30:06:09:1d:97:d4:f5:ae:39:f7:cb:e7:92:7d:7d:65:2d:34:31
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6d:c4:71:72:e0:1c:bc:b0:bf:62:58:0d:89:5f:e2:b8:ac:9a:d4:f8:73:80:1e:0c:10:b9:c8:37:d2:1e:b1:77
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root O=Baltimore OU=CyberTrust
+# Subject: CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root O=Baltimore OU=CyberTrust
+# Label: "Baltimore CyberTrust Root"
+# Serial: 33554617
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority O=Entrust, Inc. OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference/(c) 2006 Entrust, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority O=Entrust, Inc. OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference/(c) 2006 Entrust, Inc.
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1164660820
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=AAA Certificate Services O=Comodo CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=AAA Certificate Services O=Comodo CA Limited
+# Label: "Comodo AAA Services root"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2"
+# Serial: 1289
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3"
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+# Subject: O=SECOM Trust.net OU=Security Communication RootCA1
+# Label: "Security Communication Root CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=XRamp Global Certification Authority O=XRamp Security Services Inc OU=www.xrampsecurity.com
+# Label: "XRamp Global CA Root"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc. OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc. OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Label: "Go Daddy Class 2 CA"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=Starfield Technologies, Inc. OU=Starfield Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=Starfield Technologies, Inc. OU=Starfield Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Label: "Starfield Class 2 CA"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root CA"
+# Serial: 17154717934120587862167794914071425081
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 10944719598952040374951832963794454346
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 79:e4:a9:84:0d:7d:3a:96:d7:c0:4f:e2:43:4c:89:2e
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA"
+# Serial: 3553400076410547919724730734378100087
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d4:74:de:57:5c:39:b2:d3:9c:85:83:c5:c0:65:49:8a
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 5f:b7:ee:06:33:e2:59:db:ad:0c:4c:9a:e6:d3:8f:1a:61:c7:dc:25
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DST Root CA X3 O=Digital Signature Trust Co.
+# Subject: CN=DST Root CA X3 O=Digital Signature Trust Co.
+# Label: "DST Root CA X3"
+# Serial: 91299735575339953335919266965803778155
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 41:03:52:dc:0f:f7:50:1b:16:f0:02:8e:ba:6f:45:c5
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign Gold CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign Gold CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign Gold CA - G2"
+# Serial: 13492815561806991280
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 24:77:d9:a8:91:d1:3b:fa:88:2d:c2:ff:f8:cd:33:93
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign Silver CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign Silver CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign Silver CA - G2"
+# Serial: 5700383053117599563
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e0:06:a1:c9:7d:cf:c9:fc:0d:c0:56:75:96:d8:62:13
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9b:aa:e5:9f:56:ee:21:cb:43:5a:be:25:93:df:a7:f0:40:d1:1d:cb
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureTrust CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SecureTrust CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Label: "SecureTrust CA"
+# Serial: 17199774589125277788362757014266862032
+# MD5 Fingerprint: dc:32:c3:a7:6d:25:57:c7:68:09:9d:ea:2d:a9:a2:d1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 87:82:c6:c3:04:35:3b:cf:d2:96:92:d2:59:3e:7d:44:d9:34:ff:11
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Secure Global CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Secure Global CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Label: "Secure Global CA"
+# Serial: 9751836167731051554232119481456978597
+# MD5 Fingerprint: cf:f4:27:0d:d4:ed:dc:65:16:49:6d:3d:da:bf:6e:de
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+# Issuer: CN=COMODO Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO Certification Authority"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Network Solutions Certificate Authority O=Network Solutions L.L.C.
+# Subject: CN=Network Solutions Certificate Authority O=Network Solutions L.L.C.
+# Label: "Network Solutions Certificate Authority"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 41578283867086692638256921589707938090
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certigna O=Dhimyotis
+# Subject: CN=Certigna O=Dhimyotis
+# Label: "Certigna"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Cybertrust Global Root O=Cybertrust, Inc
+# Subject: CN=Cybertrust Global Root O=Cybertrust, Inc
+# Label: "Cybertrust Global Root"
+# Serial: 4835703278459682877484360
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. OU=ePKI Root Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. OU=ePKI Root Certification Authority
+# Label: "ePKI Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 28956088682735189655030529057352760477
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=certSIGN OU=certSIGN ROOT CA
+# Subject: O=certSIGN OU=certSIGN ROOT CA
+# Label: "certSIGN ROOT CA"
+# Serial: 35210227249154
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 18:98:c0:d6:e9:3a:fc:f9:b0:f5:0c:f7:4b:01:44:17
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: fa:b7:ee:36:97:26:62:fb:2d:b0:2a:f6:bf:03:fd:e8:7c:4b:2f:9b
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Subject: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Label: "NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny"
+# Serial: 80544274841616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c5:a1:b7:ff:73:dd:d6:d7:34:32:18:df:fc:3c:ad:88
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 06:08:3f:59:3f:15:a1:04:a0:69:a4:6b:a9:03:d0:06:b7:97:09:91
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6c:61:da:c3:a2:de:f0:31:50:6b:e0:36:d2:a6:fe:40:19:94:fb:d1:3d:f9:c8:d4:66:59:92:74:c4:46:ec:98
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 1 O=Hongkong Post
+# Subject: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 1 O=Hongkong Post
+# Label: "Hongkong Post Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 1000
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a8:0d:6f:39:78:b9:43:6d:77:42:6d:98:5a:cc:23:ca
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d6:da:a8:20:8d:09:d2:15:4d:24:b5:2f:cb:34:6e:b2:58:b2:8a:58
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureSign RootCA11 O=Japan Certification Services, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=SecureSign RootCA11 O=Japan Certification Services, Inc.
+# Label: "SecureSign RootCA11"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b7:52:74:e2:92:b4:80:93:f2:75:e4:cc:d7:f2:ea:26
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 3b:c4:9f:48:f8:f3:73:a0:9c:1e:bd:f8:5b:b1:c3:65:c7:d8:11:b3
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009"
+# Serial: 14014712776195784473
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f8:49:f4:03:bc:44:2d:83:be:48:69:7d:29:64:fc:b1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 89:df:74:fe:5c:f4:0f:4a:80:f9:e3:37:7d:54:da:91:e1:01:31:8e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 3c:5f:81:fe:a5:fa:b8:2c:64:bf:a2:ea:ec:af:cd:e8:e0:77:fc:86:20:a7:ca:e5:37:16:3d:f3:6e:db:f3:78
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R3"
+# Serial: 4835703278459759426209954
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c5:df:b8:49:ca:05:13:55:ee:2d:ba:1a:c3:3e:b0:28
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d6:9b:56:11:48:f0:1c:77:c5:45:78:c1:09:26:df:5b:85:69:76:ad
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Subject: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Label: "Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Izenpe.com O=IZENPE S.A.
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+# Label: "Izenpe.com"
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+# Issuer: CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=GoDaddy.com, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=GoDaddy.com, Inc.
+# Label: "Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Commercial"
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Networking"
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Premium"
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+
+# Issuer: CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC O=AffirmTrust
+# Subject: CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC O=AffirmTrust
+# Label: "AffirmTrust Premium ECC"
+# Serial: 8401224907861490260
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Subject: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Label: "Security Communication RootCA2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=EC-ACC O=Agencia Catalana de Certificacio (NIF Q-0801176-I) OU=Serveis Publics de Certificacio/Vegeu https://www.catcert.net/verarrel (c)03/Jerarquia Entitats de Certificacio Catalanes
+# Subject: CN=EC-ACC O=Agencia Catalana de Certificacio (NIF Q-0801176-I) OU=Serveis Publics de Certificacio/Vegeu https://www.catcert.net/verarrel (c)03/Jerarquia Entitats de Certificacio Catalanes
+# Label: "EC-ACC"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions RootCA 2011 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions Cert. Authority
+# Subject: CN=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions RootCA 2011 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions Cert. Authority
+# Label: "Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions RootCA 2011"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Subject: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Label: "Actalis Authentication Root CA"
+# Serial: 6271844772424770508
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 2 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 3 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009"
+# Serial: 623603
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009"
+# Serial: 623604
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Subject: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Label: "CA Disig Root R2"
+# Serial: 10572350602393338211
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Subject: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Label: "ACCVRAIZ1"
+# Serial: 6828503384748696800
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 3262
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f9:03:7e:cf:e6:9e:3c:73:7a:2a:90:07:69:ff:2b:96
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TeliaSonera Root CA v1 O=TeliaSonera
+# Subject: CN=TeliaSonera Root CA v1 O=TeliaSonera
+# Label: "TeliaSonera Root CA v1"
+# Serial: 199041966741090107964904287217786801558
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 37:41:49:1b:18:56:9a:26:f5:ad:c2:66:fb:40:a5:4c
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=E-Tugra Certification Authority O=E-Tu\u011fra EBG Bili\u015fim Teknolojileri ve Hizmetleri A.\u015e. OU=E-Tugra Sertifikasyon Merkezi
+# Subject: CN=E-Tugra Certification Authority O=E-Tu\u011fra EBG Bili\u015fim Teknolojileri ve Hizmetleri A.\u015e. OU=E-Tugra Sertifikasyon Merkezi
+# Label: "E-Tugra Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 7667447206703254355
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b8:a1:03:63:b0:bd:21:71:70:8a:6f:13:3a:bb:79:49
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 51:c6:e7:08:49:06:6e:f3:92:d4:5c:a0:0d:6d:a3:62:8f:c3:52:39
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2b:9b:9e:e4:7b:6c:1f:00:72:1a:cc:c1:77:79:df:6a
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 59:0d:2d:7d:88:4f:40:2e:61:7e:a5:62:32:17:65:cf:17:d8:94:e9
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 91:e2:f5:78:8d:58:10:eb:a7:ba:58:73:7d:e1:54:8a:8e:ca:cd:01:45:98:bc:0b:14:3e:04:1b:17:05:25:52
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot 2011"
+# Serial: 6643877497813316402
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ae:b9:c4:32:4b:ac:7f:5d:66:cc:77:94:bb:2a:77:56
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3"
+# Serial: 687049649626669250736271037606554624078720034195
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a4:bc:5b:3f:fe:37:9a:fa:64:f0:e2:fa:05:3d:0b:ab
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3"
+# Serial: 390156079458959257446133169266079962026824725800
+# MD5 Fingerprint: af:0c:86:6e:bf:40:2d:7f:0b:3e:12:50:ba:12:3d:06
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 09:3c:61:f3:8b:8b:dc:7d:55:df:75:38:02:05:00:e1:25:f5:c8:36
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3"
+# Serial: 268090761170461462463995952157327242137089239581
+# MD5 Fingerprint: df:7d:b9:ad:54:6f:68:a1:df:89:57:03:97:43:b0:d7
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 48:12:bd:92:3c:a8:c4:39:06:e7:30:6d:27:96:e6:a4:cf:22:2e:7d
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G2"
+# Serial: 15385348160840213938643033620894905419
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 92:38:b9:f8:63:24:82:65:2c:57:33:e6:fe:81:8f:9d
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a1:4b:48:d9:43:ee:0a:0e:40:90:4f:3c:e0:a4:c0:91:93:51:5d:3f
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 7d:05:eb:b6:82:33:9f:8c:94:51:ee:09:4e:eb:fe:fa:79:53:a1:14:ed:b2:f4:49:49:45:2f:ab:7d:2f:c1:85
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G3"
+# Serial: 15459312981008553731928384953135426796
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:7f:65:31:0c:81:df:8d:ba:3e:99:e2:5c:ad:6e:fb
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f5:17:a2:4f:9a:48:c6:c9:f8:a2:00:26:9f:dc:0f:48:2c:ab:30:89
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 7e:37:cb:8b:4c:47:09:0c:ab:36:55:1b:a6:f4:5d:b8:40:68:0f:ba:16:6a:95:2d:b1:00:71:7f:43:05:3f:c2
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G2"
+# Serial: 4293743540046975378534879503202253541
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e4:a6:8a:c8:54:ac:52:42:46:0a:fd:72:48:1b:2a:44
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G3"
+# Serial: 7089244469030293291760083333884364146
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Trusted Root G4"
+# Serial: 7451500558977370777930084869016614236
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 101909084537582093308941363524873193117
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:31:b0:71:40:36:cc:14:36:91:ad:c4:3e:fd:ec:18
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: af:e5:d2:44:a8:d1:19:42:30:ff:47:9f:e2:f8:97:bb:cd:7a:8c:b4
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 52:f0:e1:c4:e5:8e:c6:29:29:1b:60:31:7f:07:46:71:b8:5d:7e:a8:0d:5b:07:27:34:63:53:4b:32:b4:02:34
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2645093764781058787591871645665788717
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:fe:69:d1:91:b7:19:33:a3:72:a8:0f:e1:55:e5:b5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 2b:8f:1b:57:33:0d:bb:a2:d0:7a:6c:51:f7:0e:e9:0d:da:b9:ad:8e
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 123013823720199481456569720443997572134
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4"
+# Serial: 14367148294922964480859022125800977897474
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5"
+# Serial: 32785792099990507226680698011560947931244
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Staat der Nederlanden EV Root CA O=Staat der Nederlanden
+# Subject: CN=Staat der Nederlanden EV Root CA O=Staat der Nederlanden
+# Label: "Staat der Nederlanden EV Root CA"
+# Serial: 10000013
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390520003877796839426
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b3:3e:77:73:75:ee:a0:d3:e3:7e:49:63:49:59:bb:c7
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390521976156843933698
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 37:06:a5:b0:fc:89:9d:ba:f4:6b:8c:1a:64:cd:d5:ba
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 1246989352
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2012 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2012 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1"
+# Serial: 51543124481930649114116133369
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b6:7e:1d:f0:58:c5:49:6c:24:3b:3d:ed:98:18:ed:bc
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Label: "CFCA EV ROOT"
+# Serial: 407555286
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA"
+# Serial: 157768595616588414422159278966750757568
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a4:eb:b9:61:28:2e:b7:2f:98:b0:35:26:90:99:51:1d
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2 O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A.
+# Subject: CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2 O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A.
+# Label: "SZAFIR ROOT CA2"
+# Serial: 357043034767186914217277344587386743377558296292
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 11:64:c1:89:b0:24:b1:8c:b1:07:7e:89:9e:51:9e:99
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2 O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2 O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA 2"
+# Serial: 44979900017204383099463764357512596969
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 2"
+# Serial: 143266982885963551818349160658925006970653239
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c8:e5:8d:ce:a8:42:e2:7a:c0:2a:5c:7c:9e:26:bf:66
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 143266986699090766294700635381230934788665930
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a0:d4:ef:0b:f7:b5:d8:49:95:2a:ec:f5:c4:fc:81:87
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0d:44:dd:8c:3c:8c:1a:1a:58:75:64:81:e9:0f:2e:2a:ff:b3:d2:6e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 18:ce:6c:fe:7b:f1:4e:60:b2:e3:47:b8:df:e8:68:cb:31:d0:2e:bb:3a:da:27:15:69:f5:03:43:b4:6d:b3:a4
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 4"
+# Serial: 143266989758080763974105200630763877849284878
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 89:bc:27:d5:eb:17:8d:06:6a:69:d5:fd:89:47:b4:cd
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Subject: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Label: "TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: dc:00:81:dc:69:2f:3e:2f:b0:3b:f6:3d:5a:91:8e:49
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT"
+# Serial: 9009899650740120186
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 63:cc:d9:3d:34:35:5c:6f:53:a3:e2:08:70:48:1f:b4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0f:36:38:5b:81:1a:25:c3:9b:31:4e:83:ca:e9:34:66:70:cc:74:b4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustCor RootCert CA-1 O=TrustCor Systems S. de R.L. OU=TrustCor Certificate Authority
+# Subject: CN=TrustCor RootCert CA-1 O=TrustCor Systems S. de R.L. OU=TrustCor Certificate Authority
+# Label: "TrustCor RootCert CA-1"
+# Serial: 15752444095811006489
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 6e:85:f1:dc:1a:00:d3:22:d5:b2:b2:ac:6b:37:05:45
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: ff:bd:cd:e7:82:c8:43:5e:3c:6f:26:86:5c:ca:a8:3a:45:5b:c3:0a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustCor RootCert CA-2 O=TrustCor Systems S. de R.L. OU=TrustCor Certificate Authority
+# Subject: CN=TrustCor RootCert CA-2 O=TrustCor Systems S. de R.L. OU=TrustCor Certificate Authority
+# Label: "TrustCor RootCert CA-2"
+# Serial: 2711694510199101698
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a2:e1:f8:18:0b:ba:45:d5:c7:41:2a:bb:37:52:45:64
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustCor ECA-1 O=TrustCor Systems S. de R.L. OU=TrustCor Certificate Authority
+# Subject: CN=TrustCor ECA-1 O=TrustCor Systems S. de R.L. OU=TrustCor Certificate Authority
+# Label: "TrustCor ECA-1"
+# Serial: 9548242946988625984
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA"
+# Serial: 8875640296558310041
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 86:69:12:c0:70:f1:ec:ac:ac:c2:d5:bc:a5:5b:a1:29
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b7:ab:33:08:d1:ea:44:77:ba:14:80:12:5a:6f:bd:a9:36:49:0c:bb
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 8495723813297216424
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2e:da:e4:39:7f:9c:8f:37:d1:70:9f:26:17:51:3a:8e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: c3:19:7c:39:24:e6:54:af:1b:c4:ab:20:95:7a:e2:c3:0e:13:02:6a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2"
+# Serial: 6248227494352943350
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e1:1e:31:58:1a:ae:54:53:02:f6:17:6a:11:7b:4d:95
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 74:3a:f0:52:9b:d0:32:a0:f4:4a:83:cd:d4:ba:a9:7b:7c:2e:c4:9a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2e:7b:f1:6c:c2:24:85:a7:bb:e2:aa:86:96:75:07:61:b0:ae:39:be:3b:2f:e9:d0:cc:6d:4e:f7:34:91:42:5c
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 3182246526754555285
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 59:53:22:65:83:42:01:54:c0:ce:42:b9:5a:7c:f2:90
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 4c:dd:51:a3:d1:f5:20:32:14:b0:c6:c5:32:23:03:91:c7:46:42:6d
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 22:a2:c1:f7:bd:ed:70:4c:c1:e7:01:b5:f4:08:c3:10:88:0f:e9:56:b5:de:2a:4a:44:f9:9c:87:3a:25:a7:c8
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R6"
+# Serial: 1417766617973444989252670301619537
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 4f:dd:07:e4:d4:22:64:39:1e:0c:37:42:ea:d1:c6:ae
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 80:94:64:0e:b5:a7:a1:ca:11:9c:1f:dd:d5:9f:81:02:63:a7:fb:d1
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2c:ab:ea:fe:37:d0:6c:a2:2a:ba:73:91:c0:03:3d:25:98:29:52:c4:53:64:73:49:76:3a:3a:b5:ad:6c:cf:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA"
+# Serial: 44084345621038548146064804565436152554
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a9:d6:b9:2d:2f:93:64:f8:a5:69:ca:91:e9:68:07:23
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: e0:11:84:5e:34:de:be:88:81:b9:9c:f6:16:26:d1:96:1f:c3:b9:31
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 85:60:f9:1c:36:24:da:ba:95:70:b5:fe:a0:db:e3:6f:f1:1a:83:23:be:94:86:85:4f:b3:f3:4a:55:71:19:8d
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R1"
+# Serial: 146587175971765017618439757810265552097
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 82:1a:ef:d4:d2:4a:f2:9f:e2:3d:97:06:14:70:72:85
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: e1:c9:50:e6:ef:22:f8:4c:56:45:72:8b:92:20:60:d7:d5:a7:a3:e8
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R2 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R2 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R2"
+# Serial: 146587176055767053814479386953112547951
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 44:ed:9a:0e:a4:09:3b:00:f2:ae:4c:a3:c6:61:b0:8b
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d2:73:96:2a:2a:5e:39:9f:73:3f:e1:c7:1e:64:3f:03:38:34:fc:4d
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R3"
+# Serial: 146587176140553309517047991083707763997
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1a:79:5b:6b:04:52:9c:5d:c7:74:33:1b:25:9a:f9:25
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 30:d4:24:6f:07:ff:db:91:89:8a:0b:e9:49:66:11:eb:8c:5e:46:e5
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R4"
+# Serial: 146587176229350439916519468929765261721
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 5d:b6:6a:c4:60:17:24:6a:1a:99:a8:4b:ee:5e:b4:26
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Global G2 Root"
+# Serial: 124779693093741543919145257850076631279
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Extended Validation Root"
+# Serial: 106100277556486529736699587978573607008
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a1:f3:5f:43:c6:34:9b:da:bf:8c:7e:05:53:ad:96:e2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Subject: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Label: "Certigna Root CA"
+# Serial: 269714418870597844693661054334862075617
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - G1"
+# Serial: 235931866688319308814040
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9c:42:84:57:dd:cb:0b:a7:2e:95:ad:b6:f3:da:bc:ac
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 8a:c7:ad:8f:73:ac:4e:c1:b5:75:4d:a5:40:f4:fc:cf:7c:b5:8e:8c
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - G3"
+# Serial: 287880440101571086945156
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ce:0b:72:d1:9f:88:8e:d0:50:03:e8:e3:b8:8b:67:40
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 30:43:fa:4f:f2:57:dc:a0:c3:80:ee:2e:58:ea:78:b2:3f:e6:bb:c1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - C1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - C3"
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+# Issuer: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Subject: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Label: "Hongkong Post Root CA 3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2015 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2015 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4"
+# Serial: 289383649854506086828220374796556676440
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 136839042543790627607696632466672567020
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 40975477897264996090493496164228220339
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "e-Szigno Root CA 2017"
+# Serial: 411379200276854331539784714
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Subject: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Label: "certSIGN Root CA G2"
+# Serial: 313609486401300475190
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1846098327275375458322922162
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 4151900041497450638097112925
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 5b:44:e3:8d:5d:36:86:26:e8:0d:05:d2:59:a7:83:54
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2704997926503831671788816187
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ea:cf:60:c4:3b:b9:15:29:40:a1:97:ed:78:27:93:d6
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Subject: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Label: "NAVER Global Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 9013692873798656336226253319739695165984492813
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c8:7e:41:f6:25:3b:f5:09:b3:17:e8:46:3d:bf:d0:9b
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Subject: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Label: "AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS"
+# Serial: 131542671362353147877283741781055151509
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root R46"
+# Serial: 1552617688466950547958867513931858518042577
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root E46"
+# Serial: 1552617690338932563915843282459653771421763
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GLOBALTRUST 2020 O=e-commerce monitoring GmbH
+# Subject: CN=GLOBALTRUST 2020 O=e-commerce monitoring GmbH
+# Label: "GLOBALTRUST 2020"
+# Serial: 109160994242082918454945253
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 8a:c7:6f:cb:6d:e3:cc:a2:f1:7c:83:fa:0e:78:d7:e8
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Subject: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Label: "ANF Secure Server Root CA"
+# Serial: 996390341000653745
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:a6:44:5a:d9:af:4e:2f:b2:1d:b6:65:b0:4e:e8:96
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+tt7VMVgWglvquxl1AnMaykgaIZOQCo6ThKd9OyMYkomgjaw=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum EC-384 CA"
+# Serial: 160250656287871593594747141429395092468
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b6:65:b3:96:60:97:12:a1:ec:4e:e1:3d:a3:c6:c9:f1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f3:3e:78:3c:ac:df:f4:a2:cc:ac:67:55:69:56:d7:e5:16:3c:e1:ed
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6b:32:80:85:62:53:18:aa:50:d1:73:c9:8d:8b:da:09:d5:7e:27:41:3d:11:4c:f7:87:a0:f5:d0:6c:03:0c:f6
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIICZTCCAeugAwIBAgIQeI8nXIESUiClBNAt3bpz9DAKBggqhkjOPQQDAzB0MQsw
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+nvuRlydd3LBbMHHOXjgaatkl5+r3YZJW+OraNsKHZZYuciUvf9/DE8k=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Root CA"
+# Serial: 40870380103424195783807378461123655149
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 51:e1:c2:e7:fe:4c:84:af:59:0e:2f:f4:54:6f:ea:29
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: c8:83:44:c0:18:ae:9f:cc:f1:87:b7:8f:22:d1:c5:d7:45:84:ba:e5
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: fe:76:96:57:38:55:77:3e:37:a9:5e:7a:d4:d9:cc:96:c3:01:57:c1:5d:31:76:5b:a9:b1:57:04:e1:ae:78:fd
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIFwDCCA6igAwIBAgIQHr9ZULjJgDdMBvfrVU+17TANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0FADB6
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+E2Efv4WstK2tBZQIgx51F9NxO5NQI1mg7TyRVJ12AMXDuDjb
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/packages/certifi/core.py b/packages/certifi/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d2b8cd32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/certifi/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+certifi.py
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the installation location of cacert.pem or its contents.
+"""
+import os
+
+try:
+    from importlib.resources import path as get_path, read_text
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where():
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the file
+        # in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until someone
+        # actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract the file
+        # on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store it in a
+        # global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you to
+            # manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually return a
+            # path, it returns a context manager that will give you the path
+            # when you enter it and will do any cleanup when you leave it. In
+            # the common case of not needing a temporary file, it will just
+            # return the file system location and the __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = get_path("certifi", "cacert.pem")
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+
+except ImportError:
+    # This fallback will work for Python versions prior to 3.7 that lack the
+    # importlib.resources module but relies on the existing `where` function
+    # so won't address issues with environments like PyOxidizer that don't set
+    # __file__ on modules.
+    def read_text(_module, _path, encoding="ascii"):
+        with open(where(), "r", encoding=encoding) as data:
+            return data.read()
+
+    # If we don't have importlib.resources, then we will just do the old logic
+    # of assuming we're on the filesystem and munge the path directly.
+    def where():
+        f = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+        return os.path.join(f, "cacert.pem")
+
+
+def contents():
+    return read_text("certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")
diff --git a/packages/h11/__init__.py b/packages/h11/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae39e0120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# A highish-level implementation of the HTTP/1.1 wire protocol (RFC 7230),
+# containing no networking code at all, loosely modelled on hyper-h2's generic
+# implementation of HTTP/2 (and in particular the h2.connection.H2Connection
+# class). There's still a bunch of subtle details you need to get right if you
+# want to make this actually useful, because it doesn't implement all the
+# semantics to check that what you're asking to write to the wire is sensible,
+# but at least it gets you out of dealing with the wire itself.
+
+from ._connection import *
+from ._events import *
+from ._state import *
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, ProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError
+from ._version import __version__
+
+PRODUCT_ID = "python-h11/" + __version__
+
+
+__all__ = ["ProtocolError", "LocalProtocolError", "RemoteProtocolError"]
+__all__ += _events.__all__
+__all__ += _connection.__all__
+__all__ += _state.__all__
diff --git a/packages/h11/_abnf.py b/packages/h11/_abnf.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6d49e1ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/_abnf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# We use native strings for all the re patterns, to take advantage of string
+# formatting, and then convert to bytestrings when compiling the final re
+# objects.
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#whitespace
+#  OWS            = *( SP / HTAB )
+#                 ; optional whitespace
+OWS = r"[ \t]*"
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#rule.token.separators
+#   token          = 1*tchar
+#
+#   tchar          = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*"
+#                  / "+" / "-" / "." / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
+#                  / DIGIT / ALPHA
+#                  ; any VCHAR, except delimiters
+token = r"[-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+"
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#header.fields
+#  field-name     = token
+field_name = token
+
+# The standard says:
+#
+#  field-value    = *( field-content / obs-fold )
+#  field-content  = field-vchar [ 1*( SP / HTAB ) field-vchar ]
+#  field-vchar    = VCHAR / obs-text
+#  obs-fold       = CRLF 1*( SP / HTAB )
+#                 ; obsolete line folding
+#                 ; see Section 3.2.4
+#
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234#appendix-B.1
+#
+#   VCHAR          =  %x21-7E
+#                  ; visible (printing) characters
+#
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#rule.quoted-string
+#   obs-text       = %x80-FF
+#
+# However, the standard definition of field-content is WRONG! It disallows
+# fields containing a single visible character surrounded by whitespace,
+# e.g. "foo a bar".
+#
+# See: https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=7230&eid=4189
+#
+# So our definition of field_content attempts to fix it up...
+#
+# Also, we allow lots of control characters, because apparently people assume
+# that they're legal in practice (e.g., google analytics makes cookies with
+# \x01 in them!):
+#   https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/issues/57
+# We still don't allow NUL or whitespace, because those are often treated as
+# meta-characters and letting them through can lead to nasty issues like SSRF.
+vchar = r"[\x21-\x7e]"
+vchar_or_obs_text = r"[^\x00\s]"
+field_vchar = vchar_or_obs_text
+field_content = r"{field_vchar}+(?:[ \t]+{field_vchar}+)*".format(**globals())
+
+# We handle obs-fold at a different level, and our fixed-up field_content
+# already grows to swallow the whole value, so ? instead of *
+field_value = r"({field_content})?".format(**globals())
+
+#  header-field   = field-name ":" OWS field-value OWS
+header_field = (
+    r"(?P<field_name>{field_name})"
+    r":"
+    r"{OWS}"
+    r"(?P<field_value>{field_value})"
+    r"{OWS}".format(**globals())
+)
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#request.line
+#
+#   request-line   = method SP request-target SP HTTP-version CRLF
+#   method         = token
+#   HTTP-version   = HTTP-name "/" DIGIT "." DIGIT
+#   HTTP-name      = %x48.54.54.50 ; "HTTP", case-sensitive
+#
+# request-target is complicated (see RFC 7230 sec 5.3) -- could be path, full
+# URL, host+port (for connect), or even "*", but in any case we are guaranteed
+# that it contists of the visible printing characters.
+method = token
+request_target = r"{vchar}+".format(**globals())
+http_version = r"HTTP/(?P<http_version>[0-9]\.[0-9])"
+request_line = (
+    r"(?P<method>{method})"
+    r" "
+    r"(?P<target>{request_target})"
+    r" "
+    r"{http_version}".format(**globals())
+)
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#status.line
+#
+#   status-line = HTTP-version SP status-code SP reason-phrase CRLF
+#   status-code    = 3DIGIT
+#   reason-phrase  = *( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )
+status_code = r"[0-9]{3}"
+reason_phrase = r"([ \t]|{vchar_or_obs_text})*".format(**globals())
+status_line = (
+    r"{http_version}"
+    r" "
+    r"(?P<status_code>{status_code})"
+    # However, there are apparently a few too many servers out there that just
+    # leave out the reason phrase:
+    #   https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/345#issuecomment-281756036
+    #   https://github.com/seanmonstar/httparse/issues/29
+    # so make it optional. ?: is a non-capturing group.
+    r"(?: (?P<reason>{reason_phrase}))?".format(**globals())
+)
+
+HEXDIG = r"[0-9A-Fa-f]"
+# Actually
+#
+#      chunk-size     = 1*HEXDIG
+#
+# but we impose an upper-limit to avoid ridiculosity. len(str(2**64)) == 20
+chunk_size = r"({HEXDIG}){{1,20}}".format(**globals())
+# Actually
+#
+#     chunk-ext      = *( ";" chunk-ext-name [ "=" chunk-ext-val ] )
+#
+# but we aren't parsing the things so we don't really care.
+chunk_ext = r";.*"
+chunk_header = (
+    r"(?P<chunk_size>{chunk_size})"
+    r"(?P<chunk_ext>{chunk_ext})?"
+    r"\r\n".format(**globals())
+)
diff --git a/packages/h11/_connection.py b/packages/h11/_connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f796ef51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/_connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+# This contains the main Connection class. Everything in h11 revolves around
+# this.
+
+from ._events import *  # Import all event types
+from ._headers import get_comma_header, has_expect_100_continue, set_comma_header
+from ._readers import READERS
+from ._receivebuffer import ReceiveBuffer
+from ._state import *  # Import all state sentinels
+from ._state import _SWITCH_CONNECT, _SWITCH_UPGRADE, ConnectionState
+from ._util import (  # Import the internal things we need
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    make_sentinel,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+)
+from ._writers import WRITERS
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = ["Connection", "NEED_DATA", "PAUSED"]
+
+NEED_DATA = make_sentinel("NEED_DATA")
+PAUSED = make_sentinel("PAUSED")
+
+# If we ever have this much buffered without it making a complete parseable
+# event, we error out. The only time we really buffer is when reading the
+# request/reponse line + headers together, so this is effectively the limit on
+# the size of that.
+#
+# Some precedents for defaults:
+# - node.js: 80 * 1024
+# - tomcat: 8 * 1024
+# - IIS: 16 * 1024
+# - Apache: <8 KiB per line>
+DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 16 * 1024
+
+# RFC 7230's rules for connection lifecycles:
+# - If either side says they want to close the connection, then the connection
+#   must close.
+# - HTTP/1.1 defaults to keep-alive unless someone says Connection: close
+# - HTTP/1.0 defaults to close unless both sides say Connection: keep-alive
+#   (and even this is a mess -- e.g. if you're implementing a proxy then
+#   sending Connection: keep-alive is forbidden).
+#
+# We simplify life by simply not supporting keep-alive with HTTP/1.0 peers. So
+# our rule is:
+# - If someone says Connection: close, we will close
+# - If someone uses HTTP/1.0, we will close.
+def _keep_alive(event):
+    connection = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"connection")
+    if b"close" in connection:
+        return False
+    if getattr(event, "http_version", b"1.1") < b"1.1":
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _body_framing(request_method, event):
+    # Called when we enter SEND_BODY to figure out framing information for
+    # this body.
+    #
+    # These are the only two events that can trigger a SEND_BODY state:
+    assert type(event) in (Request, Response)
+    # Returns one of:
+    #
+    #    ("content-length", count)
+    #    ("chunked", ())
+    #    ("http/1.0", ())
+    #
+    # which are (lookup key, *args) for constructing body reader/writer
+    # objects.
+    #
+    # Reference: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.3
+    #
+    # Step 1: some responses always have an empty body, regardless of what the
+    # headers say.
+    if type(event) is Response:
+        if (
+            event.status_code in (204, 304)
+            or request_method == b"HEAD"
+            or (request_method == b"CONNECT" and 200 <= event.status_code < 300)
+        ):
+            return ("content-length", (0,))
+        # Section 3.3.3 also lists another case -- responses with status_code
+        # < 200. For us these are InformationalResponses, not Responses, so
+        # they can't get into this function in the first place.
+        assert event.status_code >= 200
+
+    # Step 2: check for Transfer-Encoding (T-E beats C-L):
+    transfer_encodings = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"transfer-encoding")
+    if transfer_encodings:
+        assert transfer_encodings == [b"chunked"]
+        return ("chunked", ())
+
+    # Step 3: check for Content-Length
+    content_lengths = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"content-length")
+    if content_lengths:
+        return ("content-length", (int(content_lengths[0]),))
+
+    # Step 4: no applicable headers; fallback/default depends on type
+    if type(event) is Request:
+        return ("content-length", (0,))
+    else:
+        return ("http/1.0", ())
+
+
+################################################################
+#
+# The main Connection class
+#
+################################################################
+
+
+class Connection:
+    """An object encapsulating the state of an HTTP connection.
+
+    Args:
+        our_role: If you're implementing a client, pass :data:`h11.CLIENT`. If
+            you're implementing a server, pass :data:`h11.SERVER`.
+
+        max_incomplete_event_size (int):
+            The maximum number of bytes we're willing to buffer of an
+            incomplete event. In practice this mostly sets a limit on the
+            maximum size of the request/response line + headers. If this is
+            exceeded, then :meth:`next_event` will raise
+            :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, our_role, max_incomplete_event_size=DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE
+    ):
+        self._max_incomplete_event_size = max_incomplete_event_size
+        # State and role tracking
+        if our_role not in (CLIENT, SERVER):
+            raise ValueError("expected CLIENT or SERVER, not {!r}".format(our_role))
+        self.our_role = our_role
+        if our_role is CLIENT:
+            self.their_role = SERVER
+        else:
+            self.their_role = CLIENT
+        self._cstate = ConnectionState()
+
+        # Callables for converting data->events or vice-versa given the
+        # current state
+        self._writer = self._get_io_object(self.our_role, None, WRITERS)
+        self._reader = self._get_io_object(self.their_role, None, READERS)
+
+        # Holds any unprocessed received data
+        self._receive_buffer = ReceiveBuffer()
+        # If this is true, then it indicates that the incoming connection was
+        # closed *after* the end of whatever's in self._receive_buffer:
+        self._receive_buffer_closed = False
+
+        # Extra bits of state that don't fit into the state machine.
+        #
+        # These two are only used to interpret framing headers for figuring
+        # out how to read/write response bodies. their_http_version is also
+        # made available as a convenient public API.
+        self.their_http_version = None
+        self._request_method = None
+        # This is pure flow-control and doesn't at all affect the set of legal
+        # transitions, so no need to bother ConnectionState with it:
+        self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+    @property
+    def states(self):
+        """A dictionary like::
+
+           {CLIENT: <client state>, SERVER: <server state>}
+
+        See :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+
+        """
+        return dict(self._cstate.states)
+
+    @property
+    def our_state(self):
+        """The current state of whichever role we are playing. See
+        :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+        """
+        return self._cstate.states[self.our_role]
+
+    @property
+    def their_state(self):
+        """The current state of whichever role we are NOT playing. See
+        :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+        """
+        return self._cstate.states[self.their_role]
+
+    @property
+    def they_are_waiting_for_100_continue(self):
+        return self.their_role is CLIENT and self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+
+    def start_next_cycle(self):
+        """Attempt to reset our connection state for a new request/response
+        cycle.
+
+        If both client and server are in :data:`DONE` state, then resets them
+        both to :data:`IDLE` state in preparation for a new request/response
+        cycle on this same connection. Otherwise, raises a
+        :exc:`LocalProtocolError`.
+
+        See :ref:`keepalive-and-pipelining`.
+
+        """
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        self._cstate.start_next_cycle()
+        self._request_method = None
+        # self.their_http_version gets left alone, since it presumably lasts
+        # beyond a single request/response cycle
+        assert not self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states)
+
+    def _process_error(self, role):
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        self._cstate.process_error(role)
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states)
+
+    def _server_switch_event(self, event):
+        if type(event) is InformationalResponse and event.status_code == 101:
+            return _SWITCH_UPGRADE
+        if type(event) is Response:
+            if (
+                _SWITCH_CONNECT in self._cstate.pending_switch_proposals
+                and 200 <= event.status_code < 300
+            ):
+                return _SWITCH_CONNECT
+        return None
+
+    # All events go through here
+    def _process_event(self, role, event):
+        # First, pass the event through the state machine to make sure it
+        # succeeds.
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        if role is CLIENT and type(event) is Request:
+            if event.method == b"CONNECT":
+                self._cstate.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_CONNECT)
+            if get_comma_header(event.headers, b"upgrade"):
+                self._cstate.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_UPGRADE)
+        server_switch_event = None
+        if role is SERVER:
+            server_switch_event = self._server_switch_event(event)
+        self._cstate.process_event(role, type(event), server_switch_event)
+
+        # Then perform the updates triggered by it.
+
+        # self._request_method
+        if type(event) is Request:
+            self._request_method = event.method
+
+        # self.their_http_version
+        if role is self.their_role and type(event) in (
+            Request,
+            Response,
+            InformationalResponse,
+        ):
+            self.their_http_version = event.http_version
+
+        # Keep alive handling
+        #
+        # RFC 7230 doesn't really say what one should do if Connection: close
+        # shows up on a 1xx InformationalResponse. I think the idea is that
+        # this is not supposed to happen. In any case, if it does happen, we
+        # ignore it.
+        if type(event) in (Request, Response) and not _keep_alive(event):
+            self._cstate.process_keep_alive_disabled()
+
+        # 100-continue
+        if type(event) is Request and has_expect_100_continue(event):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = True
+        if type(event) in (InformationalResponse, Response):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+        if role is CLIENT and type(event) in (Data, EndOfMessage):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states, event)
+
+    def _get_io_object(self, role, event, io_dict):
+        # event may be None; it's only used when entering SEND_BODY
+        state = self._cstate.states[role]
+        if state is SEND_BODY:
+            # Special case: the io_dict has a dict of reader/writer factories
+            # that depend on the request/response framing.
+            framing_type, args = _body_framing(self._request_method, event)
+            return io_dict[SEND_BODY][framing_type](*args)
+        else:
+            # General case: the io_dict just has the appropriate reader/writer
+            # for this state
+            return io_dict.get((role, state))
+
+    # This must be called after any action that might have caused
+    # self._cstate.states to change.
+    def _respond_to_state_changes(self, old_states, event=None):
+        # Update reader/writer
+        if self.our_state != old_states[self.our_role]:
+            self._writer = self._get_io_object(self.our_role, event, WRITERS)
+        if self.their_state != old_states[self.their_role]:
+            self._reader = self._get_io_object(self.their_role, event, READERS)
+
+    @property
+    def trailing_data(self):
+        """Data that has been received, but not yet processed, represented as
+        a tuple with two elements, where the first is a byte-string containing
+        the unprocessed data itself, and the second is a bool that is True if
+        the receive connection was closed.
+
+        See :ref:`switching-protocols` for discussion of why you'd want this.
+        """
+        return (bytes(self._receive_buffer), self._receive_buffer_closed)
+
+    def receive_data(self, data):
+        """Add data to our internal receive buffer.
+
+        This does not actually do any processing on the data, just stores
+        it. To trigger processing, you have to call :meth:`next_event`.
+
+        Args:
+            data (:term:`bytes-like object`):
+                The new data that was just received.
+
+                Special case: If *data* is an empty byte-string like ``b""``,
+                then this indicates that the remote side has closed the
+                connection (end of file). Normally this is convenient, because
+                standard Python APIs like :meth:`file.read` or
+                :meth:`socket.recv` use ``b""`` to indicate end-of-file, while
+                other failures to read are indicated using other mechanisms
+                like raising :exc:`TimeoutError`. When using such an API you
+                can just blindly pass through whatever you get from ``read``
+                to :meth:`receive_data`, and everything will work.
+
+                But, if you have an API where reading an empty string is a
+                valid non-EOF condition, then you need to be aware of this and
+                make sure to check for such strings and avoid passing them to
+                :meth:`receive_data`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing, but after calling this you should call :meth:`next_event`
+            to parse the newly received data.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError:
+                Raised if you pass an empty *data*, indicating EOF, and then
+                pass a non-empty *data*, indicating more data that somehow
+                arrived after the EOF.
+
+                (Calling ``receive_data(b"")`` multiple times is fine,
+                and equivalent to calling it once.)
+
+        """
+        if data:
+            if self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                raise RuntimeError("received close, then received more data?")
+            self._receive_buffer += data
+        else:
+            self._receive_buffer_closed = True
+
+    def _extract_next_receive_event(self):
+        state = self.their_state
+        # We don't pause immediately when they enter DONE, because even in
+        # DONE state we can still process a ConnectionClosed() event. But
+        # if we have data in our buffer, then we definitely aren't getting
+        # a ConnectionClosed() immediately and we need to pause.
+        if state is DONE and self._receive_buffer:
+            return PAUSED
+        if state is MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL or state is SWITCHED_PROTOCOL:
+            return PAUSED
+        assert self._reader is not None
+        event = self._reader(self._receive_buffer)
+        if event is None:
+            if not self._receive_buffer and self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                # In some unusual cases (basically just HTTP/1.0 bodies), EOF
+                # triggers an actual protocol event; in that case, we want to
+                # return that event, and then the state will change and we'll
+                # get called again to generate the actual ConnectionClosed().
+                if hasattr(self._reader, "read_eof"):
+                    event = self._reader.read_eof()
+                else:
+                    event = ConnectionClosed()
+        if event is None:
+            event = NEED_DATA
+        return event
+
+    def next_event(self):
+        """Parse the next event out of our receive buffer, update our internal
+        state, and return it.
+
+        This is a mutating operation -- think of it like calling :func:`next`
+        on an iterator.
+
+        Returns:
+            : One of three things:
+
+            1) An event object -- see :ref:`events`.
+
+            2) The special constant :data:`NEED_DATA`, which indicates that
+               you need to read more data from your socket and pass it to
+               :meth:`receive_data` before this method will be able to return
+               any more events.
+
+            3) The special constant :data:`PAUSED`, which indicates that we
+               are not in a state where we can process incoming data (usually
+               because the peer has finished their part of the current
+               request/response cycle, and you have not yet called
+               :meth:`start_next_cycle`). See :ref:`flow-control` for details.
+
+        Raises:
+            RemoteProtocolError:
+                The peer has misbehaved. You should close the connection
+                (possibly after sending some kind of 4xx response).
+
+        Once this method returns :class:`ConnectionClosed` once, then all
+        subsequent calls will also return :class:`ConnectionClosed`.
+
+        If this method raises any exception besides :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`
+        then that's a bug -- if it happens please file a bug report!
+
+        If this method raises any exception then it also sets
+        :attr:`Connection.their_state` to :data:`ERROR` -- see
+        :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+
+        if self.their_state is ERROR:
+            raise RemoteProtocolError("Can't receive data when peer state is ERROR")
+        try:
+            event = self._extract_next_receive_event()
+            if event not in [NEED_DATA, PAUSED]:
+                self._process_event(self.their_role, event)
+            if event is NEED_DATA:
+                if len(self._receive_buffer) > self._max_incomplete_event_size:
+                    # 431 is "Request header fields too large" which is pretty
+                    # much the only situation where we can get here
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(
+                        "Receive buffer too long", error_status_hint=431
+                    )
+                if self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                    # We're still trying to complete some event, but that's
+                    # never going to happen because no more data is coming
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError("peer unexpectedly closed connection")
+            return event
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._process_error(self.their_role)
+            if isinstance(exc, LocalProtocolError):
+                exc._reraise_as_remote_protocol_error()
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def send(self, event):
+        """Convert a high-level event into bytes that can be sent to the peer,
+        while updating our internal state machine.
+
+        Args:
+            event: The :ref:`event <events>` to send.
+
+        Returns:
+            If ``type(event) is ConnectionClosed``, then returns
+            ``None``. Otherwise, returns a :term:`bytes-like object`.
+
+        Raises:
+            LocalProtocolError:
+                Sending this event at this time would violate our
+                understanding of the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
+
+        If this method raises any exception then it also sets
+        :attr:`Connection.our_state` to :data:`ERROR` -- see
+        :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        data_list = self.send_with_data_passthrough(event)
+        if data_list is None:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return b"".join(data_list)
+
+    def send_with_data_passthrough(self, event):
+        """Identical to :meth:`send`, except that in situations where
+        :meth:`send` returns a single :term:`bytes-like object`, this instead
+        returns a list of them -- and when sending a :class:`Data` event, this
+        list is guaranteed to contain the exact object you passed in as
+        :attr:`Data.data`. See :ref:`sendfile` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        if self.our_state is ERROR:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Can't send data when our state is ERROR")
+        try:
+            if type(event) is Response:
+                self._clean_up_response_headers_for_sending(event)
+            # We want to call _process_event before calling the writer,
+            # because if someone tries to do something invalid then this will
+            # give a sensible error message, while our writers all just assume
+            # they will only receive valid events. But, _process_event might
+            # change self._writer. So we have to do a little dance:
+            writer = self._writer
+            self._process_event(self.our_role, event)
+            if type(event) is ConnectionClosed:
+                return None
+            else:
+                # In any situation where writer is None, process_event should
+                # have raised ProtocolError
+                assert writer is not None
+                data_list = []
+                writer(event, data_list.append)
+                return data_list
+        except:
+            self._process_error(self.our_role)
+            raise
+
+    def send_failed(self):
+        """Notify the state machine that we failed to send the data it gave
+        us.
+
+        This causes :attr:`Connection.our_state` to immediately become
+        :data:`ERROR` -- see :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        self._process_error(self.our_role)
+
+    # When sending a Response, we take responsibility for a few things:
+    #
+    # - Sometimes you MUST set Connection: close. We take care of those
+    #   times. (You can also set it yourself if you want, and if you do then
+    #   we'll respect that and close the connection at the right time. But you
+    #   don't have to worry about that unless you want to.)
+    #
+    # - The user has to set Content-Length if they want it. Otherwise, for
+    #   responses that have bodies (e.g. not HEAD), then we will automatically
+    #   select the right mechanism for streaming a body of unknown length,
+    #   which depends on depending on the peer's HTTP version.
+    #
+    # This function's *only* responsibility is making sure headers are set up
+    # right -- everything downstream just looks at the headers. There are no
+    # side channels. It mutates the response event in-place (but not the
+    # response.headers list object).
+    def _clean_up_response_headers_for_sending(self, response):
+        assert type(response) is Response
+
+        headers = response.headers
+        need_close = False
+
+        # HEAD requests need some special handling: they always act like they
+        # have Content-Length: 0, and that's how _body_framing treats
+        # them. But their headers are supposed to match what we would send if
+        # the request was a GET. (Technically there is one deviation allowed:
+        # we're allowed to leave out the framing headers -- see
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.2 . But it's just as
+        # easy to get them right.)
+        method_for_choosing_headers = self._request_method
+        if method_for_choosing_headers == b"HEAD":
+            method_for_choosing_headers = b"GET"
+        framing_type, _ = _body_framing(method_for_choosing_headers, response)
+        if framing_type in ("chunked", "http/1.0"):
+            # This response has a body of unknown length.
+            # If our peer is HTTP/1.1, we use Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+            # If our peer is HTTP/1.0, we use no framing headers, and close the
+            # connection afterwards.
+            #
+            # Make sure to clear Content-Length (in principle user could have
+            # set both and then we ignored Content-Length b/c
+            # Transfer-Encoding overwrote it -- this would be naughty of them,
+            # but the HTTP spec says that if our peer does this then we have
+            # to fix it instead of erroring out, so we'll accord the user the
+            # same respect).
+            headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"content-length", [])
+            if self.their_http_version is None or self.their_http_version < b"1.1":
+                # Either we never got a valid request and are sending back an
+                # error (their_http_version is None), so we assume the worst;
+                # or else we did get a valid HTTP/1.0 request, so we know that
+                # they don't understand chunked encoding.
+                headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"transfer-encoding", [])
+                # This is actually redundant ATM, since currently we
+                # unconditionally disable keep-alive when talking to HTTP/1.0
+                # peers. But let's be defensive just in case we add
+                # Connection: keep-alive support later:
+                if self._request_method != b"HEAD":
+                    need_close = True
+            else:
+                headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"transfer-encoding", ["chunked"])
+
+        if not self._cstate.keep_alive or need_close:
+            # Make sure Connection: close is set
+            connection = set(get_comma_header(headers, b"connection"))
+            connection.discard(b"keep-alive")
+            connection.add(b"close")
+            headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"connection", sorted(connection))
+
+        response.headers = headers
diff --git a/packages/h11/_events.py b/packages/h11/_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..182793011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# High level events that make up HTTP/1.1 conversations. Loosely inspired by
+# the corresponding events in hyper-h2:
+#
+#     http://python-hyper.org/h2/en/stable/api.html#events
+#
+# Don't subclass these. Stuff will break.
+
+import re
+
+from . import _headers
+from ._abnf import request_target
+from ._util import bytesify, LocalProtocolError, validate
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = [
+    "Request",
+    "InformationalResponse",
+    "Response",
+    "Data",
+    "EndOfMessage",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+]
+
+request_target_re = re.compile(request_target.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class _EventBundle:
+    _fields = []
+    _defaults = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        _parsed = kwargs.pop("_parsed", False)
+        allowed = set(self._fields)
+        for kwarg in kwargs:
+            if kwarg not in allowed:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "unrecognized kwarg {} for {}".format(
+                        kwarg, self.__class__.__name__
+                    )
+                )
+        required = allowed.difference(self._defaults)
+        for field in required:
+            if field not in kwargs:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "missing required kwarg {} for {}".format(
+                        field, self.__class__.__name__
+                    )
+                )
+        self.__dict__.update(self._defaults)
+        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
+
+        # Special handling for some fields
+
+        if "headers" in self.__dict__:
+            self.headers = _headers.normalize_and_validate(
+                self.headers, _parsed=_parsed
+            )
+
+        if not _parsed:
+            for field in ["method", "target", "http_version", "reason"]:
+                if field in self.__dict__:
+                    self.__dict__[field] = bytesify(self.__dict__[field])
+
+            if "status_code" in self.__dict__:
+                if not isinstance(self.status_code, int):
+                    raise LocalProtocolError("status code must be integer")
+                # Because IntEnum objects are instances of int, but aren't
+                # duck-compatible (sigh), see gh-72.
+                self.status_code = int(self.status_code)
+
+        self._validate()
+
+    def _validate(self):
+        pass
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        name = self.__class__.__name__
+        kwarg_strs = [
+            "{}={}".format(field, self.__dict__[field]) for field in self._fields
+        ]
+        kwarg_str = ", ".join(kwarg_strs)
+        return "{}({})".format(name, kwarg_str)
+
+    # Useful for tests
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.__class__ == other.__class__ and self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None
+
+
+class Request(_EventBundle):
+    """The beginning of an HTTP request.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: method
+
+       An HTTP method, e.g. ``b"GET"`` or ``b"POST"``. Always a byte
+       string. :term:`Bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>` and native
+       strings containing only ascii characters will be automatically
+       converted to byte strings.
+
+    .. attribute:: target
+
+       The target of an HTTP request, e.g. ``b"/index.html"``, or one of the
+       more exotic formats described in `RFC 7320, section 5.3
+       <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-5.3>`_. Always a byte
+       string. :term:`Bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>` and native
+       strings containing only ascii characters will be automatically
+       converted to byte strings.
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    _fields = ["method", "target", "headers", "http_version"]
+    _defaults = {"http_version": b"1.1"}
+
+    def _validate(self):
+        # "A server MUST respond with a 400 (Bad Request) status code to any
+        # HTTP/1.1 request message that lacks a Host header field and to any
+        # request message that contains more than one Host header field or a
+        # Host header field with an invalid field-value."
+        # -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-5.4
+        host_count = 0
+        for name, value in self.headers:
+            if name == b"host":
+                host_count += 1
+        if self.http_version == b"1.1" and host_count == 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Missing mandatory Host: header")
+        if host_count > 1:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Found multiple Host: headers")
+
+        validate(request_target_re, self.target, "Illegal target characters")
+
+
+class _ResponseBase(_EventBundle):
+    _fields = ["status_code", "headers", "http_version", "reason"]
+    _defaults = {"http_version": b"1.1", "reason": b""}
+
+
+class InformationalResponse(_ResponseBase):
+    """An HTTP informational response.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: status_code
+
+       The status code of this response, as an integer. For an
+       :class:`InformationalResponse`, this is always in the range [100,
+       200).
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for
+       details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: reason
+
+       The reason phrase of this response, as a byte string. For example:
+       ``b"OK"``, or ``b"Not Found"``.
+
+    """
+
+    def _validate(self):
+        if not (100 <= self.status_code < 200):
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "InformationalResponse status_code should be in range "
+                "[100, 200), not {}".format(self.status_code)
+            )
+
+
+class Response(_ResponseBase):
+    """The beginning of an HTTP response.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: status_code
+
+       The status code of this response, as an integer. For an
+       :class:`Response`, this is always in the range [200,
+       600).
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: reason
+
+       The reason phrase of this response, as a byte string. For example:
+       ``b"OK"``, or ``b"Not Found"``.
+
+    """
+
+    def _validate(self):
+        if not (200 <= self.status_code < 600):
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "Response status_code should be in range [200, 600), not {}".format(
+                    self.status_code
+                )
+            )
+
+
+class Data(_EventBundle):
+    """Part of an HTTP message body.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: data
+
+       A :term:`bytes-like object` containing part of a message body. Or, if
+       using the ``combine=False`` argument to :meth:`Connection.send`, then
+       any object that your socket writing code knows what to do with, and for
+       which calling :func:`len` returns the number of bytes that will be
+       written -- see :ref:`sendfile` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: chunk_start
+
+       A marker that indicates whether this data object is from the start of a
+       chunked transfer encoding chunk. This field is ignored when when a Data
+       event is provided to :meth:`Connection.send`: it is only valid on
+       events emitted from :meth:`Connection.next_event`. You probably
+       shouldn't use this attribute at all; see
+       :ref:`chunk-delimiters-are-bad` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: chunk_end
+
+       A marker that indicates whether this data object is the last for a
+       given chunked transfer encoding chunk. This field is ignored when when
+       a Data event is provided to :meth:`Connection.send`: it is only valid
+       on events emitted from :meth:`Connection.next_event`. You probably
+       shouldn't use this attribute at all; see
+       :ref:`chunk-delimiters-are-bad` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    _fields = ["data", "chunk_start", "chunk_end"]
+    _defaults = {"chunk_start": False, "chunk_end": False}
+
+
+# XX FIXME: "A recipient MUST ignore (or consider as an error) any fields that
+# are forbidden to be sent in a trailer, since processing them as if they were
+# present in the header section might bypass external security filters."
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#chunked.trailer.part
+# Unfortunately, the list of forbidden fields is long and vague :-/
+class EndOfMessage(_EventBundle):
+    """The end of an HTTP message.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Default value: ``[]``
+
+       Any trailing headers attached to this message, represented as a list of
+       (name, value) pairs. See :ref:`the header normalization rules
+       <headers-format>` for details.
+
+       Must be empty unless ``Transfer-Encoding: chunked`` is in use.
+
+    """
+
+    _fields = ["headers"]
+    _defaults = {"headers": []}
+
+
+class ConnectionClosed(_EventBundle):
+    """This event indicates that the sender has closed their outgoing
+    connection.
+
+    Note that this does not necessarily mean that they can't *receive* further
+    data, because TCP connections are composed to two one-way channels which
+    can be closed independently. See :ref:`closing` for details.
+
+    No fields.
+    """
+
+    pass
diff --git a/packages/h11/_headers.py b/packages/h11/_headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ed39bc12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/_headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+import re
+
+from ._abnf import field_name, field_value
+from ._util import bytesify, LocalProtocolError, validate
+
+# Facts
+# -----
+#
+# Headers are:
+#   keys: case-insensitive ascii
+#   values: mixture of ascii and raw bytes
+#
+# "Historically, HTTP has allowed field content with text in the ISO-8859-1
+# charset [ISO-8859-1], supporting other charsets only through use of
+# [RFC2047] encoding.  In practice, most HTTP header field values use only a
+# subset of the US-ASCII charset [USASCII]. Newly defined header fields SHOULD
+# limit their field values to US-ASCII octets.  A recipient SHOULD treat other
+# octets in field content (obs-text) as opaque data."
+# And it deprecates all non-ascii values
+#
+# Leading/trailing whitespace in header names is forbidden
+#
+# Values get leading/trailing whitespace stripped
+#
+# Content-Disposition actually needs to contain unicode semantically; to
+# accomplish this it has a terrifically weird way of encoding the filename
+# itself as ascii (and even this still has lots of cross-browser
+# incompatibilities)
+#
+# Order is important:
+# "a proxy MUST NOT change the order of these field values when forwarding a
+# message"
+# (and there are several headers where the order indicates a preference)
+#
+# Multiple occurences of the same header:
+# "A sender MUST NOT generate multiple header fields with the same field name
+# in a message unless either the entire field value for that header field is
+# defined as a comma-separated list [or the header is Set-Cookie which gets a
+# special exception]" - RFC 7230. (cookies are in RFC 6265)
+#
+# So every header aside from Set-Cookie can be merged by b", ".join if it
+# occurs repeatedly. But, of course, they can't necessarily be split by
+# .split(b","), because quoting.
+#
+# Given all this mess (case insensitive, duplicates allowed, order is
+# important, ...), there doesn't appear to be any standard way to handle
+# headers in Python -- they're almost like dicts, but... actually just
+# aren't. For now we punt and just use a super simple representation: headers
+# are a list of pairs
+#
+#   [(name1, value1), (name2, value2), ...]
+#
+# where all entries are bytestrings, names are lowercase and have no
+# leading/trailing whitespace, and values are bytestrings with no
+# leading/trailing whitespace. Searching and updating are done via naive O(n)
+# methods.
+#
+# Maybe a dict-of-lists would be better?
+
+_content_length_re = re.compile(br"[0-9]+")
+_field_name_re = re.compile(field_name.encode("ascii"))
+_field_value_re = re.compile(field_value.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class Headers:
+    """
+    A list-like interface that allows iterating over headers as byte-pairs
+    of (lowercased-name, value).
+
+    Internally we actually store the representation as three-tuples,
+    including both the raw original casing, in order to preserve casing
+    over-the-wire, and the lowercased name, for case-insensitive comparisions.
+
+    r = Request(
+        method="GET",
+        target="/",
+        headers=[("Host", "example.org"), ("Connection", "keep-alive")],
+        http_version="1.1",
+    )
+    assert r.headers == [
+        (b"host", b"example.org"),
+        (b"connection", b"keep-alive")
+    ]
+    assert r.headers.raw_items() == [
+        (b"Host", b"example.org"),
+        (b"Connection", b"keep-alive")
+    ]
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_full_items"
+
+    def __init__(self, full_items):
+        self._full_items = full_items
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for _, name, value in self._full_items:
+            yield name, value
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self._full_items)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return list(self) == list(other)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._full_items)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<Headers(%s)>" % repr(list(self))
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx):
+        _, name, value = self._full_items[idx]
+        return (name, value)
+
+    def raw_items(self):
+        return [(raw_name, value) for raw_name, _, value in self._full_items]
+
+
+def normalize_and_validate(headers, _parsed=False):
+    new_headers = []
+    seen_content_length = None
+    saw_transfer_encoding = False
+    for name, value in headers:
+        # For headers coming out of the parser, we can safely skip some steps,
+        # because it always returns bytes and has already run these regexes
+        # over the data:
+        if not _parsed:
+            name = bytesify(name)
+            value = bytesify(value)
+            validate(_field_name_re, name, "Illegal header name {!r}", name)
+            validate(_field_value_re, value, "Illegal header value {!r}", value)
+        raw_name = name
+        name = name.lower()
+        if name == b"content-length":
+            lengths = {length.strip() for length in value.split(b",")}
+            if len(lengths) != 1:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("conflicting Content-Length headers")
+            value = lengths.pop()
+            validate(_content_length_re, value, "bad Content-Length")
+            if seen_content_length is None:
+                seen_content_length = value
+                new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+            elif seen_content_length != value:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("conflicting Content-Length headers")
+        elif name == b"transfer-encoding":
+            # "A server that receives a request message with a transfer coding
+            # it does not understand SHOULD respond with 501 (Not
+            # Implemented)."
+            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.1
+            if saw_transfer_encoding:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "multiple Transfer-Encoding headers", error_status_hint=501
+                )
+            # "All transfer-coding names are case-insensitive"
+            # -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-4
+            value = value.lower()
+            if value != b"chunked":
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "Only Transfer-Encoding: chunked is supported",
+                    error_status_hint=501,
+                )
+            saw_transfer_encoding = True
+            new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+        else:
+            new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+    return Headers(new_headers)
+
+
+def get_comma_header(headers, name):
+    # Should only be used for headers whose value is a list of
+    # comma-separated, case-insensitive values.
+    #
+    # The header name `name` is expected to be lower-case bytes.
+    #
+    # Connection: meets these criteria (including cast insensitivity).
+    #
+    # Content-Length: technically is just a single value (1*DIGIT), but the
+    # standard makes reference to implementations that do multiple values, and
+    # using this doesn't hurt. Ditto, case insensitivity doesn't things either
+    # way.
+    #
+    # Transfer-Encoding: is more complex (allows for quoted strings), so
+    # splitting on , is actually wrong. For example, this is legal:
+    #
+    #    Transfer-Encoding: foo; options="1,2", chunked
+    #
+    # and should be parsed as
+    #
+    #    foo; options="1,2"
+    #    chunked
+    #
+    # but this naive function will parse it as
+    #
+    #    foo; options="1
+    #    2"
+    #    chunked
+    #
+    # However, this is okay because the only thing we are going to do with
+    # any Transfer-Encoding is reject ones that aren't just "chunked", so
+    # both of these will be treated the same anyway.
+    #
+    # Expect: the only legal value is the literal string
+    # "100-continue". Splitting on commas is harmless. Case insensitive.
+    #
+    out = []
+    for _, found_name, found_raw_value in headers._full_items:
+        if found_name == name:
+            found_raw_value = found_raw_value.lower()
+            for found_split_value in found_raw_value.split(b","):
+                found_split_value = found_split_value.strip()
+                if found_split_value:
+                    out.append(found_split_value)
+    return out
+
+
+def set_comma_header(headers, name, new_values):
+    # The header name `name` is expected to be lower-case bytes.
+    #
+    # Note that when we store the header we use title casing for the header
+    # names, in order to match the conventional HTTP header style.
+    #
+    # Simply calling `.title()` is a blunt approach, but it's correct
+    # here given the cases where we're using `set_comma_header`...
+    #
+    # Connection, Content-Length, Transfer-Encoding.
+    new_headers = []
+    for found_raw_name, found_name, found_raw_value in headers._full_items:
+        if found_name != name:
+            new_headers.append((found_raw_name, found_raw_value))
+    for new_value in new_values:
+        new_headers.append((name.title(), new_value))
+    return normalize_and_validate(new_headers)
+
+
+def has_expect_100_continue(request):
+    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.1.1
+    # "A server that receives a 100-continue expectation in an HTTP/1.0 request
+    # MUST ignore that expectation."
+    if request.http_version < b"1.1":
+        return False
+    expect = get_comma_header(request.headers, b"expect")
+    return b"100-continue" in expect
diff --git a/packages/h11/_readers.py b/packages/h11/_readers.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ead0bec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/_readers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# Code to read HTTP data
+#
+# Strategy: each reader is a callable which takes a ReceiveBuffer object, and
+# either:
+# 1) consumes some of it and returns an Event
+# 2) raises a LocalProtocolError (for consistency -- e.g. we call validate()
+#    and it might raise a LocalProtocolError, so simpler just to always use
+#    this)
+# 3) returns None, meaning "I need more data"
+#
+# If they have a .read_eof attribute, then this will be called if an EOF is
+# received -- but this is optional. Either way, the actual ConnectionClosed
+# event will be generated afterwards.
+#
+# READERS is a dict describing how to pick a reader. It maps states to either:
+# - a reader
+# - or, for body readers, a dict of per-framing reader factories
+
+import re
+
+from ._abnf import chunk_header, header_field, request_line, status_line
+from ._events import *
+from ._state import *
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError, validate
+
+__all__ = ["READERS"]
+
+header_field_re = re.compile(header_field.encode("ascii"))
+
+# Remember that this has to run in O(n) time -- so e.g. the bytearray cast is
+# critical.
+obs_fold_re = re.compile(br"[ \t]+")
+
+
+def _obsolete_line_fold(lines):
+    it = iter(lines)
+    last = None
+    for line in it:
+        match = obs_fold_re.match(line)
+        if match:
+            if last is None:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("continuation line at start of headers")
+            if not isinstance(last, bytearray):
+                last = bytearray(last)
+            last += b" "
+            last += line[match.end() :]
+        else:
+            if last is not None:
+                yield last
+            last = line
+    if last is not None:
+        yield last
+
+
+def _decode_header_lines(lines):
+    for line in _obsolete_line_fold(lines):
+        matches = validate(header_field_re, line, "illegal header line: {!r}", line)
+        yield (matches["field_name"], matches["field_value"])
+
+
+request_line_re = re.compile(request_line.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+def maybe_read_from_IDLE_client(buf):
+    lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+    if lines is None:
+        if buf.is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line():
+            raise LocalProtocolError("illegal request line")
+        return None
+    if not lines:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("no request line received")
+    matches = validate(
+        request_line_re, lines[0], "illegal request line: {!r}", lines[0]
+    )
+    return Request(
+        headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines[1:])), _parsed=True, **matches
+    )
+
+
+status_line_re = re.compile(status_line.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+def maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server(buf):
+    lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+    if lines is None:
+        if buf.is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line():
+            raise LocalProtocolError("illegal request line")
+        return None
+    if not lines:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("no response line received")
+    matches = validate(status_line_re, lines[0], "illegal status line: {!r}", lines[0])
+    # Tolerate missing reason phrases
+    if matches["reason"] is None:
+        matches["reason"] = b""
+    status_code = matches["status_code"] = int(matches["status_code"])
+    class_ = InformationalResponse if status_code < 200 else Response
+    return class_(
+        headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines[1:])), _parsed=True, **matches
+    )
+
+
+class ContentLengthReader:
+    def __init__(self, length):
+        self._length = length
+        self._remaining = length
+
+    def __call__(self, buf):
+        if self._remaining == 0:
+            return EndOfMessage()
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(self._remaining)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        self._remaining -= len(data)
+        return Data(data=data)
+
+    def read_eof(self):
+        raise RemoteProtocolError(
+            "peer closed connection without sending complete message body "
+            "(received {} bytes, expected {})".format(
+                self._length - self._remaining, self._length
+            )
+        )
+
+
+chunk_header_re = re.compile(chunk_header.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class ChunkedReader:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._bytes_in_chunk = 0
+        # After reading a chunk, we have to throw away the trailing \r\n; if
+        # this is >0 then we discard that many bytes before resuming regular
+        # de-chunkification.
+        self._bytes_to_discard = 0
+        self._reading_trailer = False
+
+    def __call__(self, buf):
+        if self._reading_trailer:
+            lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+            if lines is None:
+                return None
+            return EndOfMessage(headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines)))
+        if self._bytes_to_discard > 0:
+            data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(self._bytes_to_discard)
+            if data is None:
+                return None
+            self._bytes_to_discard -= len(data)
+            if self._bytes_to_discard > 0:
+                return None
+            # else, fall through and read some more
+        assert self._bytes_to_discard == 0
+        if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+            # We need to refill our chunk count
+            chunk_header = buf.maybe_extract_next_line()
+            if chunk_header is None:
+                return None
+            matches = validate(
+                chunk_header_re,
+                chunk_header,
+                "illegal chunk header: {!r}",
+                chunk_header,
+            )
+            # XX FIXME: we discard chunk extensions. Does anyone care?
+            self._bytes_in_chunk = int(matches["chunk_size"], base=16)
+            if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+                self._reading_trailer = True
+                return self(buf)
+            chunk_start = True
+        else:
+            chunk_start = False
+        assert self._bytes_in_chunk > 0
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(self._bytes_in_chunk)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        self._bytes_in_chunk -= len(data)
+        if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+            self._bytes_to_discard = 2
+            chunk_end = True
+        else:
+            chunk_end = False
+        return Data(data=data, chunk_start=chunk_start, chunk_end=chunk_end)
+
+    def read_eof(self):
+        raise RemoteProtocolError(
+            "peer closed connection without sending complete message body "
+            "(incomplete chunked read)"
+        )
+
+
+class Http10Reader:
+    def __call__(self, buf):
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(999999999)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        return Data(data=data)
+
+    def read_eof(self):
+        return EndOfMessage()
+
+
+def expect_nothing(buf):
+    if buf:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("Got data when expecting EOF")
+    return None
+
+
+READERS = {
+    (CLIENT, IDLE): maybe_read_from_IDLE_client,
+    (SERVER, IDLE): maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server,
+    (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE): maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server,
+    (CLIENT, DONE): expect_nothing,
+    (CLIENT, MUST_CLOSE): expect_nothing,
+    (CLIENT, CLOSED): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, DONE): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, MUST_CLOSE): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, CLOSED): expect_nothing,
+    SEND_BODY: {
+        "chunked": ChunkedReader,
+        "content-length": ContentLengthReader,
+        "http/1.0": Http10Reader,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py b/packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3737f351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import re
+import sys
+
+__all__ = ["ReceiveBuffer"]
+
+
+# Operations we want to support:
+# - find next \r\n or \r\n\r\n (\n or \n\n are also acceptable),
+#   or wait until there is one
+# - read at-most-N bytes
+# Goals:
+# - on average, do this fast
+# - worst case, do this in O(n) where n is the number of bytes processed
+# Plan:
+# - store bytearray, offset, how far we've searched for a separator token
+# - use the how-far-we've-searched data to avoid rescanning
+# - while doing a stream of uninterrupted processing, advance offset instead
+#   of constantly copying
+# WARNING:
+# - I haven't benchmarked or profiled any of this yet.
+#
+# Note that starting in Python 3.4, deleting the initial n bytes from a
+# bytearray is amortized O(n), thanks to some excellent work by Antoine
+# Martin:
+#
+#     https://bugs.python.org/issue19087
+#
+# This means that if we only supported 3.4+, we could get rid of the code here
+# involving self._start and self.compress, because it's doing exactly the same
+# thing that bytearray now does internally.
+#
+# BUT unfortunately, we still support 2.7, and reading short segments out of a
+# long buffer MUST be O(bytes read) to avoid DoS issues, so we can't actually
+# delete this code. Yet:
+#
+#     https://pythonclock.org/
+#
+# (Two things to double-check first though: make sure PyPy also has the
+# optimization, and benchmark to make sure it's a win, since we do have a
+# slightly clever thing where we delay calling compress() until we've
+# processed a whole event, which could in theory be slightly more efficient
+# than the internal bytearray support.)
+blank_line_regex = re.compile(b"\n\r?\n", re.MULTILINE)
+
+
+class ReceiveBuffer:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._data = bytearray()
+        self._next_line_search = 0
+        self._multiple_lines_search = 0
+
+    def __iadd__(self, byteslike):
+        self._data += byteslike
+        return self
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(len(self))
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._data)
+
+    # for @property unprocessed_data
+    def __bytes__(self):
+        return bytes(self._data)
+
+    def _extract(self, count):
+        # extracting an initial slice of the data buffer and return it
+        out = self._data[:count]
+        del self._data[:count]
+
+        self._next_line_search = 0
+        self._multiple_lines_search = 0
+
+        return out
+
+    def maybe_extract_at_most(self, count):
+        """
+        Extract a fixed number of bytes from the buffer.
+        """
+        out = self._data[:count]
+        if not out:
+            return None
+
+        return self._extract(count)
+
+    def maybe_extract_next_line(self):
+        """
+        Extract the first line, if it is completed in the buffer.
+        """
+        # Only search in buffer space that we've not already looked at.
+        search_start_index = max(0, self._next_line_search - 1)
+        partial_idx = self._data.find(b"\r\n", search_start_index)
+
+        if partial_idx == -1:
+            self._next_line_search = len(self._data)
+            return None
+
+        # + 2 is to compensate len(b"\r\n")
+        idx = partial_idx + 2
+
+        return self._extract(idx)
+
+    def maybe_extract_lines(self):
+        """
+        Extract everything up to the first blank line, and return a list of lines.
+        """
+        # Handle the case where we have an immediate empty line.
+        if self._data[:1] == b"\n":
+            self._extract(1)
+            return []
+
+        if self._data[:2] == b"\r\n":
+            self._extract(2)
+            return []
+
+        # Only search in buffer space that we've not already looked at.
+        match = blank_line_regex.search(self._data, self._multiple_lines_search)
+        if match is None:
+            self._multiple_lines_search = max(0, len(self._data) - 2)
+            return None
+
+        # Truncate the buffer and return it.
+        idx = match.span(0)[-1]
+        out = self._extract(idx)
+        lines = out.split(b"\n")
+
+        for line in lines:
+            if line.endswith(b"\r"):
+                del line[-1]
+
+        assert lines[-2] == lines[-1] == b""
+
+        del lines[-2:]
+
+        return lines
+
+    # In theory we should wait until `\r\n` before starting to validate
+    # incoming data. However it's interesting to detect (very) invalid data
+    # early given they might not even contain `\r\n` at all (hence only
+    # timeout will get rid of them).
+    # This is not a 100% effective detection but more of a cheap sanity check
+    # allowing for early abort in some useful cases.
+    # This is especially interesting when peer is messing up with HTTPS and
+    # sent us a TLS stream where we were expecting plain HTTP given all
+    # versions of TLS so far start handshake with a 0x16 message type code.
+    def is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line(self):
+        try:
+            # HTTP header line must not contain non-printable characters
+            # and should not start with a space
+            return self._data[0] < 0x21
+        except IndexError:
+            return False
diff --git a/packages/h11/_state.py b/packages/h11/_state.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f08a090c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/_state.py
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+################################################################
+# The core state machine
+################################################################
+#
+# Rule 1: everything that affects the state machine and state transitions must
+# live here in this file. As much as possible goes into the table-based
+# representation, but for the bits that don't quite fit, the actual code and
+# state must nonetheless live here.
+#
+# Rule 2: this file does not know about what role we're playing; it only knows
+# about HTTP request/response cycles in the abstract. This ensures that we
+# don't cheat and apply different rules to local and remote parties.
+#
+#
+# Theory of operation
+# ===================
+#
+# Possibly the simplest way to think about this is that we actually have 5
+# different state machines here. Yes, 5. These are:
+#
+# 1) The client state, with its complicated automaton (see the docs)
+# 2) The server state, with its complicated automaton (see the docs)
+# 3) The keep-alive state, with possible states {True, False}
+# 4) The SWITCH_CONNECT state, with possible states {False, True}
+# 5) The SWITCH_UPGRADE state, with possible states {False, True}
+#
+# For (3)-(5), the first state listed is the initial state.
+#
+# (1)-(3) are stored explicitly in member variables. The last
+# two are stored implicitly in the pending_switch_proposals set as:
+#   (state of 4) == (_SWITCH_CONNECT in pending_switch_proposals)
+#   (state of 5) == (_SWITCH_UPGRADE in pending_switch_proposals)
+#
+# And each of these machines has two different kinds of transitions:
+#
+# a) Event-triggered
+# b) State-triggered
+#
+# Event triggered is the obvious thing that you'd think it is: some event
+# happens, and if it's the right event at the right time then a transition
+# happens. But there are somewhat complicated rules for which machines can
+# "see" which events. (As a rule of thumb, if a machine "sees" an event, this
+# means two things: the event can affect the machine, and if the machine is
+# not in a state where it expects that event then it's an error.) These rules
+# are:
+#
+# 1) The client machine sees all h11.events objects emitted by the client.
+#
+# 2) The server machine sees all h11.events objects emitted by the server.
+#
+#    It also sees the client's Request event.
+#
+#    And sometimes, server events are annotated with a _SWITCH_* event. For
+#    example, we can have a (Response, _SWITCH_CONNECT) event, which is
+#    different from a regular Response event.
+#
+# 3) The keep-alive machine sees the process_keep_alive_disabled() event
+#    (which is derived from Request/Response events), and this event
+#    transitions it from True -> False, or from False -> False. There's no way
+#    to transition back.
+#
+# 4&5) The _SWITCH_* machines transition from False->True when we get a
+#    Request that proposes the relevant type of switch (via
+#    process_client_switch_proposals), and they go from True->False when we
+#    get a Response that has no _SWITCH_* annotation.
+#
+# So that's event-triggered transitions.
+#
+# State-triggered transitions are less standard. What they do here is couple
+# the machines together. The way this works is, when certain *joint*
+# configurations of states are achieved, then we automatically transition to a
+# new *joint* state. So, for example, if we're ever in a joint state with
+#
+#   client: DONE
+#   keep-alive: False
+#
+# then the client state immediately transitions to:
+#
+#   client: MUST_CLOSE
+#
+# This is fundamentally different from an event-based transition, because it
+# doesn't matter how we arrived at the {client: DONE, keep-alive: False} state
+# -- maybe the client transitioned SEND_BODY -> DONE, or keep-alive
+# transitioned True -> False. Either way, once this precondition is satisfied,
+# this transition is immediately triggered.
+#
+# What if two conflicting state-based transitions get enabled at the same
+# time?  In practice there's only one case where this arises (client DONE ->
+# MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL versus DONE -> MUST_CLOSE), and we resolve it by
+# explicitly prioritizing the DONE -> MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL transition.
+#
+# Implementation
+# --------------
+#
+# The event-triggered transitions for the server and client machines are all
+# stored explicitly in a table. Ditto for the state-triggered transitions that
+# involve just the server and client state.
+#
+# The transitions for the other machines, and the state-triggered transitions
+# that involve the other machines, are written out as explicit Python code.
+#
+# It'd be nice if there were some cleaner way to do all this. This isn't
+# *too* terrible, but I feel like it could probably be better.
+#
+# WARNING
+# -------
+#
+# The script that generates the state machine diagrams for the docs knows how
+# to read out the EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS and STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS
+# tables. But it can't automatically read the transitions that are written
+# directly in Python code. So if you touch those, you need to also update the
+# script to keep it in sync!
+
+from ._events import *
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, make_sentinel
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = [
+    "CLIENT",
+    "SERVER",
+    "IDLE",
+    "SEND_RESPONSE",
+    "SEND_BODY",
+    "DONE",
+    "MUST_CLOSE",
+    "CLOSED",
+    "MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL",
+    "SWITCHED_PROTOCOL",
+    "ERROR",
+]
+
+CLIENT = make_sentinel("CLIENT")
+SERVER = make_sentinel("SERVER")
+
+# States
+IDLE = make_sentinel("IDLE")
+SEND_RESPONSE = make_sentinel("SEND_RESPONSE")
+SEND_BODY = make_sentinel("SEND_BODY")
+DONE = make_sentinel("DONE")
+MUST_CLOSE = make_sentinel("MUST_CLOSE")
+CLOSED = make_sentinel("CLOSED")
+ERROR = make_sentinel("ERROR")
+
+# Switch types
+MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL = make_sentinel("MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL")
+SWITCHED_PROTOCOL = make_sentinel("SWITCHED_PROTOCOL")
+
+_SWITCH_UPGRADE = make_sentinel("_SWITCH_UPGRADE")
+_SWITCH_CONNECT = make_sentinel("_SWITCH_CONNECT")
+
+EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS = {
+    CLIENT: {
+        IDLE: {Request: SEND_BODY, ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        SEND_BODY: {Data: SEND_BODY, EndOfMessage: DONE},
+        DONE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MUST_CLOSE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        CLOSED: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL: {},
+        SWITCHED_PROTOCOL: {},
+        ERROR: {},
+    },
+    SERVER: {
+        IDLE: {
+            ConnectionClosed: CLOSED,
+            Response: SEND_BODY,
+            # Special case: server sees client Request events, in this form
+            (Request, CLIENT): SEND_RESPONSE,
+        },
+        SEND_RESPONSE: {
+            InformationalResponse: SEND_RESPONSE,
+            Response: SEND_BODY,
+            (InformationalResponse, _SWITCH_UPGRADE): SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+            (Response, _SWITCH_CONNECT): SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+        },
+        SEND_BODY: {Data: SEND_BODY, EndOfMessage: DONE},
+        DONE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MUST_CLOSE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        CLOSED: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        SWITCHED_PROTOCOL: {},
+        ERROR: {},
+    },
+}
+
+# NB: there are also some special-case state-triggered transitions hard-coded
+# into _fire_state_triggered_transitions below.
+STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS = {
+    # (Client state, Server state) -> new states
+    # Protocol negotiation
+    (MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL, SWITCHED_PROTOCOL): {CLIENT: SWITCHED_PROTOCOL},
+    # Socket shutdown
+    (CLOSED, DONE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (CLOSED, IDLE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (ERROR, DONE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (DONE, CLOSED): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (IDLE, CLOSED): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (DONE, ERROR): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+}
+
+
+class ConnectionState:
+    def __init__(self):
+        # Extra bits of state that don't quite fit into the state model.
+
+        # If this is False then it enables the automatic DONE -> MUST_CLOSE
+        # transition. Don't set this directly; call .keep_alive_disabled()
+        self.keep_alive = True
+
+        # This is a subset of {UPGRADE, CONNECT}, containing the proposals
+        # made by the client for switching protocols.
+        self.pending_switch_proposals = set()
+
+        self.states = {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
+
+    def process_error(self, role):
+        self.states[role] = ERROR
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_keep_alive_disabled(self):
+        self.keep_alive = False
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_client_switch_proposal(self, switch_event):
+        self.pending_switch_proposals.add(switch_event)
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_event(self, role, event_type, server_switch_event=None):
+        if server_switch_event is not None:
+            assert role is SERVER
+            if server_switch_event not in self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "Received server {} event without a pending proposal".format(
+                        server_switch_event
+                    )
+                )
+            event_type = (event_type, server_switch_event)
+        if server_switch_event is None and event_type is Response:
+            self.pending_switch_proposals = set()
+        self._fire_event_triggered_transitions(role, event_type)
+        # Special case: the server state does get to see Request
+        # events.
+        if event_type is Request:
+            assert role is CLIENT
+            self._fire_event_triggered_transitions(SERVER, (Request, CLIENT))
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def _fire_event_triggered_transitions(self, role, event_type):
+        state = self.states[role]
+        try:
+            new_state = EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS[role][state][event_type]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "can't handle event type {} when role={} and state={}".format(
+                    event_type.__name__, role, self.states[role]
+                )
+            )
+        self.states[role] = new_state
+
+    def _fire_state_triggered_transitions(self):
+        # We apply these rules repeatedly until converging on a fixed point
+        while True:
+            start_states = dict(self.states)
+
+            # It could happen that both these special-case transitions are
+            # enabled at the same time:
+            #
+            #    DONE -> MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL
+            #    DONE -> MUST_CLOSE
+            #
+            # For example, this will always be true of a HTTP/1.0 client
+            # requesting CONNECT.  If this happens, the protocol switch takes
+            # priority. From there the client will either go to
+            # SWITCHED_PROTOCOL, in which case it's none of our business when
+            # they close the connection, or else the server will deny the
+            # request, in which case the client will go back to DONE and then
+            # from there to MUST_CLOSE.
+            if self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                if self.states[CLIENT] is DONE:
+                    self.states[CLIENT] = MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL
+
+            if not self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                if self.states[CLIENT] is MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL:
+                    self.states[CLIENT] = DONE
+
+            if not self.keep_alive:
+                for role in (CLIENT, SERVER):
+                    if self.states[role] is DONE:
+                        self.states[role] = MUST_CLOSE
+
+            # Tabular state-triggered transitions
+            joint_state = (self.states[CLIENT], self.states[SERVER])
+            changes = STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS.get(joint_state, {})
+            self.states.update(changes)
+
+            if self.states == start_states:
+                # Fixed point reached
+                return
+
+    def start_next_cycle(self):
+        if self.states != {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: DONE}:
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "not in a reusable state. self.states={}".format(self.states)
+            )
+        # Can't reach DONE/DONE with any of these active, but still, let's be
+        # sure.
+        assert self.keep_alive
+        assert not self.pending_switch_proposals
+        self.states = {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
diff --git a/packages/h11/_util.py b/packages/h11/_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb1a5cd9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+__all__ = [
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "validate",
+    "make_sentinel",
+    "bytesify",
+]
+
+
+class ProtocolError(Exception):
+    """Exception indicating a violation of the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
+
+    This as an abstract base class, with two concrete base classes:
+    :exc:`LocalProtocolError`, which indicates that you tried to do something
+    that HTTP/1.1 says is illegal, and :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`, which
+    indicates that the remote peer tried to do something that HTTP/1.1 says is
+    illegal. See :ref:`error-handling` for details.
+
+    In addition to the normal :exc:`Exception` features, it has one attribute:
+
+    .. attribute:: error_status_hint
+
+       This gives a suggestion as to what status code a server might use if
+       this error occurred as part of a request.
+
+       For a :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`, this is useful as a suggestion for
+       how you might want to respond to a misbehaving peer, if you're
+       implementing a server.
+
+       For a :exc:`LocalProtocolError`, this can be taken as a suggestion for
+       how your peer might have responded to *you* if h11 had allowed you to
+       continue.
+
+       The default is 400 Bad Request, a generic catch-all for protocol
+       violations.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, msg, error_status_hint=400):
+        if type(self) is ProtocolError:
+            raise TypeError("tried to directly instantiate ProtocolError")
+        Exception.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.error_status_hint = error_status_hint
+
+
+# Strategy: there are a number of public APIs where a LocalProtocolError can
+# be raised (send(), all the different event constructors, ...), and only one
+# public API where RemoteProtocolError can be raised
+# (receive_data()). Therefore we always raise LocalProtocolError internally,
+# and then receive_data will translate this into a RemoteProtocolError.
+#
+# Internally:
+#   LocalProtocolError is the generic "ProtocolError".
+# Externally:
+#   LocalProtocolError is for local errors and RemoteProtocolError is for
+#   remote errors.
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    def _reraise_as_remote_protocol_error(self):
+        # After catching a LocalProtocolError, use this method to re-raise it
+        # as a RemoteProtocolError. This method must be called from inside an
+        # except: block.
+        #
+        # An easy way to get an equivalent RemoteProtocolError is just to
+        # modify 'self' in place.
+        self.__class__ = RemoteProtocolError
+        # But the re-raising is somewhat non-trivial -- you might think that
+        # now that we've modified the in-flight exception object, that just
+        # doing 'raise' to re-raise it would be enough. But it turns out that
+        # this doesn't work, because Python tracks the exception type
+        # (exc_info[0]) separately from the exception object (exc_info[1]),
+        # and we only modified the latter. So we really do need to re-raise
+        # the new type explicitly.
+        # On py3, the traceback is part of the exception object, so our
+        # in-place modification preserved it and we can just re-raise:
+        raise self
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    pass
+
+
+def validate(regex, data, msg="malformed data", *format_args):
+    match = regex.fullmatch(data)
+    if not match:
+        if format_args:
+            msg = msg.format(*format_args)
+        raise LocalProtocolError(msg)
+    return match.groupdict()
+
+
+# Sentinel values
+#
+# - Inherit identity-based comparison and hashing from object
+# - Have a nice repr
+# - Have a *bonus property*: type(sentinel) is sentinel
+#
+# The bonus property is useful if you want to take the return value from
+# next_event() and do some sort of dispatch based on type(event).
+class _SentinelBase(type):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.__name__
+
+
+def make_sentinel(name):
+    cls = _SentinelBase(name, (_SentinelBase,), {})
+    cls.__class__ = cls
+    return cls
+
+
+# Used for methods, request targets, HTTP versions, header names, and header
+# values. Accepts ascii-strings, or bytes/bytearray/memoryview/..., and always
+# returns bytes.
+def bytesify(s):
+    # Fast-path:
+    if type(s) is bytes:
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, str):
+        s = s.encode("ascii")
+    if isinstance(s, int):
+        raise TypeError("expected bytes-like object, not int")
+    return bytes(s)
diff --git a/packages/h11/_version.py b/packages/h11/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb5c2c322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# This file must be kept very simple, because it is consumed from several
+# places -- it is imported by h11/__init__.py, execfile'd by setup.py, etc.
+
+# We use a simple scheme:
+#   1.0.0 -> 1.0.0+dev -> 1.1.0 -> 1.1.0+dev
+# where the +dev versions are never released into the wild, they're just what
+# we stick into the VCS in between releases.
+#
+# This is compatible with PEP 440:
+#   http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/
+# via the use of the "local suffix" "+dev", which is disallowed on index
+# servers and causes 1.0.0+dev to sort after plain 1.0.0, which is what we
+# want. (Contrast with the special suffix 1.0.0.dev, which sorts *before*
+# 1.0.0.)
+
+__version__ = "0.12.0"
diff --git a/packages/h11/_writers.py b/packages/h11/_writers.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb5e8a8c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/_writers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Code to read HTTP data
+#
+# Strategy: each writer takes an event + a write-some-bytes function, which is
+# calls.
+#
+# WRITERS is a dict describing how to pick a reader. It maps states to either:
+# - a writer
+# - or, for body writers, a dict of framin-dependent writer factories
+
+from ._events import Data, EndOfMessage
+from ._state import CLIENT, IDLE, SEND_BODY, SEND_RESPONSE, SERVER
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError
+
+__all__ = ["WRITERS"]
+
+
+def write_headers(headers, write):
+    # "Since the Host field-value is critical information for handling a
+    # request, a user agent SHOULD generate Host as the first header field
+    # following the request-line." - RFC 7230
+    raw_items = headers._full_items
+    for raw_name, name, value in raw_items:
+        if name == b"host":
+            write(b"%s: %s\r\n" % (raw_name, value))
+    for raw_name, name, value in raw_items:
+        if name != b"host":
+            write(b"%s: %s\r\n" % (raw_name, value))
+    write(b"\r\n")
+
+
+def write_request(request, write):
+    if request.http_version != b"1.1":
+        raise LocalProtocolError("I only send HTTP/1.1")
+    write(b"%s %s HTTP/1.1\r\n" % (request.method, request.target))
+    write_headers(request.headers, write)
+
+
+# Shared between InformationalResponse and Response
+def write_any_response(response, write):
+    if response.http_version != b"1.1":
+        raise LocalProtocolError("I only send HTTP/1.1")
+    status_bytes = str(response.status_code).encode("ascii")
+    # We don't bother sending ascii status messages like "OK"; they're
+    # optional and ignored by the protocol. (But the space after the numeric
+    # status code is mandatory.)
+    #
+    # XX FIXME: could at least make an effort to pull out the status message
+    # from stdlib's http.HTTPStatus table. Or maybe just steal their enums
+    # (either by import or copy/paste). We already accept them as status codes
+    # since they're of type IntEnum < int.
+    write(b"HTTP/1.1 %s %s\r\n" % (status_bytes, response.reason))
+    write_headers(response.headers, write)
+
+
+class BodyWriter:
+    def __call__(self, event, write):
+        if type(event) is Data:
+            self.send_data(event.data, write)
+        elif type(event) is EndOfMessage:
+            self.send_eom(event.headers, write)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            assert False
+
+
+#
+# These are all careful not to do anything to 'data' except call len(data) and
+# write(data). This allows us to transparently pass-through funny objects,
+# like placeholder objects referring to files on disk that will be sent via
+# sendfile(2).
+#
+class ContentLengthWriter(BodyWriter):
+    def __init__(self, length):
+        self._length = length
+
+    def send_data(self, data, write):
+        self._length -= len(data)
+        if self._length < 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Too much data for declared Content-Length")
+        write(data)
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers, write):
+        if self._length != 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Too little data for declared Content-Length")
+        if headers:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Content-Length and trailers don't mix")
+
+
+class ChunkedWriter(BodyWriter):
+    def send_data(self, data, write):
+        # if we encoded 0-length data in the naive way, it would look like an
+        # end-of-message.
+        if not data:
+            return
+        write(b"%x\r\n" % len(data))
+        write(data)
+        write(b"\r\n")
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers, write):
+        write(b"0\r\n")
+        write_headers(headers, write)
+
+
+class Http10Writer(BodyWriter):
+    def send_data(self, data, write):
+        write(data)
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers, write):
+        if headers:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("can't send trailers to HTTP/1.0 client")
+        # no need to close the socket ourselves, that will be taken care of by
+        # Connection: close machinery
+
+
+WRITERS = {
+    (CLIENT, IDLE): write_request,
+    (SERVER, IDLE): write_any_response,
+    (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE): write_any_response,
+    SEND_BODY: {
+        "chunked": ChunkedWriter,
+        "content-length": ContentLengthWriter,
+        "http/1.0": Http10Writer,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/__init__.py b/packages/h11/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/data/test-file b/packages/h11/tests/data/test-file
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0be0a6c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/data/test-file
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+92b12bc045050b55b848d37167a1a63947c364579889ce1d39788e45e9fac9e5
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/helpers.py b/packages/h11/tests/helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d2cf3801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+from .._connection import *
+from .._events import *
+from .._state import *
+
+
+def get_all_events(conn):
+    got_events = []
+    while True:
+        event = conn.next_event()
+        if event in (NEED_DATA, PAUSED):
+            break
+        got_events.append(event)
+        if type(event) is ConnectionClosed:
+            break
+    return got_events
+
+
+def receive_and_get(conn, data):
+    conn.receive_data(data)
+    return get_all_events(conn)
+
+
+# Merges adjacent Data events, converts payloads to bytestrings, and removes
+# chunk boundaries.
+def normalize_data_events(in_events):
+    out_events = []
+    for event in in_events:
+        if type(event) is Data:
+            event.data = bytes(event.data)
+            event.chunk_start = False
+            event.chunk_end = False
+        if out_events and type(out_events[-1]) is type(event) is Data:
+            out_events[-1].data += event.data
+        else:
+            out_events.append(event)
+    return out_events
+
+
+# Given that we want to write tests that push some events through a Connection
+# and check that its state updates appropriately... we might as make a habit
+# of pushing them through two Connections with a fake network link in
+# between.
+class ConnectionPair:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.conn = {CLIENT: Connection(CLIENT), SERVER: Connection(SERVER)}
+        self.other = {CLIENT: SERVER, SERVER: CLIENT}
+
+    @property
+    def conns(self):
+        return self.conn.values()
+
+    # expect="match" if expect=send_events; expect=[...] to say what expected
+    def send(self, role, send_events, expect="match"):
+        if not isinstance(send_events, list):
+            send_events = [send_events]
+        data = b""
+        closed = False
+        for send_event in send_events:
+            new_data = self.conn[role].send(send_event)
+            if new_data is None:
+                closed = True
+            else:
+                data += new_data
+        # send uses b"" to mean b"", and None to mean closed
+        # receive uses b"" to mean closed, and None to mean "try again"
+        # so we have to translate between the two conventions
+        if data:
+            self.conn[self.other[role]].receive_data(data)
+        if closed:
+            self.conn[self.other[role]].receive_data(b"")
+        got_events = get_all_events(self.conn[self.other[role]])
+        if expect == "match":
+            expect = send_events
+        if not isinstance(expect, list):
+            expect = [expect]
+        assert got_events == expect
+        return data
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/test_against_stdlib_http.py b/packages/h11/tests/test_against_stdlib_http.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6c5db444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/test_against_stdlib_http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import json
+import os.path
+import socket
+import socketserver
+import threading
+from contextlib import closing, contextmanager
+from http.server import SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
+from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+import h11
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def socket_server(handler):
+    httpd = socketserver.TCPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), handler)
+    thread = threading.Thread(
+        target=httpd.serve_forever, kwargs={"poll_interval": 0.01}
+    )
+    thread.daemon = True
+    try:
+        thread.start()
+        yield httpd
+    finally:
+        httpd.shutdown()
+
+
+test_file_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "data/test-file")
+with open(test_file_path, "rb") as f:
+    test_file_data = f.read()
+
+
+class SingleMindedRequestHandler(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
+    def translate_path(self, path):
+        return test_file_path
+
+
+def test_h11_as_client():
+    with socket_server(SingleMindedRequestHandler) as httpd:
+        with closing(socket.create_connection(httpd.server_address)) as s:
+            c = h11.Connection(h11.CLIENT)
+
+            s.sendall(
+                c.send(
+                    h11.Request(
+                        method="GET", target="/foo", headers=[("Host", "localhost")]
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+            s.sendall(c.send(h11.EndOfMessage()))
+
+            data = bytearray()
+            while True:
+                event = c.next_event()
+                print(event)
+                if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                    # Use a small read buffer to make things more challenging
+                    # and exercise more paths :-)
+                    c.receive_data(s.recv(10))
+                    continue
+                if type(event) is h11.Response:
+                    assert event.status_code == 200
+                if type(event) is h11.Data:
+                    data += event.data
+                if type(event) is h11.EndOfMessage:
+                    break
+            assert bytes(data) == test_file_data
+
+
+class H11RequestHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
+    def handle(self):
+        with closing(self.request) as s:
+            c = h11.Connection(h11.SERVER)
+            request = None
+            while True:
+                event = c.next_event()
+                if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                    # Use a small read buffer to make things more challenging
+                    # and exercise more paths :-)
+                    c.receive_data(s.recv(10))
+                    continue
+                if type(event) is h11.Request:
+                    request = event
+                if type(event) is h11.EndOfMessage:
+                    break
+            info = json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "method": request.method.decode("ascii"),
+                    "target": request.target.decode("ascii"),
+                    "headers": {
+                        name.decode("ascii"): value.decode("ascii")
+                        for (name, value) in request.headers
+                    },
+                }
+            )
+            s.sendall(c.send(h11.Response(status_code=200, headers=[])))
+            s.sendall(c.send(h11.Data(data=info.encode("ascii"))))
+            s.sendall(c.send(h11.EndOfMessage()))
+
+
+def test_h11_as_server():
+    with socket_server(H11RequestHandler) as httpd:
+        host, port = httpd.server_address
+        url = "http://{}:{}/some-path".format(host, port)
+        with closing(urlopen(url)) as f:
+            assert f.getcode() == 200
+            data = f.read()
+    info = json.loads(data.decode("ascii"))
+    print(info)
+    assert info["method"] == "GET"
+    assert info["target"] == "/some-path"
+    assert "urllib" in info["headers"]["user-agent"]
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/test_connection.py b/packages/h11/tests/test_connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..baadec8d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/test_connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@
+import pytest
+
+from .._connection import _body_framing, _keep_alive, Connection, NEED_DATA, PAUSED
+from .._events import *
+from .._state import *
+from .._util import LocalProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError
+from .helpers import ConnectionPair, get_all_events, receive_and_get
+
+
+def test__keep_alive():
+    assert _keep_alive(
+        Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[("Host", "Example.com")])
+    )
+    assert not _keep_alive(
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/",
+            headers=[("Host", "Example.com"), ("Connection", "close")],
+        )
+    )
+    assert not _keep_alive(
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/",
+            headers=[("Host", "Example.com"), ("Connection", "a, b, cLOse, foo")],
+        )
+    )
+    assert not _keep_alive(
+        Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[], http_version="1.0")
+    )
+
+    assert _keep_alive(Response(status_code=200, headers=[]))
+    assert not _keep_alive(Response(status_code=200, headers=[("Connection", "close")]))
+    assert not _keep_alive(
+        Response(status_code=200, headers=[("Connection", "a, b, cLOse, foo")])
+    )
+    assert not _keep_alive(Response(status_code=200, headers=[], http_version="1.0"))
+
+
+def test__body_framing():
+    def headers(cl, te):
+        headers = []
+        if cl is not None:
+            headers.append(("Content-Length", str(cl)))
+        if te:
+            headers.append(("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked"))
+        return headers
+
+    def resp(status_code=200, cl=None, te=False):
+        return Response(status_code=status_code, headers=headers(cl, te))
+
+    def req(cl=None, te=False):
+        h = headers(cl, te)
+        h += [("Host", "example.com")]
+        return Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=h)
+
+    # Special cases where the headers are ignored:
+    for kwargs in [{}, {"cl": 100}, {"te": True}, {"cl": 100, "te": True}]:
+        for meth, r in [
+            (b"HEAD", resp(**kwargs)),
+            (b"GET", resp(status_code=204, **kwargs)),
+            (b"GET", resp(status_code=304, **kwargs)),
+        ]:
+            assert _body_framing(meth, r) == ("content-length", (0,))
+
+    # Transfer-encoding
+    for kwargs in [{"te": True}, {"cl": 100, "te": True}]:
+        for meth, r in [(None, req(**kwargs)), (b"GET", resp(**kwargs))]:
+            assert _body_framing(meth, r) == ("chunked", ())
+
+    # Content-Length
+    for meth, r in [(None, req(cl=100)), (b"GET", resp(cl=100))]:
+        assert _body_framing(meth, r) == ("content-length", (100,))
+
+    # No headers
+    assert _body_framing(None, req()) == ("content-length", (0,))
+    assert _body_framing(b"GET", resp()) == ("http/1.0", ())
+
+
+def test_Connection_basics_and_content_length():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        Connection("CLIENT")
+
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+    assert p.conn[CLIENT].our_role is CLIENT
+    assert p.conn[CLIENT].their_role is SERVER
+    assert p.conn[SERVER].our_role is SERVER
+    assert p.conn[SERVER].their_role is CLIENT
+
+    data = p.send(
+        CLIENT,
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/",
+            headers=[("Host", "example.com"), ("Content-Length", "10")],
+        ),
+    )
+    assert data == (
+        b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n" b"Host: example.com\r\n" b"Content-Length: 10\r\n\r\n"
+    )
+
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states == {CLIENT: SEND_BODY, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+    assert p.conn[CLIENT].our_state is SEND_BODY
+    assert p.conn[CLIENT].their_state is SEND_RESPONSE
+    assert p.conn[SERVER].our_state is SEND_RESPONSE
+    assert p.conn[SERVER].their_state is SEND_BODY
+
+    assert p.conn[CLIENT].their_http_version is None
+    assert p.conn[SERVER].their_http_version == b"1.1"
+
+    data = p.send(SERVER, InformationalResponse(status_code=100, headers=[]))
+    assert data == b"HTTP/1.1 100 \r\n\r\n"
+
+    data = p.send(SERVER, Response(status_code=200, headers=[("Content-Length", "11")]))
+    assert data == b"HTTP/1.1 200 \r\nContent-Length: 11\r\n\r\n"
+
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states == {CLIENT: SEND_BODY, SERVER: SEND_BODY}
+
+    assert p.conn[CLIENT].their_http_version == b"1.1"
+    assert p.conn[SERVER].their_http_version == b"1.1"
+
+    data = p.send(CLIENT, Data(data=b"12345"))
+    assert data == b"12345"
+    data = p.send(
+        CLIENT, Data(data=b"67890"), expect=[Data(data=b"67890"), EndOfMessage()]
+    )
+    assert data == b"67890"
+    data = p.send(CLIENT, EndOfMessage(), expect=[])
+    assert data == b""
+
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states == {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: SEND_BODY}
+
+    data = p.send(SERVER, Data(data=b"1234567890"))
+    assert data == b"1234567890"
+    data = p.send(SERVER, Data(data=b"1"), expect=[Data(data=b"1"), EndOfMessage()])
+    assert data == b"1"
+    data = p.send(SERVER, EndOfMessage(), expect=[])
+    assert data == b""
+
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states == {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: DONE}
+
+
+def test_chunked():
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+
+    p.send(
+        CLIENT,
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/",
+            headers=[("Host", "example.com"), ("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")],
+        ),
+    )
+    data = p.send(CLIENT, Data(data=b"1234567890", chunk_start=True, chunk_end=True))
+    assert data == b"a\r\n1234567890\r\n"
+    data = p.send(CLIENT, Data(data=b"abcde", chunk_start=True, chunk_end=True))
+    assert data == b"5\r\nabcde\r\n"
+    data = p.send(CLIENT, Data(data=b""), expect=[])
+    assert data == b""
+    data = p.send(CLIENT, EndOfMessage(headers=[("hello", "there")]))
+    assert data == b"0\r\nhello: there\r\n\r\n"
+
+    p.send(
+        SERVER, Response(status_code=200, headers=[("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")])
+    )
+    p.send(SERVER, Data(data=b"54321", chunk_start=True, chunk_end=True))
+    p.send(SERVER, Data(data=b"12345", chunk_start=True, chunk_end=True))
+    p.send(SERVER, EndOfMessage())
+
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states == {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: DONE}
+
+
+def test_chunk_boundaries():
+    conn = Connection(our_role=SERVER)
+
+    request = (
+        b"POST / HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+        b"Host: example.com\r\n"
+        b"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n"
+        b"\r\n"
+    )
+    conn.receive_data(request)
+    assert conn.next_event() == Request(
+        method="POST",
+        target="/",
+        headers=[("Host", "example.com"), ("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")],
+    )
+    assert conn.next_event() is NEED_DATA
+
+    conn.receive_data(b"5\r\nhello\r\n")
+    assert conn.next_event() == Data(data=b"hello", chunk_start=True, chunk_end=True)
+
+    conn.receive_data(b"5\r\nhel")
+    assert conn.next_event() == Data(data=b"hel", chunk_start=True, chunk_end=False)
+
+    conn.receive_data(b"l")
+    assert conn.next_event() == Data(data=b"l", chunk_start=False, chunk_end=False)
+
+    conn.receive_data(b"o\r\n")
+    assert conn.next_event() == Data(data=b"o", chunk_start=False, chunk_end=True)
+
+    conn.receive_data(b"5\r\nhello")
+    assert conn.next_event() == Data(data=b"hello", chunk_start=True, chunk_end=True)
+
+    conn.receive_data(b"\r\n")
+    assert conn.next_event() == NEED_DATA
+
+    conn.receive_data(b"0\r\n\r\n")
+    assert conn.next_event() == EndOfMessage()
+
+
+def test_client_talking_to_http10_server():
+    c = Connection(CLIENT)
+    c.send(Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[("Host", "example.com")]))
+    c.send(EndOfMessage())
+    assert c.our_state is DONE
+    # No content-length, so Http10 framing for body
+    assert receive_and_get(c, b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n\r\n") == [
+        Response(status_code=200, headers=[], http_version="1.0", reason=b"OK")
+    ]
+    assert c.our_state is MUST_CLOSE
+    assert receive_and_get(c, b"12345") == [Data(data=b"12345")]
+    assert receive_and_get(c, b"67890") == [Data(data=b"67890")]
+    assert receive_and_get(c, b"") == [EndOfMessage(), ConnectionClosed()]
+    assert c.their_state is CLOSED
+
+
+def test_server_talking_to_http10_client():
+    c = Connection(SERVER)
+    # No content-length, so no body
+    # NB: no host header
+    assert receive_and_get(c, b"GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n") == [
+        Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[], http_version="1.0"),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+    ]
+    assert c.their_state is MUST_CLOSE
+
+    # We automatically Connection: close back at them
+    assert (
+        c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=[]))
+        == b"HTTP/1.1 200 \r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"
+    )
+
+    assert c.send(Data(data=b"12345")) == b"12345"
+    assert c.send(EndOfMessage()) == b""
+    assert c.our_state is MUST_CLOSE
+
+    # Check that it works if they do send Content-Length
+    c = Connection(SERVER)
+    # NB: no host header
+    assert receive_and_get(c, b"POST / HTTP/1.0\r\nContent-Length: 10\r\n\r\n1") == [
+        Request(
+            method="POST",
+            target="/",
+            headers=[("Content-Length", "10")],
+            http_version="1.0",
+        ),
+        Data(data=b"1"),
+    ]
+    assert receive_and_get(c, b"234567890") == [Data(data=b"234567890"), EndOfMessage()]
+    assert c.their_state is MUST_CLOSE
+    assert receive_and_get(c, b"") == [ConnectionClosed()]
+
+
+def test_automatic_transfer_encoding_in_response():
+    # Check that in responses, the user can specify either Transfer-Encoding:
+    # chunked or no framing at all, and in both cases we automatically select
+    # the right option depending on whether the peer speaks HTTP/1.0 or
+    # HTTP/1.1
+    for user_headers in [
+        [("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")],
+        [],
+        # In fact, this even works if Content-Length is set,
+        # because if both are set then Transfer-Encoding wins
+        [("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked"), ("Content-Length", "100")],
+    ]:
+        p = ConnectionPair()
+        p.send(
+            CLIENT,
+            [
+                Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[("Host", "example.com")]),
+                EndOfMessage(),
+            ],
+        )
+        # When speaking to HTTP/1.1 client, all of the above cases get
+        # normalized to Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+        p.send(
+            SERVER,
+            Response(status_code=200, headers=user_headers),
+            expect=Response(
+                status_code=200, headers=[("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")]
+            ),
+        )
+
+        # When speaking to HTTP/1.0 client, all of the above cases get
+        # normalized to no-framing-headers
+        c = Connection(SERVER)
+        receive_and_get(c, b"GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
+        assert (
+            c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=user_headers))
+            == b"HTTP/1.1 200 \r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"
+        )
+        assert c.send(Data(data=b"12345")) == b"12345"
+
+
+def test_automagic_connection_close_handling():
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+    # If the user explicitly sets Connection: close, then we notice and
+    # respect it
+    p.send(
+        CLIENT,
+        [
+            Request(
+                method="GET",
+                target="/",
+                headers=[("Host", "example.com"), ("Connection", "close")],
+            ),
+            EndOfMessage(),
+        ],
+    )
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states[CLIENT] is MUST_CLOSE
+    # And if the client sets it, the server automatically echoes it back
+    p.send(
+        SERVER,
+        # no header here...
+        [Response(status_code=204, headers=[]), EndOfMessage()],
+        # ...but oh look, it arrived anyway
+        expect=[
+            Response(status_code=204, headers=[("connection", "close")]),
+            EndOfMessage(),
+        ],
+    )
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states == {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE, SERVER: MUST_CLOSE}
+
+
+def test_100_continue():
+    def setup():
+        p = ConnectionPair()
+        p.send(
+            CLIENT,
+            Request(
+                method="GET",
+                target="/",
+                headers=[
+                    ("Host", "example.com"),
+                    ("Content-Length", "100"),
+                    ("Expect", "100-continue"),
+                ],
+            ),
+        )
+        for conn in p.conns:
+            assert conn.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+        assert not p.conn[CLIENT].they_are_waiting_for_100_continue
+        assert p.conn[SERVER].they_are_waiting_for_100_continue
+        return p
+
+    # Disabled by 100 Continue
+    p = setup()
+    p.send(SERVER, InformationalResponse(status_code=100, headers=[]))
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert not conn.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+        assert not conn.they_are_waiting_for_100_continue
+
+    # Disabled by a real response
+    p = setup()
+    p.send(
+        SERVER, Response(status_code=200, headers=[("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")])
+    )
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert not conn.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+        assert not conn.they_are_waiting_for_100_continue
+
+    # Disabled by the client going ahead and sending stuff anyway
+    p = setup()
+    p.send(CLIENT, Data(data=b"12345"))
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert not conn.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+        assert not conn.they_are_waiting_for_100_continue
+
+
+def test_max_incomplete_event_size_countermeasure():
+    # Infinitely long headers are definitely not okay
+    c = Connection(SERVER)
+    c.receive_data(b"GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nEndless: ")
+    assert c.next_event() is NEED_DATA
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+        while True:
+            c.receive_data(b"a" * 1024)
+            c.next_event()
+
+    # Checking that the same header is accepted / rejected depending on the
+    # max_incomplete_event_size setting:
+    c = Connection(SERVER, max_incomplete_event_size=5000)
+    c.receive_data(b"GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nBig: ")
+    c.receive_data(b"a" * 4000)
+    c.receive_data(b"\r\n\r\n")
+    assert get_all_events(c) == [
+        Request(
+            method="GET", target="/", http_version="1.0", headers=[("big", "a" * 4000)]
+        ),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+    ]
+
+    c = Connection(SERVER, max_incomplete_event_size=4000)
+    c.receive_data(b"GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nBig: ")
+    c.receive_data(b"a" * 4000)
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+        c.next_event()
+
+    # Temporarily exceeding the size limit is fine, as long as its done with
+    # complete events:
+    c = Connection(SERVER, max_incomplete_event_size=5000)
+    c.receive_data(b"GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nContent-Length: 10000")
+    c.receive_data(b"\r\n\r\n" + b"a" * 10000)
+    assert get_all_events(c) == [
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/",
+            http_version="1.0",
+            headers=[("Content-Length", "10000")],
+        ),
+        Data(data=b"a" * 10000),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+    ]
+
+    c = Connection(SERVER, max_incomplete_event_size=100)
+    # Two pipelined requests to create a way-too-big receive buffer... but
+    # it's fine because we're not checking
+    c.receive_data(
+        b"GET /1 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: a\r\n\r\n"
+        b"GET /2 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: b\r\n\r\n" + b"X" * 1000
+    )
+    assert get_all_events(c) == [
+        Request(method="GET", target="/1", headers=[("host", "a")]),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+    ]
+    # Even more data comes in, still no problem
+    c.receive_data(b"X" * 1000)
+    # We can respond and reuse to get the second pipelined request
+    c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=[]))
+    c.send(EndOfMessage())
+    c.start_next_cycle()
+    assert get_all_events(c) == [
+        Request(method="GET", target="/2", headers=[("host", "b")]),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+    ]
+    # But once we unpause and try to read the next message, and find that it's
+    # incomplete and the buffer is *still* way too large, then *that's* a
+    # problem:
+    c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=[]))
+    c.send(EndOfMessage())
+    c.start_next_cycle()
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+        c.next_event()
+
+
+def test_reuse_simple():
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+    p.send(
+        CLIENT,
+        [Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[("Host", "a")]), EndOfMessage()],
+    )
+    p.send(SERVER, [Response(status_code=200, headers=[]), EndOfMessage()])
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states == {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: DONE}
+        conn.start_next_cycle()
+
+    p.send(
+        CLIENT,
+        [
+            Request(method="DELETE", target="/foo", headers=[("Host", "a")]),
+            EndOfMessage(),
+        ],
+    )
+    p.send(SERVER, [Response(status_code=404, headers=[]), EndOfMessage()])
+
+
+def test_pipelining():
+    # Client doesn't support pipelining, so we have to do this by hand
+    c = Connection(SERVER)
+    assert c.next_event() is NEED_DATA
+    # 3 requests all bunched up
+    c.receive_data(
+        b"GET /1 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: a.com\r\nContent-Length: 5\r\n\r\n"
+        b"12345"
+        b"GET /2 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: a.com\r\nContent-Length: 5\r\n\r\n"
+        b"67890"
+        b"GET /3 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: a.com\r\n\r\n"
+    )
+    assert get_all_events(c) == [
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/1",
+            headers=[("Host", "a.com"), ("Content-Length", "5")],
+        ),
+        Data(data=b"12345"),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+    ]
+    assert c.their_state is DONE
+    assert c.our_state is SEND_RESPONSE
+
+    assert c.next_event() is PAUSED
+
+    c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=[]))
+    c.send(EndOfMessage())
+    assert c.their_state is DONE
+    assert c.our_state is DONE
+
+    c.start_next_cycle()
+
+    assert get_all_events(c) == [
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/2",
+            headers=[("Host", "a.com"), ("Content-Length", "5")],
+        ),
+        Data(data=b"67890"),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+    ]
+    assert c.next_event() is PAUSED
+    c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=[]))
+    c.send(EndOfMessage())
+    c.start_next_cycle()
+
+    assert get_all_events(c) == [
+        Request(method="GET", target="/3", headers=[("Host", "a.com")]),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+    ]
+    # Doesn't pause this time, no trailing data
+    assert c.next_event() is NEED_DATA
+    c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=[]))
+    c.send(EndOfMessage())
+
+    # Arrival of more data triggers pause
+    assert c.next_event() is NEED_DATA
+    c.receive_data(b"SADF")
+    assert c.next_event() is PAUSED
+    assert c.trailing_data == (b"SADF", False)
+    # If EOF arrives while paused, we don't see that either:
+    c.receive_data(b"")
+    assert c.trailing_data == (b"SADF", True)
+    assert c.next_event() is PAUSED
+    c.receive_data(b"")
+    assert c.next_event() is PAUSED
+    # Can't call receive_data with non-empty buf after closing it
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        c.receive_data(b"FDSA")
+
+
+def test_protocol_switch():
+    for (req, deny, accept) in [
+        (
+            Request(
+                method="CONNECT",
+                target="example.com:443",
+                headers=[("Host", "foo"), ("Content-Length", "1")],
+            ),
+            Response(status_code=404, headers=[]),
+            Response(status_code=200, headers=[]),
+        ),
+        (
+            Request(
+                method="GET",
+                target="/",
+                headers=[("Host", "foo"), ("Content-Length", "1"), ("Upgrade", "a, b")],
+            ),
+            Response(status_code=200, headers=[]),
+            InformationalResponse(status_code=101, headers=[("Upgrade", "a")]),
+        ),
+        (
+            Request(
+                method="CONNECT",
+                target="example.com:443",
+                headers=[("Host", "foo"), ("Content-Length", "1"), ("Upgrade", "a, b")],
+            ),
+            Response(status_code=404, headers=[]),
+            # Accept CONNECT, not upgrade
+            Response(status_code=200, headers=[]),
+        ),
+        (
+            Request(
+                method="CONNECT",
+                target="example.com:443",
+                headers=[("Host", "foo"), ("Content-Length", "1"), ("Upgrade", "a, b")],
+            ),
+            Response(status_code=404, headers=[]),
+            # Accept Upgrade, not CONNECT
+            InformationalResponse(status_code=101, headers=[("Upgrade", "b")]),
+        ),
+    ]:
+
+        def setup():
+            p = ConnectionPair()
+            p.send(CLIENT, req)
+            # No switch-related state change stuff yet; the client has to
+            # finish the request before that kicks in
+            for conn in p.conns:
+                assert conn.states[CLIENT] is SEND_BODY
+            p.send(CLIENT, [Data(data=b"1"), EndOfMessage()])
+            for conn in p.conns:
+                assert conn.states[CLIENT] is MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL
+            assert p.conn[SERVER].next_event() is PAUSED
+            return p
+
+        # Test deny case
+        p = setup()
+        p.send(SERVER, deny)
+        for conn in p.conns:
+            assert conn.states == {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: SEND_BODY}
+        p.send(SERVER, EndOfMessage())
+        # Check that re-use is still allowed after a denial
+        for conn in p.conns:
+            conn.start_next_cycle()
+
+        # Test accept case
+        p = setup()
+        p.send(SERVER, accept)
+        for conn in p.conns:
+            assert conn.states == {CLIENT: SWITCHED_PROTOCOL, SERVER: SWITCHED_PROTOCOL}
+            conn.receive_data(b"123")
+            assert conn.next_event() is PAUSED
+            conn.receive_data(b"456")
+            assert conn.next_event() is PAUSED
+            assert conn.trailing_data == (b"123456", False)
+
+        # Pausing in might-switch, then recovery
+        # (weird artificial case where the trailing data actually is valid
+        # HTTP for some reason, because this makes it easier to test the state
+        # logic)
+        p = setup()
+        sc = p.conn[SERVER]
+        sc.receive_data(b"GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
+        assert sc.next_event() is PAUSED
+        assert sc.trailing_data == (b"GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n", False)
+        sc.send(deny)
+        assert sc.next_event() is PAUSED
+        sc.send(EndOfMessage())
+        sc.start_next_cycle()
+        assert get_all_events(sc) == [
+            Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[], http_version="1.0"),
+            EndOfMessage(),
+        ]
+
+        # When we're DONE, have no trailing data, and the connection gets
+        # closed, we report ConnectionClosed(). When we're in might-switch or
+        # switched, we don't.
+        p = setup()
+        sc = p.conn[SERVER]
+        sc.receive_data(b"")
+        assert sc.next_event() is PAUSED
+        assert sc.trailing_data == (b"", True)
+        p.send(SERVER, accept)
+        assert sc.next_event() is PAUSED
+
+        p = setup()
+        sc = p.conn[SERVER]
+        sc.receive_data(b"") == []
+        assert sc.next_event() is PAUSED
+        sc.send(deny)
+        assert sc.next_event() == ConnectionClosed()
+
+        # You can't send after switching protocols, or while waiting for a
+        # protocol switch
+        p = setup()
+        with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+            p.conn[CLIENT].send(
+                Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[("Host", "a")])
+            )
+        p = setup()
+        p.send(SERVER, accept)
+        with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+            p.conn[SERVER].send(Data(data=b"123"))
+
+
+def test_close_simple():
+    # Just immediately closing a new connection without anything having
+    # happened yet.
+    for (who_shot_first, who_shot_second) in [(CLIENT, SERVER), (SERVER, CLIENT)]:
+
+        def setup():
+            p = ConnectionPair()
+            p.send(who_shot_first, ConnectionClosed())
+            for conn in p.conns:
+                assert conn.states == {
+                    who_shot_first: CLOSED,
+                    who_shot_second: MUST_CLOSE,
+                }
+            return p
+
+        # You can keep putting b"" into a closed connection, and you keep
+        # getting ConnectionClosed() out:
+        p = setup()
+        assert p.conn[who_shot_second].next_event() == ConnectionClosed()
+        assert p.conn[who_shot_second].next_event() == ConnectionClosed()
+        p.conn[who_shot_second].receive_data(b"")
+        assert p.conn[who_shot_second].next_event() == ConnectionClosed()
+        # Second party can close...
+        p = setup()
+        p.send(who_shot_second, ConnectionClosed())
+        for conn in p.conns:
+            assert conn.our_state is CLOSED
+            assert conn.their_state is CLOSED
+        # But trying to receive new data on a closed connection is a
+        # RuntimeError (not ProtocolError, because the problem here isn't
+        # violation of HTTP, it's violation of physics)
+        p = setup()
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+            p.conn[who_shot_second].receive_data(b"123")
+        # And receiving new data on a MUST_CLOSE connection is a ProtocolError
+        p = setup()
+        p.conn[who_shot_first].receive_data(b"GET")
+        with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+            p.conn[who_shot_first].next_event()
+
+
+def test_close_different_states():
+    req = [
+        Request(method="GET", target="/foo", headers=[("Host", "a")]),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+    ]
+    resp = [Response(status_code=200, headers=[]), EndOfMessage()]
+
+    # Client before request
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+    p.send(CLIENT, ConnectionClosed())
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states == {CLIENT: CLOSED, SERVER: MUST_CLOSE}
+
+    # Client after request
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+    p.send(CLIENT, req)
+    p.send(CLIENT, ConnectionClosed())
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states == {CLIENT: CLOSED, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+    # Server after request -> not allowed
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+    p.send(CLIENT, req)
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        p.conn[SERVER].send(ConnectionClosed())
+    p.conn[CLIENT].receive_data(b"")
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+        p.conn[CLIENT].next_event()
+
+    # Server after response
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+    p.send(CLIENT, req)
+    p.send(SERVER, resp)
+    p.send(SERVER, ConnectionClosed())
+    for conn in p.conns:
+        assert conn.states == {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE, SERVER: CLOSED}
+
+    # Both after closing (ConnectionClosed() is idempotent)
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+    p.send(CLIENT, req)
+    p.send(SERVER, resp)
+    p.send(CLIENT, ConnectionClosed())
+    p.send(SERVER, ConnectionClosed())
+    p.send(CLIENT, ConnectionClosed())
+    p.send(SERVER, ConnectionClosed())
+
+    # In the middle of sending -> not allowed
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+    p.send(
+        CLIENT,
+        Request(
+            method="GET", target="/", headers=[("Host", "a"), ("Content-Length", "10")]
+        ),
+    )
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        p.conn[CLIENT].send(ConnectionClosed())
+    p.conn[SERVER].receive_data(b"")
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+        p.conn[SERVER].next_event()
+
+
+# Receive several requests and then client shuts down their side of the
+# connection; we can respond to each
+def test_pipelined_close():
+    c = Connection(SERVER)
+    # 2 requests then a close
+    c.receive_data(
+        b"GET /1 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: a.com\r\nContent-Length: 5\r\n\r\n"
+        b"12345"
+        b"GET /2 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: a.com\r\nContent-Length: 5\r\n\r\n"
+        b"67890"
+    )
+    c.receive_data(b"")
+    assert get_all_events(c) == [
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/1",
+            headers=[("host", "a.com"), ("content-length", "5")],
+        ),
+        Data(data=b"12345"),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+    ]
+    assert c.states[CLIENT] is DONE
+    c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=[]))
+    c.send(EndOfMessage())
+    assert c.states[SERVER] is DONE
+    c.start_next_cycle()
+    assert get_all_events(c) == [
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/2",
+            headers=[("host", "a.com"), ("content-length", "5")],
+        ),
+        Data(data=b"67890"),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+        ConnectionClosed(),
+    ]
+    assert c.states == {CLIENT: CLOSED, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+    c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=[]))
+    c.send(EndOfMessage())
+    assert c.states == {CLIENT: CLOSED, SERVER: MUST_CLOSE}
+    c.send(ConnectionClosed())
+    assert c.states == {CLIENT: CLOSED, SERVER: CLOSED}
+
+
+def test_sendfile():
+    class SendfilePlaceholder:
+        def __len__(self):
+            return 10
+
+    placeholder = SendfilePlaceholder()
+
+    def setup(header, http_version):
+        c = Connection(SERVER)
+        receive_and_get(
+            c, "GET / HTTP/{}\r\nHost: a\r\n\r\n".format(http_version).encode("ascii")
+        )
+        headers = []
+        if header:
+            headers.append(header)
+        c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=headers))
+        return c, c.send_with_data_passthrough(Data(data=placeholder))
+
+    c, data = setup(("Content-Length", "10"), "1.1")
+    assert data == [placeholder]
+    # Raises an error if the connection object doesn't think we've sent
+    # exactly 10 bytes
+    c.send(EndOfMessage())
+
+    _, data = setup(("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked"), "1.1")
+    assert placeholder in data
+    data[data.index(placeholder)] = b"x" * 10
+    assert b"".join(data) == b"a\r\nxxxxxxxxxx\r\n"
+
+    c, data = setup(None, "1.0")
+    assert data == [placeholder]
+    assert c.our_state is SEND_BODY
+
+
+def test_errors():
+    # After a receive error, you can't receive
+    for role in [CLIENT, SERVER]:
+        c = Connection(our_role=role)
+        c.receive_data(b"gibberish\r\n\r\n")
+        with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+            c.next_event()
+        # Now any attempt to receive continues to raise
+        assert c.their_state is ERROR
+        assert c.our_state is not ERROR
+        print(c._cstate.states)
+        with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+            c.next_event()
+        # But we can still yell at the client for sending us gibberish
+        if role is SERVER:
+            assert (
+                c.send(Response(status_code=400, headers=[]))
+                == b"HTTP/1.1 400 \r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"
+            )
+
+    # After an error sending, you can no longer send
+    # (This is especially important for things like content-length errors,
+    # where there's complex internal state being modified)
+    def conn(role):
+        c = Connection(our_role=role)
+        if role is SERVER:
+            # Put it into the state where it *could* send a response...
+            receive_and_get(c, b"GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
+            assert c.our_state is SEND_RESPONSE
+        return c
+
+    for role in [CLIENT, SERVER]:
+        if role is CLIENT:
+            # This HTTP/1.0 request won't be detected as bad until after we go
+            # through the state machine and hit the writing code
+            good = Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[("Host", "example.com")])
+            bad = Request(
+                method="GET",
+                target="/",
+                headers=[("Host", "example.com")],
+                http_version="1.0",
+            )
+        elif role is SERVER:
+            good = Response(status_code=200, headers=[])
+            bad = Response(status_code=200, headers=[], http_version="1.0")
+        # Make sure 'good' actually is good
+        c = conn(role)
+        c.send(good)
+        assert c.our_state is not ERROR
+        # Do that again, but this time sending 'bad' first
+        c = conn(role)
+        with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+            c.send(bad)
+        assert c.our_state is ERROR
+        assert c.their_state is not ERROR
+        # Now 'good' is not so good
+        with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+            c.send(good)
+
+        # And check send_failed() too
+        c = conn(role)
+        c.send_failed()
+        assert c.our_state is ERROR
+        assert c.their_state is not ERROR
+        # This is idempotent
+        c.send_failed()
+        assert c.our_state is ERROR
+        assert c.their_state is not ERROR
+
+
+def test_idle_receive_nothing():
+    # At one point this incorrectly raised an error
+    for role in [CLIENT, SERVER]:
+        c = Connection(role)
+        assert c.next_event() is NEED_DATA
+
+
+def test_connection_drop():
+    c = Connection(SERVER)
+    c.receive_data(b"GET /")
+    assert c.next_event() is NEED_DATA
+    c.receive_data(b"")
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+        c.next_event()
+
+
+def test_408_request_timeout():
+    # Should be able to send this spontaneously as a server without seeing
+    # anything from client
+    p = ConnectionPair()
+    p.send(SERVER, Response(status_code=408, headers=[]))
+
+
+# This used to raise IndexError
+def test_empty_request():
+    c = Connection(SERVER)
+    c.receive_data(b"\r\n")
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+        c.next_event()
+
+
+# This used to raise IndexError
+def test_empty_response():
+    c = Connection(CLIENT)
+    c.send(Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[("Host", "a")]))
+    c.receive_data(b"\r\n")
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+        c.next_event()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "data",
+    [
+        b"\x00",
+        b"\x20",
+        b"\x16\x03\x01\x00\xa5",  # Typical start of a TLS Client Hello
+    ],
+)
+def test_early_detection_of_invalid_request(data):
+    c = Connection(SERVER)
+    # Early detection should occur before even receiving a `\r\n`
+    c.receive_data(data)
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+        c.next_event()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "data",
+    [
+        b"\x00",
+        b"\x20",
+        b"\x16\x03\x03\x00\x31",  # Typical start of a TLS Server Hello
+    ],
+)
+def test_early_detection_of_invalid_response(data):
+    c = Connection(CLIENT)
+    # Early detection should occur before even receiving a `\r\n`
+    c.receive_data(data)
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError):
+        c.next_event()
+
+
+# This used to give different headers for HEAD and GET.
+# The correct way to handle HEAD is to put whatever headers we *would* have
+# put if it were a GET -- even though we know that for HEAD, those headers
+# will be ignored.
+def test_HEAD_framing_headers():
+    def setup(method, http_version):
+        c = Connection(SERVER)
+        c.receive_data(
+            method + b" / HTTP/" + http_version + b"\r\n" + b"Host: example.com\r\n\r\n"
+        )
+        assert type(c.next_event()) is Request
+        assert type(c.next_event()) is EndOfMessage
+        return c
+
+    for method in [b"GET", b"HEAD"]:
+        # No Content-Length, HTTP/1.1 peer, should use chunked
+        c = setup(method, b"1.1")
+        assert (
+            c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=[])) == b"HTTP/1.1 200 \r\n"
+            b"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n"
+        )
+
+        # No Content-Length, HTTP/1.0 peer, frame with connection: close
+        c = setup(method, b"1.0")
+        assert (
+            c.send(Response(status_code=200, headers=[])) == b"HTTP/1.1 200 \r\n"
+            b"Connection: close\r\n\r\n"
+        )
+
+        # Content-Length + Transfer-Encoding, TE wins
+        c = setup(method, b"1.1")
+        assert (
+            c.send(
+                Response(
+                    status_code=200,
+                    headers=[
+                        ("Content-Length", "100"),
+                        ("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked"),
+                    ],
+                )
+            )
+            == b"HTTP/1.1 200 \r\n"
+            b"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n"
+        )
+
+
+def test_special_exceptions_for_lost_connection_in_message_body():
+    c = Connection(SERVER)
+    c.receive_data(
+        b"POST / HTTP/1.1\r\n" b"Host: example.com\r\n" b"Content-Length: 100\r\n\r\n"
+    )
+    assert type(c.next_event()) is Request
+    assert c.next_event() is NEED_DATA
+    c.receive_data(b"12345")
+    assert c.next_event() == Data(data=b"12345")
+    c.receive_data(b"")
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError) as excinfo:
+        c.next_event()
+    assert "received 5 bytes" in str(excinfo.value)
+    assert "expected 100" in str(excinfo.value)
+
+    c = Connection(SERVER)
+    c.receive_data(
+        b"POST / HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+        b"Host: example.com\r\n"
+        b"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n"
+    )
+    assert type(c.next_event()) is Request
+    assert c.next_event() is NEED_DATA
+    c.receive_data(b"8\r\n012345")
+    assert c.next_event().data == b"012345"
+    c.receive_data(b"")
+    with pytest.raises(RemoteProtocolError) as excinfo:
+        c.next_event()
+    assert "incomplete chunked read" in str(excinfo.value)
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/test_events.py b/packages/h11/tests/test_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e20f741c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/test_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+from http import HTTPStatus
+
+import pytest
+
+from .. import _events
+from .._events import *
+from .._util import LocalProtocolError
+
+
+def test_event_bundle():
+    class T(_events._EventBundle):
+        _fields = ["a", "b"]
+        _defaults = {"b": 1}
+
+        def _validate(self):
+            if self.a == 0:
+                raise ValueError
+
+    # basic construction and methods
+    t = T(a=1, b=0)
+    assert repr(t) == "T(a=1, b=0)"
+    assert t == T(a=1, b=0)
+    assert not (t == T(a=2, b=0))
+    assert not (t != T(a=1, b=0))
+    assert t != T(a=2, b=0)
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        hash(t)
+
+    # check defaults
+    t = T(a=10)
+    assert t.a == 10
+    assert t.b == 1
+
+    # no positional args
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        T(1)
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        T(1, a=1, b=0)
+
+    # unknown field
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        T(a=1, b=0, c=10)
+
+    # missing required field
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as exc:
+        T(b=0)
+    # make sure we error on the right missing kwarg
+    assert "kwarg a" in str(exc.value)
+
+    # _validate is called
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        T(a=0, b=0)
+
+
+def test_events():
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        # Missing Host:
+        req = Request(
+            method="GET", target="/", headers=[("a", "b")], http_version="1.1"
+        )
+    # But this is okay (HTTP/1.0)
+    req = Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[("a", "b")], http_version="1.0")
+    # fields are normalized
+    assert req.method == b"GET"
+    assert req.target == b"/"
+    assert req.headers == [(b"a", b"b")]
+    assert req.http_version == b"1.0"
+
+    # This is also okay -- has a Host (with weird capitalization, which is ok)
+    req = Request(
+        method="GET",
+        target="/",
+        headers=[("a", "b"), ("hOSt", "example.com")],
+        http_version="1.1",
+    )
+    # we normalize header capitalization
+    assert req.headers == [(b"a", b"b"), (b"host", b"example.com")]
+
+    # Multiple host is bad too
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        req = Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/",
+            headers=[("Host", "a"), ("Host", "a")],
+            http_version="1.1",
+        )
+    # Even for HTTP/1.0
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        req = Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/",
+            headers=[("Host", "a"), ("Host", "a")],
+            http_version="1.0",
+        )
+
+    # Header values are validated
+    for bad_char in "\x00\r\n\f\v":
+        with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+            req = Request(
+                method="GET",
+                target="/",
+                headers=[("Host", "a"), ("Foo", "asd" + bad_char)],
+                http_version="1.0",
+            )
+
+    # But for compatibility we allow non-whitespace control characters, even
+    # though they're forbidden by the spec.
+    Request(
+        method="GET",
+        target="/",
+        headers=[("Host", "a"), ("Foo", "asd\x01\x02\x7f")],
+        http_version="1.0",
+    )
+
+    # Request target is validated
+    for bad_char in b"\x00\x20\x7f\xee":
+        target = bytearray(b"/")
+        target.append(bad_char)
+        with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+            Request(
+                method="GET", target=target, headers=[("Host", "a")], http_version="1.1"
+            )
+
+    ir = InformationalResponse(status_code=100, headers=[("Host", "a")])
+    assert ir.status_code == 100
+    assert ir.headers == [(b"host", b"a")]
+    assert ir.http_version == b"1.1"
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        InformationalResponse(status_code=200, headers=[("Host", "a")])
+
+    resp = Response(status_code=204, headers=[], http_version="1.0")
+    assert resp.status_code == 204
+    assert resp.headers == []
+    assert resp.http_version == b"1.0"
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        resp = Response(status_code=100, headers=[], http_version="1.0")
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        Response(status_code="100", headers=[], http_version="1.0")
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        InformationalResponse(status_code=b"100", headers=[], http_version="1.0")
+
+    d = Data(data=b"asdf")
+    assert d.data == b"asdf"
+
+    eom = EndOfMessage()
+    assert eom.headers == []
+
+    cc = ConnectionClosed()
+    assert repr(cc) == "ConnectionClosed()"
+
+
+def test_intenum_status_code():
+    # https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/issues/72
+
+    r = Response(status_code=HTTPStatus.OK, headers=[], http_version="1.0")
+    assert r.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK
+    assert type(r.status_code) is not type(HTTPStatus.OK)
+    assert type(r.status_code) is int
+
+
+def test_header_casing():
+    r = Request(
+        method="GET",
+        target="/",
+        headers=[("Host", "example.org"), ("Connection", "keep-alive")],
+        http_version="1.1",
+    )
+    assert len(r.headers) == 2
+    assert r.headers[0] == (b"host", b"example.org")
+    assert r.headers == [(b"host", b"example.org"), (b"connection", b"keep-alive")]
+    assert r.headers.raw_items() == [
+        (b"Host", b"example.org"),
+        (b"Connection", b"keep-alive"),
+    ]
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/test_headers.py b/packages/h11/tests/test_headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff3dc8d75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/test_headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import pytest
+
+from .._headers import *
+
+
+def test_normalize_and_validate():
+    assert normalize_and_validate([("foo", "bar")]) == [(b"foo", b"bar")]
+    assert normalize_and_validate([(b"foo", b"bar")]) == [(b"foo", b"bar")]
+
+    # no leading/trailing whitespace in names
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([(b"foo ", "bar")])
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([(b" foo", "bar")])
+
+    # no weird characters in names
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError) as excinfo:
+        normalize_and_validate([(b"foo bar", b"baz")])
+    assert "foo bar" in str(excinfo.value)
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([(b"foo\x00bar", b"baz")])
+    # Not even 8-bit characters:
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([(b"foo\xffbar", b"baz")])
+    # And not even the control characters we allow in values:
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([(b"foo\x01bar", b"baz")])
+
+    # no return or NUL characters in values
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError) as excinfo:
+        normalize_and_validate([("foo", "bar\rbaz")])
+    assert "bar\\rbaz" in str(excinfo.value)
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([("foo", "bar\nbaz")])
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([("foo", "bar\x00baz")])
+    # no leading/trailing whitespace
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([("foo", "barbaz  ")])
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([("foo", "  barbaz")])
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([("foo", "barbaz\t")])
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([("foo", "\tbarbaz")])
+
+    # content-length
+    assert normalize_and_validate([("Content-Length", "1")]) == [
+        (b"content-length", b"1")
+    ]
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([("Content-Length", "asdf")])
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([("Content-Length", "1x")])
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([("Content-Length", "1"), ("Content-Length", "2")])
+    assert normalize_and_validate(
+        [("Content-Length", "0"), ("Content-Length", "0")]
+    ) == [(b"content-length", b"0")]
+    assert normalize_and_validate([("Content-Length", "0 , 0")]) == [
+        (b"content-length", b"0")
+    ]
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate(
+            [("Content-Length", "1"), ("Content-Length", "1"), ("Content-Length", "2")]
+        )
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        normalize_and_validate([("Content-Length", "1 , 1,2")])
+
+    # transfer-encoding
+    assert normalize_and_validate([("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")]) == [
+        (b"transfer-encoding", b"chunked")
+    ]
+    assert normalize_and_validate([("Transfer-Encoding", "cHuNkEd")]) == [
+        (b"transfer-encoding", b"chunked")
+    ]
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError) as excinfo:
+        normalize_and_validate([("Transfer-Encoding", "gzip")])
+    assert excinfo.value.error_status_hint == 501  # Not Implemented
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError) as excinfo:
+        normalize_and_validate(
+            [("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked"), ("Transfer-Encoding", "gzip")]
+        )
+    assert excinfo.value.error_status_hint == 501  # Not Implemented
+
+
+def test_get_set_comma_header():
+    headers = normalize_and_validate(
+        [
+            ("Connection", "close"),
+            ("whatever", "something"),
+            ("connectiON", "fOo,, , BAR"),
+        ]
+    )
+
+    assert get_comma_header(headers, b"connection") == [b"close", b"foo", b"bar"]
+
+    headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"newthing", ["a", "b"])
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        set_comma_header(headers, b"newthing", ["  a", "b"])
+
+    assert headers == [
+        (b"connection", b"close"),
+        (b"whatever", b"something"),
+        (b"connection", b"fOo,, , BAR"),
+        (b"newthing", b"a"),
+        (b"newthing", b"b"),
+    ]
+
+    headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"whatever", ["different thing"])
+
+    assert headers == [
+        (b"connection", b"close"),
+        (b"connection", b"fOo,, , BAR"),
+        (b"newthing", b"a"),
+        (b"newthing", b"b"),
+        (b"whatever", b"different thing"),
+    ]
+
+
+def test_has_100_continue():
+    from .._events import Request
+
+    assert has_expect_100_continue(
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/",
+            headers=[("Host", "example.com"), ("Expect", "100-continue")],
+        )
+    )
+    assert not has_expect_100_continue(
+        Request(method="GET", target="/", headers=[("Host", "example.com")])
+    )
+    # Case insensitive
+    assert has_expect_100_continue(
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/",
+            headers=[("Host", "example.com"), ("Expect", "100-Continue")],
+        )
+    )
+    # Doesn't work in HTTP/1.0
+    assert not has_expect_100_continue(
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/",
+            headers=[("Host", "example.com"), ("Expect", "100-continue")],
+            http_version="1.0",
+        )
+    )
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/test_helpers.py b/packages/h11/tests/test_helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1477947af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/test_helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from .helpers import *
+
+
+def test_normalize_data_events():
+    assert normalize_data_events(
+        [
+            Data(data=bytearray(b"1")),
+            Data(data=b"2"),
+            Response(status_code=200, headers=[]),
+            Data(data=b"3"),
+            Data(data=b"4"),
+            EndOfMessage(),
+            Data(data=b"5"),
+            Data(data=b"6"),
+            Data(data=b"7"),
+        ]
+    ) == [
+        Data(data=b"12"),
+        Response(status_code=200, headers=[]),
+        Data(data=b"34"),
+        EndOfMessage(),
+        Data(data=b"567"),
+    ]
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/test_io.py b/packages/h11/tests/test_io.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..459a627d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/test_io.py
@@ -0,0 +1,544 @@
+import pytest
+
+from .._events import *
+from .._headers import Headers, normalize_and_validate
+from .._readers import (
+    _obsolete_line_fold,
+    ChunkedReader,
+    ContentLengthReader,
+    Http10Reader,
+    READERS,
+)
+from .._receivebuffer import ReceiveBuffer
+from .._state import *
+from .._util import LocalProtocolError
+from .._writers import (
+    ChunkedWriter,
+    ContentLengthWriter,
+    Http10Writer,
+    write_any_response,
+    write_headers,
+    write_request,
+    WRITERS,
+)
+from .helpers import normalize_data_events
+
+SIMPLE_CASES = [
+    (
+        (CLIENT, IDLE),
+        Request(
+            method="GET",
+            target="/a",
+            headers=[("Host", "foo"), ("Connection", "close")],
+        ),
+        b"GET /a HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: foo\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n",
+    ),
+    (
+        (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE),
+        Response(status_code=200, headers=[("Connection", "close")], reason=b"OK"),
+        b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n",
+    ),
+    (
+        (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE),
+        Response(status_code=200, headers=[], reason=b"OK"),
+        b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n",
+    ),
+    (
+        (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE),
+        InformationalResponse(
+            status_code=101, headers=[("Upgrade", "websocket")], reason=b"Upgrade"
+        ),
+        b"HTTP/1.1 101 Upgrade\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\n\r\n",
+    ),
+    (
+        (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE),
+        InformationalResponse(status_code=101, headers=[], reason=b"Upgrade"),
+        b"HTTP/1.1 101 Upgrade\r\n\r\n",
+    ),
+]
+
+
+def dowrite(writer, obj):
+    got_list = []
+    writer(obj, got_list.append)
+    return b"".join(got_list)
+
+
+def tw(writer, obj, expected):
+    got = dowrite(writer, obj)
+    assert got == expected
+
+
+def makebuf(data):
+    buf = ReceiveBuffer()
+    buf += data
+    return buf
+
+
+def tr(reader, data, expected):
+    def check(got):
+        assert got == expected
+        # Headers should always be returned as bytes, not e.g. bytearray
+        # https://github.com/python-hyper/wsproto/pull/54#issuecomment-377709478
+        for name, value in getattr(got, "headers", []):
+            print(name, value)
+            assert type(name) is bytes
+            assert type(value) is bytes
+
+    # Simple: consume whole thing
+    buf = makebuf(data)
+    check(reader(buf))
+    assert not buf
+
+    # Incrementally growing buffer
+    buf = ReceiveBuffer()
+    for i in range(len(data)):
+        assert reader(buf) is None
+        buf += data[i : i + 1]
+    check(reader(buf))
+
+    # Trailing data
+    buf = makebuf(data)
+    buf += b"trailing"
+    check(reader(buf))
+    assert bytes(buf) == b"trailing"
+
+
+def test_writers_simple():
+    for ((role, state), event, binary) in SIMPLE_CASES:
+        tw(WRITERS[role, state], event, binary)
+
+
+def test_readers_simple():
+    for ((role, state), event, binary) in SIMPLE_CASES:
+        tr(READERS[role, state], binary, event)
+
+
+def test_writers_unusual():
+    # Simple test of the write_headers utility routine
+    tw(
+        write_headers,
+        normalize_and_validate([("foo", "bar"), ("baz", "quux")]),
+        b"foo: bar\r\nbaz: quux\r\n\r\n",
+    )
+    tw(write_headers, Headers([]), b"\r\n")
+
+    # We understand HTTP/1.0, but we don't speak it
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        tw(
+            write_request,
+            Request(
+                method="GET",
+                target="/",
+                headers=[("Host", "foo"), ("Connection", "close")],
+                http_version="1.0",
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        tw(
+            write_any_response,
+            Response(
+                status_code=200, headers=[("Connection", "close")], http_version="1.0"
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
+
+
+def test_readers_unusual():
+    # Reading HTTP/1.0
+    tr(
+        READERS[CLIENT, IDLE],
+        b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.0\r\nSome: header\r\n\r\n",
+        Request(
+            method="HEAD",
+            target="/foo",
+            headers=[("Some", "header")],
+            http_version="1.0",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # check no-headers, since it's only legal with HTTP/1.0
+    tr(
+        READERS[CLIENT, IDLE],
+        b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n",
+        Request(method="HEAD", target="/foo", headers=[], http_version="1.0"),
+    )
+
+    tr(
+        READERS[SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE],
+        b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nSome: header\r\n\r\n",
+        Response(
+            status_code=200,
+            headers=[("Some", "header")],
+            http_version="1.0",
+            reason=b"OK",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # single-character header values (actually disallowed by the ABNF in RFC
+    # 7230 -- this is a bug in the standard that we originally copied...)
+    tr(
+        READERS[SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE],
+        b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n" b"Foo: a a a a a \r\n\r\n",
+        Response(
+            status_code=200,
+            headers=[("Foo", "a a a a a")],
+            http_version="1.0",
+            reason=b"OK",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Empty headers -- also legal
+    tr(
+        READERS[SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE],
+        b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n" b"Foo:\r\n\r\n",
+        Response(
+            status_code=200, headers=[("Foo", "")], http_version="1.0", reason=b"OK"
+        ),
+    )
+
+    tr(
+        READERS[SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE],
+        b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n" b"Foo: \t \t \r\n\r\n",
+        Response(
+            status_code=200, headers=[("Foo", "")], http_version="1.0", reason=b"OK"
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Tolerate broken servers that leave off the response code
+    tr(
+        READERS[SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE],
+        b"HTTP/1.0 200\r\n" b"Foo: bar\r\n\r\n",
+        Response(
+            status_code=200, headers=[("Foo", "bar")], http_version="1.0", reason=b""
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Tolerate headers line endings (\r\n and \n)
+    #    \n\r\b between headers and body
+    tr(
+        READERS[SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE],
+        b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nSomeHeader: val\n\r\n",
+        Response(
+            status_code=200,
+            headers=[("SomeHeader", "val")],
+            http_version="1.1",
+            reason="OK",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    #   delimited only with \n
+    tr(
+        READERS[SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE],
+        b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\nSomeHeader1: val1\nSomeHeader2: val2\n\n",
+        Response(
+            status_code=200,
+            headers=[("SomeHeader1", "val1"), ("SomeHeader2", "val2")],
+            http_version="1.1",
+            reason="OK",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    #   mixed \r\n and \n
+    tr(
+        READERS[SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE],
+        b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nSomeHeader1: val1\nSomeHeader2: val2\n\r\n",
+        Response(
+            status_code=200,
+            headers=[("SomeHeader1", "val1"), ("SomeHeader2", "val2")],
+            http_version="1.1",
+            reason="OK",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # obsolete line folding
+    tr(
+        READERS[CLIENT, IDLE],
+        b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+        b"Host: example.com\r\n"
+        b"Some: multi-line\r\n"
+        b" header\r\n"
+        b"\tnonsense\r\n"
+        b"    \t   \t\tI guess\r\n"
+        b"Connection: close\r\n"
+        b"More-nonsense: in the\r\n"
+        b"    last header  \r\n\r\n",
+        Request(
+            method="HEAD",
+            target="/foo",
+            headers=[
+                ("Host", "example.com"),
+                ("Some", "multi-line header nonsense I guess"),
+                ("Connection", "close"),
+                ("More-nonsense", "in the last header"),
+            ],
+        ),
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        tr(
+            READERS[CLIENT, IDLE],
+            b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.1\r\n" b"  folded: line\r\n\r\n",
+            None,
+        )
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        tr(
+            READERS[CLIENT, IDLE],
+            b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.1\r\n" b"foo  : line\r\n\r\n",
+            None,
+        )
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        tr(
+            READERS[CLIENT, IDLE],
+            b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.1\r\n" b"foo\t: line\r\n\r\n",
+            None,
+        )
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        tr(
+            READERS[CLIENT, IDLE],
+            b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.1\r\n" b"foo\t: line\r\n\r\n",
+            None,
+        )
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        tr(READERS[CLIENT, IDLE], b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.1\r\n" b": line\r\n\r\n", None)
+
+
+def test__obsolete_line_fold_bytes():
+    # _obsolete_line_fold has a defensive cast to bytearray, which is
+    # necessary to protect against O(n^2) behavior in case anyone ever passes
+    # in regular bytestrings... but right now we never pass in regular
+    # bytestrings. so this test just exists to get some coverage on that
+    # defensive cast.
+    assert list(_obsolete_line_fold([b"aaa", b"bbb", b"  ccc", b"ddd"])) == [
+        b"aaa",
+        bytearray(b"bbb ccc"),
+        b"ddd",
+    ]
+
+
+def _run_reader_iter(reader, buf, do_eof):
+    while True:
+        event = reader(buf)
+        if event is None:
+            break
+        yield event
+        # body readers have undefined behavior after returning EndOfMessage,
+        # because this changes the state so they don't get called again
+        if type(event) is EndOfMessage:
+            break
+    if do_eof:
+        assert not buf
+        yield reader.read_eof()
+
+
+def _run_reader(*args):
+    events = list(_run_reader_iter(*args))
+    return normalize_data_events(events)
+
+
+def t_body_reader(thunk, data, expected, do_eof=False):
+    # Simple: consume whole thing
+    print("Test 1")
+    buf = makebuf(data)
+    assert _run_reader(thunk(), buf, do_eof) == expected
+
+    # Incrementally growing buffer
+    print("Test 2")
+    reader = thunk()
+    buf = ReceiveBuffer()
+    events = []
+    for i in range(len(data)):
+        events += _run_reader(reader, buf, False)
+        buf += data[i : i + 1]
+    events += _run_reader(reader, buf, do_eof)
+    assert normalize_data_events(events) == expected
+
+    is_complete = any(type(event) is EndOfMessage for event in expected)
+    if is_complete and not do_eof:
+        buf = makebuf(data + b"trailing")
+        assert _run_reader(thunk(), buf, False) == expected
+
+
+def test_ContentLengthReader():
+    t_body_reader(lambda: ContentLengthReader(0), b"", [EndOfMessage()])
+
+    t_body_reader(
+        lambda: ContentLengthReader(10),
+        b"0123456789",
+        [Data(data=b"0123456789"), EndOfMessage()],
+    )
+
+
+def test_Http10Reader():
+    t_body_reader(Http10Reader, b"", [EndOfMessage()], do_eof=True)
+    t_body_reader(Http10Reader, b"asdf", [Data(data=b"asdf")], do_eof=False)
+    t_body_reader(
+        Http10Reader, b"asdf", [Data(data=b"asdf"), EndOfMessage()], do_eof=True
+    )
+
+
+def test_ChunkedReader():
+    t_body_reader(ChunkedReader, b"0\r\n\r\n", [EndOfMessage()])
+
+    t_body_reader(
+        ChunkedReader,
+        b"0\r\nSome: header\r\n\r\n",
+        [EndOfMessage(headers=[("Some", "header")])],
+    )
+
+    t_body_reader(
+        ChunkedReader,
+        b"5\r\n01234\r\n"
+        + b"10\r\n0123456789abcdef\r\n"
+        + b"0\r\n"
+        + b"Some: header\r\n\r\n",
+        [
+            Data(data=b"012340123456789abcdef"),
+            EndOfMessage(headers=[("Some", "header")]),
+        ],
+    )
+
+    t_body_reader(
+        ChunkedReader,
+        b"5\r\n01234\r\n" + b"10\r\n0123456789abcdef\r\n" + b"0\r\n\r\n",
+        [Data(data=b"012340123456789abcdef"), EndOfMessage()],
+    )
+
+    # handles upper and lowercase hex
+    t_body_reader(
+        ChunkedReader,
+        b"aA\r\n" + b"x" * 0xAA + b"\r\n" + b"0\r\n\r\n",
+        [Data(data=b"x" * 0xAA), EndOfMessage()],
+    )
+
+    # refuses arbitrarily long chunk integers
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        # Technically this is legal HTTP/1.1, but we refuse to process chunk
+        # sizes that don't fit into 20 characters of hex
+        t_body_reader(ChunkedReader, b"9" * 100 + b"\r\nxxx", [Data(data=b"xxx")])
+
+    # refuses garbage in the chunk count
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        t_body_reader(ChunkedReader, b"10\x00\r\nxxx", None)
+
+    # handles (and discards) "chunk extensions" omg wtf
+    t_body_reader(
+        ChunkedReader,
+        b"5; hello=there\r\n"
+        + b"xxxxx"
+        + b"\r\n"
+        + b'0; random="junk"; some=more; canbe=lonnnnngg\r\n\r\n',
+        [Data(data=b"xxxxx"), EndOfMessage()],
+    )
+
+
+def test_ContentLengthWriter():
+    w = ContentLengthWriter(5)
+    assert dowrite(w, Data(data=b"123")) == b"123"
+    assert dowrite(w, Data(data=b"45")) == b"45"
+    assert dowrite(w, EndOfMessage()) == b""
+
+    w = ContentLengthWriter(5)
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        dowrite(w, Data(data=b"123456"))
+
+    w = ContentLengthWriter(5)
+    dowrite(w, Data(data=b"123"))
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        dowrite(w, Data(data=b"456"))
+
+    w = ContentLengthWriter(5)
+    dowrite(w, Data(data=b"123"))
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        dowrite(w, EndOfMessage())
+
+    w = ContentLengthWriter(5)
+    dowrite(w, Data(data=b"123")) == b"123"
+    dowrite(w, Data(data=b"45")) == b"45"
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        dowrite(w, EndOfMessage(headers=[("Etag", "asdf")]))
+
+
+def test_ChunkedWriter():
+    w = ChunkedWriter()
+    assert dowrite(w, Data(data=b"aaa")) == b"3\r\naaa\r\n"
+    assert dowrite(w, Data(data=b"a" * 20)) == b"14\r\n" + b"a" * 20 + b"\r\n"
+
+    assert dowrite(w, Data(data=b"")) == b""
+
+    assert dowrite(w, EndOfMessage()) == b"0\r\n\r\n"
+
+    assert (
+        dowrite(w, EndOfMessage(headers=[("Etag", "asdf"), ("a", "b")]))
+        == b"0\r\nEtag: asdf\r\na: b\r\n\r\n"
+    )
+
+
+def test_Http10Writer():
+    w = Http10Writer()
+    assert dowrite(w, Data(data=b"1234")) == b"1234"
+    assert dowrite(w, EndOfMessage()) == b""
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        dowrite(w, EndOfMessage(headers=[("Etag", "asdf")]))
+
+
+def test_reject_garbage_after_request_line():
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        tr(READERS[SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE], b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\x00xxxx\r\n\r\n", None)
+
+
+def test_reject_garbage_after_response_line():
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        tr(
+            READERS[CLIENT, IDLE],
+            b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.1 xxxxxx\r\n" b"Host: a\r\n\r\n",
+            None,
+        )
+
+
+def test_reject_garbage_in_header_line():
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        tr(
+            READERS[CLIENT, IDLE],
+            b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.1\r\n" b"Host: foo\x00bar\r\n\r\n",
+            None,
+        )
+
+
+def test_reject_non_vchar_in_path():
+    for bad_char in b"\x00\x20\x7f\xee":
+        message = bytearray(b"HEAD /")
+        message.append(bad_char)
+        message.extend(b" HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: foobar\r\n\r\n")
+        with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+            tr(READERS[CLIENT, IDLE], message, None)
+
+
+# https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/issues/57
+def test_allow_some_garbage_in_cookies():
+    tr(
+        READERS[CLIENT, IDLE],
+        b"HEAD /foo HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+        b"Host: foo\r\n"
+        b"Set-Cookie: ___utmvafIumyLc=kUd\x01UpAt; path=/; Max-Age=900\r\n"
+        b"\r\n",
+        Request(
+            method="HEAD",
+            target="/foo",
+            headers=[
+                ("Host", "foo"),
+                ("Set-Cookie", "___utmvafIumyLc=kUd\x01UpAt; path=/; Max-Age=900"),
+            ],
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def test_host_comes_first():
+    tw(
+        write_headers,
+        normalize_and_validate([("foo", "bar"), ("Host", "example.com")]),
+        b"Host: example.com\r\nfoo: bar\r\n\r\n",
+    )
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/test_receivebuffer.py b/packages/h11/tests/test_receivebuffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a61f9dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/test_receivebuffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .._receivebuffer import ReceiveBuffer
+
+
+def test_receivebuffer():
+    b = ReceiveBuffer()
+    assert not b
+    assert len(b) == 0
+    assert bytes(b) == b""
+
+    b += b"123"
+    assert b
+    assert len(b) == 3
+    assert bytes(b) == b"123"
+
+    assert bytes(b) == b"123"
+
+    assert b.maybe_extract_at_most(2) == b"12"
+    assert b
+    assert len(b) == 1
+    assert bytes(b) == b"3"
+
+    assert bytes(b) == b"3"
+
+    assert b.maybe_extract_at_most(10) == b"3"
+    assert bytes(b) == b""
+
+    assert b.maybe_extract_at_most(10) is None
+    assert not b
+
+    ################################################################
+    # maybe_extract_until_next
+    ################################################################
+
+    b += b"123\n456\r\n789\r\n"
+
+    assert b.maybe_extract_next_line() == b"123\n456\r\n"
+    assert bytes(b) == b"789\r\n"
+
+    assert b.maybe_extract_next_line() == b"789\r\n"
+    assert bytes(b) == b""
+
+    b += b"12\r"
+    assert b.maybe_extract_next_line() is None
+    assert bytes(b) == b"12\r"
+
+    b += b"345\n\r"
+    assert b.maybe_extract_next_line() is None
+    assert bytes(b) == b"12\r345\n\r"
+
+    # here we stopped at the middle of b"\r\n" delimiter
+
+    b += b"\n6789aaa123\r\n"
+    assert b.maybe_extract_next_line() == b"12\r345\n\r\n"
+    assert b.maybe_extract_next_line() == b"6789aaa123\r\n"
+    assert b.maybe_extract_next_line() is None
+    assert bytes(b) == b""
+
+    ################################################################
+    # maybe_extract_lines
+    ################################################################
+
+    b += b"123\r\na: b\r\nfoo:bar\r\n\r\ntrailing"
+    lines = b.maybe_extract_lines()
+    assert lines == [b"123", b"a: b", b"foo:bar"]
+    assert bytes(b) == b"trailing"
+
+    assert b.maybe_extract_lines() is None
+
+    b += b"\r\n\r"
+    assert b.maybe_extract_lines() is None
+
+    assert b.maybe_extract_at_most(100) == b"trailing\r\n\r"
+    assert not b
+
+    # Empty body case (as happens at the end of chunked encoding if there are
+    # no trailing headers, e.g.)
+    b += b"\r\ntrailing"
+    assert b.maybe_extract_lines() == []
+    assert bytes(b) == b"trailing"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "data",
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            (
+                b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
+                b"Content-type: text/plain\r\n",
+                b"Connection: close\r\n",
+                b"\r\n",
+                b"Some body",
+            ),
+            id="with_crlf_delimiter",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            (
+                b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n",
+                b"Content-type: text/plain\n",
+                b"Connection: close\n",
+                b"\n",
+                b"Some body",
+            ),
+            id="with_lf_only_delimiter",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            (
+                b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n",
+                b"Content-type: text/plain\r\n",
+                b"Connection: close\n",
+                b"\n",
+                b"Some body",
+            ),
+            id="with_mixed_crlf_and_lf",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_receivebuffer_for_invalid_delimiter(data):
+    b = ReceiveBuffer()
+
+    for line in data:
+        b += line
+
+    lines = b.maybe_extract_lines()
+
+    assert lines == [
+        b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK",
+        b"Content-type: text/plain",
+        b"Connection: close",
+    ]
+    assert bytes(b) == b"Some body"
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/test_state.py b/packages/h11/tests/test_state.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efe83f0ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/test_state.py
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+import pytest
+
+from .._events import *
+from .._state import *
+from .._state import _SWITCH_CONNECT, _SWITCH_UPGRADE, ConnectionState
+from .._util import LocalProtocolError
+
+
+def test_ConnectionState():
+    cs = ConnectionState()
+
+    # Basic event-triggered transitions
+
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
+
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+    # The SERVER-Request special case:
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: SEND_BODY, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+    # Illegal transitions raise an error and nothing happens
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: SEND_BODY, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, InformationalResponse)
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: SEND_BODY, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, Response)
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: SEND_BODY, SERVER: SEND_BODY}
+
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, EndOfMessage)
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: DONE}
+
+    # State-triggered transition
+
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, ConnectionClosed)
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE, SERVER: CLOSED}
+
+
+def test_ConnectionState_keep_alive():
+    # keep_alive = False
+    cs = ConnectionState()
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+    cs.process_keep_alive_disabled()
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, Response)
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, EndOfMessage)
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE, SERVER: MUST_CLOSE}
+
+
+def test_ConnectionState_keep_alive_in_DONE():
+    # Check that if keep_alive is disabled when the CLIENT is already in DONE,
+    # then this is sufficient to immediately trigger the DONE -> MUST_CLOSE
+    # transition
+    cs = ConnectionState()
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+    assert cs.states[CLIENT] is DONE
+    cs.process_keep_alive_disabled()
+    assert cs.states[CLIENT] is MUST_CLOSE
+
+
+def test_ConnectionState_switch_denied():
+    for switch_type in (_SWITCH_CONNECT, _SWITCH_UPGRADE):
+        for deny_early in (True, False):
+            cs = ConnectionState()
+            cs.process_client_switch_proposal(switch_type)
+            cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+            cs.process_event(CLIENT, Data)
+            assert cs.states == {CLIENT: SEND_BODY, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+            assert switch_type in cs.pending_switch_proposals
+
+            if deny_early:
+                # before client reaches DONE
+                cs.process_event(SERVER, Response)
+                assert not cs.pending_switch_proposals
+
+            cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+
+            if deny_early:
+                assert cs.states == {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: SEND_BODY}
+            else:
+                assert cs.states == {
+                    CLIENT: MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL,
+                    SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE,
+                }
+
+                cs.process_event(SERVER, InformationalResponse)
+                assert cs.states == {
+                    CLIENT: MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL,
+                    SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE,
+                }
+
+                cs.process_event(SERVER, Response)
+                assert cs.states == {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: SEND_BODY}
+                assert not cs.pending_switch_proposals
+
+
+_response_type_for_switch = {
+    _SWITCH_UPGRADE: InformationalResponse,
+    _SWITCH_CONNECT: Response,
+    None: Response,
+}
+
+
+def test_ConnectionState_protocol_switch_accepted():
+    for switch_event in [_SWITCH_UPGRADE, _SWITCH_CONNECT]:
+        cs = ConnectionState()
+        cs.process_client_switch_proposal(switch_event)
+        cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+        cs.process_event(CLIENT, Data)
+        assert cs.states == {CLIENT: SEND_BODY, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+        cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+        assert cs.states == {CLIENT: MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+        cs.process_event(SERVER, InformationalResponse)
+        assert cs.states == {CLIENT: MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+        cs.process_event(SERVER, _response_type_for_switch[switch_event], switch_event)
+        assert cs.states == {CLIENT: SWITCHED_PROTOCOL, SERVER: SWITCHED_PROTOCOL}
+
+
+def test_ConnectionState_double_protocol_switch():
+    # CONNECT + Upgrade is legal! Very silly, but legal. So we support
+    # it. Because sometimes doing the silly thing is easier than not.
+    for server_switch in [None, _SWITCH_UPGRADE, _SWITCH_CONNECT]:
+        cs = ConnectionState()
+        cs.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_UPGRADE)
+        cs.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_CONNECT)
+        cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+        cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+        assert cs.states == {CLIENT: MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+        cs.process_event(
+            SERVER, _response_type_for_switch[server_switch], server_switch
+        )
+        if server_switch is None:
+            assert cs.states == {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: SEND_BODY}
+        else:
+            assert cs.states == {CLIENT: SWITCHED_PROTOCOL, SERVER: SWITCHED_PROTOCOL}
+
+
+def test_ConnectionState_inconsistent_protocol_switch():
+    for client_switches, server_switch in [
+        ([], _SWITCH_CONNECT),
+        ([], _SWITCH_UPGRADE),
+        ([_SWITCH_UPGRADE], _SWITCH_CONNECT),
+        ([_SWITCH_CONNECT], _SWITCH_UPGRADE),
+    ]:
+        cs = ConnectionState()
+        for client_switch in client_switches:
+            cs.process_client_switch_proposal(client_switch)
+        cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+        with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+            cs.process_event(SERVER, Response, server_switch)
+
+
+def test_ConnectionState_keepalive_protocol_switch_interaction():
+    # keep_alive=False + pending_switch_proposals
+    cs = ConnectionState()
+    cs.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_UPGRADE)
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+    cs.process_keep_alive_disabled()
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, Data)
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: SEND_BODY, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+    # the protocol switch "wins"
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL, SERVER: SEND_RESPONSE}
+
+    # but when the server denies the request, keep_alive comes back into play
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, Response)
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE, SERVER: SEND_BODY}
+
+
+def test_ConnectionState_reuse():
+    cs = ConnectionState()
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        cs.start_next_cycle()
+
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        cs.start_next_cycle()
+
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, Response)
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, EndOfMessage)
+
+    cs.start_next_cycle()
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
+
+    # No keepalive
+
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+    cs.process_keep_alive_disabled()
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, Response)
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, EndOfMessage)
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        cs.start_next_cycle()
+
+    # One side closed
+
+    cs = ConnectionState()
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, ConnectionClosed)
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, Response)
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, EndOfMessage)
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        cs.start_next_cycle()
+
+    # Succesful protocol switch
+
+    cs = ConnectionState()
+    cs.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_UPGRADE)
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, InformationalResponse, _SWITCH_UPGRADE)
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        cs.start_next_cycle()
+
+    # Failed protocol switch
+
+    cs = ConnectionState()
+    cs.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_UPGRADE)
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, Request)
+    cs.process_event(CLIENT, EndOfMessage)
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, Response)
+    cs.process_event(SERVER, EndOfMessage)
+
+    cs.start_next_cycle()
+    assert cs.states == {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
+
+
+def test_server_request_is_illegal():
+    # There used to be a bug in how we handled the Request special case that
+    # made this allowed...
+    cs = ConnectionState()
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        cs.process_event(SERVER, Request)
diff --git a/packages/h11/tests/test_util.py b/packages/h11/tests/test_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d851bdcb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h11/tests/test_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import re
+import sys
+import traceback
+
+import pytest
+
+from .._util import *
+
+
+def test_ProtocolError():
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        ProtocolError("abstract base class")
+
+
+def test_LocalProtocolError():
+    try:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("foo")
+    except LocalProtocolError as e:
+        assert str(e) == "foo"
+        assert e.error_status_hint == 400
+
+    try:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("foo", error_status_hint=418)
+    except LocalProtocolError as e:
+        assert str(e) == "foo"
+        assert e.error_status_hint == 418
+
+    def thunk():
+        raise LocalProtocolError("a", error_status_hint=420)
+
+    try:
+        try:
+            thunk()
+        except LocalProtocolError as exc1:
+            orig_traceback = "".join(traceback.format_tb(sys.exc_info()[2]))
+            exc1._reraise_as_remote_protocol_error()
+    except RemoteProtocolError as exc2:
+        assert type(exc2) is RemoteProtocolError
+        assert exc2.args == ("a",)
+        assert exc2.error_status_hint == 420
+        new_traceback = "".join(traceback.format_tb(sys.exc_info()[2]))
+        assert new_traceback.endswith(orig_traceback)
+
+
+def test_validate():
+    my_re = re.compile(br"(?P<group1>[0-9]+)\.(?P<group2>[0-9]+)")
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        validate(my_re, b"0.")
+
+    groups = validate(my_re, b"0.1")
+    assert groups == {"group1": b"0", "group2": b"1"}
+
+    # successful partial matches are an error - must match whole string
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        validate(my_re, b"0.1xx")
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError):
+        validate(my_re, b"0.1\n")
+
+
+def test_validate_formatting():
+    my_re = re.compile(br"foo")
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError) as excinfo:
+        validate(my_re, b"", "oops")
+    assert "oops" in str(excinfo.value)
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError) as excinfo:
+        validate(my_re, b"", "oops {}")
+    assert "oops {}" in str(excinfo.value)
+
+    with pytest.raises(LocalProtocolError) as excinfo:
+        validate(my_re, b"", "oops {} xx", 10)
+    assert "oops 10 xx" in str(excinfo.value)
+
+
+def test_make_sentinel():
+    S = make_sentinel("S")
+    assert repr(S) == "S"
+    assert S == S
+    assert type(S).__name__ == "S"
+    assert S in {S}
+    assert type(S) is S
+    S2 = make_sentinel("S2")
+    assert repr(S2) == "S2"
+    assert S != S2
+    assert S not in {S2}
+    assert type(S) is not type(S2)
+
+
+def test_bytesify():
+    assert bytesify(b"123") == b"123"
+    assert bytesify(bytearray(b"123")) == b"123"
+    assert bytesify("123") == b"123"
+
+    with pytest.raises(UnicodeEncodeError):
+        bytesify("\u1234")
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        bytesify(10)
diff --git a/packages/h2/__init__.py b/packages/h2/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d9e28e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hyper-h2
+~~
+
+A HTTP/2 implementation.
+"""
+__version__ = '4.0.0'
diff --git a/packages/h2/config.py b/packages/h2/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..730b61124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+h2/config
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+Objects for controlling the configuration of the HTTP/2 stack.
+"""
+
+
+class _BooleanConfigOption:
+    """
+    Descriptor for handling a boolean config option.  This will block
+    attempts to set boolean config options to non-bools.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.attr_name = '_%s' % self.name
+
+    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
+        return getattr(instance, self.attr_name)
+
+    def __set__(self, instance, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, bool):
+            raise ValueError("%s must be a bool" % self.name)
+        setattr(instance, self.attr_name, value)
+
+
+class DummyLogger:
+    """
+    An Logger object that does not actual logging, hence a DummyLogger.
+
+    For the class the log operation is merely a no-op. The intent is to avoid
+    conditionals being sprinkled throughout the hyper-h2 code for calls to
+    logging functions when no logger is passed into the corresponding object.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, *vargs):
+        pass
+
+    def debug(self, *vargs, **kwargs):
+        """
+        No-op logging. Only level needed for now.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def trace(self, *vargs, **kwargs):
+        """
+        No-op logging. Only level needed for now.
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+class H2Configuration:
+    """
+    An object that controls the way a single HTTP/2 connection behaves.
+
+    This object allows the users to customize behaviour. In particular, it
+    allows users to enable or disable optional features, or to otherwise handle
+    various unusual behaviours.
+
+    This object has very little behaviour of its own: it mostly just ensures
+    that configuration is self-consistent.
+
+    :param client_side: Whether this object is to be used on the client side of
+        a connection, or on the server side. Affects the logic used by the
+        state machine, the default settings values, the allowable stream IDs,
+        and several other properties. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :type client_side: ``bool``
+
+    :param header_encoding: Controls whether the headers emitted by this object
+        in events are transparently decoded to ``unicode`` strings, and what
+        encoding is used to do that decoding. This defaults to ``None``,
+        meaning that headers will be returned as bytes. To automatically
+        decode headers (that is, to return them as unicode strings), this can
+        be set to the string name of any encoding, e.g. ``'utf-8'``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0.0
+           Changed default value from ``'utf-8'`` to ``None``
+
+    :type header_encoding: ``str``, ``False``, or ``None``
+
+    :param validate_outbound_headers: Controls whether the headers emitted
+        by this object are validated against the rules in RFC 7540.
+        Disabling this setting will cause outbound header validation to
+        be skipped, and allow the object to emit headers that may be illegal
+        according to RFC 7540. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :type validate_outbound_headers: ``bool``
+
+    :param normalize_outbound_headers: Controls whether the headers emitted
+        by this object are normalized before sending.  Disabling this setting
+        will cause outbound header normalization to be skipped, and allow
+        the object to emit headers that may be illegal according to
+        RFC 7540. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :type normalize_outbound_headers: ``bool``
+
+    :param validate_inbound_headers: Controls whether the headers received
+        by this object are validated against the rules in RFC 7540.
+        Disabling this setting will cause inbound header validation to
+        be skipped, and allow the object to receive headers that may be illegal
+        according to RFC 7540. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :type validate_inbound_headers: ``bool``
+
+    :param normalize_inbound_headers: Controls whether the headers received by
+        this object are normalized according to the rules of RFC 7540.
+        Disabling this setting may lead to hyper-h2 emitting header blocks that
+        some RFCs forbid, e.g. with multiple cookie fields.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0.0
+
+    :type normalize_inbound_headers: ``bool``
+
+    :param logger: A logger that conforms to the requirements for this module,
+        those being no I/O and no context switches, which is needed in order
+        to run in asynchronous operation.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.6.0
+
+    :type logger: ``logging.Logger``
+    """
+    client_side = _BooleanConfigOption('client_side')
+    validate_outbound_headers = _BooleanConfigOption(
+        'validate_outbound_headers'
+    )
+    normalize_outbound_headers = _BooleanConfigOption(
+        'normalize_outbound_headers'
+    )
+    validate_inbound_headers = _BooleanConfigOption(
+        'validate_inbound_headers'
+    )
+    normalize_inbound_headers = _BooleanConfigOption(
+        'normalize_inbound_headers'
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 client_side=True,
+                 header_encoding=None,
+                 validate_outbound_headers=True,
+                 normalize_outbound_headers=True,
+                 validate_inbound_headers=True,
+                 normalize_inbound_headers=True,
+                 logger=None):
+        self.client_side = client_side
+        self.header_encoding = header_encoding
+        self.validate_outbound_headers = validate_outbound_headers
+        self.normalize_outbound_headers = normalize_outbound_headers
+        self.validate_inbound_headers = validate_inbound_headers
+        self.normalize_inbound_headers = normalize_inbound_headers
+        self.logger = logger or DummyLogger(__name__)
+
+    @property
+    def header_encoding(self):
+        """
+        Controls whether the headers emitted by this object in events are
+        transparently decoded to ``unicode`` strings, and what encoding is used
+        to do that decoding. This defaults to ``None``, meaning that headers
+        will be returned as bytes. To automatically decode headers (that is, to
+        return them as unicode strings), this can be set to the string name of
+        any encoding, e.g. ``'utf-8'``.
+        """
+        return self._header_encoding
+
+    @header_encoding.setter
+    def header_encoding(self, value):
+        """
+        Enforces constraints on the value of header encoding.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(value, (bool, str, type(None))):
+            raise ValueError("header_encoding must be bool, string, or None")
+        if value is True:
+            raise ValueError("header_encoding cannot be True")
+        self._header_encoding = value
diff --git a/packages/h2/connection.py b/packages/h2/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa3071144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2047 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+h2/connection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+An implementation of a HTTP/2 connection.
+"""
+import base64
+
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum
+
+from hyperframe.exceptions import InvalidPaddingError
+from hyperframe.frame import (
+    GoAwayFrame, WindowUpdateFrame, HeadersFrame, DataFrame, PingFrame,
+    PushPromiseFrame, SettingsFrame, RstStreamFrame, PriorityFrame,
+    ContinuationFrame, AltSvcFrame, ExtensionFrame
+)
+from hpack.hpack import Encoder, Decoder
+from hpack.exceptions import HPACKError, OversizedHeaderListError
+
+from .config import H2Configuration
+from .errors import ErrorCodes, _error_code_from_int
+from .events import (
+    WindowUpdated, RemoteSettingsChanged, PingReceived, PingAckReceived,
+    SettingsAcknowledged, ConnectionTerminated, PriorityUpdated,
+    AlternativeServiceAvailable, UnknownFrameReceived
+)
+from .exceptions import (
+    ProtocolError, NoSuchStreamError, FlowControlError, FrameTooLargeError,
+    TooManyStreamsError, StreamClosedError, StreamIDTooLowError,
+    NoAvailableStreamIDError, RFC1122Error, DenialOfServiceError
+)
+from .frame_buffer import FrameBuffer
+from .settings import Settings, SettingCodes
+from .stream import H2Stream, StreamClosedBy
+from .utilities import SizeLimitDict, guard_increment_window
+from .windows import WindowManager
+
+
+class ConnectionState(Enum):
+    IDLE = 0
+    CLIENT_OPEN = 1
+    SERVER_OPEN = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class ConnectionInputs(Enum):
+    SEND_HEADERS = 0
+    SEND_PUSH_PROMISE = 1
+    SEND_DATA = 2
+    SEND_GOAWAY = 3
+    SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE = 4
+    SEND_PING = 5
+    SEND_SETTINGS = 6
+    SEND_RST_STREAM = 7
+    SEND_PRIORITY = 8
+    RECV_HEADERS = 9
+    RECV_PUSH_PROMISE = 10
+    RECV_DATA = 11
+    RECV_GOAWAY = 12
+    RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE = 13
+    RECV_PING = 14
+    RECV_SETTINGS = 15
+    RECV_RST_STREAM = 16
+    RECV_PRIORITY = 17
+    SEND_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE = 18  # Added in 2.3.0
+    RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE = 19  # Added in 2.3.0
+
+
+class AllowedStreamIDs(IntEnum):
+    EVEN = 0
+    ODD = 1
+
+
+class H2ConnectionStateMachine:
+    """
+    A single HTTP/2 connection state machine.
+
+    This state machine, while defined in its own class, is logically part of
+    the H2Connection class also defined in this file. The state machine itself
+    maintains very little state directly, instead focusing entirely on managing
+    state transitions.
+    """
+    # For the purposes of this state machine we treat HEADERS and their
+    # associated CONTINUATION frames as a single jumbo frame. The protocol
+    # allows/requires this by preventing other frames from being interleved in
+    # between HEADERS/CONTINUATION frames.
+    #
+    # The _transitions dictionary contains a mapping of tuples of
+    # (state, input) to tuples of (side_effect_function, end_state). This map
+    # contains all allowed transitions: anything not in this map is invalid
+    # and immediately causes a transition to ``closed``.
+
+    _transitions = {
+        # State: idle
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.SEND_HEADERS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.RECV_HEADERS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.SEND_SETTINGS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.IDLE),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.RECV_SETTINGS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.IDLE),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+            (None, ConnectionState.IDLE),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+            (None, ConnectionState.IDLE),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.SEND_PING):
+            (None, ConnectionState.IDLE),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.RECV_PING):
+            (None, ConnectionState.IDLE),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.SEND_GOAWAY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLOSED),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.RECV_GOAWAY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLOSED),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.SEND_PRIORITY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.IDLE),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.RECV_PRIORITY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.IDLE),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.SEND_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.IDLE, ConnectionInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+
+        # State: open, client side.
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_HEADERS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_DATA):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_GOAWAY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLOSED),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_PING):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_SETTINGS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_PRIORITY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_HEADERS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_PUSH_PROMISE):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_DATA):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_GOAWAY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLOSED),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_PING):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_SETTINGS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_RST_STREAM):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_RST_STREAM):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_PRIORITY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN,
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+                (None, ConnectionState.CLIENT_OPEN),
+
+        # State: open, server side.
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_HEADERS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_PUSH_PROMISE):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_DATA):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_GOAWAY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLOSED),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_PING):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_SETTINGS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_PRIORITY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_HEADERS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_DATA):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_GOAWAY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLOSED),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_PING):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_SETTINGS):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_PRIORITY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.SEND_RST_STREAM):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN, ConnectionInputs.RECV_RST_STREAM):
+            (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN,
+            ConnectionInputs.SEND_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+                (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+        (ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN,
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+                (None, ConnectionState.SERVER_OPEN),
+
+        # State: closed
+        (ConnectionState.CLOSED, ConnectionInputs.SEND_GOAWAY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLOSED),
+        (ConnectionState.CLOSED, ConnectionInputs.RECV_GOAWAY):
+            (None, ConnectionState.CLOSED),
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.state = ConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def process_input(self, input_):
+        """
+        Process a specific input in the state machine.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(input_, ConnectionInputs):
+            raise ValueError("Input must be an instance of ConnectionInputs")
+
+        try:
+            func, target_state = self._transitions[(self.state, input_)]
+        except KeyError:
+            old_state = self.state
+            self.state = ConnectionState.CLOSED
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Invalid input %s in state %s" % (input_, old_state)
+            )
+        else:
+            self.state = target_state
+            if func is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+                return func()
+
+            return []
+
+
+class H2Connection:
+    """
+    A low-level HTTP/2 connection object. This handles building and receiving
+    frames and maintains both connection and per-stream state for all streams
+    on this connection.
+
+    This wraps a HTTP/2 Connection state machine implementation, ensuring that
+    frames can only be sent/received when the connection is in a valid state.
+    It also builds stream state machines on demand to ensure that the
+    constraints of those state machines are met as well. Attempts to create
+    frames that cannot be sent will raise a ``ProtocolError``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3.0
+       Added the ``header_encoding`` keyword argument.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5.0
+       Added the ``config`` keyword argument. Deprecated the ``client_side``
+       and ``header_encoding`` parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0.0
+       Removed deprecated parameters and properties.
+
+    :param config: The configuration for the HTTP/2 connection.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.5.0
+
+    :type config: :class:`H2Configuration <h2.config.H2Configuration>`
+    """
+    # The initial maximum outbound frame size. This can be changed by receiving
+    # a settings frame.
+    DEFAULT_MAX_OUTBOUND_FRAME_SIZE = 65535
+
+    # The initial maximum inbound frame size. This is somewhat arbitrarily
+    # chosen.
+    DEFAULT_MAX_INBOUND_FRAME_SIZE = 2**24
+
+    # The highest acceptable stream ID.
+    HIGHEST_ALLOWED_STREAM_ID = 2**31 - 1
+
+    # The largest acceptable window increment.
+    MAX_WINDOW_INCREMENT = 2**31 - 1
+
+    # The initial default value of SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE.
+    DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE = 2**16
+
+    # Keep in memory limited amount of results for streams closes
+    MAX_CLOSED_STREAMS = 2**16
+
+    def __init__(self, config=None):
+        self.state_machine = H2ConnectionStateMachine()
+        self.streams = {}
+        self.highest_inbound_stream_id = 0
+        self.highest_outbound_stream_id = 0
+        self.encoder = Encoder()
+        self.decoder = Decoder()
+
+        # This won't always actually do anything: for versions of HPACK older
+        # than 2.3.0 it does nothing. However, we have to try!
+        self.decoder.max_header_list_size = self.DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE
+
+        #: The configuration for this HTTP/2 connection object.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.5.0
+        self.config = config
+        if self.config is None:
+            self.config = H2Configuration(
+                client_side=True,
+            )
+
+        # Objects that store settings, including defaults.
+        #
+        # We set the MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS value to 100 because its default is
+        # unbounded, and that's a dangerous default because it allows
+        # essentially unbounded resources to be allocated regardless of how
+        # they will be used. 100 should be suitable for the average
+        # application. This default obviously does not apply to the remote
+        # peer's settings: the remote peer controls them!
+        #
+        # We also set MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE to a reasonable value. This is to
+        # advertise our defence against CVE-2016-6581. However, not all
+        # versions of HPACK will let us do it. That's ok: we should at least
+        # suggest that we're not vulnerable.
+        self.local_settings = Settings(
+            client=self.config.client_side,
+            initial_values={
+                SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: 100,
+                SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE:
+                    self.DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE,
+            }
+        )
+        self.remote_settings = Settings(client=not self.config.client_side)
+
+        # The current value of the connection flow control windows on the
+        # connection.
+        self.outbound_flow_control_window = (
+            self.remote_settings.initial_window_size
+        )
+
+        #: The maximum size of a frame that can be emitted by this peer, in
+        #: bytes.
+        self.max_outbound_frame_size = self.remote_settings.max_frame_size
+
+        #: The maximum size of a frame that can be received by this peer, in
+        #: bytes.
+        self.max_inbound_frame_size = self.local_settings.max_frame_size
+
+        # Buffer for incoming data.
+        self.incoming_buffer = FrameBuffer(server=not self.config.client_side)
+
+        # A private variable to store a sequence of received header frames
+        # until completion.
+        self._header_frames = []
+
+        # Data that needs to be sent.
+        self._data_to_send = bytearray()
+
+        # Keeps track of how streams are closed.
+        # Used to ensure that we don't blow up in the face of frames that were
+        # in flight when a RST_STREAM was sent.
+        # Also used to determine whether we should consider a frame received
+        # while a stream is closed as either a stream error or a connection
+        # error.
+        self._closed_streams = SizeLimitDict(
+            size_limit=self.MAX_CLOSED_STREAMS
+        )
+
+        # The flow control window manager for the connection.
+        self._inbound_flow_control_window_manager = WindowManager(
+            max_window_size=self.local_settings.initial_window_size
+        )
+
+        # When in doubt use dict-dispatch.
+        self._frame_dispatch_table = {
+            HeadersFrame: self._receive_headers_frame,
+            PushPromiseFrame: self._receive_push_promise_frame,
+            SettingsFrame: self._receive_settings_frame,
+            DataFrame: self._receive_data_frame,
+            WindowUpdateFrame: self._receive_window_update_frame,
+            PingFrame: self._receive_ping_frame,
+            RstStreamFrame: self._receive_rst_stream_frame,
+            PriorityFrame: self._receive_priority_frame,
+            GoAwayFrame: self._receive_goaway_frame,
+            ContinuationFrame: self._receive_naked_continuation,
+            AltSvcFrame: self._receive_alt_svc_frame,
+            ExtensionFrame: self._receive_unknown_frame
+        }
+
+    def _prepare_for_sending(self, frames):
+        if not frames:
+            return
+        self._data_to_send += b''.join(f.serialize() for f in frames)
+        assert all(f.body_len <= self.max_outbound_frame_size for f in frames)
+
+    def _open_streams(self, remainder):
+        """
+        A common method of counting number of open streams. Returns the number
+        of streams that are open *and* that have (stream ID % 2) == remainder.
+        While it iterates, also deletes any closed streams.
+        """
+        count = 0
+        to_delete = []
+
+        for stream_id, stream in self.streams.items():
+            if stream.open and (stream_id % 2 == remainder):
+                count += 1
+            elif stream.closed:
+                to_delete.append(stream_id)
+
+        for stream_id in to_delete:
+            stream = self.streams.pop(stream_id)
+            self._closed_streams[stream_id] = stream.closed_by
+
+        return count
+
+    @property
+    def open_outbound_streams(self):
+        """
+        The current number of open outbound streams.
+        """
+        outbound_numbers = int(self.config.client_side)
+        return self._open_streams(outbound_numbers)
+
+    @property
+    def open_inbound_streams(self):
+        """
+        The current number of open inbound streams.
+        """
+        inbound_numbers = int(not self.config.client_side)
+        return self._open_streams(inbound_numbers)
+
+    @property
+    def inbound_flow_control_window(self):
+        """
+        The size of the inbound flow control window for the connection. This is
+        rarely publicly useful: instead, use :meth:`remote_flow_control_window
+        <h2.connection.H2Connection.remote_flow_control_window>`. This
+        shortcut is largely present to provide a shortcut to this data.
+        """
+        return self._inbound_flow_control_window_manager.current_window_size
+
+    def _begin_new_stream(self, stream_id, allowed_ids):
+        """
+        Initiate a new stream.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+           Removed this function from the public API.
+
+        :param stream_id: The ID of the stream to open.
+        :param allowed_ids: What kind of stream ID is allowed.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Attempting to initiate stream ID %d", stream_id
+        )
+        outbound = self._stream_id_is_outbound(stream_id)
+        highest_stream_id = (
+            self.highest_outbound_stream_id if outbound else
+            self.highest_inbound_stream_id
+        )
+
+        if stream_id <= highest_stream_id:
+            raise StreamIDTooLowError(stream_id, highest_stream_id)
+
+        if (stream_id % 2) != int(allowed_ids):
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Invalid stream ID for peer."
+            )
+
+        s = H2Stream(
+            stream_id,
+            config=self.config,
+            inbound_window_size=self.local_settings.initial_window_size,
+            outbound_window_size=self.remote_settings.initial_window_size
+        )
+        self.config.logger.debug("Stream ID %d created", stream_id)
+        s.max_inbound_frame_size = self.max_inbound_frame_size
+        s.max_outbound_frame_size = self.max_outbound_frame_size
+
+        self.streams[stream_id] = s
+        self.config.logger.debug("Current streams: %s", self.streams.keys())
+
+        if outbound:
+            self.highest_outbound_stream_id = stream_id
+        else:
+            self.highest_inbound_stream_id = stream_id
+
+        return s
+
+    def initiate_connection(self):
+        """
+        Provides any data that needs to be sent at the start of the connection.
+        Must be called for both clients and servers.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("Initializing connection")
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_SETTINGS)
+        if self.config.client_side:
+            preamble = b'PRI * HTTP/2.0\r\n\r\nSM\r\n\r\n'
+        else:
+            preamble = b''
+
+        f = SettingsFrame(0)
+        for setting, value in self.local_settings.items():
+            f.settings[setting] = value
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Send Settings frame: %s", self.local_settings
+        )
+
+        self._data_to_send += preamble + f.serialize()
+
+    def initiate_upgrade_connection(self, settings_header=None):
+        """
+        Call to initialise the connection object for use with an upgraded
+        HTTP/2 connection (i.e. a connection negotiated using the
+        ``Upgrade: h2c`` HTTP header).
+
+        This method differs from :meth:`initiate_connection
+        <h2.connection.H2Connection.initiate_connection>` in several ways.
+        Firstly, it handles the additional SETTINGS frame that is sent in the
+        ``HTTP2-Settings`` header field. When called on a client connection,
+        this method will return a bytestring that the caller can put in the
+        ``HTTP2-Settings`` field they send on their initial request. When
+        called on a server connection, the user **must** provide the value they
+        received from the client in the ``HTTP2-Settings`` header field to the
+        ``settings_header`` argument, which will be used appropriately.
+
+        Additionally, this method sets up stream 1 in a half-closed state
+        appropriate for this side of the connection, to reflect the fact that
+        the request is already complete.
+
+        Finally, this method also prepares the appropriate preamble to be sent
+        after the upgrade.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3.0
+
+        :param settings_header: (optional, server-only): The value of the
+             ``HTTP2-Settings`` header field received from the client.
+        :type settings_header: ``bytes``
+
+        :returns: For clients, a bytestring to put in the ``HTTP2-Settings``.
+            For servers, returns nothing.
+        :rtype: ``bytes`` or ``None``
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Upgrade connection. Current settings: %s", self.local_settings
+        )
+
+        frame_data = None
+        # Begin by getting the preamble in place.
+        self.initiate_connection()
+
+        if self.config.client_side:
+            f = SettingsFrame(0)
+            for setting, value in self.local_settings.items():
+                f.settings[setting] = value
+
+            frame_data = f.serialize_body()
+            frame_data = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(frame_data)
+        elif settings_header:
+            # We have a settings header from the client. This needs to be
+            # applied, but we want to throw away the ACK. We do this by
+            # inserting the data into a Settings frame and then passing it to
+            # the state machine, but ignoring the return value.
+            settings_header = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(settings_header)
+            f = SettingsFrame(0)
+            f.parse_body(settings_header)
+            self._receive_settings_frame(f)
+
+        # Set up appropriate state. Stream 1 in a half-closed state:
+        # half-closed(local) for clients, half-closed(remote) for servers.
+        # Additionally, we need to set up the Connection state machine.
+        connection_input = (
+            ConnectionInputs.SEND_HEADERS if self.config.client_side
+            else ConnectionInputs.RECV_HEADERS
+        )
+        self.config.logger.debug("Process input %s", connection_input)
+        self.state_machine.process_input(connection_input)
+
+        # Set up stream 1.
+        self._begin_new_stream(stream_id=1, allowed_ids=AllowedStreamIDs.ODD)
+        self.streams[1].upgrade(self.config.client_side)
+        return frame_data
+
+    def _get_or_create_stream(self, stream_id, allowed_ids):
+        """
+        Gets a stream by its stream ID. Will create one if one does not already
+        exist. Use allowed_ids to circumvent the usual stream ID rules for
+        clients and servers.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+           Removed this function from the public API.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.streams[stream_id]
+        except KeyError:
+            return self._begin_new_stream(stream_id, allowed_ids)
+
+    def _get_stream_by_id(self, stream_id):
+        """
+        Gets a stream by its stream ID. Raises NoSuchStreamError if the stream
+        ID does not correspond to a known stream and is higher than the current
+        maximum: raises if it is lower than the current maximum.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+           Removed this function from the public API.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.streams[stream_id]
+        except KeyError:
+            outbound = self._stream_id_is_outbound(stream_id)
+            highest_stream_id = (
+                self.highest_outbound_stream_id if outbound else
+                self.highest_inbound_stream_id
+            )
+
+            if stream_id > highest_stream_id:
+                raise NoSuchStreamError(stream_id)
+            else:
+                raise StreamClosedError(stream_id)
+
+    def get_next_available_stream_id(self):
+        """
+        Returns an integer suitable for use as the stream ID for the next
+        stream created by this endpoint. For server endpoints, this stream ID
+        will be even. For client endpoints, this stream ID will be odd. If no
+        stream IDs are available, raises :class:`NoAvailableStreamIDError
+        <h2.exceptions.NoAvailableStreamIDError>`.
+
+        .. warning:: The return value from this function does not change until
+                     the stream ID has actually been used by sending or pushing
+                     headers on that stream. For that reason, it should be
+                     called as close as possible to the actual use of the
+                     stream ID.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0.0
+
+        :raises: :class:`NoAvailableStreamIDError
+            <h2.exceptions.NoAvailableStreamIDError>`
+        :returns: The next free stream ID this peer can use to initiate a
+            stream.
+        :rtype: ``int``
+        """
+        # No streams have been opened yet, so return the lowest allowed stream
+        # ID.
+        if not self.highest_outbound_stream_id:
+            next_stream_id = 1 if self.config.client_side else 2
+        else:
+            next_stream_id = self.highest_outbound_stream_id + 2
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Next available stream ID %d", next_stream_id
+        )
+        if next_stream_id > self.HIGHEST_ALLOWED_STREAM_ID:
+            raise NoAvailableStreamIDError("Exhausted allowed stream IDs")
+
+        return next_stream_id
+
+    def send_headers(self, stream_id, headers, end_stream=False,
+                     priority_weight=None, priority_depends_on=None,
+                     priority_exclusive=None):
+        """
+        Send headers on a given stream.
+
+        This function can be used to send request or response headers: the kind
+        that are sent depends on whether this connection has been opened as a
+        client or server connection, and whether the stream was opened by the
+        remote peer or not.
+
+        If this is a client connection, calling ``send_headers`` will send the
+        headers as a request. It will also implicitly open the stream being
+        used. If this is a client connection and ``send_headers`` has *already*
+        been called, this will send trailers instead.
+
+        If this is a server connection, calling ``send_headers`` will send the
+        headers as a response. It is a protocol error for a server to open a
+        stream by sending headers. If this is a server connection and
+        ``send_headers`` has *already* been called, this will send trailers
+        instead.
+
+        When acting as a server, you may call ``send_headers`` any number of
+        times allowed by the following rules, in this order:
+
+        - zero or more times with ``(':status', '1XX')`` (where ``1XX`` is a
+          placeholder for any 100-level status code).
+        - once with any other status header.
+        - zero or one time for trailers.
+
+        That is, you are allowed to send as many informational responses as you
+        like, followed by one complete response and zero or one HTTP trailer
+        blocks.
+
+        Clients may send one or two header blocks: one request block, and
+        optionally one trailer block.
+
+        If it is important to send HPACK "never indexed" header fields (as
+        defined in `RFC 7451 Section 7.1.3
+        <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7541#section-7.1.3>`_), the user may
+        instead provide headers using the HPACK library's :class:`HeaderTuple
+        <hpack:hpack.HeaderTuple>` and :class:`NeverIndexedHeaderTuple
+        <hpack:hpack.NeverIndexedHeaderTuple>` objects.
+
+        This method also allows users to prioritize the stream immediately,
+        by sending priority information on the HEADERS frame directly. To do
+        this, any one of ``priority_weight``, ``priority_depends_on``, or
+        ``priority_exclusive`` must be set to a value that is not ``None``. For
+        more information on the priority fields, see :meth:`prioritize
+        <h2.connection.H2Connection.prioritize>`.
+
+        .. warning:: In HTTP/2, it is mandatory that all the HTTP/2 special
+            headers (that is, ones whose header keys begin with ``:``) appear
+            at the start of the header block, before any normal headers.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.3.0
+           Added support for using :class:`HeaderTuple
+           <hpack:hpack.HeaderTuple>` objects to store headers.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.4.0
+           Added the ability to provide priority keyword arguments:
+           ``priority_weight``, ``priority_depends_on``, and
+           ``priority_exclusive``.
+
+        :param stream_id: The stream ID to send the headers on. If this stream
+            does not currently exist, it will be created.
+        :type stream_id: ``int``
+
+        :param headers: The request/response headers to send.
+        :type headers: An iterable of two tuples of bytestrings or
+            :class:`HeaderTuple <hpack:hpack.HeaderTuple>` objects.
+
+        :param end_stream: Whether this headers frame should end the stream
+            immediately (that is, whether no more data will be sent after this
+            frame). Defaults to ``False``.
+        :type end_stream: ``bool``
+
+        :param priority_weight: Sets the priority weight of the stream. See
+            :meth:`prioritize <h2.connection.H2Connection.prioritize>` for more
+            about how this field works. Defaults to ``None``, which means that
+            no priority information will be sent.
+        :type priority_weight: ``int`` or ``None``
+
+        :param priority_depends_on: Sets which stream this one depends on for
+            priority purposes. See :meth:`prioritize
+            <h2.connection.H2Connection.prioritize>` for more about how this
+            field works. Defaults to ``None``, which means that no priority
+            information will be sent.
+        :type priority_depends_on: ``int`` or ``None``
+
+        :param priority_exclusive: Sets whether this stream exclusively depends
+            on the stream given in ``priority_depends_on`` for priority
+            purposes. See :meth:`prioritize
+            <h2.connection.H2Connection.prioritize>` for more about how this
+            field workds. Defaults to ``None``, which means that no priority
+            information will be sent.
+        :type priority_depends_on: ``bool`` or ``None``
+
+        :returns: Nothing
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Send headers on stream ID %d", stream_id
+        )
+
+        # Check we can open the stream.
+        if stream_id not in self.streams:
+            max_open_streams = self.remote_settings.max_concurrent_streams
+            if (self.open_outbound_streams + 1) > max_open_streams:
+                raise TooManyStreamsError(
+                    "Max outbound streams is %d, %d open" %
+                    (max_open_streams, self.open_outbound_streams)
+                )
+
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_HEADERS)
+        stream = self._get_or_create_stream(
+            stream_id, AllowedStreamIDs(self.config.client_side)
+        )
+        frames = stream.send_headers(
+            headers, self.encoder, end_stream
+        )
+
+        # We may need to send priority information.
+        priority_present = (
+            (priority_weight is not None) or
+            (priority_depends_on is not None) or
+            (priority_exclusive is not None)
+        )
+
+        if priority_present:
+            if not self.config.client_side:
+                raise RFC1122Error("Servers SHOULD NOT prioritize streams.")
+
+            headers_frame = frames[0]
+            headers_frame.flags.add('PRIORITY')
+            frames[0] = _add_frame_priority(
+                headers_frame,
+                priority_weight,
+                priority_depends_on,
+                priority_exclusive
+            )
+
+        self._prepare_for_sending(frames)
+
+    def send_data(self, stream_id, data, end_stream=False, pad_length=None):
+        """
+        Send data on a given stream.
+
+        This method does no breaking up of data: if the data is larger than the
+        value returned by :meth:`local_flow_control_window
+        <h2.connection.H2Connection.local_flow_control_window>` for this stream
+        then a :class:`FlowControlError <h2.exceptions.FlowControlError>` will
+        be raised. If the data is larger than :data:`max_outbound_frame_size
+        <h2.connection.H2Connection.max_outbound_frame_size>` then a
+        :class:`FrameTooLargeError <h2.exceptions.FrameTooLargeError>` will be
+        raised.
+
+        Hyper-h2 does this to avoid buffering the data internally. If the user
+        has more data to send than hyper-h2 will allow, consider breaking it up
+        and buffering it externally.
+
+        :param stream_id: The ID of the stream on which to send the data.
+        :type stream_id: ``int``
+        :param data: The data to send on the stream.
+        :type data: ``bytes``
+        :param end_stream: (optional) Whether this is the last data to be sent
+            on the stream. Defaults to ``False``.
+        :type end_stream: ``bool``
+        :param pad_length: (optional) Length of the padding to apply to the
+            data frame. Defaults to ``None`` for no use of padding. Note that
+            a value of ``0`` results in padding of length ``0``
+            (with the "padding" flag set on the frame).
+
+            .. versionadded:: 2.6.0
+
+        :type pad_length: ``int``
+        :returns: Nothing
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Send data on stream ID %d with len %d", stream_id, len(data)
+        )
+        frame_size = len(data)
+        if pad_length is not None:
+            if not isinstance(pad_length, int):
+                raise TypeError("pad_length must be an int")
+            if pad_length < 0 or pad_length > 255:
+                raise ValueError("pad_length must be within range: [0, 255]")
+            # Account for padding bytes plus the 1-byte padding length field.
+            frame_size += pad_length + 1
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Frame size on stream ID %d is %d", stream_id, frame_size
+        )
+
+        if frame_size > self.local_flow_control_window(stream_id):
+            raise FlowControlError(
+                "Cannot send %d bytes, flow control window is %d." %
+                (frame_size, self.local_flow_control_window(stream_id))
+            )
+        elif frame_size > self.max_outbound_frame_size:
+            raise FrameTooLargeError(
+                "Cannot send frame size %d, max frame size is %d" %
+                (frame_size, self.max_outbound_frame_size)
+            )
+
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_DATA)
+        frames = self.streams[stream_id].send_data(
+            data, end_stream, pad_length=pad_length
+        )
+
+        self._prepare_for_sending(frames)
+
+        self.outbound_flow_control_window -= frame_size
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Outbound flow control window size is %d",
+            self.outbound_flow_control_window
+        )
+        assert self.outbound_flow_control_window >= 0
+
+    def end_stream(self, stream_id):
+        """
+        Cleanly end a given stream.
+
+        This method ends a stream by sending an empty DATA frame on that stream
+        with the ``END_STREAM`` flag set.
+
+        :param stream_id: The ID of the stream to end.
+        :type stream_id: ``int``
+        :returns: Nothing
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("End stream ID %d", stream_id)
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_DATA)
+        frames = self.streams[stream_id].end_stream()
+        self._prepare_for_sending(frames)
+
+    def increment_flow_control_window(self, increment, stream_id=None):
+        """
+        Increment a flow control window, optionally for a single stream. Allows
+        the remote peer to send more data.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+           Rejects attempts to increment the flow control window by out of
+           range values with a ``ValueError``.
+
+        :param increment: The amount to increment the flow control window by.
+        :type increment: ``int``
+        :param stream_id: (optional) The ID of the stream that should have its
+            flow control window opened. If not present or ``None``, the
+            connection flow control window will be opened instead.
+        :type stream_id: ``int`` or ``None``
+        :returns: Nothing
+        :raises: ``ValueError``
+        """
+        if not (1 <= increment <= self.MAX_WINDOW_INCREMENT):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Flow control increment must be between 1 and %d" %
+                self.MAX_WINDOW_INCREMENT
+            )
+
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE)
+
+        if stream_id is not None:
+            stream = self.streams[stream_id]
+            frames = stream.increase_flow_control_window(
+                increment
+            )
+
+            self.config.logger.debug(
+                "Increase stream ID %d flow control window by %d",
+                stream_id, increment
+            )
+        else:
+            self._inbound_flow_control_window_manager.window_opened(increment)
+            f = WindowUpdateFrame(0)
+            f.window_increment = increment
+            frames = [f]
+
+            self.config.logger.debug(
+                "Increase connection flow control window by %d", increment
+            )
+
+        self._prepare_for_sending(frames)
+
+    def push_stream(self, stream_id, promised_stream_id, request_headers):
+        """
+        Push a response to the client by sending a PUSH_PROMISE frame.
+
+        If it is important to send HPACK "never indexed" header fields (as
+        defined in `RFC 7451 Section 7.1.3
+        <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7541#section-7.1.3>`_), the user may
+        instead provide headers using the HPACK library's :class:`HeaderTuple
+        <hpack:hpack.HeaderTuple>` and :class:`NeverIndexedHeaderTuple
+        <hpack:hpack.NeverIndexedHeaderTuple>` objects.
+
+        :param stream_id: The ID of the stream that this push is a response to.
+        :type stream_id: ``int``
+        :param promised_stream_id: The ID of the stream that the pushed
+            response will be sent on.
+        :type promised_stream_id: ``int``
+        :param request_headers: The headers of the request that the pushed
+            response will be responding to.
+        :type request_headers: An iterable of two tuples of bytestrings or
+            :class:`HeaderTuple <hpack:hpack.HeaderTuple>` objects.
+        :returns: Nothing
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Send Push Promise frame on stream ID %d", stream_id
+        )
+
+        if not self.remote_settings.enable_push:
+            raise ProtocolError("Remote peer has disabled stream push")
+
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_PUSH_PROMISE)
+        stream = self._get_stream_by_id(stream_id)
+
+        # We need to prevent users pushing streams in response to streams that
+        # they themselves have already pushed: see #163 and RFC 7540 § 6.6. The
+        # easiest way to do that is to assert that the stream_id is not even:
+        # this shortcut works because only servers can push and the state
+        # machine will enforce this.
+        if (stream_id % 2) == 0:
+            raise ProtocolError("Cannot recursively push streams.")
+
+        new_stream = self._begin_new_stream(
+            promised_stream_id, AllowedStreamIDs.EVEN
+        )
+        self.streams[promised_stream_id] = new_stream
+
+        frames = stream.push_stream_in_band(
+            promised_stream_id, request_headers, self.encoder
+        )
+        new_frames = new_stream.locally_pushed()
+        self._prepare_for_sending(frames + new_frames)
+
+    def ping(self, opaque_data):
+        """
+        Send a PING frame.
+
+        :param opaque_data: A bytestring of length 8 that will be sent in the
+                            PING frame.
+        :returns: Nothing
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("Send Ping frame")
+
+        if not isinstance(opaque_data, bytes) or len(opaque_data) != 8:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid value for ping data: %r" % opaque_data)
+
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_PING)
+        f = PingFrame(0)
+        f.opaque_data = opaque_data
+        self._prepare_for_sending([f])
+
+    def reset_stream(self, stream_id, error_code=0):
+        """
+        Reset a stream.
+
+        This method forcibly closes a stream by sending a RST_STREAM frame for
+        a given stream. This is not a graceful closure. To gracefully end a
+        stream, try the :meth:`end_stream
+        <h2.connection.H2Connection.end_stream>` method.
+
+        :param stream_id: The ID of the stream to reset.
+        :type stream_id: ``int``
+        :param error_code: (optional) The error code to use to reset the
+            stream. Defaults to :data:`ErrorCodes.NO_ERROR
+            <h2.errors.ErrorCodes.NO_ERROR>`.
+        :type error_code: ``int``
+        :returns: Nothing
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("Reset stream ID %d", stream_id)
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_RST_STREAM)
+        stream = self._get_stream_by_id(stream_id)
+        frames = stream.reset_stream(error_code)
+        self._prepare_for_sending(frames)
+
+    def close_connection(self, error_code=0, additional_data=None,
+                         last_stream_id=None):
+
+        """
+        Close a connection, emitting a GOAWAY frame.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.4.0
+           Added ``additional_data`` and ``last_stream_id`` arguments.
+
+        :param error_code: (optional) The error code to send in the GOAWAY
+            frame.
+        :param additional_data: (optional) Additional debug data indicating
+            a reason for closing the connection. Must be a bytestring.
+        :param last_stream_id: (optional) The last stream which was processed
+            by the sender. Defaults to ``highest_inbound_stream_id``.
+        :returns: Nothing
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("Close connection")
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_GOAWAY)
+
+        # Additional_data must be bytes
+        if additional_data is not None:
+            assert isinstance(additional_data, bytes)
+
+        if last_stream_id is None:
+            last_stream_id = self.highest_inbound_stream_id
+
+        f = GoAwayFrame(
+            stream_id=0,
+            last_stream_id=last_stream_id,
+            error_code=error_code,
+            additional_data=(additional_data or b'')
+        )
+        self._prepare_for_sending([f])
+
+    def update_settings(self, new_settings):
+        """
+        Update the local settings. This will prepare and emit the appropriate
+        SETTINGS frame.
+
+        :param new_settings: A dictionary of {setting: new value}
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Update connection settings to %s", new_settings
+        )
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_SETTINGS)
+        self.local_settings.update(new_settings)
+        s = SettingsFrame(0)
+        s.settings = new_settings
+        self._prepare_for_sending([s])
+
+    def advertise_alternative_service(self,
+                                      field_value,
+                                      origin=None,
+                                      stream_id=None):
+        """
+        Notify a client about an available Alternative Service.
+
+        An Alternative Service is defined in `RFC 7838
+        <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7838>`_. An Alternative Service
+        notification informs a client that a given origin is also available
+        elsewhere.
+
+        Alternative Services can be advertised in two ways. Firstly, they can
+        be advertised explicitly: that is, a server can say "origin X is also
+        available at Y". To advertise like this, set the ``origin`` argument
+        and not the ``stream_id`` argument. Alternatively, they can be
+        advertised implicitly: that is, a server can say "the origin you're
+        contacting on stream X is also available at Y". To advertise like this,
+        set the ``stream_id`` argument and not the ``origin`` argument.
+
+        The explicit method of advertising can be done as long as the
+        connection is active. The implicit method can only be done after the
+        client has sent the request headers and before the server has sent the
+        response headers: outside of those points, Hyper-h2 will forbid sending
+        the Alternative Service advertisement by raising a ProtocolError.
+
+        The ``field_value`` parameter is specified in RFC 7838. Hyper-h2 does
+        not validate or introspect this argument: the user is required to
+        ensure that it's well-formed. ``field_value`` corresponds to RFC 7838's
+        "Alternative Service Field Value".
+
+        .. note:: It is strongly preferred to use the explicit method of
+                  advertising Alternative Services. The implicit method of
+                  advertising Alternative Services has a number of subtleties
+                  and can lead to inconsistencies between the server and
+                  client. Hyper-h2 allows both mechanisms, but caution is
+                  strongly advised.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3.0
+
+        :param field_value: The RFC 7838 Alternative Service Field Value. This
+            argument is not introspected by Hyper-h2: the user is responsible
+            for ensuring that it is well-formed.
+        :type field_value: ``bytes``
+
+        :param origin: The origin/authority to which the Alternative Service
+            being advertised applies. Must not be provided at the same time as
+            ``stream_id``.
+        :type origin: ``bytes`` or ``None``
+
+        :param stream_id: The ID of the stream which was sent to the authority
+            for which this Alternative Service advertisement applies. Must not
+            be provided at the same time as ``origin``.
+        :type stream_id: ``int`` or ``None``
+
+        :returns: Nothing.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(field_value, bytes):
+            raise ValueError("Field must be bytestring.")
+
+        if origin is not None and stream_id is not None:
+            raise ValueError("Must not provide both origin and stream_id")
+
+        self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.SEND_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE
+        )
+
+        if origin is not None:
+            # This ALTSVC is sent on stream zero.
+            f = AltSvcFrame(stream_id=0)
+            f.origin = origin
+            f.field = field_value
+            frames = [f]
+        else:
+            stream = self._get_stream_by_id(stream_id)
+            frames = stream.advertise_alternative_service(field_value)
+
+        self._prepare_for_sending(frames)
+
+    def prioritize(self, stream_id, weight=None, depends_on=None,
+                   exclusive=None):
+        """
+        Notify a server about the priority of a stream.
+
+        Stream priorities are a form of guidance to a remote server: they
+        inform the server about how important a given response is, so that the
+        server may allocate its resources (e.g. bandwidth, CPU time, etc.)
+        accordingly. This exists to allow clients to ensure that the most
+        important data arrives earlier, while less important data does not
+        starve out the more important data.
+
+        Stream priorities are explained in depth in `RFC 7540 Section 5.3
+        <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-5.3>`_.
+
+        This method updates the priority information of a single stream. It may
+        be called well before a stream is actively in use, or well after a
+        stream is closed.
+
+        .. warning:: RFC 7540 allows for servers to change the priority of
+                     streams. However, hyper-h2 **does not** allow server
+                     stacks to do this. This is because most clients do not
+                     adequately know how to respond when provided conflicting
+                     priority information, and relatively little utility is
+                     provided by making that functionality available.
+
+        .. note:: hyper-h2 **does not** maintain any information about the
+                  RFC 7540 priority tree. That means that hyper-h2 does not
+                  prevent incautious users from creating invalid priority
+                  trees, particularly by creating priority loops. While some
+                  basic error checking is provided by hyper-h2, users are
+                  strongly recommended to understand their prioritisation
+                  strategies before using the priority tools here.
+
+        .. note:: Priority information is strictly advisory. Servers are
+                  allowed to disregard it entirely. Avoid relying on the idea
+                  that your priority signaling will definitely be obeyed.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.4.0
+
+        :param stream_id: The ID of the stream to prioritize.
+        :type stream_id: ``int``
+
+        :param weight: The weight to give the stream. Defaults to ``16``, the
+             default weight of any stream. May be any value between ``1`` and
+             ``256`` inclusive. The relative weight of a stream indicates what
+             proportion of available resources will be allocated to that
+             stream.
+        :type weight: ``int``
+
+        :param depends_on: The ID of the stream on which this stream depends.
+             This stream will only be progressed if it is impossible to
+             progress the parent stream (the one on which this one depends).
+             Passing the value ``0`` means that this stream does not depend on
+             any other. Defaults to ``0``.
+        :type depends_on: ``int``
+
+        :param exclusive: Whether this stream is an exclusive dependency of its
+            "parent" stream (i.e. the stream given by ``depends_on``). If a
+            stream is an exclusive dependency of another, that means that all
+            previously-set children of the parent are moved to become children
+            of the new exclusively-dependent stream. Defaults to ``False``.
+        :type exclusive: ``bool``
+        """
+        if not self.config.client_side:
+            raise RFC1122Error("Servers SHOULD NOT prioritize streams.")
+
+        self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.SEND_PRIORITY
+        )
+
+        frame = PriorityFrame(stream_id)
+        frame = _add_frame_priority(frame, weight, depends_on, exclusive)
+
+        self._prepare_for_sending([frame])
+
+    def local_flow_control_window(self, stream_id):
+        """
+        Returns the maximum amount of data that can be sent on stream
+        ``stream_id``.
+
+        This value will never be larger than the total data that can be sent on
+        the connection: even if the given stream allows more data, the
+        connection window provides a logical maximum to the amount of data that
+        can be sent.
+
+        The maximum data that can be sent in a single data frame on a stream
+        is either this value, or the maximum frame size, whichever is
+        *smaller*.
+
+        :param stream_id: The ID of the stream whose flow control window is
+            being queried.
+        :type stream_id: ``int``
+        :returns: The amount of data in bytes that can be sent on the stream
+            before the flow control window is exhausted.
+        :rtype: ``int``
+        """
+        stream = self._get_stream_by_id(stream_id)
+        return min(
+            self.outbound_flow_control_window,
+            stream.outbound_flow_control_window
+        )
+
+    def remote_flow_control_window(self, stream_id):
+        """
+        Returns the maximum amount of data the remote peer can send on stream
+        ``stream_id``.
+
+        This value will never be larger than the total data that can be sent on
+        the connection: even if the given stream allows more data, the
+        connection window provides a logical maximum to the amount of data that
+        can be sent.
+
+        The maximum data that can be sent in a single data frame on a stream
+        is either this value, or the maximum frame size, whichever is
+        *smaller*.
+
+        :param stream_id: The ID of the stream whose flow control window is
+            being queried.
+        :type stream_id: ``int``
+        :returns: The amount of data in bytes that can be received on the
+            stream before the flow control window is exhausted.
+        :rtype: ``int``
+        """
+        stream = self._get_stream_by_id(stream_id)
+        return min(
+            self.inbound_flow_control_window,
+            stream.inbound_flow_control_window
+        )
+
+    def acknowledge_received_data(self, acknowledged_size, stream_id):
+        """
+        Inform the :class:`H2Connection <h2.connection.H2Connection>` that a
+        certain number of flow-controlled bytes have been processed, and that
+        the space should be handed back to the remote peer at an opportune
+        time.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.5.0
+
+        :param acknowledged_size: The total *flow-controlled size* of the data
+            that has been processed. Note that this must include the amount of
+            padding that was sent with that data.
+        :type acknowledged_size: ``int``
+        :param stream_id: The ID of the stream on which this data was received.
+        :type stream_id: ``int``
+        :returns: Nothing
+        :rtype: ``None``
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Ack received data on stream ID %d with size %d",
+            stream_id, acknowledged_size
+        )
+        if stream_id <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Stream ID %d is not valid for acknowledge_received_data" %
+                stream_id
+            )
+        if acknowledged_size < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Cannot acknowledge negative data")
+
+        frames = []
+
+        conn_manager = self._inbound_flow_control_window_manager
+        conn_increment = conn_manager.process_bytes(acknowledged_size)
+        if conn_increment:
+            f = WindowUpdateFrame(0)
+            f.window_increment = conn_increment
+            frames.append(f)
+
+        try:
+            stream = self._get_stream_by_id(stream_id)
+        except StreamClosedError:
+            # The stream is already gone. We're not worried about incrementing
+            # the window in this case.
+            pass
+        else:
+            # No point incrementing the windows of closed streams.
+            if stream.open:
+                frames.extend(
+                    stream.acknowledge_received_data(acknowledged_size)
+                )
+
+        self._prepare_for_sending(frames)
+
+    def data_to_send(self, amount=None):
+        """
+        Returns some data for sending out of the internal data buffer.
+
+        This method is analogous to ``read`` on a file-like object, but it
+        doesn't block. Instead, it returns as much data as the user asks for,
+        or less if that much data is not available. It does not perform any
+        I/O, and so uses a different name.
+
+        :param amount: (optional) The maximum amount of data to return. If not
+            set, or set to ``None``, will return as much data as possible.
+        :type amount: ``int``
+        :returns: A bytestring containing the data to send on the wire.
+        :rtype: ``bytes``
+        """
+        if amount is None:
+            data = bytes(self._data_to_send)
+            self._data_to_send = bytearray()
+            return data
+        else:
+            data = bytes(self._data_to_send[:amount])
+            self._data_to_send = self._data_to_send[amount:]
+            return data
+
+    def clear_outbound_data_buffer(self):
+        """
+        Clears the outbound data buffer, such that if this call was immediately
+        followed by a call to
+        :meth:`data_to_send <h2.connection.H2Connection.data_to_send>`, that
+        call would return no data.
+
+        This method should not normally be used, but is made available to avoid
+        exposing implementation details.
+        """
+        self._data_to_send = bytearray()
+
+    def _acknowledge_settings(self):
+        """
+        Acknowledge settings that have been received.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+           Removed from public API, removed useless ``event`` parameter, made
+           automatic.
+
+        :returns: Nothing
+        """
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_SETTINGS)
+
+        changes = self.remote_settings.acknowledge()
+
+        if SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE in changes:
+            setting = changes[SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE]
+            self._flow_control_change_from_settings(
+                setting.original_value,
+                setting.new_value,
+            )
+
+        # HEADER_TABLE_SIZE changes by the remote part affect our encoder: cf.
+        # RFC 7540 Section 6.5.2.
+        if SettingCodes.HEADER_TABLE_SIZE in changes:
+            setting = changes[SettingCodes.HEADER_TABLE_SIZE]
+            self.encoder.header_table_size = setting.new_value
+
+        if SettingCodes.MAX_FRAME_SIZE in changes:
+            setting = changes[SettingCodes.MAX_FRAME_SIZE]
+            self.max_outbound_frame_size = setting.new_value
+            for stream in self.streams.values():
+                stream.max_outbound_frame_size = setting.new_value
+
+        f = SettingsFrame(0)
+        f.flags.add('ACK')
+        return [f]
+
+    def _flow_control_change_from_settings(self, old_value, new_value):
+        """
+        Update flow control windows in response to a change in the value of
+        SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE.
+
+        When this setting is changed, it automatically updates all flow control
+        windows by the delta in the settings values. Note that it does not
+        increment the *connection* flow control window, per section 6.9.2 of
+        RFC 7540.
+        """
+        delta = new_value - old_value
+
+        for stream in self.streams.values():
+            stream.outbound_flow_control_window = guard_increment_window(
+                stream.outbound_flow_control_window,
+                delta
+            )
+
+    def _inbound_flow_control_change_from_settings(self, old_value, new_value):
+        """
+        Update remote flow control windows in response to a change in the value
+        of SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE.
+
+        When this setting is changed, it automatically updates all remote flow
+        control windows by the delta in the settings values.
+        """
+        delta = new_value - old_value
+
+        for stream in self.streams.values():
+            stream._inbound_flow_control_change_from_settings(delta)
+
+    def receive_data(self, data):
+        """
+        Pass some received HTTP/2 data to the connection for handling.
+
+        :param data: The data received from the remote peer on the network.
+        :type data: ``bytes``
+        :returns: A list of events that the remote peer triggered by sending
+            this data.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.trace(
+            "Process received data on connection. Received data: %r", data
+        )
+
+        events = []
+        self.incoming_buffer.add_data(data)
+        self.incoming_buffer.max_frame_size = self.max_inbound_frame_size
+
+        try:
+            for frame in self.incoming_buffer:
+                events.extend(self._receive_frame(frame))
+        except InvalidPaddingError:
+            self._terminate_connection(ErrorCodes.PROTOCOL_ERROR)
+            raise ProtocolError("Received frame with invalid padding.")
+        except ProtocolError as e:
+            # For whatever reason, receiving the frame caused a protocol error.
+            # We should prepare to emit a GoAway frame before throwing the
+            # exception up further. No need for an event: the exception will
+            # do fine.
+            self._terminate_connection(e.error_code)
+            raise
+
+        return events
+
+    def _receive_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        Handle a frame received on the connection.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+           Removed from the public API.
+        """
+        try:
+            # I don't love using __class__ here, maybe reconsider it.
+            frames, events = self._frame_dispatch_table[frame.__class__](frame)
+        except StreamClosedError as e:
+            # If the stream was closed by RST_STREAM, we just send a RST_STREAM
+            # to the remote peer. Otherwise, this is a connection error, and so
+            # we will re-raise to trigger one.
+            if self._stream_is_closed_by_reset(e.stream_id):
+                f = RstStreamFrame(e.stream_id)
+                f.error_code = e.error_code
+                self._prepare_for_sending([f])
+                events = e._events
+            else:
+                raise
+        except StreamIDTooLowError as e:
+            # The stream ID seems invalid. This may happen when the closed
+            # stream has been cleaned up, or when the remote peer has opened a
+            # new stream with a higher stream ID than this one, forcing it
+            # closed implicitly.
+            #
+            # Check how the stream was closed: depending on the mechanism, it
+            # is either a stream error or a connection error.
+            if self._stream_is_closed_by_reset(e.stream_id):
+                # Closed by RST_STREAM is a stream error.
+                f = RstStreamFrame(e.stream_id)
+                f.error_code = ErrorCodes.STREAM_CLOSED
+                self._prepare_for_sending([f])
+                events = []
+            elif self._stream_is_closed_by_end(e.stream_id):
+                # Closed by END_STREAM is a connection error.
+                raise StreamClosedError(e.stream_id)
+            else:
+                # Closed implicitly, also a connection error, but of type
+                # PROTOCOL_ERROR.
+                raise
+        else:
+            self._prepare_for_sending(frames)
+
+        return events
+
+    def _terminate_connection(self, error_code):
+        """
+        Terminate the connection early. Used in error handling blocks to send
+        GOAWAY frames.
+        """
+        f = GoAwayFrame(0)
+        f.last_stream_id = self.highest_inbound_stream_id
+        f.error_code = error_code
+        self.state_machine.process_input(ConnectionInputs.SEND_GOAWAY)
+        self._prepare_for_sending([f])
+
+    def _receive_headers_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        Receive a headers frame on the connection.
+        """
+        # If necessary, check we can open the stream. Also validate that the
+        # stream ID is valid.
+        if frame.stream_id not in self.streams:
+            max_open_streams = self.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams
+            if (self.open_inbound_streams + 1) > max_open_streams:
+                raise TooManyStreamsError(
+                    "Max outbound streams is %d, %d open" %
+                    (max_open_streams, self.open_outbound_streams)
+                )
+
+        # Let's decode the headers. We handle headers as bytes internally up
+        # until we hang them off the event, at which point we may optionally
+        # convert them to unicode.
+        headers = _decode_headers(self.decoder, frame.data)
+
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_HEADERS
+        )
+        stream = self._get_or_create_stream(
+            frame.stream_id, AllowedStreamIDs(not self.config.client_side)
+        )
+        frames, stream_events = stream.receive_headers(
+            headers,
+            'END_STREAM' in frame.flags,
+            self.config.header_encoding
+        )
+
+        if 'PRIORITY' in frame.flags:
+            p_frames, p_events = self._receive_priority_frame(frame)
+            stream_events[0].priority_updated = p_events[0]
+            stream_events.extend(p_events)
+            assert not p_frames
+
+        return frames, events + stream_events
+
+    def _receive_push_promise_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        Receive a push-promise frame on the connection.
+        """
+        if not self.local_settings.enable_push:
+            raise ProtocolError("Received pushed stream")
+
+        pushed_headers = _decode_headers(self.decoder, frame.data)
+
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_PUSH_PROMISE
+        )
+
+        try:
+            stream = self._get_stream_by_id(frame.stream_id)
+        except NoSuchStreamError:
+            # We need to check if the parent stream was reset by us. If it was
+            # then we presume that the PUSH_PROMISE was in flight when we reset
+            # the parent stream. Rather than accept the new stream, just reset
+            # it.
+            #
+            # If this was closed naturally, however, we should call this a
+            # PROTOCOL_ERROR: pushing a stream on a naturally closed stream is
+            # a real problem because it creates a brand new stream that the
+            # remote peer now believes exists.
+            if (self._stream_closed_by(frame.stream_id) ==
+                    StreamClosedBy.SEND_RST_STREAM):
+                f = RstStreamFrame(frame.promised_stream_id)
+                f.error_code = ErrorCodes.REFUSED_STREAM
+                return [f], events
+
+            raise ProtocolError("Attempted to push on closed stream.")
+
+        # We need to prevent peers pushing streams in response to streams that
+        # they themselves have already pushed: see #163 and RFC 7540 § 6.6. The
+        # easiest way to do that is to assert that the stream_id is not even:
+        # this shortcut works because only servers can push and the state
+        # machine will enforce this.
+        if (frame.stream_id % 2) == 0:
+            raise ProtocolError("Cannot recursively push streams.")
+
+        try:
+            frames, stream_events = stream.receive_push_promise_in_band(
+                frame.promised_stream_id,
+                pushed_headers,
+                self.config.header_encoding,
+            )
+        except StreamClosedError:
+            # The parent stream was reset by us, so we presume that
+            # PUSH_PROMISE was in flight when we reset the parent stream.
+            # So we just reset the new stream.
+            f = RstStreamFrame(frame.promised_stream_id)
+            f.error_code = ErrorCodes.REFUSED_STREAM
+            return [f], events
+
+        new_stream = self._begin_new_stream(
+            frame.promised_stream_id, AllowedStreamIDs.EVEN
+        )
+        self.streams[frame.promised_stream_id] = new_stream
+        new_stream.remotely_pushed(pushed_headers)
+
+        return frames, events + stream_events
+
+    def _handle_data_on_closed_stream(self, events, exc, frame):
+        # This stream is already closed - and yet we received a DATA frame.
+        # The received DATA frame counts towards the connection flow window.
+        # We need to manually to acknowledge the DATA frame to update the flow
+        # window of the connection. Otherwise the whole connection stalls due
+        # the inbound flow window being 0.
+        frames = []
+        conn_manager = self._inbound_flow_control_window_manager
+        conn_increment = conn_manager.process_bytes(
+            frame.flow_controlled_length
+        )
+        if conn_increment:
+            f = WindowUpdateFrame(0)
+            f.window_increment = conn_increment
+            frames.append(f)
+            self.config.logger.debug(
+                "Received DATA frame on closed stream %d - "
+                "auto-emitted a WINDOW_UPDATE by %d",
+                frame.stream_id, conn_increment
+            )
+        f = RstStreamFrame(exc.stream_id)
+        f.error_code = exc.error_code
+        frames.append(f)
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Stream %d already CLOSED or cleaned up - "
+            "auto-emitted a RST_FRAME" % frame.stream_id
+        )
+        return frames, events + exc._events
+
+    def _receive_data_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        Receive a data frame on the connection.
+        """
+        flow_controlled_length = frame.flow_controlled_length
+
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_DATA
+        )
+        self._inbound_flow_control_window_manager.window_consumed(
+            flow_controlled_length
+        )
+
+        try:
+            stream = self._get_stream_by_id(frame.stream_id)
+            frames, stream_events = stream.receive_data(
+                frame.data,
+                'END_STREAM' in frame.flags,
+                flow_controlled_length
+            )
+        except StreamClosedError as e:
+            # This stream is either marked as CLOSED or already gone from our
+            # internal state.
+            return self._handle_data_on_closed_stream(events, e, frame)
+
+        return frames, events + stream_events
+
+    def _receive_settings_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        Receive a SETTINGS frame on the connection.
+        """
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_SETTINGS
+        )
+
+        # This is an ack of the local settings.
+        if 'ACK' in frame.flags:
+            changed_settings = self._local_settings_acked()
+            ack_event = SettingsAcknowledged()
+            ack_event.changed_settings = changed_settings
+            events.append(ack_event)
+            return [], events
+
+        # Add the new settings.
+        self.remote_settings.update(frame.settings)
+        events.append(
+            RemoteSettingsChanged.from_settings(
+                self.remote_settings, frame.settings
+            )
+        )
+        frames = self._acknowledge_settings()
+
+        return frames, events
+
+    def _receive_window_update_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        Receive a WINDOW_UPDATE frame on the connection.
+        """
+        # hyperframe will take care of validating the window_increment.
+        # If we reach in here, we can assume a valid value.
+
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE
+        )
+
+        if frame.stream_id:
+            try:
+                stream = self._get_stream_by_id(frame.stream_id)
+                frames, stream_events = stream.receive_window_update(
+                    frame.window_increment
+                )
+            except StreamClosedError:
+                return [], events
+        else:
+            # Increment our local flow control window.
+            self.outbound_flow_control_window = guard_increment_window(
+                self.outbound_flow_control_window,
+                frame.window_increment
+            )
+
+            # FIXME: Should we split this into one event per active stream?
+            window_updated_event = WindowUpdated()
+            window_updated_event.stream_id = 0
+            window_updated_event.delta = frame.window_increment
+            stream_events = [window_updated_event]
+            frames = []
+
+        return frames, events + stream_events
+
+    def _receive_ping_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        Receive a PING frame on the connection.
+        """
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_PING
+        )
+        flags = []
+
+        if 'ACK' in frame.flags:
+            evt = PingAckReceived()
+        else:
+            evt = PingReceived()
+
+            # automatically ACK the PING with the same 'opaque data'
+            f = PingFrame(0)
+            f.flags = {'ACK'}
+            f.opaque_data = frame.opaque_data
+            flags.append(f)
+
+        evt.ping_data = frame.opaque_data
+        events.append(evt)
+
+        return flags, events
+
+    def _receive_rst_stream_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        Receive a RST_STREAM frame on the connection.
+        """
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_RST_STREAM
+        )
+        try:
+            stream = self._get_stream_by_id(frame.stream_id)
+        except NoSuchStreamError:
+            # The stream is missing. That's ok, we just do nothing here.
+            stream_frames = []
+            stream_events = []
+        else:
+            stream_frames, stream_events = stream.stream_reset(frame)
+
+        return stream_frames, events + stream_events
+
+    def _receive_priority_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        Receive a PRIORITY frame on the connection.
+        """
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_PRIORITY
+        )
+
+        event = PriorityUpdated()
+        event.stream_id = frame.stream_id
+        event.depends_on = frame.depends_on
+        event.exclusive = frame.exclusive
+
+        # Weight is an integer between 1 and 256, but the byte only allows
+        # 0 to 255: add one.
+        event.weight = frame.stream_weight + 1
+
+        # A stream may not depend on itself.
+        if event.depends_on == frame.stream_id:
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Stream %d may not depend on itself" % frame.stream_id
+            )
+        events.append(event)
+
+        return [], events
+
+    def _receive_goaway_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        Receive a GOAWAY frame on the connection.
+        """
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_GOAWAY
+        )
+
+        # Clear the outbound data buffer: we cannot send further data now.
+        self.clear_outbound_data_buffer()
+
+        # Fire an appropriate ConnectionTerminated event.
+        new_event = ConnectionTerminated()
+        new_event.error_code = _error_code_from_int(frame.error_code)
+        new_event.last_stream_id = frame.last_stream_id
+        new_event.additional_data = (frame.additional_data
+                                     if frame.additional_data else None)
+        events.append(new_event)
+
+        return [], events
+
+    def _receive_naked_continuation(self, frame):
+        """
+        A naked CONTINUATION frame has been received. This is always an error,
+        but the type of error it is depends on the state of the stream and must
+        transition the state of the stream, so we need to pass it to the
+        appropriate stream.
+        """
+        stream = self._get_stream_by_id(frame.stream_id)
+        stream.receive_continuation()
+        assert False, "Should not be reachable"
+
+    def _receive_alt_svc_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        An ALTSVC frame has been received. This frame, specified in RFC 7838,
+        is used to advertise alternative places where the same service can be
+        reached.
+
+        This frame can optionally be received either on a stream or on stream
+        0, and its semantics are different in each case.
+        """
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            ConnectionInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE
+        )
+        frames = []
+
+        if frame.stream_id:
+            # Given that it makes no sense to receive ALTSVC on a stream
+            # before that stream has been opened with a HEADERS frame, the
+            # ALTSVC frame cannot create a stream. If the stream is not
+            # present, we simply ignore the frame.
+            try:
+                stream = self._get_stream_by_id(frame.stream_id)
+            except (NoSuchStreamError, StreamClosedError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                stream_frames, stream_events = stream.receive_alt_svc(frame)
+                frames.extend(stream_frames)
+                events.extend(stream_events)
+        else:
+            # This frame is sent on stream 0. The origin field on the frame
+            # must be present, though if it isn't it's not a ProtocolError
+            # (annoyingly), we just need to ignore it.
+            if not frame.origin:
+                return frames, events
+
+            # If we're a server, we want to ignore this (RFC 7838 says so).
+            if not self.config.client_side:
+                return frames, events
+
+            event = AlternativeServiceAvailable()
+            event.origin = frame.origin
+            event.field_value = frame.field
+            events.append(event)
+
+        return frames, events
+
+    def _receive_unknown_frame(self, frame):
+        """
+        We have received a frame that we do not understand. This is almost
+        certainly an extension frame, though it's impossible to be entirely
+        sure.
+
+        RFC 7540 § 5.5 says that we MUST ignore unknown frame types: so we
+        do. We do notify the user that we received one, however.
+        """
+        # All we do here is log.
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Received unknown extension frame (ID %d)", frame.stream_id
+        )
+        event = UnknownFrameReceived()
+        event.frame = frame
+        return [], [event]
+
+    def _local_settings_acked(self):
+        """
+        Handle the local settings being ACKed, update internal state.
+        """
+        changes = self.local_settings.acknowledge()
+
+        if SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE in changes:
+            setting = changes[SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE]
+            self._inbound_flow_control_change_from_settings(
+                setting.original_value,
+                setting.new_value,
+            )
+
+        if SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE in changes:
+            setting = changes[SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE]
+            self.decoder.max_header_list_size = setting.new_value
+
+        if SettingCodes.MAX_FRAME_SIZE in changes:
+            setting = changes[SettingCodes.MAX_FRAME_SIZE]
+            self.max_inbound_frame_size = setting.new_value
+
+        if SettingCodes.HEADER_TABLE_SIZE in changes:
+            setting = changes[SettingCodes.HEADER_TABLE_SIZE]
+            # This is safe across all hpack versions: some versions just won't
+            # respect it.
+            self.decoder.max_allowed_table_size = setting.new_value
+
+        return changes
+
+    def _stream_id_is_outbound(self, stream_id):
+        """
+        Returns ``True`` if the stream ID corresponds to an outbound stream
+        (one initiated by this peer), returns ``False`` otherwise.
+        """
+        return (stream_id % 2 == int(self.config.client_side))
+
+    def _stream_closed_by(self, stream_id):
+        """
+        Returns how the stream was closed.
+
+        The return value will be either a member of
+        ``h2.stream.StreamClosedBy`` or ``None``. If ``None``, the stream was
+        closed implicitly by the peer opening a stream with a higher stream ID
+        before opening this one.
+        """
+        if stream_id in self.streams:
+            return self.streams[stream_id].closed_by
+        if stream_id in self._closed_streams:
+            return self._closed_streams[stream_id]
+        return None
+
+    def _stream_is_closed_by_reset(self, stream_id):
+        """
+        Returns ``True`` if the stream was closed by sending or receiving a
+        RST_STREAM frame. Returns ``False`` otherwise.
+        """
+        return self._stream_closed_by(stream_id) in (
+            StreamClosedBy.RECV_RST_STREAM, StreamClosedBy.SEND_RST_STREAM
+        )
+
+    def _stream_is_closed_by_end(self, stream_id):
+        """
+        Returns ``True`` if the stream was closed by sending or receiving an
+        END_STREAM flag in a HEADERS or DATA frame. Returns ``False``
+        otherwise.
+        """
+        return self._stream_closed_by(stream_id) in (
+            StreamClosedBy.RECV_END_STREAM, StreamClosedBy.SEND_END_STREAM
+        )
+
+
+def _add_frame_priority(frame, weight=None, depends_on=None, exclusive=None):
+    """
+    Adds priority data to a given frame. Does not change any flags set on that
+    frame: if the caller is adding priority information to a HEADERS frame they
+    must set that themselves.
+
+    This method also deliberately sets defaults for anything missing.
+
+    This method validates the input values.
+    """
+    # A stream may not depend on itself.
+    if depends_on == frame.stream_id:
+        raise ProtocolError(
+            "Stream %d may not depend on itself" % frame.stream_id
+        )
+
+    # Weight must be between 1 and 256.
+    if weight is not None:
+        if weight > 256 or weight < 1:
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Weight must be between 1 and 256, not %d" % weight
+            )
+        else:
+            # Weight is an integer between 1 and 256, but the byte only allows
+            # 0 to 255: subtract one.
+            weight -= 1
+
+    # Set defaults for anything not provided.
+    weight = weight if weight is not None else 15
+    depends_on = depends_on if depends_on is not None else 0
+    exclusive = exclusive if exclusive is not None else False
+
+    frame.stream_weight = weight
+    frame.depends_on = depends_on
+    frame.exclusive = exclusive
+
+    return frame
+
+
+def _decode_headers(decoder, encoded_header_block):
+    """
+    Decode a HPACK-encoded header block, translating HPACK exceptions into
+    sensible hyper-h2 errors.
+
+    This only ever returns bytestring headers: hyper-h2 may emit them as
+    unicode later, but internally it processes them as bytestrings only.
+    """
+    try:
+        return decoder.decode(encoded_header_block, raw=True)
+    except OversizedHeaderListError as e:
+        # This is a symptom of a HPACK bomb attack: the user has
+        # disregarded our requirements on how large a header block we'll
+        # accept.
+        raise DenialOfServiceError("Oversized header block: %s" % e)
+    except (HPACKError, IndexError, TypeError, UnicodeDecodeError) as e:
+        # We should only need HPACKError here, but versions of HPACK older
+        # than 2.1.0 throw all three others as well. For maximum
+        # compatibility, catch all of them.
+        raise ProtocolError("Error decoding header block: %s" % e)
diff --git a/packages/h2/errors.py b/packages/h2/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..303df5976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+h2/errors
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+Global error code registry containing the established HTTP/2 error codes.
+
+The current registry is available at:
+https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-11.4
+"""
+import enum
+
+
+class ErrorCodes(enum.IntEnum):
+    """
+    All known HTTP/2 error codes.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.5.0
+    """
+    #: Graceful shutdown.
+    NO_ERROR = 0x0
+
+    #: Protocol error detected.
+    PROTOCOL_ERROR = 0x1
+
+    #: Implementation fault.
+    INTERNAL_ERROR = 0x2
+
+    #: Flow-control limits exceeded.
+    FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR = 0x3
+
+    #: Settings not acknowledged.
+    SETTINGS_TIMEOUT = 0x4
+
+    #: Frame received for closed stream.
+    STREAM_CLOSED = 0x5
+
+    #: Frame size incorrect.
+    FRAME_SIZE_ERROR = 0x6
+
+    #: Stream not processed.
+    REFUSED_STREAM = 0x7
+
+    #: Stream cancelled.
+    CANCEL = 0x8
+
+    #: Compression state not updated.
+    COMPRESSION_ERROR = 0x9
+
+    #: TCP connection error for CONNECT method.
+    CONNECT_ERROR = 0xa
+
+    #: Processing capacity exceeded.
+    ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM = 0xb
+
+    #: Negotiated TLS parameters not acceptable.
+    INADEQUATE_SECURITY = 0xc
+
+    #: Use HTTP/1.1 for the request.
+    HTTP_1_1_REQUIRED = 0xd
+
+
+def _error_code_from_int(code):
+    """
+    Given an integer error code, returns either one of :class:`ErrorCodes
+    <h2.errors.ErrorCodes>` or, if not present in the known set of codes,
+    returns the integer directly.
+    """
+    try:
+        return ErrorCodes(code)
+    except ValueError:
+        return code
+
+
+__all__ = ['ErrorCodes']
diff --git a/packages/h2/events.py b/packages/h2/events.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08b318671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,634 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+h2/events
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+Defines Event types for HTTP/2.
+
+Events are returned by the H2 state machine to allow implementations to keep
+track of events triggered by receiving data. Each time data is provided to the
+H2 state machine it processes the data and returns a list of Event objects.
+"""
+import binascii
+
+from .settings import ChangedSetting, _setting_code_from_int
+
+
+class Event:
+    """
+    Base class for h2 events.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class RequestReceived(Event):
+    """
+    The RequestReceived event is fired whenever request headers are received.
+    This event carries the HTTP headers for the given request and the stream ID
+    of the new stream.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3.0
+       Changed the type of ``headers`` to :class:`HeaderTuple
+       <hpack:hpack.HeaderTuple>`. This has no effect on current users.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.4.0
+       Added ``stream_ended`` and ``priority_updated`` properties.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The Stream ID for the stream this request was made on.
+        self.stream_id = None
+
+        #: The request headers.
+        self.headers = None
+
+        #: If this request also ended the stream, the associated
+        #: :class:`StreamEnded <h2.events.StreamEnded>` event will be available
+        #: here.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.4.0
+        self.stream_ended = None
+
+        #: If this request also had associated priority information, the
+        #: associated :class:`PriorityUpdated <h2.events.PriorityUpdated>`
+        #: event will be available here.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.4.0
+        self.priority_updated = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<RequestReceived stream_id:%s, headers:%s>" % (
+            self.stream_id, self.headers
+        )
+
+
+class ResponseReceived(Event):
+    """
+    The ResponseReceived event is fired whenever response headers are received.
+    This event carries the HTTP headers for the given response and the stream
+    ID of the new stream.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3.0
+       Changed the type of ``headers`` to :class:`HeaderTuple
+       <hpack:hpack.HeaderTuple>`. This has no effect on current users.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 2.4.0
+      Added ``stream_ended`` and ``priority_updated`` properties.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The Stream ID for the stream this response was made on.
+        self.stream_id = None
+
+        #: The response headers.
+        self.headers = None
+
+        #: If this response also ended the stream, the associated
+        #: :class:`StreamEnded <h2.events.StreamEnded>` event will be available
+        #: here.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.4.0
+        self.stream_ended = None
+
+        #: If this response also had associated priority information, the
+        #: associated :class:`PriorityUpdated <h2.events.PriorityUpdated>`
+        #: event will be available here.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.4.0
+        self.priority_updated = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<ResponseReceived stream_id:%s, headers:%s>" % (
+            self.stream_id, self.headers
+        )
+
+
+class TrailersReceived(Event):
+    """
+    The TrailersReceived event is fired whenever trailers are received on a
+    stream. Trailers are a set of headers sent after the body of the
+    request/response, and are used to provide information that wasn't known
+    ahead of time (e.g. content-length). This event carries the HTTP header
+    fields that form the trailers and the stream ID of the stream on which they
+    were received.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3.0
+       Changed the type of ``headers`` to :class:`HeaderTuple
+       <hpack:hpack.HeaderTuple>`. This has no effect on current users.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.4.0
+       Added ``stream_ended`` and ``priority_updated`` properties.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The Stream ID for the stream on which these trailers were received.
+        self.stream_id = None
+
+        #: The trailers themselves.
+        self.headers = None
+
+        #: Trailers always end streams. This property has the associated
+        #: :class:`StreamEnded <h2.events.StreamEnded>` in it.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.4.0
+        self.stream_ended = None
+
+        #: If the trailers also set associated priority information, the
+        #: associated :class:`PriorityUpdated <h2.events.PriorityUpdated>`
+        #: event will be available here.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.4.0
+        self.priority_updated = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<TrailersReceived stream_id:%s, headers:%s>" % (
+            self.stream_id, self.headers
+        )
+
+
+class _HeadersSent(Event):
+    """
+    The _HeadersSent event is fired whenever headers are sent.
+
+    This is an internal event, used to determine validation steps on
+    outgoing header blocks.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class _ResponseSent(_HeadersSent):
+    """
+    The _ResponseSent event is fired whenever response headers are sent
+    on a stream.
+
+    This is an internal event, used to determine validation steps on
+    outgoing header blocks.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class _RequestSent(_HeadersSent):
+    """
+    The _RequestSent event is fired whenever request headers are sent
+    on a stream.
+
+    This is an internal event, used to determine validation steps on
+    outgoing header blocks.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class _TrailersSent(_HeadersSent):
+    """
+    The _TrailersSent event is fired whenever trailers are sent on a
+    stream. Trailers are a set of headers sent after the body of the
+    request/response, and are used to provide information that wasn't known
+    ahead of time (e.g. content-length).
+
+    This is an internal event, used to determine validation steps on
+    outgoing header blocks.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class _PushedRequestSent(_HeadersSent):
+    """
+    The _PushedRequestSent event is fired whenever pushed request headers are
+    sent.
+
+    This is an internal event, used to determine validation steps on outgoing
+    header blocks.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class InformationalResponseReceived(Event):
+    """
+    The InformationalResponseReceived event is fired when an informational
+    response (that is, one whose status code is a 1XX code) is received from
+    the remote peer.
+
+    The remote peer may send any number of these, from zero upwards. These
+    responses are most commonly sent in response to requests that have the
+    ``expect: 100-continue`` header field present. Most users can safely
+    ignore this event unless you are intending to use the
+    ``expect: 100-continue`` flow, or are for any reason expecting a different
+    1XX status code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2.0
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3.0
+       Changed the type of ``headers`` to :class:`HeaderTuple
+       <hpack:hpack.HeaderTuple>`. This has no effect on current users.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.4.0
+       Added ``priority_updated`` property.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The Stream ID for the stream this informational response was made
+        #: on.
+        self.stream_id = None
+
+        #: The headers for this informational response.
+        self.headers = None
+
+        #: If this response also had associated priority information, the
+        #: associated :class:`PriorityUpdated <h2.events.PriorityUpdated>`
+        #: event will be available here.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.4.0
+        self.priority_updated = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<InformationalResponseReceived stream_id:%s, headers:%s>" % (
+            self.stream_id, self.headers
+        )
+
+
+class DataReceived(Event):
+    """
+    The DataReceived event is fired whenever data is received on a stream from
+    the remote peer. The event carries the data itself, and the stream ID on
+    which the data was received.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.4.0
+       Added ``stream_ended`` property.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The Stream ID for the stream this data was received on.
+        self.stream_id = None
+
+        #: The data itself.
+        self.data = None
+
+        #: The amount of data received that counts against the flow control
+        #: window. Note that padding counts against the flow control window, so
+        #: when adjusting flow control you should always use this field rather
+        #: than ``len(data)``.
+        self.flow_controlled_length = None
+
+        #: If this data chunk also completed the stream, the associated
+        #: :class:`StreamEnded <h2.events.StreamEnded>` event will be available
+        #: here.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.4.0
+        self.stream_ended = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "<DataReceived stream_id:%s, "
+            "flow_controlled_length:%s, "
+            "data:%s>" % (
+                self.stream_id,
+                self.flow_controlled_length,
+                _bytes_representation(self.data[:20]),
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class WindowUpdated(Event):
+    """
+    The WindowUpdated event is fired whenever a flow control window changes
+    size. HTTP/2 defines flow control windows for connections and streams: this
+    event fires for both connections and streams. The event carries the ID of
+    the stream to which it applies (set to zero if the window update applies to
+    the connection), and the delta in the window size.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The Stream ID of the stream whose flow control window was changed.
+        #: May be ``0`` if the connection window was changed.
+        self.stream_id = None
+
+        #: The window delta.
+        self.delta = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<WindowUpdated stream_id:%s, delta:%s>" % (
+            self.stream_id, self.delta
+        )
+
+
+class RemoteSettingsChanged(Event):
+    """
+    The RemoteSettingsChanged event is fired whenever the remote peer changes
+    its settings. It contains a complete inventory of changed settings,
+    including their previous values.
+
+    In HTTP/2, settings changes need to be acknowledged. hyper-h2 automatically
+    acknowledges settings changes for efficiency. However, it is possible that
+    the caller may not be happy with the changed setting.
+
+    When this event is received, the caller should confirm that the new
+    settings are acceptable. If they are not acceptable, the user should close
+    the connection with the error code :data:`PROTOCOL_ERROR
+    <h2.errors.ErrorCodes.PROTOCOL_ERROR>`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+       Prior to this version the user needed to acknowledge settings changes.
+       This is no longer the case: hyper-h2 now automatically acknowledges
+       them.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: A dictionary of setting byte to
+        #: :class:`ChangedSetting <h2.settings.ChangedSetting>`, representing
+        #: the changed settings.
+        self.changed_settings = {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_settings(cls, old_settings, new_settings):
+        """
+        Build a RemoteSettingsChanged event from a set of changed settings.
+
+        :param old_settings: A complete collection of old settings, in the form
+                             of a dictionary of ``{setting: value}``.
+        :param new_settings: All the changed settings and their new values, in
+                             the form of a dictionary of ``{setting: value}``.
+        """
+        e = cls()
+        for setting, new_value in new_settings.items():
+            setting = _setting_code_from_int(setting)
+            original_value = old_settings.get(setting)
+            change = ChangedSetting(setting, original_value, new_value)
+            e.changed_settings[setting] = change
+
+        return e
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<RemoteSettingsChanged changed_settings:{%s}>" % (
+            ", ".join(repr(cs) for cs in self.changed_settings.values()),
+        )
+
+
+class PingReceived(Event):
+    """
+    The PingReceived event is fired whenever a PING is received. It contains
+    the 'opaque data' of the PING frame. A ping acknowledgment with the same
+    'opaque data' is automatically emitted after receiving a ping.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The data included on the ping.
+        self.ping_data = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<PingReceived ping_data:%s>" % (
+            _bytes_representation(self.ping_data),
+        )
+
+
+class PingAckReceived(Event):
+    """
+    The PingAckReceived event is fired whenever a PING acknowledgment is
+    received. It contains the 'opaque data' of the PING+ACK frame, allowing the
+    user to correlate PINGs and calculate RTT.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1.0
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0.0
+       Removed deprecated but equivalent ``PingAcknowledged``.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The data included on the ping.
+        self.ping_data = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<PingAckReceived ping_data:%s>" % (
+            _bytes_representation(self.ping_data),
+        )
+
+
+class StreamEnded(Event):
+    """
+    The StreamEnded event is fired whenever a stream is ended by a remote
+    party. The stream may not be fully closed if it has not been closed
+    locally, but no further data or headers should be expected on that stream.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The Stream ID of the stream that was closed.
+        self.stream_id = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<StreamEnded stream_id:%s>" % self.stream_id
+
+
+class StreamReset(Event):
+    """
+    The StreamReset event is fired in two situations. The first is when the
+    remote party forcefully resets the stream. The second is when the remote
+    party has made a protocol error which only affects a single stream. In this
+    case, Hyper-h2 will terminate the stream early and return this event.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+       This event is now fired when Hyper-h2 automatically resets a stream.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The Stream ID of the stream that was reset.
+        self.stream_id = None
+
+        #: The error code given. Either one of :class:`ErrorCodes
+        #: <h2.errors.ErrorCodes>` or ``int``
+        self.error_code = None
+
+        #: Whether the remote peer sent a RST_STREAM or we did.
+        self.remote_reset = True
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<StreamReset stream_id:%s, error_code:%s, remote_reset:%s>" % (
+            self.stream_id, self.error_code, self.remote_reset
+        )
+
+
+class PushedStreamReceived(Event):
+    """
+    The PushedStreamReceived event is fired whenever a pushed stream has been
+    received from a remote peer. The event carries on it the new stream ID, the
+    ID of the parent stream, and the request headers pushed by the remote peer.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The Stream ID of the stream created by the push.
+        self.pushed_stream_id = None
+
+        #: The Stream ID of the stream that the push is related to.
+        self.parent_stream_id = None
+
+        #: The request headers, sent by the remote party in the push.
+        self.headers = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "<PushedStreamReceived pushed_stream_id:%s, parent_stream_id:%s, "
+            "headers:%s>" % (
+                self.pushed_stream_id,
+                self.parent_stream_id,
+                self.headers,
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class SettingsAcknowledged(Event):
+    """
+    The SettingsAcknowledged event is fired whenever a settings ACK is received
+    from the remote peer. The event carries on it the settings that were
+    acknowedged, in the same format as
+    :class:`h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: A dictionary of setting byte to
+        #: :class:`ChangedSetting <h2.settings.ChangedSetting>`, representing
+        #: the changed settings.
+        self.changed_settings = {}
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<SettingsAcknowledged changed_settings:{%s}>" % (
+            ", ".join(repr(cs) for cs in self.changed_settings.values()),
+        )
+
+
+class PriorityUpdated(Event):
+    """
+    The PriorityUpdated event is fired whenever a stream sends updated priority
+    information. This can occur when the stream is opened, or at any time
+    during the stream lifetime.
+
+    This event is purely advisory, and does not need to be acted on.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The ID of the stream whose priority information is being updated.
+        self.stream_id = None
+
+        #: The new stream weight. May be the same as the original stream
+        #: weight. An integer between 1 and 256.
+        self.weight = None
+
+        #: The stream ID this stream now depends on. May be ``0``.
+        self.depends_on = None
+
+        #: Whether the stream *exclusively* depends on the parent stream. If it
+        #: does, this stream should inherit the current children of its new
+        #: parent.
+        self.exclusive = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "<PriorityUpdated stream_id:%s, weight:%s, depends_on:%s, "
+            "exclusive:%s>" % (
+                self.stream_id,
+                self.weight,
+                self.depends_on,
+                self.exclusive
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class ConnectionTerminated(Event):
+    """
+    The ConnectionTerminated event is fired when a connection is torn down by
+    the remote peer using a GOAWAY frame. Once received, no further action may
+    be taken on the connection: a new connection must be established.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The error code cited when tearing down the connection. Should be
+        #: one of :class:`ErrorCodes <h2.errors.ErrorCodes>`, but may not be if
+        #: unknown HTTP/2 extensions are being used.
+        self.error_code = None
+
+        #: The stream ID of the last stream the remote peer saw. This can
+        #: provide an indication of what data, if any, never reached the remote
+        #: peer and so can safely be resent.
+        self.last_stream_id = None
+
+        #: Additional debug data that can be appended to GOAWAY frame.
+        self.additional_data = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "<ConnectionTerminated error_code:%s, last_stream_id:%s, "
+            "additional_data:%s>" % (
+                self.error_code,
+                self.last_stream_id,
+                _bytes_representation(
+                    self.additional_data[:20]
+                    if self.additional_data else None)
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class AlternativeServiceAvailable(Event):
+    """
+    The AlternativeServiceAvailable event is fired when the remote peer
+    advertises an `RFC 7838 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7838>`_ Alternative
+    Service using an ALTSVC frame.
+
+    This event always carries the origin to which the ALTSVC information
+    applies. That origin is either supplied by the server directly, or inferred
+    by hyper-h2 from the ``:authority`` pseudo-header field that was sent by
+    the user when initiating a given stream.
+
+    This event also carries what RFC 7838 calls the "Alternative Service Field
+    Value", which is formatted like a HTTP header field and contains the
+    relevant alternative service information. Hyper-h2 does not parse or in any
+    way modify that information: the user is required to do that.
+
+    This event can only be fired on the client end of a connection.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.3.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The origin to which the alternative service field value applies.
+        #: This field is either supplied by the server directly, or inferred by
+        #: hyper-h2 from the ``:authority`` pseudo-header field that was sent
+        #: by the user when initiating the stream on which the frame was
+        #: received.
+        self.origin = None
+
+        #: The ALTSVC field value. This contains information about the HTTP
+        #: alternative service being advertised by the server. Hyper-h2 does
+        #: not parse this field: it is left exactly as sent by the server. The
+        #: structure of the data in this field is given by `RFC 7838 Section 3
+        #: <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7838#section-3>`_.
+        self.field_value = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "<AlternativeServiceAvailable origin:%s, field_value:%s>" % (
+                self.origin.decode('utf-8', 'ignore'),
+                self.field_value.decode('utf-8', 'ignore'),
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class UnknownFrameReceived(Event):
+    """
+    The UnknownFrameReceived event is fired when the remote peer sends a frame
+    that hyper-h2 does not understand. This occurs primarily when the remote
+    peer is employing HTTP/2 extensions that hyper-h2 doesn't know anything
+    about.
+
+    RFC 7540 requires that HTTP/2 implementations ignore these frames. hyper-h2
+    does so. However, this event is fired to allow implementations to perform
+    special processing on those frames if needed (e.g. if the implementation
+    is capable of handling the frame itself).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.7.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: The hyperframe Frame object that encapsulates the received frame.
+        self.frame = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<UnknownFrameReceived>"
+
+
+def _bytes_representation(data):
+    """
+    Converts a bytestring into something that is safe to print on all Python
+    platforms.
+
+    This function is relatively expensive, so it should not be called on the
+    mainline of the code. It's safe to use in things like object repr methods
+    though.
+    """
+    if data is None:
+        return None
+
+    return binascii.hexlify(data).decode('ascii')
diff --git a/packages/h2/exceptions.py b/packages/h2/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e22bebc0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+h2/exceptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Exceptions for the HTTP/2 module.
+"""
+import h2.errors
+
+
+class H2Error(Exception):
+    """
+    The base class for all exceptions for the HTTP/2 module.
+    """
+
+
+class ProtocolError(H2Error):
+    """
+    An action was attempted in violation of the HTTP/2 protocol.
+    """
+    #: The error code corresponds to this kind of Protocol Error.
+    error_code = h2.errors.ErrorCodes.PROTOCOL_ERROR
+
+
+class FrameTooLargeError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    The frame that we tried to send or that we received was too large.
+    """
+    #: The error code corresponds to this kind of Protocol Error.
+    error_code = h2.errors.ErrorCodes.FRAME_SIZE_ERROR
+
+
+class FrameDataMissingError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    The frame that we received is missing some data.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0.0
+    """
+    #: The error code corresponds to this kind of Protocol Error.
+    error_code = h2.errors.ErrorCodes.FRAME_SIZE_ERROR
+
+
+class TooManyStreamsError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    An attempt was made to open a stream that would lead to too many concurrent
+    streams.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class FlowControlError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    An attempted action violates flow control constraints.
+    """
+    #: The error code corresponds to this kind of Protocol Error.
+    error_code = h2.errors.ErrorCodes.FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR
+
+
+class StreamIDTooLowError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    An attempt was made to open a stream that had an ID that is lower than the
+    highest ID we have seen on this connection.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, stream_id, max_stream_id):
+        #: The ID of the stream that we attempted to open.
+        self.stream_id = stream_id
+
+        #: The current highest-seen stream ID.
+        self.max_stream_id = max_stream_id
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "StreamIDTooLowError: %d is lower than %d" % (
+            self.stream_id, self.max_stream_id
+        )
+
+
+class NoAvailableStreamIDError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    There are no available stream IDs left to the connection. All stream IDs
+    have been exhausted.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0.0
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class NoSuchStreamError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    A stream-specific action referenced a stream that does not exist.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
+       Became a subclass of :class:`ProtocolError
+       <h2.exceptions.ProtocolError>`
+    """
+    def __init__(self, stream_id):
+        #: The stream ID corresponds to the non-existent stream.
+        self.stream_id = stream_id
+
+
+class StreamClosedError(NoSuchStreamError):
+    """
+    A more specific form of
+    :class:`NoSuchStreamError <h2.exceptions.NoSuchStreamError>`. Indicates
+    that the stream has since been closed, and that all state relating to that
+    stream has been removed.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, stream_id):
+        #: The stream ID corresponds to the nonexistent stream.
+        self.stream_id = stream_id
+
+        #: The relevant HTTP/2 error code.
+        self.error_code = h2.errors.ErrorCodes.STREAM_CLOSED
+
+        # Any events that internal code may need to fire. Not relevant to
+        # external users that may receive a StreamClosedError.
+        self._events = []
+
+
+class InvalidSettingsValueError(ProtocolError, ValueError):
+    """
+    An attempt was made to set an invalid Settings value.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg, error_code):
+        super(InvalidSettingsValueError, self).__init__(msg)
+        self.error_code = error_code
+
+
+class InvalidBodyLengthError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    The remote peer sent more or less data that the Content-Length header
+    indicated.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self, expected, actual):
+        self.expected_length = expected
+        self.actual_length = actual
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "InvalidBodyLengthError: Expected %d bytes, received %d" % (
+            self.expected_length, self.actual_length
+        )
+
+
+class UnsupportedFrameError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    The remote peer sent a frame that is unsupported in this context.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1.0
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0.0
+       Removed deprecated KeyError parent class.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class RFC1122Error(H2Error):
+    """
+    Emitted when users attempt to do something that is literally allowed by the
+    relevant RFC, but is sufficiently ill-defined that it's unwise to allow
+    users to actually do it.
+
+    While there is some disagreement about whether or not we should be liberal
+    in what accept, it is a truth universally acknowledged that we should be
+    conservative in what emit.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.4.0
+    """
+    # shazow says I'm going to regret naming the exception this way. If that
+    # turns out to be true, TELL HIM NOTHING.
+    pass
+
+
+class DenialOfServiceError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    Emitted when the remote peer exhibits a behaviour that is likely to be an
+    attempt to perform a Denial of Service attack on the implementation. This
+    is a form of ProtocolError that carries a different error code, and allows
+    more easy detection of this kind of behaviour.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.5.0
+    """
+    #: The error code corresponds to this kind of
+    #: :class:`ProtocolError <h2.exceptions.ProtocolError>`
+    error_code = h2.errors.ErrorCodes.ENHANCE_YOUR_CALM
diff --git a/packages/h2/frame_buffer.py b/packages/h2/frame_buffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..785775eb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/frame_buffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+h2/frame_buffer
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A data structure that provides a way to iterate over a byte buffer in terms of
+frames.
+"""
+from hyperframe.exceptions import InvalidFrameError, InvalidDataError
+from hyperframe.frame import (
+    Frame, HeadersFrame, ContinuationFrame, PushPromiseFrame
+)
+
+from .exceptions import (
+    ProtocolError, FrameTooLargeError, FrameDataMissingError
+)
+
+# To avoid a DOS attack based on sending loads of continuation frames, we limit
+# the maximum number we're perpared to receive. In this case, we'll set the
+# limit to 64, which means the largest encoded header block we can receive by
+# default is 262144 bytes long, and the largest possible *at all* is 1073741760
+# bytes long.
+#
+# This value seems reasonable for now, but in future we may want to evaluate
+# making it configurable.
+CONTINUATION_BACKLOG = 64
+
+
+class FrameBuffer:
+    """
+    This is a data structure that expects to act as a buffer for HTTP/2 data
+    that allows iteraton in terms of H2 frames.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, server=False):
+        self.data = b''
+        self.max_frame_size = 0
+        self._preamble = b'PRI * HTTP/2.0\r\n\r\nSM\r\n\r\n' if server else b''
+        self._preamble_len = len(self._preamble)
+        self._headers_buffer = []
+
+    def add_data(self, data):
+        """
+        Add more data to the frame buffer.
+
+        :param data: A bytestring containing the byte buffer.
+        """
+        if self._preamble_len:
+            data_len = len(data)
+            of_which_preamble = min(self._preamble_len, data_len)
+
+            if self._preamble[:of_which_preamble] != data[:of_which_preamble]:
+                raise ProtocolError("Invalid HTTP/2 preamble.")
+
+            data = data[of_which_preamble:]
+            self._preamble_len -= of_which_preamble
+            self._preamble = self._preamble[of_which_preamble:]
+
+        self.data += data
+
+    def _validate_frame_length(self, length):
+        """
+        Confirm that the frame is an appropriate length.
+        """
+        if length > self.max_frame_size:
+            raise FrameTooLargeError(
+                "Received overlong frame: length %d, max %d" %
+                (length, self.max_frame_size)
+            )
+
+    def _update_header_buffer(self, f):
+        """
+        Updates the internal header buffer. Returns a frame that should replace
+        the current one. May throw exceptions if this frame is invalid.
+        """
+        # Check if we're in the middle of a headers block. If we are, this
+        # frame *must* be a CONTINUATION frame with the same stream ID as the
+        # leading HEADERS or PUSH_PROMISE frame. Anything else is a
+        # ProtocolError. If the frame *is* valid, append it to the header
+        # buffer.
+        if self._headers_buffer:
+            stream_id = self._headers_buffer[0].stream_id
+            valid_frame = (
+                f is not None and
+                isinstance(f, ContinuationFrame) and
+                f.stream_id == stream_id
+            )
+            if not valid_frame:
+                raise ProtocolError("Invalid frame during header block.")
+
+            # Append the frame to the buffer.
+            self._headers_buffer.append(f)
+            if len(self._headers_buffer) > CONTINUATION_BACKLOG:
+                raise ProtocolError("Too many continuation frames received.")
+
+            # If this is the end of the header block, then we want to build a
+            # mutant HEADERS frame that's massive. Use the original one we got,
+            # then set END_HEADERS and set its data appopriately. If it's not
+            # the end of the block, lose the current frame: we can't yield it.
+            if 'END_HEADERS' in f.flags:
+                f = self._headers_buffer[0]
+                f.flags.add('END_HEADERS')
+                f.data = b''.join(x.data for x in self._headers_buffer)
+                self._headers_buffer = []
+            else:
+                f = None
+        elif (isinstance(f, (HeadersFrame, PushPromiseFrame)) and
+                'END_HEADERS' not in f.flags):
+            # This is the start of a headers block! Save the frame off and then
+            # act like we didn't receive one.
+            self._headers_buffer.append(f)
+            f = None
+
+        return f
+
+    # The methods below support the iterator protocol.
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        # First, check that we have enough data to successfully parse the
+        # next frame header. If not, bail. Otherwise, parse it.
+        if len(self.data) < 9:
+            raise StopIteration()
+
+        try:
+            f, length = Frame.parse_frame_header(self.data[:9])
+        except (InvalidDataError, InvalidFrameError) as e:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Received frame with invalid header: %s" % str(e)
+            )
+
+        # Next, check that we have enough length to parse the frame body. If
+        # not, bail, leaving the frame header data in the buffer for next time.
+        if len(self.data) < length + 9:
+            raise StopIteration()
+
+        # Confirm the frame has an appropriate length.
+        self._validate_frame_length(length)
+
+        # Try to parse the frame body
+        try:
+            f.parse_body(memoryview(self.data[9:9+length]))
+        except InvalidDataError:
+            raise ProtocolError("Received frame with non-compliant data")
+        except InvalidFrameError:
+            raise FrameDataMissingError("Frame data missing or invalid")
+
+        # At this point, as we know we'll use or discard the entire frame, we
+        # can update the data.
+        self.data = self.data[9+length:]
+
+        # Pass the frame through the header buffer.
+        f = self._update_header_buffer(f)
+
+        # If we got a frame we didn't understand or shouldn't yield, rather
+        # than return None it'd be better if we just tried to get the next
+        # frame in the sequence instead. Recurse back into ourselves to do
+        # that. This is safe because the amount of work we have to do here is
+        # strictly bounded by the length of the buffer.
+        return f if f is not None else self.__next__()
diff --git a/packages/h2/settings.py b/packages/h2/settings.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..969a162eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/settings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+h2/settings
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains a HTTP/2 settings object. This object provides a simple
+API for manipulating HTTP/2 settings, keeping track of both the current active
+state of the settings and the unacknowledged future values of the settings.
+"""
+import collections
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+import enum
+
+from hyperframe.frame import SettingsFrame
+
+from h2.errors import ErrorCodes
+from h2.exceptions import InvalidSettingsValueError
+
+
+class SettingCodes(enum.IntEnum):
+    """
+    All known HTTP/2 setting codes.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.6.0
+    """
+
+    #: Allows the sender to inform the remote endpoint of the maximum size of
+    #: the header compression table used to decode header blocks, in octets.
+    HEADER_TABLE_SIZE = SettingsFrame.HEADER_TABLE_SIZE
+
+    #: This setting can be used to disable server push. To disable server push
+    #: on a client, set this to 0.
+    ENABLE_PUSH = SettingsFrame.ENABLE_PUSH
+
+    #: Indicates the maximum number of concurrent streams that the sender will
+    #: allow.
+    MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS = SettingsFrame.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
+
+    #: Indicates the sender's initial window size (in octets) for stream-level
+    #: flow control.
+    INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE = SettingsFrame.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE
+
+    #: Indicates the size of the largest frame payload that the sender is
+    #: willing to receive, in octets.
+    MAX_FRAME_SIZE = SettingsFrame.MAX_FRAME_SIZE
+
+    #: This advisory setting informs a peer of the maximum size of header list
+    #: that the sender is prepared to accept, in octets.  The value is based on
+    #: the uncompressed size of header fields, including the length of the name
+    #: and value in octets plus an overhead of 32 octets for each header field.
+    MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE = SettingsFrame.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE
+
+    #: This setting can be used to enable the connect protocol. To enable on a
+    #: client set this to 1.
+    ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL = SettingsFrame.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL
+
+
+def _setting_code_from_int(code):
+    """
+    Given an integer setting code, returns either one of :class:`SettingCodes
+    <h2.settings.SettingCodes>` or, if not present in the known set of codes,
+    returns the integer directly.
+    """
+    try:
+        return SettingCodes(code)
+    except ValueError:
+        return code
+
+
+class ChangedSetting:
+
+    def __init__(self, setting, original_value, new_value):
+        #: The setting code given. Either one of :class:`SettingCodes
+        #: <h2.settings.SettingCodes>` or ``int``
+        #:
+        #: .. versionchanged:: 2.6.0
+        self.setting = setting
+
+        #: The original value before being changed.
+        self.original_value = original_value
+
+        #: The new value after being changed.
+        self.new_value = new_value
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "ChangedSetting(setting=%s, original_value=%s, "
+            "new_value=%s)"
+        ) % (
+            self.setting,
+            self.original_value,
+            self.new_value
+        )
+
+
+class Settings(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    An object that encapsulates HTTP/2 settings state.
+
+    HTTP/2 Settings are a complex beast. Each party, remote and local, has its
+    own settings and a view of the other party's settings. When a settings
+    frame is emitted by a peer it cannot assume that the new settings values
+    are in place until the remote peer acknowledges the setting. In principle,
+    multiple settings changes can be "in flight" at the same time, all with
+    different values.
+
+    This object encapsulates this mess. It provides a dict-like interface to
+    settings, which return the *current* values of the settings in question.
+    Additionally, it keeps track of the stack of proposed values: each time an
+    acknowledgement is sent/received, it updates the current values with the
+    stack of proposed values. On top of all that, it validates the values to
+    make sure they're allowed, and raises :class:`InvalidSettingsValueError
+    <h2.exceptions.InvalidSettingsValueError>` if they are not.
+
+    Finally, this object understands what the default values of the HTTP/2
+    settings are, and sets those defaults appropriately.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2.0
+       Added the ``initial_values`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5.0
+       Added the ``max_header_list_size`` property.
+
+    :param client: (optional) Whether these settings should be defaulted for a
+        client implementation or a server implementation. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :type client: ``bool``
+    :param initial_values: (optional) Any initial values the user would like
+        set, rather than RFC 7540's defaults.
+    :type initial_vales: ``MutableMapping``
+    """
+    def __init__(self, client=True, initial_values=None):
+        # Backing object for the settings. This is a dictionary of
+        # (setting: [list of values]), where the first value in the list is the
+        # current value of the setting. Strictly this doesn't use lists but
+        # instead uses collections.deque to avoid repeated memory allocations.
+        #
+        # This contains the default values for HTTP/2.
+        self._settings = {
+            SettingCodes.HEADER_TABLE_SIZE: collections.deque([4096]),
+            SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH: collections.deque([int(client)]),
+            SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE: collections.deque([65535]),
+            SettingCodes.MAX_FRAME_SIZE: collections.deque([16384]),
+            SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL: collections.deque([0]),
+        }
+        if initial_values is not None:
+            for key, value in initial_values.items():
+                invalid = _validate_setting(key, value)
+                if invalid:
+                    raise InvalidSettingsValueError(
+                        "Setting %d has invalid value %d" % (key, value),
+                        error_code=invalid
+                    )
+                self._settings[key] = collections.deque([value])
+
+    def acknowledge(self):
+        """
+        The settings have been acknowledged, either by the user (remote
+        settings) or by the remote peer (local settings).
+
+        :returns: A dict of {setting: ChangedSetting} that were applied.
+        """
+        changed_settings = {}
+
+        # If there is more than one setting in the list, we have a setting
+        # value outstanding. Update them.
+        for k, v in self._settings.items():
+            if len(v) > 1:
+                old_setting = v.popleft()
+                new_setting = v[0]
+                changed_settings[k] = ChangedSetting(
+                    k, old_setting, new_setting
+                )
+
+        return changed_settings
+
+    # Provide easy-access to well known settings.
+    @property
+    def header_table_size(self):
+        """
+        The current value of the :data:`HEADER_TABLE_SIZE
+        <h2.settings.SettingCodes.HEADER_TABLE_SIZE>` setting.
+        """
+        return self[SettingCodes.HEADER_TABLE_SIZE]
+
+    @header_table_size.setter
+    def header_table_size(self, value):
+        self[SettingCodes.HEADER_TABLE_SIZE] = value
+
+    @property
+    def enable_push(self):
+        """
+        The current value of the :data:`ENABLE_PUSH
+        <h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH>` setting.
+        """
+        return self[SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH]
+
+    @enable_push.setter
+    def enable_push(self, value):
+        self[SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH] = value
+
+    @property
+    def initial_window_size(self):
+        """
+        The current value of the :data:`INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE
+        <h2.settings.SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE>` setting.
+        """
+        return self[SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE]
+
+    @initial_window_size.setter
+    def initial_window_size(self, value):
+        self[SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE] = value
+
+    @property
+    def max_frame_size(self):
+        """
+        The current value of the :data:`MAX_FRAME_SIZE
+        <h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_FRAME_SIZE>` setting.
+        """
+        return self[SettingCodes.MAX_FRAME_SIZE]
+
+    @max_frame_size.setter
+    def max_frame_size(self, value):
+        self[SettingCodes.MAX_FRAME_SIZE] = value
+
+    @property
+    def max_concurrent_streams(self):
+        """
+        The current value of the :data:`MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
+        <h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS>` setting.
+        """
+        return self.get(SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS, 2**32+1)
+
+    @max_concurrent_streams.setter
+    def max_concurrent_streams(self, value):
+        self[SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS] = value
+
+    @property
+    def max_header_list_size(self):
+        """
+        The current value of the :data:`MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE
+        <h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE>` setting. If not set,
+        returns ``None``, which means unlimited.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.5.0
+        """
+        return self.get(SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE, None)
+
+    @max_header_list_size.setter
+    def max_header_list_size(self, value):
+        self[SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE] = value
+
+    @property
+    def enable_connect_protocol(self):
+        """
+        The current value of the :data:`ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL
+        <h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL>` setting.
+        """
+        return self[SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL]
+
+    @enable_connect_protocol.setter
+    def enable_connect_protocol(self, value):
+        self[SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL] = value
+
+    # Implement the MutableMapping API.
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        val = self._settings[key][0]
+
+        # Things that were created when a setting was received should stay
+        # KeyError'd.
+        if val is None:
+            raise KeyError
+
+        return val
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        invalid = _validate_setting(key, value)
+        if invalid:
+            raise InvalidSettingsValueError(
+                "Setting %d has invalid value %d" % (key, value),
+                error_code=invalid
+            )
+
+        try:
+            items = self._settings[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            items = collections.deque([None])
+            self._settings[key] = items
+
+        items.append(value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._settings[key]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self._settings.__iter__()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._settings)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Settings):
+            return self._settings == other._settings
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Settings):
+            return not self == other
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+
+def _validate_setting(setting, value):  # noqa: C901
+    """
+    Confirms that a specific setting has a well-formed value. If the setting is
+    invalid, returns an error code. Otherwise, returns 0 (NO_ERROR).
+    """
+    if setting == SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH:
+        if value not in (0, 1):
+            return ErrorCodes.PROTOCOL_ERROR
+    elif setting == SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE:
+        if not 0 <= value <= 2147483647:  # 2^31 - 1
+            return ErrorCodes.FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR
+    elif setting == SettingCodes.MAX_FRAME_SIZE:
+        if not 16384 <= value <= 16777215:  # 2^14 and 2^24 - 1
+            return ErrorCodes.PROTOCOL_ERROR
+    elif setting == SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE:
+        if value < 0:
+            return ErrorCodes.PROTOCOL_ERROR
+    elif setting == SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL:
+        if value not in (0, 1):
+            return ErrorCodes.PROTOCOL_ERROR
+
+    return 0
diff --git a/packages/h2/stream.py b/packages/h2/stream.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c29b2431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/stream.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1371 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+h2/stream
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+An implementation of a HTTP/2 stream.
+"""
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum
+from hpack import HeaderTuple
+from hyperframe.frame import (
+    HeadersFrame, ContinuationFrame, DataFrame, WindowUpdateFrame,
+    RstStreamFrame, PushPromiseFrame, AltSvcFrame
+)
+
+from .errors import ErrorCodes, _error_code_from_int
+from .events import (
+    RequestReceived, ResponseReceived, DataReceived, WindowUpdated,
+    StreamEnded, PushedStreamReceived, StreamReset, TrailersReceived,
+    InformationalResponseReceived, AlternativeServiceAvailable,
+    _ResponseSent, _RequestSent, _TrailersSent, _PushedRequestSent
+)
+from .exceptions import (
+    ProtocolError, StreamClosedError, InvalidBodyLengthError, FlowControlError
+)
+from .utilities import (
+    guard_increment_window, is_informational_response, authority_from_headers,
+    validate_headers, validate_outbound_headers, normalize_outbound_headers,
+    HeaderValidationFlags, extract_method_header, normalize_inbound_headers
+)
+from .windows import WindowManager
+
+
+class StreamState(IntEnum):
+    IDLE = 0
+    RESERVED_REMOTE = 1
+    RESERVED_LOCAL = 2
+    OPEN = 3
+    HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE = 4
+    HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL = 5
+    CLOSED = 6
+
+
+class StreamInputs(Enum):
+    SEND_HEADERS = 0
+    SEND_PUSH_PROMISE = 1
+    SEND_RST_STREAM = 2
+    SEND_DATA = 3
+    SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE = 4
+    SEND_END_STREAM = 5
+    RECV_HEADERS = 6
+    RECV_PUSH_PROMISE = 7
+    RECV_RST_STREAM = 8
+    RECV_DATA = 9
+    RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE = 10
+    RECV_END_STREAM = 11
+    RECV_CONTINUATION = 12  # Added in 2.0.0
+    SEND_INFORMATIONAL_HEADERS = 13  # Added in 2.2.0
+    RECV_INFORMATIONAL_HEADERS = 14  # Added in 2.2.0
+    SEND_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE = 15  # Added in 2.3.0
+    RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE = 16  # Added in 2.3.0
+    UPGRADE_CLIENT = 17  # Added 2.3.0
+    UPGRADE_SERVER = 18  # Added 2.3.0
+
+
+class StreamClosedBy(Enum):
+    SEND_END_STREAM = 0
+    RECV_END_STREAM = 1
+    SEND_RST_STREAM = 2
+    RECV_RST_STREAM = 3
+
+
+# This array is initialized once, and is indexed by the stream states above.
+# It indicates whether a stream in the given state is open. The reason we do
+# this is that we potentially check whether a stream in a given state is open
+# quite frequently: given that we check so often, we should do so in the
+# fastest and most performant way possible.
+STREAM_OPEN = [False for _ in range(0, len(StreamState))]
+STREAM_OPEN[StreamState.OPEN] = True
+STREAM_OPEN[StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL] = True
+STREAM_OPEN[StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE] = True
+
+
+class H2StreamStateMachine:
+    """
+    A single HTTP/2 stream state machine.
+
+    This stream object implements basically the state machine described in
+    RFC 7540 section 5.1.
+
+    :param stream_id: The stream ID of this stream. This is stored primarily
+        for logging purposes.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, stream_id):
+        self.state = StreamState.IDLE
+        self.stream_id = stream_id
+
+        #: Whether this peer is the client side of this stream.
+        self.client = None
+
+        # Whether trailers have been sent/received on this stream or not.
+        self.headers_sent = None
+        self.trailers_sent = None
+        self.headers_received = None
+        self.trailers_received = None
+
+        # How the stream was closed. One of StreamClosedBy.
+        self.stream_closed_by = None
+
+    def process_input(self, input_):
+        """
+        Process a specific input in the state machine.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(input_, StreamInputs):
+            raise ValueError("Input must be an instance of StreamInputs")
+
+        try:
+            func, target_state = _transitions[(self.state, input_)]
+        except KeyError:
+            old_state = self.state
+            self.state = StreamState.CLOSED
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Invalid input %s in state %s" % (input_, old_state)
+            )
+        else:
+            previous_state = self.state
+            self.state = target_state
+            if func is not None:
+                try:
+                    return func(self, previous_state)
+                except ProtocolError:
+                    self.state = StreamState.CLOSED
+                    raise
+                except AssertionError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                    self.state = StreamState.CLOSED
+                    raise ProtocolError(e)
+
+            return []
+
+    def request_sent(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires when a request is sent.
+        """
+        self.client = True
+        self.headers_sent = True
+        event = _RequestSent()
+
+        return [event]
+
+    def response_sent(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires when something that should be a response is sent. This 'response'
+        may actually be trailers.
+        """
+        if not self.headers_sent:
+            if self.client is True or self.client is None:
+                raise ProtocolError("Client cannot send responses.")
+            self.headers_sent = True
+            event = _ResponseSent()
+        else:
+            assert not self.trailers_sent
+            self.trailers_sent = True
+            event = _TrailersSent()
+
+        return [event]
+
+    def request_received(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires when a request is received.
+        """
+        assert not self.headers_received
+        assert not self.trailers_received
+
+        self.client = False
+        self.headers_received = True
+        event = RequestReceived()
+
+        event.stream_id = self.stream_id
+        return [event]
+
+    def response_received(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires when a response is received. Also disambiguates between responses
+        and trailers.
+        """
+        if not self.headers_received:
+            assert self.client is True
+            self.headers_received = True
+            event = ResponseReceived()
+        else:
+            assert not self.trailers_received
+            self.trailers_received = True
+            event = TrailersReceived()
+
+        event.stream_id = self.stream_id
+        return [event]
+
+    def data_received(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires when data is received.
+        """
+        if not self.headers_received:
+            raise ProtocolError("cannot receive data before headers")
+        event = DataReceived()
+        event.stream_id = self.stream_id
+        return [event]
+
+    def window_updated(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires when a window update frame is received.
+        """
+        event = WindowUpdated()
+        event.stream_id = self.stream_id
+        return [event]
+
+    def stream_half_closed(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires when an END_STREAM flag is received in the OPEN state,
+        transitioning this stream to a HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE state.
+        """
+        event = StreamEnded()
+        event.stream_id = self.stream_id
+        return [event]
+
+    def stream_ended(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires when a stream is cleanly ended.
+        """
+        self.stream_closed_by = StreamClosedBy.RECV_END_STREAM
+        event = StreamEnded()
+        event.stream_id = self.stream_id
+        return [event]
+
+    def stream_reset(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fired when a stream is forcefully reset.
+        """
+        self.stream_closed_by = StreamClosedBy.RECV_RST_STREAM
+        event = StreamReset()
+        event.stream_id = self.stream_id
+        return [event]
+
+    def send_new_pushed_stream(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires on the newly pushed stream, when pushed by the local peer.
+
+        No event here, but definitionally this peer must be a server.
+        """
+        assert self.client is None
+        self.client = False
+        self.headers_received = True
+        return []
+
+    def recv_new_pushed_stream(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires on the newly pushed stream, when pushed by the remote peer.
+
+        No event here, but definitionally this peer must be a client.
+        """
+        assert self.client is None
+        self.client = True
+        self.headers_sent = True
+        return []
+
+    def send_push_promise(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires on the already-existing stream when a PUSH_PROMISE frame is sent.
+        We may only send PUSH_PROMISE frames if we're a server.
+        """
+        if self.client is True:
+            raise ProtocolError("Cannot push streams from client peers.")
+
+        event = _PushedRequestSent()
+        return [event]
+
+    def recv_push_promise(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Fires on the already-existing stream when a PUSH_PROMISE frame is
+        received. We may only receive PUSH_PROMISE frames if we're a client.
+
+        Fires a PushedStreamReceived event.
+        """
+        if not self.client:
+            if self.client is None:  # pragma: no cover
+                msg = "Idle streams cannot receive pushes"
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                msg = "Cannot receive pushed streams as a server"
+            raise ProtocolError(msg)
+
+        event = PushedStreamReceived()
+        event.parent_stream_id = self.stream_id
+        return [event]
+
+    def send_end_stream(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when an attempt is made to send END_STREAM in the
+        HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE state.
+        """
+        self.stream_closed_by = StreamClosedBy.SEND_END_STREAM
+
+    def send_reset_stream(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when an attempt is made to send RST_STREAM in a non-closed
+        stream state.
+        """
+        self.stream_closed_by = StreamClosedBy.SEND_RST_STREAM
+
+    def reset_stream_on_error(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when we need to forcefully emit another RST_STREAM frame on
+        behalf of the state machine.
+
+        If this is the first time we've done this, we should also hang an event
+        off the StreamClosedError so that the user can be informed. We know
+        it's the first time we've done this if the stream is currently in a
+        state other than CLOSED.
+        """
+        self.stream_closed_by = StreamClosedBy.SEND_RST_STREAM
+
+        error = StreamClosedError(self.stream_id)
+
+        event = StreamReset()
+        event.stream_id = self.stream_id
+        event.error_code = ErrorCodes.STREAM_CLOSED
+        event.remote_reset = False
+        error._events = [event]
+        raise error
+
+    def recv_on_closed_stream(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when an unexpected frame is received on an already-closed
+        stream.
+
+        An endpoint that receives an unexpected frame should treat it as
+        a stream error or connection error with type STREAM_CLOSED, depending
+        on the specific frame. The error handling is done at a higher level:
+        this just raises the appropriate error.
+        """
+        raise StreamClosedError(self.stream_id)
+
+    def send_on_closed_stream(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when an attempt is made to send data on an already-closed
+        stream.
+
+        This essentially overrides the standard logic by throwing a
+        more-specific error: StreamClosedError. This is a ProtocolError, so it
+        matches the standard API of the state machine, but provides more detail
+        to the user.
+        """
+        raise StreamClosedError(self.stream_id)
+
+    def recv_push_on_closed_stream(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when a PUSH_PROMISE frame is received on a full stop
+        stream.
+
+        If the stream was closed by us sending a RST_STREAM frame, then we
+        presume that the PUSH_PROMISE was in flight when we reset the parent
+        stream. Rathen than accept the new stream, we just reset it.
+        Otherwise, we should call this a PROTOCOL_ERROR: pushing a stream on a
+        naturally closed stream is a real problem because it creates a brand
+        new stream that the remote peer now believes exists.
+        """
+        assert self.stream_closed_by is not None
+
+        if self.stream_closed_by == StreamClosedBy.SEND_RST_STREAM:
+            raise StreamClosedError(self.stream_id)
+        else:
+            raise ProtocolError("Attempted to push on closed stream.")
+
+    def send_push_on_closed_stream(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when an attempt is made to push on an already-closed stream.
+
+        This essentially overrides the standard logic by providing a more
+        useful error message. It's necessary because simply indicating that the
+        stream is closed is not enough: there is now a new stream that is not
+        allowed to be there. The only recourse is to tear the whole connection
+        down.
+        """
+        raise ProtocolError("Attempted to push on closed stream.")
+
+    def send_informational_response(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when an informational header block is sent (that is, a block
+        where the :status header has a 1XX value).
+
+        Only enforces that these are sent *before* final headers are sent.
+        """
+        if self.headers_sent:
+            raise ProtocolError("Information response after final response")
+
+        event = _ResponseSent()
+        return [event]
+
+    def recv_informational_response(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when an informational header block is received (that is, a block
+        where the :status header has a 1XX value).
+        """
+        if self.headers_received:
+            raise ProtocolError("Informational response after final response")
+
+        event = InformationalResponseReceived()
+        event.stream_id = self.stream_id
+        return [event]
+
+    def recv_alt_svc(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when receiving an ALTSVC frame.
+
+        RFC 7838 allows us to receive ALTSVC frames at any stream state, which
+        is really absurdly overzealous. For that reason, we want to limit the
+        states in which we can actually receive it. It's really only sensible
+        to receive it after we've sent our own headers and before the server
+        has sent its header block: the server can't guarantee that we have any
+        state around after it completes its header block, and the server
+        doesn't know what origin we're talking about before we've sent ours.
+
+        For that reason, this function applies a few extra checks on both state
+        and some of the little state variables we keep around. If those suggest
+        an unreasonable situation for the ALTSVC frame to have been sent in,
+        we quietly ignore it (as RFC 7838 suggests).
+
+        This function is also *not* always called by the state machine. In some
+        states (IDLE, RESERVED_LOCAL, CLOSED) we don't bother to call it,
+        because we know the frame cannot be valid in that state (IDLE because
+        the server cannot know what origin the stream applies to, CLOSED
+        because the server cannot assume we still have state around,
+        RESERVED_LOCAL because by definition if we're in the RESERVED_LOCAL
+        state then *we* are the server).
+        """
+        # Servers can't receive ALTSVC frames, but RFC 7838 tells us to ignore
+        # them.
+        if self.client is False:
+            return []
+
+        # If we've received the response headers from the server they can't
+        # guarantee we still have any state around. Other implementations
+        # (like nghttp2) ignore ALTSVC in this state, so we will too.
+        if self.headers_received:
+            return []
+
+        # Otherwise, this is a sensible enough frame to have received. Return
+        # the event and let it get populated.
+        return [AlternativeServiceAvailable()]
+
+    def send_alt_svc(self, previous_state):
+        """
+        Called when sending an ALTSVC frame on this stream.
+
+        For consistency with the restrictions we apply on receiving ALTSVC
+        frames in ``recv_alt_svc``, we want to restrict when users can send
+        ALTSVC frames to the situations when we ourselves would accept them.
+
+        That means: when we are a server, when we have received the request
+        headers, and when we have not yet sent our own response headers.
+        """
+        # We should not send ALTSVC after we've sent response headers, as the
+        # client may have disposed of its state.
+        if self.headers_sent:
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Cannot send ALTSVC after sending response headers."
+            )
+
+        return
+
+
+# STATE MACHINE
+#
+# The stream state machine is defined here to avoid the need to allocate it
+# repeatedly for each stream. It cannot be defined in the stream class because
+# it needs to be able to reference the callbacks defined on the class, but
+# because Python's scoping rules are weird the class object is not actually in
+# scope during the body of the class object.
+#
+# For the sake of clarity, we reproduce the RFC 7540 state machine here:
+#
+#                          +--------+
+#                  send PP |        | recv PP
+#                 ,--------|  idle  |--------.
+#                /         |        |         \
+#               v          +--------+          v
+#        +----------+          |           +----------+
+#        |          |          | send H /  |          |
+# ,------| reserved |          | recv H    | reserved |------.
+# |      | (local)  |          |           | (remote) |      |
+# |      +----------+          v           +----------+      |
+# |          |             +--------+             |          |
+# |          |     recv ES |        | send ES     |          |
+# |   send H |     ,-------|  open  |-------.     | recv H   |
+# |          |    /        |        |        \    |          |
+# |          v   v         +--------+         v   v          |
+# |      +----------+          |           +----------+      |
+# |      |   half   |          |           |   half   |      |
+# |      |  closed  |          | send R /  |  closed  |      |
+# |      | (remote) |          | recv R    | (local)  |      |
+# |      +----------+          |           +----------+      |
+# |           |                |                 |           |
+# |           | send ES /      |       recv ES / |           |
+# |           | send R /       v        send R / |           |
+# |           | recv R     +--------+   recv R   |           |
+# | send R /  `----------->|        |<-----------'  send R / |
+# | recv R                 | closed |               recv R   |
+# `----------------------->|        |<----------------------'
+#                          +--------+
+#
+#    send:   endpoint sends this frame
+#    recv:   endpoint receives this frame
+#
+#    H:  HEADERS frame (with implied CONTINUATIONs)
+#    PP: PUSH_PROMISE frame (with implied CONTINUATIONs)
+#    ES: END_STREAM flag
+#    R:  RST_STREAM frame
+#
+# For the purposes of this state machine we treat HEADERS and their
+# associated CONTINUATION frames as a single jumbo frame. The protocol
+# allows/requires this by preventing other frames from being interleved in
+# between HEADERS/CONTINUATION frames. However, if a CONTINUATION frame is
+# received without a prior HEADERS frame, it *will* be passed to this state
+# machine. The state machine should always reject that frame, either as an
+# invalid transition or because the stream is closed.
+#
+# There is a confusing relationship around PUSH_PROMISE frames. The state
+# machine above considers them to be frames belonging to the new stream,
+# which is *somewhat* true. However, they are sent with the stream ID of
+# their related stream, and are only sendable in some cases.
+# For this reason, our state machine implementation below allows for
+# PUSH_PROMISE frames both in the IDLE state (as in the diagram), but also
+# in the OPEN, HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, and HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE states.
+# Essentially, for hyper-h2, PUSH_PROMISE frames are effectively sent on
+# two streams.
+#
+# The _transitions dictionary contains a mapping of tuples of
+# (state, input) to tuples of (side_effect_function, end_state). This
+# map contains all allowed transitions: anything not in this map is
+# invalid and immediately causes a transition to ``closed``.
+_transitions = {
+    # State: idle
+    (StreamState.IDLE, StreamInputs.SEND_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.request_sent, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.IDLE, StreamInputs.RECV_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.request_received, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.IDLE, StreamInputs.RECV_DATA):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.reset_stream_on_error, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.IDLE, StreamInputs.SEND_PUSH_PROMISE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_new_pushed_stream,
+            StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.IDLE, StreamInputs.RECV_PUSH_PROMISE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_new_pushed_stream,
+            StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.IDLE, StreamInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (None, StreamState.IDLE),
+    (StreamState.IDLE, StreamInputs.UPGRADE_CLIENT):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.request_sent, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.IDLE, StreamInputs.UPGRADE_SERVER):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.request_received,
+            StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+
+    # State: reserved local
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.SEND_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.response_sent, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_DATA):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.reset_stream_on_error, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (None, StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.window_updated, StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.SEND_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_reset_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.stream_reset, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.SEND_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_alt_svc, StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (None, StreamState.RESERVED_LOCAL),
+
+    # State: reserved remote
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.response_received,
+            StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_DATA):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.reset_stream_on_error, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (None, StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.window_updated, StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.SEND_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_reset_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.stream_reset, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_alt_svc, StreamState.RESERVED_REMOTE),
+
+    # State: open
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.SEND_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.response_sent, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.RECV_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.response_received, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.SEND_DATA):
+        (None, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.RECV_DATA):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.data_received, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.SEND_END_STREAM):
+        (None, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.RECV_END_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.stream_half_closed,
+         StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (None, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.window_updated, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.SEND_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_reset_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.RECV_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.stream_reset, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.SEND_PUSH_PROMISE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_push_promise, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.RECV_PUSH_PROMISE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_push_promise, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.SEND_INFORMATIONAL_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_informational_response, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.RECV_INFORMATIONAL_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_informational_response, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.SEND_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_alt_svc, StreamState.OPEN),
+    (StreamState.OPEN, StreamInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_alt_svc, StreamState.OPEN),
+
+    # State: half-closed remote
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.SEND_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.response_sent, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.reset_stream_on_error, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.SEND_DATA):
+        (None, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_DATA):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.reset_stream_on_error, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.SEND_END_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_end_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (None, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.window_updated, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.SEND_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_reset_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.stream_reset, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.SEND_PUSH_PROMISE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_push_promise,
+            StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_PUSH_PROMISE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.reset_stream_on_error, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.SEND_INFORMATIONAL_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_informational_response,
+            StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.SEND_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_alt_svc, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE, StreamInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_alt_svc, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_REMOTE),
+
+    # State: half-closed local
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.response_received,
+            StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_DATA):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.data_received, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_END_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.stream_ended, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (None, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.window_updated, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.SEND_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_reset_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.stream_reset, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_PUSH_PROMISE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_push_promise,
+            StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_INFORMATIONAL_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_informational_response,
+            StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.SEND_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_alt_svc, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+    (StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL, StreamInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_alt_svc, StreamState.HALF_CLOSED_LOCAL),
+
+    # State: closed
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.RECV_END_STREAM):
+        (None, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE):
+        (None, StreamState.CLOSED),
+
+    # RFC 7540 Section 5.1 defines how the end point should react when
+    # receiving a frame on a closed stream with the following statements:
+    #
+    # > An endpoint that receives any frame other than PRIORITY after receiving
+    # > a RST_STREAM MUST treat that as a stream error of type STREAM_CLOSED.
+    # > An endpoint that receives any frames after receiving a frame with the
+    # > END_STREAM flag set MUST treat that as a connection error of type
+    # > STREAM_CLOSED.
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.RECV_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_on_closed_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.RECV_DATA):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_on_closed_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+
+    # > WINDOW_UPDATE or RST_STREAM frames can be received in this state
+    # > for a short period after a DATA or HEADERS frame containing a
+    # > END_STREAM flag is sent, as instructed in RFC 7540 Section 5.1. But we
+    # > don't have access to a clock so we just always allow it.
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (None, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.RECV_RST_STREAM):
+        (None, StreamState.CLOSED),
+
+    # > A receiver MUST treat the receipt of a PUSH_PROMISE on a stream that is
+    # > neither "open" nor "half-closed (local)" as a connection error of type
+    # > PROTOCOL_ERROR.
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.RECV_PUSH_PROMISE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.recv_push_on_closed_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+
+    # Also, users should be forbidden from sending on closed streams.
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.SEND_HEADERS):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_on_closed_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.SEND_PUSH_PROMISE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_push_on_closed_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.SEND_RST_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_on_closed_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.SEND_DATA):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_on_closed_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_on_closed_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+    (StreamState.CLOSED, StreamInputs.SEND_END_STREAM):
+        (H2StreamStateMachine.send_on_closed_stream, StreamState.CLOSED),
+}
+
+
+class H2Stream:
+    """
+    A low-level HTTP/2 stream object. This handles building and receiving
+    frames and maintains per-stream state.
+
+    This wraps a HTTP/2 Stream state machine implementation, ensuring that
+    frames can only be sent/received when the stream is in a valid state.
+    Attempts to create frames that cannot be sent will raise a
+    ``ProtocolError``.
+    """
+    def __init__(self,
+                 stream_id,
+                 config,
+                 inbound_window_size,
+                 outbound_window_size):
+        self.state_machine = H2StreamStateMachine(stream_id)
+        self.stream_id = stream_id
+        self.max_outbound_frame_size = None
+        self.request_method = None
+
+        # The current value of the outbound stream flow control window
+        self.outbound_flow_control_window = outbound_window_size
+
+        # The flow control manager.
+        self._inbound_window_manager = WindowManager(inbound_window_size)
+
+        # The expected content length, if any.
+        self._expected_content_length = None
+
+        # The actual received content length. Always tracked.
+        self._actual_content_length = 0
+
+        # The authority we believe this stream belongs to.
+        self._authority = None
+
+        # The configuration for this stream.
+        self.config = config
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<%s id:%d state:%r>" % (
+            type(self).__name__,
+            self.stream_id,
+            self.state_machine.state
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def inbound_flow_control_window(self):
+        """
+        The size of the inbound flow control window for the stream. This is
+        rarely publicly useful: instead, use :meth:`remote_flow_control_window
+        <h2.stream.H2Stream.remote_flow_control_window>`. This shortcut is
+        largely present to provide a shortcut to this data.
+        """
+        return self._inbound_window_manager.current_window_size
+
+    @property
+    def open(self):
+        """
+        Whether the stream is 'open' in any sense: that is, whether it counts
+        against the number of concurrent streams.
+        """
+        # RFC 7540 Section 5.1.2 defines 'open' for this purpose to mean either
+        # the OPEN state or either of the HALF_CLOSED states. Perplexingly,
+        # this excludes the reserved states.
+        # For more detail on why we're doing this in this slightly weird way,
+        # see the comment on ``STREAM_OPEN`` at the top of the file.
+        return STREAM_OPEN[self.state_machine.state]
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        """
+        Whether the stream is closed.
+        """
+        return self.state_machine.state == StreamState.CLOSED
+
+    @property
+    def closed_by(self):
+        """
+        Returns how the stream was closed, as one of StreamClosedBy.
+        """
+        return self.state_machine.stream_closed_by
+
+    def upgrade(self, client_side):
+        """
+        Called by the connection to indicate that this stream is the initial
+        request/response of an upgraded connection. Places the stream into an
+        appropriate state.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("Upgrading %r", self)
+
+        assert self.stream_id == 1
+        input_ = (
+            StreamInputs.UPGRADE_CLIENT if client_side
+            else StreamInputs.UPGRADE_SERVER
+        )
+
+        # This may return events, we deliberately don't want them.
+        self.state_machine.process_input(input_)
+        return
+
+    def send_headers(self, headers, encoder, end_stream=False):
+        """
+        Returns a list of HEADERS/CONTINUATION frames to emit as either headers
+        or trailers.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("Send headers %s on %r", headers, self)
+
+        # Because encoding headers makes an irreversible change to the header
+        # compression context, we make the state transition before we encode
+        # them.
+
+        # First, check if we're a client. If we are, no problem: if we aren't,
+        # we need to scan the header block to see if this is an informational
+        # response.
+        input_ = StreamInputs.SEND_HEADERS
+        if ((not self.state_machine.client) and
+                is_informational_response(headers)):
+            if end_stream:
+                raise ProtocolError(
+                    "Cannot set END_STREAM on informational responses."
+                )
+
+            input_ = StreamInputs.SEND_INFORMATIONAL_HEADERS
+
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(input_)
+
+        hf = HeadersFrame(self.stream_id)
+        hdr_validation_flags = self._build_hdr_validation_flags(events)
+        frames = self._build_headers_frames(
+            headers, encoder, hf, hdr_validation_flags
+        )
+
+        if end_stream:
+            # Not a bug: the END_STREAM flag is valid on the initial HEADERS
+            # frame, not the CONTINUATION frames that follow.
+            self.state_machine.process_input(StreamInputs.SEND_END_STREAM)
+            frames[0].flags.add('END_STREAM')
+
+        if self.state_machine.trailers_sent and not end_stream:
+            raise ProtocolError("Trailers must have END_STREAM set.")
+
+        if self.state_machine.client and self._authority is None:
+            self._authority = authority_from_headers(headers)
+
+        # store request method for _initialize_content_length
+        self.request_method = extract_method_header(headers)
+
+        return frames
+
+    def push_stream_in_band(self, related_stream_id, headers, encoder):
+        """
+        Returns a list of PUSH_PROMISE/CONTINUATION frames to emit as a pushed
+        stream header. Called on the stream that has the PUSH_PROMISE frame
+        sent on it.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("Push stream %r", self)
+
+        # Because encoding headers makes an irreversible change to the header
+        # compression context, we make the state transition *first*.
+
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            StreamInputs.SEND_PUSH_PROMISE
+        )
+
+        ppf = PushPromiseFrame(self.stream_id)
+        ppf.promised_stream_id = related_stream_id
+        hdr_validation_flags = self._build_hdr_validation_flags(events)
+        frames = self._build_headers_frames(
+            headers, encoder, ppf, hdr_validation_flags
+        )
+
+        return frames
+
+    def locally_pushed(self):
+        """
+        Mark this stream as one that was pushed by this peer. Must be called
+        immediately after initialization. Sends no frames, simply updates the
+        state machine.
+        """
+        # This does not trigger any events.
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            StreamInputs.SEND_PUSH_PROMISE
+        )
+        assert not events
+        return []
+
+    def send_data(self, data, end_stream=False, pad_length=None):
+        """
+        Prepare some data frames. Optionally end the stream.
+
+        .. warning:: Does not perform flow control checks.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Send data on %r with end stream set to %s", self, end_stream
+        )
+
+        self.state_machine.process_input(StreamInputs.SEND_DATA)
+
+        df = DataFrame(self.stream_id)
+        df.data = data
+        if end_stream:
+            self.state_machine.process_input(StreamInputs.SEND_END_STREAM)
+            df.flags.add('END_STREAM')
+        if pad_length is not None:
+            df.flags.add('PADDED')
+            df.pad_length = pad_length
+
+        # Subtract flow_controlled_length to account for possible padding
+        self.outbound_flow_control_window -= df.flow_controlled_length
+        assert self.outbound_flow_control_window >= 0
+
+        return [df]
+
+    def end_stream(self):
+        """
+        End a stream without sending data.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("End stream %r", self)
+
+        self.state_machine.process_input(StreamInputs.SEND_END_STREAM)
+        df = DataFrame(self.stream_id)
+        df.flags.add('END_STREAM')
+        return [df]
+
+    def advertise_alternative_service(self, field_value):
+        """
+        Advertise an RFC 7838 alternative service. The semantics of this are
+        better documented in the ``H2Connection`` class.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Advertise alternative service of %r for %r", field_value, self
+        )
+        self.state_machine.process_input(StreamInputs.SEND_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE)
+        asf = AltSvcFrame(self.stream_id)
+        asf.field = field_value
+        return [asf]
+
+    def increase_flow_control_window(self, increment):
+        """
+        Increase the size of the flow control window for the remote side.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Increase flow control window for %r by %d",
+            self, increment
+        )
+        self.state_machine.process_input(StreamInputs.SEND_WINDOW_UPDATE)
+        self._inbound_window_manager.window_opened(increment)
+
+        wuf = WindowUpdateFrame(self.stream_id)
+        wuf.window_increment = increment
+        return [wuf]
+
+    def receive_push_promise_in_band(self,
+                                     promised_stream_id,
+                                     headers,
+                                     header_encoding):
+        """
+        Receives a push promise frame sent on this stream, pushing a remote
+        stream. This is called on the stream that has the PUSH_PROMISE sent
+        on it.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Receive Push Promise on %r for remote stream %d",
+            self, promised_stream_id
+        )
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            StreamInputs.RECV_PUSH_PROMISE
+        )
+        events[0].pushed_stream_id = promised_stream_id
+
+        hdr_validation_flags = self._build_hdr_validation_flags(events)
+        events[0].headers = self._process_received_headers(
+            headers, hdr_validation_flags, header_encoding
+        )
+        return [], events
+
+    def remotely_pushed(self, pushed_headers):
+        """
+        Mark this stream as one that was pushed by the remote peer. Must be
+        called immediately after initialization. Sends no frames, simply
+        updates the state machine.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("%r pushed by remote peer", self)
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            StreamInputs.RECV_PUSH_PROMISE
+        )
+        self._authority = authority_from_headers(pushed_headers)
+        return [], events
+
+    def receive_headers(self, headers, end_stream, header_encoding):
+        """
+        Receive a set of headers (or trailers).
+        """
+        if is_informational_response(headers):
+            if end_stream:
+                raise ProtocolError(
+                    "Cannot set END_STREAM on informational responses"
+                )
+            input_ = StreamInputs.RECV_INFORMATIONAL_HEADERS
+        else:
+            input_ = StreamInputs.RECV_HEADERS
+
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(input_)
+
+        if end_stream:
+            es_events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+                StreamInputs.RECV_END_STREAM
+            )
+            events[0].stream_ended = es_events[0]
+            events += es_events
+
+        self._initialize_content_length(headers)
+
+        if isinstance(events[0], TrailersReceived):
+            if not end_stream:
+                raise ProtocolError("Trailers must have END_STREAM set")
+
+        hdr_validation_flags = self._build_hdr_validation_flags(events)
+        events[0].headers = self._process_received_headers(
+            headers, hdr_validation_flags, header_encoding
+        )
+        return [], events
+
+    def receive_data(self, data, end_stream, flow_control_len):
+        """
+        Receive some data.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Receive data on %r with end stream %s and flow control length "
+            "set to %d", self, end_stream, flow_control_len
+        )
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(StreamInputs.RECV_DATA)
+        self._inbound_window_manager.window_consumed(flow_control_len)
+        self._track_content_length(len(data), end_stream)
+
+        if end_stream:
+            es_events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+                StreamInputs.RECV_END_STREAM
+            )
+            events[0].stream_ended = es_events[0]
+            events.extend(es_events)
+
+        events[0].data = data
+        events[0].flow_controlled_length = flow_control_len
+        return [], events
+
+    def receive_window_update(self, increment):
+        """
+        Handle a WINDOW_UPDATE increment.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Receive Window Update on %r for increment of %d",
+            self, increment
+        )
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            StreamInputs.RECV_WINDOW_UPDATE
+        )
+        frames = []
+
+        # If we encounter a problem with incrementing the flow control window,
+        # this should be treated as a *stream* error, not a *connection* error.
+        # That means we need to catch the error and forcibly close the stream.
+        if events:
+            events[0].delta = increment
+            try:
+                self.outbound_flow_control_window = guard_increment_window(
+                    self.outbound_flow_control_window,
+                    increment
+                )
+            except FlowControlError:
+                # Ok, this is bad. We're going to need to perform a local
+                # reset.
+                event = StreamReset()
+                event.stream_id = self.stream_id
+                event.error_code = ErrorCodes.FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR
+                event.remote_reset = False
+
+                events = [event]
+                frames = self.reset_stream(event.error_code)
+
+        return frames, events
+
+    def receive_continuation(self):
+        """
+        A naked CONTINUATION frame has been received. This is always an error,
+        but the type of error it is depends on the state of the stream and must
+        transition the state of the stream, so we need to handle it.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug("Receive Continuation frame on %r", self)
+        self.state_machine.process_input(
+            StreamInputs.RECV_CONTINUATION
+        )
+        assert False, "Should not be reachable"
+
+    def receive_alt_svc(self, frame):
+        """
+        An Alternative Service frame was received on the stream. This frame
+        inherits the origin associated with this stream.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Receive Alternative Service frame on stream %r", self
+        )
+
+        # If the origin is present, RFC 7838 says we have to ignore it.
+        if frame.origin:
+            return [], []
+
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(
+            StreamInputs.RECV_ALTERNATIVE_SERVICE
+        )
+
+        # There are lots of situations where we want to ignore the ALTSVC
+        # frame. If we need to pay attention, we'll have an event and should
+        # fill it out.
+        if events:
+            assert isinstance(events[0], AlternativeServiceAvailable)
+            events[0].origin = self._authority
+            events[0].field_value = frame.field
+
+        return [], events
+
+    def reset_stream(self, error_code=0):
+        """
+        Close the stream locally. Reset the stream with an error code.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Local reset %r with error code: %d", self, error_code
+        )
+        self.state_machine.process_input(StreamInputs.SEND_RST_STREAM)
+
+        rsf = RstStreamFrame(self.stream_id)
+        rsf.error_code = error_code
+        return [rsf]
+
+    def stream_reset(self, frame):
+        """
+        Handle a stream being reset remotely.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Remote reset %r with error code: %d", self, frame.error_code
+        )
+        events = self.state_machine.process_input(StreamInputs.RECV_RST_STREAM)
+
+        if events:
+            # We don't fire an event if this stream is already closed.
+            events[0].error_code = _error_code_from_int(frame.error_code)
+
+        return [], events
+
+    def acknowledge_received_data(self, acknowledged_size):
+        """
+        The user has informed us that they've processed some amount of data
+        that was received on this stream. Pass that to the window manager and
+        potentially return some WindowUpdate frames.
+        """
+        self.config.logger.debug(
+            "Acknowledge received data with size %d on %r",
+            acknowledged_size, self
+        )
+        increment = self._inbound_window_manager.process_bytes(
+            acknowledged_size
+        )
+        if increment:
+            f = WindowUpdateFrame(self.stream_id)
+            f.window_increment = increment
+            return [f]
+
+        return []
+
+    def _build_hdr_validation_flags(self, events):
+        """
+        Constructs a set of header validation flags for use when normalizing
+        and validating header blocks.
+        """
+        is_trailer = isinstance(
+            events[0], (_TrailersSent, TrailersReceived)
+        )
+        is_response_header = isinstance(
+            events[0],
+            (
+                _ResponseSent,
+                ResponseReceived,
+                InformationalResponseReceived
+            )
+        )
+        is_push_promise = isinstance(
+            events[0], (PushedStreamReceived, _PushedRequestSent)
+        )
+
+        return HeaderValidationFlags(
+            is_client=self.state_machine.client,
+            is_trailer=is_trailer,
+            is_response_header=is_response_header,
+            is_push_promise=is_push_promise,
+        )
+
+    def _build_headers_frames(self,
+                              headers,
+                              encoder,
+                              first_frame,
+                              hdr_validation_flags):
+        """
+        Helper method to build headers or push promise frames.
+        """
+        # We need to lowercase the header names, and to ensure that secure
+        # header fields are kept out of compression contexts.
+        if self.config.normalize_outbound_headers:
+            headers = normalize_outbound_headers(
+                headers, hdr_validation_flags
+            )
+        if self.config.validate_outbound_headers:
+            headers = validate_outbound_headers(
+                headers, hdr_validation_flags
+            )
+
+        encoded_headers = encoder.encode(headers)
+
+        # Slice into blocks of max_outbound_frame_size. Be careful with this:
+        # it only works right because we never send padded frames or priority
+        # information on the frames. Revisit this if we do.
+        header_blocks = [
+            encoded_headers[i:i+self.max_outbound_frame_size]
+            for i in range(
+                0, len(encoded_headers), self.max_outbound_frame_size
+            )
+        ]
+
+        frames = []
+        first_frame.data = header_blocks[0]
+        frames.append(first_frame)
+
+        for block in header_blocks[1:]:
+            cf = ContinuationFrame(self.stream_id)
+            cf.data = block
+            frames.append(cf)
+
+        frames[-1].flags.add('END_HEADERS')
+        return frames
+
+    def _process_received_headers(self,
+                                  headers,
+                                  header_validation_flags,
+                                  header_encoding):
+        """
+        When headers have been received from the remote peer, run a processing
+        pipeline on them to transform them into the appropriate form for
+        attaching to an event.
+        """
+        if self.config.normalize_inbound_headers:
+            headers = normalize_inbound_headers(
+                headers, header_validation_flags
+            )
+
+        if self.config.validate_inbound_headers:
+            headers = validate_headers(headers, header_validation_flags)
+
+        if header_encoding:
+            headers = _decode_headers(headers, header_encoding)
+
+        # The above steps are all generators, so we need to concretize the
+        # headers now.
+        return list(headers)
+
+    def _initialize_content_length(self, headers):
+        """
+        Checks the headers for a content-length header and initializes the
+        _expected_content_length field from it. It's not an error for no
+        Content-Length header to be present.
+        """
+        if self.request_method == b'HEAD':
+            self._expected_content_length = 0
+            return
+
+        for n, v in headers:
+            if n == b'content-length':
+                try:
+                    self._expected_content_length = int(v, 10)
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise ProtocolError(
+                        "Invalid content-length header: %s" % v
+                    )
+
+                return
+
+    def _track_content_length(self, length, end_stream):
+        """
+        Update the expected content length in response to data being received.
+        Validates that the appropriate amount of data is sent. Always updates
+        the received data, but only validates the length against the
+        content-length header if one was sent.
+
+        :param length: The length of the body chunk received.
+        :param end_stream: If this is the last body chunk received.
+        """
+        self._actual_content_length += length
+        actual = self._actual_content_length
+        expected = self._expected_content_length
+
+        if expected is not None:
+            if expected < actual:
+                raise InvalidBodyLengthError(expected, actual)
+
+            if end_stream and expected != actual:
+                raise InvalidBodyLengthError(expected, actual)
+
+    def _inbound_flow_control_change_from_settings(self, delta):
+        """
+        We changed SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE, which means we need to
+        update the target window size for flow control. For our flow control
+        strategy, this means we need to do two things: we need to adjust the
+        current window size, but we also need to set the target maximum window
+        size to the new value.
+        """
+        new_max_size = self._inbound_window_manager.max_window_size + delta
+        self._inbound_window_manager.window_opened(delta)
+        self._inbound_window_manager.max_window_size = new_max_size
+
+
+def _decode_headers(headers, encoding):
+    """
+    Given an iterable of header two-tuples and an encoding, decodes those
+    headers using that encoding while preserving the type of the header tuple.
+    This ensures that the use of ``HeaderTuple`` is preserved.
+    """
+    for header in headers:
+        # This function expects to work on decoded headers, which are always
+        # HeaderTuple objects.
+        assert isinstance(header, HeaderTuple)
+
+        name, value = header
+        name = name.decode(encoding)
+        value = value.decode(encoding)
+        yield header.__class__(name, value)
diff --git a/packages/h2/utilities.py b/packages/h2/utilities.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb07f575e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/utilities.py
@@ -0,0 +1,656 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+h2/utilities
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Utility functions that do not belong in a separate module.
+"""
+import collections
+import re
+from string import whitespace
+
+from hpack import HeaderTuple, NeverIndexedHeaderTuple
+
+from .exceptions import ProtocolError, FlowControlError
+
+UPPER_RE = re.compile(b"[A-Z]")
+
+# A set of headers that are hop-by-hop or connection-specific and thus
+# forbidden in HTTP/2. This list comes from RFC 7540 § 8.1.2.2.
+CONNECTION_HEADERS = frozenset([
+    b'connection', u'connection',
+    b'proxy-connection', u'proxy-connection',
+    b'keep-alive', u'keep-alive',
+    b'transfer-encoding', u'transfer-encoding',
+    b'upgrade', u'upgrade',
+])
+
+
+_ALLOWED_PSEUDO_HEADER_FIELDS = frozenset([
+    b':method', u':method',
+    b':scheme', u':scheme',
+    b':authority', u':authority',
+    b':path', u':path',
+    b':status', u':status',
+    b':protocol', u':protocol',
+])
+
+
+_SECURE_HEADERS = frozenset([
+    # May have basic credentials which are vulnerable to dictionary attacks.
+    b'authorization', u'authorization',
+    b'proxy-authorization', u'proxy-authorization',
+])
+
+
+_REQUEST_ONLY_HEADERS = frozenset([
+    b':scheme', u':scheme',
+    b':path', u':path',
+    b':authority', u':authority',
+    b':method', u':method',
+    b':protocol', u':protocol',
+])
+
+
+_RESPONSE_ONLY_HEADERS = frozenset([b':status', u':status'])
+
+
+# A Set of pseudo headers that are only valid if the method is
+# CONNECT, see RFC 8441 § 5
+_CONNECT_REQUEST_ONLY_HEADERS = frozenset([b':protocol', u':protocol'])
+
+
+_WHITESPACE = frozenset(map(ord, whitespace))
+
+
+def _secure_headers(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Certain headers are at risk of being attacked during the header compression
+    phase, and so need to be kept out of header compression contexts. This
+    function automatically transforms certain specific headers into HPACK
+    never-indexed fields to ensure they don't get added to header compression
+    contexts.
+
+    This function currently implements two rules:
+
+    - 'authorization' and 'proxy-authorization' fields are automatically made
+      never-indexed.
+    - Any 'cookie' header field shorter than 20 bytes long is made
+      never-indexed.
+
+    These fields are the most at-risk. These rules are inspired by Firefox
+    and nghttp2.
+    """
+    for header in headers:
+        if header[0] in _SECURE_HEADERS:
+            yield NeverIndexedHeaderTuple(*header)
+        elif header[0] in (b'cookie', u'cookie') and len(header[1]) < 20:
+            yield NeverIndexedHeaderTuple(*header)
+        else:
+            yield header
+
+
+def extract_method_header(headers):
+    """
+    Extracts the request method from the headers list.
+    """
+    for k, v in headers:
+        if k in (b':method', u':method'):
+            if not isinstance(v, bytes):
+                return v.encode('utf-8')
+            else:
+                return v
+
+
+def is_informational_response(headers):
+    """
+    Searches a header block for a :status header to confirm that a given
+    collection of headers are an informational response. Assumes the header
+    block is well formed: that is, that the HTTP/2 special headers are first
+    in the block, and so that it can stop looking when it finds the first
+    header field whose name does not begin with a colon.
+
+    :param headers: The HTTP/2 header block.
+    :returns: A boolean indicating if this is an informational response.
+    """
+    for n, v in headers:
+        if isinstance(n, bytes):
+            sigil = b':'
+            status = b':status'
+            informational_start = b'1'
+        else:
+            sigil = u':'
+            status = u':status'
+            informational_start = u'1'
+
+        # If we find a non-special header, we're done here: stop looping.
+        if not n.startswith(sigil):
+            return False
+
+        # This isn't the status header, bail.
+        if n != status:
+            continue
+
+        # If the first digit is a 1, we've got informational headers.
+        return v.startswith(informational_start)
+
+
+def guard_increment_window(current, increment):
+    """
+    Increments a flow control window, guarding against that window becoming too
+    large.
+
+    :param current: The current value of the flow control window.
+    :param increment: The increment to apply to that window.
+    :returns: The new value of the window.
+    :raises: ``FlowControlError``
+    """
+    # The largest value the flow control window may take.
+    LARGEST_FLOW_CONTROL_WINDOW = 2**31 - 1
+
+    new_size = current + increment
+
+    if new_size > LARGEST_FLOW_CONTROL_WINDOW:
+        raise FlowControlError(
+            "May not increment flow control window past %d" %
+            LARGEST_FLOW_CONTROL_WINDOW
+        )
+
+    return new_size
+
+
+def authority_from_headers(headers):
+    """
+    Given a header set, searches for the authority header and returns the
+    value.
+
+    Note that this doesn't terminate early, so should only be called if the
+    headers are for a client request. Otherwise, will loop over the entire
+    header set, which is potentially unwise.
+
+    :param headers: The HTTP header set.
+    :returns: The value of the authority header, or ``None``.
+    :rtype: ``bytes`` or ``None``.
+    """
+    for n, v in headers:
+        # This gets run against headers that come both from HPACK and from the
+        # user, so we may have unicode floating around in here. We only want
+        # bytes.
+        if n in (b':authority', u':authority'):
+            return v.encode('utf-8') if not isinstance(v, bytes) else v
+
+    return None
+
+
+# Flags used by the validate_headers pipeline to determine which checks
+# should be applied to a given set of headers.
+HeaderValidationFlags = collections.namedtuple(
+    'HeaderValidationFlags',
+    ['is_client', 'is_trailer', 'is_response_header', 'is_push_promise']
+)
+
+
+def validate_headers(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Validates a header sequence against a set of constraints from RFC 7540.
+
+    :param headers: The HTTP header set.
+    :param hdr_validation_flags: An instance of HeaderValidationFlags.
+    """
+    # This validation logic is built on a sequence of generators that are
+    # iterated over to provide the final header list. This reduces some of the
+    # overhead of doing this checking. However, it's worth noting that this
+    # checking remains somewhat expensive, and attempts should be made wherever
+    # possible to reduce the time spent doing them.
+    #
+    # For example, we avoid tuple upacking in loops because it represents a
+    # fixed cost that we don't want to spend, instead indexing into the header
+    # tuples.
+    headers = _reject_uppercase_header_fields(
+        headers, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+    headers = _reject_surrounding_whitespace(
+        headers, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+    headers = _reject_te(
+        headers, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+    headers = _reject_connection_header(
+        headers, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+    headers = _reject_pseudo_header_fields(
+        headers, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+    headers = _check_host_authority_header(
+        headers, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+    headers = _check_path_header(headers, hdr_validation_flags)
+
+    return headers
+
+
+def _reject_uppercase_header_fields(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Raises a ProtocolError if any uppercase character is found in a header
+    block.
+    """
+    for header in headers:
+        if UPPER_RE.search(header[0]):
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Received uppercase header name %s." % header[0])
+        yield header
+
+
+def _reject_surrounding_whitespace(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Raises a ProtocolError if any header name or value is surrounded by
+    whitespace characters.
+    """
+    # For compatibility with RFC 7230 header fields, we need to allow the field
+    # value to be an empty string. This is ludicrous, but technically allowed.
+    # The field name may not be empty, though, so we can safely assume that it
+    # must have at least one character in it and throw exceptions if it
+    # doesn't.
+    for header in headers:
+        if header[0][0] in _WHITESPACE or header[0][-1] in _WHITESPACE:
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Received header name surrounded by whitespace %r" % header[0])
+        if header[1] and ((header[1][0] in _WHITESPACE) or
+           (header[1][-1] in _WHITESPACE)):
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Received header value surrounded by whitespace %r" % header[1]
+            )
+        yield header
+
+
+def _reject_te(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Raises a ProtocolError if the TE header is present in a header block and
+    its value is anything other than "trailers".
+    """
+    for header in headers:
+        if header[0] in (b'te', u'te'):
+            if header[1].lower() not in (b'trailers', u'trailers'):
+                raise ProtocolError(
+                    "Invalid value for Transfer-Encoding header: %s" %
+                    header[1]
+                )
+
+        yield header
+
+
+def _reject_connection_header(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Raises a ProtocolError if the Connection header is present in a header
+    block.
+    """
+    for header in headers:
+        if header[0] in CONNECTION_HEADERS:
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Connection-specific header field present: %s." % header[0]
+            )
+
+        yield header
+
+
+def _custom_startswith(test_string, bytes_prefix, unicode_prefix):
+    """
+    Given a string that might be a bytestring or a Unicode string,
+    return True if it starts with the appropriate prefix.
+    """
+    if isinstance(test_string, bytes):
+        return test_string.startswith(bytes_prefix)
+    else:
+        return test_string.startswith(unicode_prefix)
+
+
+def _assert_header_in_set(string_header, bytes_header, header_set):
+    """
+    Given a set of header names, checks whether the string or byte version of
+    the header name is present. Raises a Protocol error with the appropriate
+    error if it's missing.
+    """
+    if not (string_header in header_set or bytes_header in header_set):
+        raise ProtocolError(
+            "Header block missing mandatory %s header" % string_header
+        )
+
+
+def _reject_pseudo_header_fields(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Raises a ProtocolError if duplicate pseudo-header fields are found in a
+    header block or if a pseudo-header field appears in a block after an
+    ordinary header field.
+
+    Raises a ProtocolError if pseudo-header fields are found in trailers.
+    """
+    seen_pseudo_header_fields = set()
+    seen_regular_header = False
+    method = None
+
+    for header in headers:
+        if _custom_startswith(header[0], b':', u':'):
+            if header[0] in seen_pseudo_header_fields:
+                raise ProtocolError(
+                    "Received duplicate pseudo-header field %s" % header[0]
+                )
+
+            seen_pseudo_header_fields.add(header[0])
+
+            if seen_regular_header:
+                raise ProtocolError(
+                    "Received pseudo-header field out of sequence: %s" %
+                    header[0]
+                )
+
+            if header[0] not in _ALLOWED_PSEUDO_HEADER_FIELDS:
+                raise ProtocolError(
+                    "Received custom pseudo-header field %s" % header[0]
+                )
+
+            if header[0] in (b':method', u':method'):
+                if not isinstance(header[1], bytes):
+                    method = header[1].encode('utf-8')
+                else:
+                    method = header[1]
+
+        else:
+            seen_regular_header = True
+
+        yield header
+
+    # Check the pseudo-headers we got to confirm they're acceptable.
+    _check_pseudo_header_field_acceptability(
+        seen_pseudo_header_fields, method, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+
+
+def _check_pseudo_header_field_acceptability(pseudo_headers,
+                                             method,
+                                             hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Given the set of pseudo-headers present in a header block and the
+    validation flags, confirms that RFC 7540 allows them.
+    """
+    # Pseudo-header fields MUST NOT appear in trailers - RFC 7540 § 8.1.2.1
+    if hdr_validation_flags.is_trailer and pseudo_headers:
+        raise ProtocolError(
+            "Received pseudo-header in trailer %s" % pseudo_headers
+        )
+
+    # If ':status' pseudo-header is not there in a response header, reject it.
+    # Similarly, if ':path', ':method', or ':scheme' are not there in a request
+    # header, reject it. Additionally, if a response contains any request-only
+    # headers or vice-versa, reject it.
+    # Relevant RFC section: RFC 7540 § 8.1.2.4
+    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-8.1.2.4
+    if hdr_validation_flags.is_response_header:
+        _assert_header_in_set(u':status', b':status', pseudo_headers)
+        invalid_response_headers = pseudo_headers & _REQUEST_ONLY_HEADERS
+        if invalid_response_headers:
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Encountered request-only headers %s" %
+                invalid_response_headers
+            )
+    elif (not hdr_validation_flags.is_response_header and
+          not hdr_validation_flags.is_trailer):
+        # This is a request, so we need to have seen :path, :method, and
+        # :scheme.
+        _assert_header_in_set(u':path', b':path', pseudo_headers)
+        _assert_header_in_set(u':method', b':method', pseudo_headers)
+        _assert_header_in_set(u':scheme', b':scheme', pseudo_headers)
+        invalid_request_headers = pseudo_headers & _RESPONSE_ONLY_HEADERS
+        if invalid_request_headers:
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Encountered response-only headers %s" %
+                invalid_request_headers
+            )
+        if method != b'CONNECT':
+            invalid_headers = pseudo_headers & _CONNECT_REQUEST_ONLY_HEADERS
+            if invalid_headers:
+                raise ProtocolError(
+                    "Encountered connect-request-only headers %s" %
+                    invalid_headers
+                )
+
+
+def _validate_host_authority_header(headers):
+    """
+    Given the :authority and Host headers from a request block that isn't
+    a trailer, check that:
+     1. At least one of these headers is set.
+     2. If both headers are set, they match.
+
+    :param headers: The HTTP header set.
+    :raises: ``ProtocolError``
+    """
+    # We use None as a sentinel value.  Iterate over the list of headers,
+    # and record the value of these headers (if present).  We don't need
+    # to worry about receiving duplicate :authority headers, as this is
+    # enforced by the _reject_pseudo_header_fields() pipeline.
+    #
+    # TODO: We should also guard against receiving duplicate Host headers,
+    # and against sending duplicate headers.
+    authority_header_val = None
+    host_header_val = None
+
+    for header in headers:
+        if header[0] in (b':authority', u':authority'):
+            authority_header_val = header[1]
+        elif header[0] in (b'host', u'host'):
+            host_header_val = header[1]
+
+        yield header
+
+    # If we have not-None values for these variables, then we know we saw
+    # the corresponding header.
+    authority_present = (authority_header_val is not None)
+    host_present = (host_header_val is not None)
+
+    # It is an error for a request header block to contain neither
+    # an :authority header nor a Host header.
+    if not authority_present and not host_present:
+        raise ProtocolError(
+            "Request header block does not have an :authority or Host header."
+        )
+
+    # If we receive both headers, they should definitely match.
+    if authority_present and host_present:
+        if authority_header_val != host_header_val:
+            raise ProtocolError(
+                "Request header block has mismatched :authority and "
+                "Host headers: %r / %r"
+                % (authority_header_val, host_header_val)
+            )
+
+
+def _check_host_authority_header(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Raises a ProtocolError if a header block arrives that does not contain an
+    :authority or a Host header, or if a header block contains both fields,
+    but their values do not match.
+    """
+    # We only expect to see :authority and Host headers on request header
+    # blocks that aren't trailers, so skip this validation if this is a
+    # response header or we're looking at trailer blocks.
+    skip_validation = (
+        hdr_validation_flags.is_response_header or
+        hdr_validation_flags.is_trailer
+    )
+    if skip_validation:
+        return headers
+
+    return _validate_host_authority_header(headers)
+
+
+def _check_path_header(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Raise a ProtocolError if a header block arrives or is sent that contains an
+    empty :path header.
+    """
+    def inner():
+        for header in headers:
+            if header[0] in (b':path', u':path'):
+                if not header[1]:
+                    raise ProtocolError("An empty :path header is forbidden")
+
+            yield header
+
+    # We only expect to see :authority and Host headers on request header
+    # blocks that aren't trailers, so skip this validation if this is a
+    # response header or we're looking at trailer blocks.
+    skip_validation = (
+        hdr_validation_flags.is_response_header or
+        hdr_validation_flags.is_trailer
+    )
+    if skip_validation:
+        return headers
+    else:
+        return inner()
+
+
+def _lowercase_header_names(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Given an iterable of header two-tuples, rebuilds that iterable with the
+    header names lowercased. This generator produces tuples that preserve the
+    original type of the header tuple for tuple and any ``HeaderTuple``.
+    """
+    for header in headers:
+        if isinstance(header, HeaderTuple):
+            yield header.__class__(header[0].lower(), header[1])
+        else:
+            yield (header[0].lower(), header[1])
+
+
+def _strip_surrounding_whitespace(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Given an iterable of header two-tuples, strip both leading and trailing
+    whitespace from both header names and header values. This generator
+    produces tuples that preserve the original type of the header tuple for
+    tuple and any ``HeaderTuple``.
+    """
+    for header in headers:
+        if isinstance(header, HeaderTuple):
+            yield header.__class__(header[0].strip(), header[1].strip())
+        else:
+            yield (header[0].strip(), header[1].strip())
+
+
+def _strip_connection_headers(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Strip any connection headers as per RFC7540 § 8.1.2.2.
+    """
+    for header in headers:
+        if header[0] not in CONNECTION_HEADERS:
+            yield header
+
+
+def _check_sent_host_authority_header(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Raises an InvalidHeaderBlockError if we try to send a header block
+    that does not contain an :authority or a Host header, or if
+    the header block contains both fields, but their values do not match.
+    """
+    # We only expect to see :authority and Host headers on request header
+    # blocks that aren't trailers, so skip this validation if this is a
+    # response header or we're looking at trailer blocks.
+    skip_validation = (
+        hdr_validation_flags.is_response_header or
+        hdr_validation_flags.is_trailer
+    )
+    if skip_validation:
+        return headers
+
+    return _validate_host_authority_header(headers)
+
+
+def _combine_cookie_fields(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    RFC 7540 § 8.1.2.5 allows HTTP/2 clients to split the Cookie header field,
+    which must normally appear only once, into multiple fields for better
+    compression. However, they MUST be joined back up again when received.
+    This normalization step applies that transform. The side-effect is that
+    all cookie fields now appear *last* in the header block.
+    """
+    # There is a problem here about header indexing. Specifically, it's
+    # possible that all these cookies are sent with different header indexing
+    # values. At this point it shouldn't matter too much, so we apply our own
+    # logic and make them never-indexed.
+    cookies = []
+    for header in headers:
+        if header[0] == b'cookie':
+            cookies.append(header[1])
+        else:
+            yield header
+    if cookies:
+        cookie_val = b'; '.join(cookies)
+        yield NeverIndexedHeaderTuple(b'cookie', cookie_val)
+
+
+def normalize_outbound_headers(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Normalizes a header sequence that we are about to send.
+
+    :param headers: The HTTP header set.
+    :param hdr_validation_flags: An instance of HeaderValidationFlags.
+    """
+    headers = _lowercase_header_names(headers, hdr_validation_flags)
+    headers = _strip_surrounding_whitespace(headers, hdr_validation_flags)
+    headers = _strip_connection_headers(headers, hdr_validation_flags)
+    headers = _secure_headers(headers, hdr_validation_flags)
+
+    return headers
+
+
+def normalize_inbound_headers(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Normalizes a header sequence that we have received.
+
+    :param headers: The HTTP header set.
+    :param hdr_validation_flags: An instance of HeaderValidationFlags
+    """
+    headers = _combine_cookie_fields(headers, hdr_validation_flags)
+    return headers
+
+
+def validate_outbound_headers(headers, hdr_validation_flags):
+    """
+    Validates and normalizes a header sequence that we are about to send.
+
+    :param headers: The HTTP header set.
+    :param hdr_validation_flags: An instance of HeaderValidationFlags.
+    """
+    headers = _reject_te(
+        headers, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+    headers = _reject_connection_header(
+        headers, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+    headers = _reject_pseudo_header_fields(
+        headers, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+    headers = _check_sent_host_authority_header(
+        headers, hdr_validation_flags
+    )
+    headers = _check_path_header(headers, hdr_validation_flags)
+
+    return headers
+
+
+class SizeLimitDict(collections.OrderedDict):
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._size_limit = kwargs.pop("size_limit", None)
+        super(SizeLimitDict, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        self._check_size_limit()
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        super(SizeLimitDict, self).__setitem__(key, value)
+
+        self._check_size_limit()
+
+    def _check_size_limit(self):
+        if self._size_limit is not None:
+            while len(self) > self._size_limit:
+                self.popitem(last=False)
diff --git a/packages/h2/windows.py b/packages/h2/windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be4eb438b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/h2/windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+h2/windows
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Defines tools for managing HTTP/2 flow control windows.
+
+The objects defined in this module are used to automatically manage HTTP/2
+flow control windows. Specifically, they keep track of what the size of the
+window is, how much data has been consumed from that window, and how much data
+the user has already used. It then implements a basic algorithm that attempts
+to manage the flow control window without user input, trying to ensure that it
+does not emit too many WINDOW_UPDATE frames.
+"""
+from __future__ import division
+
+from .exceptions import FlowControlError
+
+
+# The largest acceptable value for a HTTP/2 flow control window.
+LARGEST_FLOW_CONTROL_WINDOW = 2**31 - 1
+
+
+class WindowManager:
+    """
+    A basic HTTP/2 window manager.
+
+    :param max_window_size: The maximum size of the flow control window.
+    :type max_window_size: ``int``
+    """
+    def __init__(self, max_window_size):
+        assert max_window_size <= LARGEST_FLOW_CONTROL_WINDOW
+        self.max_window_size = max_window_size
+        self.current_window_size = max_window_size
+        self._bytes_processed = 0
+
+    def window_consumed(self, size):
+        """
+        We have received a certain number of bytes from the remote peer. This
+        necessarily shrinks the flow control window!
+
+        :param size: The number of flow controlled bytes we received from the
+            remote peer.
+        :type size: ``int``
+        :returns: Nothing.
+        :rtype: ``None``
+        """
+        self.current_window_size -= size
+        if self.current_window_size < 0:
+            raise FlowControlError("Flow control window shrunk below 0")
+
+    def window_opened(self, size):
+        """
+        The flow control window has been incremented, either because of manual
+        flow control management or because of the user changing the flow
+        control settings. This can have the effect of increasing what we
+        consider to be the "maximum" flow control window size.
+
+        This does not increase our view of how many bytes have been processed,
+        only of how much space is in the window.
+
+        :param size: The increment to the flow control window we received.
+        :type size: ``int``
+        :returns: Nothing
+        :rtype: ``None``
+        """
+        self.current_window_size += size
+
+        if self.current_window_size > LARGEST_FLOW_CONTROL_WINDOW:
+            raise FlowControlError(
+                "Flow control window mustn't exceed %d" %
+                LARGEST_FLOW_CONTROL_WINDOW
+            )
+
+        if self.current_window_size > self.max_window_size:
+            self.max_window_size = self.current_window_size
+
+    def process_bytes(self, size):
+        """
+        The application has informed us that it has processed a certain number
+        of bytes. This may cause us to want to emit a window update frame. If
+        we do want to emit a window update frame, this method will return the
+        number of bytes that we should increment the window by.
+
+        :param size: The number of flow controlled bytes that the application
+            has processed.
+        :type size: ``int``
+        :returns: The number of bytes to increment the flow control window by,
+            or ``None``.
+        :rtype: ``int`` or ``None``
+        """
+        self._bytes_processed += size
+        return self._maybe_update_window()
+
+    def _maybe_update_window(self):
+        """
+        Run the algorithm.
+
+        Our current algorithm can be described like this.
+
+        1. If no bytes have been processed, we immediately return 0. There is
+           no meaningful way for us to hand space in the window back to the
+           remote peer, so let's not even try.
+        2. If there is no space in the flow control window, and we have
+           processed at least 1024 bytes (or 1/4 of the window, if the window
+           is smaller), we will emit a window update frame. This is to avoid
+           the risk of blocking a stream altogether.
+        3. If there is space in the flow control window, and we have processed
+           at least 1/2 of the window worth of bytes, we will emit a window
+           update frame. This is to minimise the number of window update frames
+           we have to emit.
+
+        In a healthy system with large flow control windows, this will
+        irregularly emit WINDOW_UPDATE frames. This prevents us starving the
+        connection by emitting eleventy bajillion WINDOW_UPDATE frames,
+        especially in situations where the remote peer is sending a lot of very
+        small DATA frames.
+        """
+        # TODO: Can the window be smaller than 1024 bytes? If not, we can
+        # streamline this algorithm.
+        if not self._bytes_processed:
+            return None
+
+        max_increment = (self.max_window_size - self.current_window_size)
+        increment = 0
+
+        # Note that, even though we may increment less than _bytes_processed,
+        # we still want to set it to zero whenever we emit an increment. This
+        # is because we'll always increment up to the maximum we can.
+        if (self.current_window_size == 0) and (
+                self._bytes_processed > min(1024, self.max_window_size // 4)):
+            increment = min(self._bytes_processed, max_increment)
+            self._bytes_processed = 0
+        elif self._bytes_processed >= (self.max_window_size // 2):
+            increment = min(self._bytes_processed, max_increment)
+            self._bytes_processed = 0
+
+        self.current_window_size += increment
+        return increment
diff --git a/packages/hpack/__init__.py b/packages/hpack/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc26ac5a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hpack/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hpack
+~~~~~
+
+HTTP/2 header encoding for Python.
+"""
+from .hpack import Encoder, Decoder
+from .struct import HeaderTuple, NeverIndexedHeaderTuple
+from .exceptions import (
+    HPACKError,
+    HPACKDecodingError,
+    InvalidTableIndex,
+    OversizedHeaderListError,
+    InvalidTableSizeError
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Encoder',
+    'Decoder',
+    'HeaderTuple',
+    'NeverIndexedHeaderTuple',
+    'HPACKError',
+    'HPACKDecodingError',
+    'InvalidTableIndex',
+    'OversizedHeaderListError',
+    'InvalidTableSizeError',
+]
+
+__version__ = '4.0.0'
diff --git a/packages/hpack/exceptions.py b/packages/hpack/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..571ba98f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hpack/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hyper/http20/exceptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This defines exceptions used in the HTTP/2 portion of hyper.
+"""
+
+
+class HPACKError(Exception):
+    """
+    The base class for all ``hpack`` exceptions.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class HPACKDecodingError(HPACKError):
+    """
+    An error has been encountered while performing HPACK decoding.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidTableIndex(HPACKDecodingError):
+    """
+    An invalid table index was received.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class OversizedHeaderListError(HPACKDecodingError):
+    """
+    A header list that was larger than we allow has been received. This may be
+    a DoS attack.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.3.0
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidTableSizeError(HPACKDecodingError):
+    """
+    An attempt was made to change the decoder table size to a value larger than
+    allowed, or the list was shrunk and the remote peer didn't shrink their
+    table size.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0.0
+    """
+    pass
diff --git a/packages/hpack/hpack.py b/packages/hpack/hpack.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc39bfd6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hpack/hpack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hpack/hpack
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Implements the HPACK header compression algorithm as detailed by the IETF.
+"""
+import logging
+
+from .table import HeaderTable, table_entry_size
+from .exceptions import (
+    HPACKDecodingError, OversizedHeaderListError, InvalidTableSizeError
+)
+from .huffman import HuffmanEncoder
+from .huffman_constants import (
+    REQUEST_CODES, REQUEST_CODES_LENGTH
+)
+from .huffman_table import decode_huffman
+from .struct import HeaderTuple, NeverIndexedHeaderTuple
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+INDEX_NONE = b'\x00'
+INDEX_NEVER = b'\x10'
+INDEX_INCREMENTAL = b'\x40'
+
+# Precompute 2^i for 1-8 for use in prefix calcs.
+# Zero index is not used but there to save a subtraction
+# as prefix numbers are not zero indexed.
+_PREFIX_BIT_MAX_NUMBERS = [(2 ** i) - 1 for i in range(9)]
+
+try:  # pragma: no cover
+    basestring = basestring
+except NameError:  # pragma: no cover
+    basestring = (str, bytes)
+
+
+# We default the maximum header list we're willing to accept to 64kB. That's a
+# lot of headers, but if applications want to raise it they can do.
+DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE = 2 ** 16
+
+
+def _unicode_if_needed(header, raw):
+    """
+    Provides a header as a unicode string if raw is False, otherwise returns
+    it as a bytestring.
+    """
+    name = bytes(header[0])
+    value = bytes(header[1])
+    if not raw:
+        name = name.decode('utf-8')
+        value = value.decode('utf-8')
+    return header.__class__(name, value)
+
+
+def encode_integer(integer, prefix_bits):
+    """
+    This encodes an integer according to the wacky integer encoding rules
+    defined in the HPACK spec.
+    """
+    log.debug("Encoding %d with %d bits", integer, prefix_bits)
+
+    if integer < 0:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Can only encode positive integers, got %s" % integer
+        )
+
+    if prefix_bits < 1 or prefix_bits > 8:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Prefix bits must be between 1 and 8, got %s" % prefix_bits
+        )
+
+    max_number = _PREFIX_BIT_MAX_NUMBERS[prefix_bits]
+
+    if integer < max_number:
+        return bytearray([integer])  # Seriously?
+    else:
+        elements = [max_number]
+        integer -= max_number
+
+        while integer >= 128:
+            elements.append((integer & 127) + 128)
+            integer >>= 7
+
+        elements.append(integer)
+
+        return bytearray(elements)
+
+
+def decode_integer(data, prefix_bits):
+    """
+    This decodes an integer according to the wacky integer encoding rules
+    defined in the HPACK spec. Returns a tuple of the decoded integer and the
+    number of bytes that were consumed from ``data`` in order to get that
+    integer.
+    """
+    if prefix_bits < 1 or prefix_bits > 8:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Prefix bits must be between 1 and 8, got %s" % prefix_bits
+        )
+
+    max_number = _PREFIX_BIT_MAX_NUMBERS[prefix_bits]
+    index = 1
+    shift = 0
+    mask = (0xFF >> (8 - prefix_bits))
+
+    try:
+        number = data[0] & mask
+        if number == max_number:
+            while True:
+                next_byte = data[index]
+                index += 1
+
+                if next_byte >= 128:
+                    number += (next_byte - 128) << shift
+                else:
+                    number += next_byte << shift
+                    break
+                shift += 7
+
+    except IndexError:
+        raise HPACKDecodingError(
+            "Unable to decode HPACK integer representation from %r" % data
+        )
+
+    log.debug("Decoded %d, consumed %d bytes", number, index)
+
+    return number, index
+
+
+def _dict_to_iterable(header_dict):
+    """
+    This converts a dictionary to an iterable of two-tuples. This is a
+    HPACK-specific function because it pulls "special-headers" out first and
+    then emits them.
+    """
+    assert isinstance(header_dict, dict)
+    keys = sorted(
+        header_dict.keys(),
+        key=lambda k: not _to_bytes(k).startswith(b':')
+    )
+    for key in keys:
+        yield key, header_dict[key]
+
+
+def _to_bytes(string):
+    """
+    Convert string to bytes.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(string, basestring):  # pragma: no cover
+        string = str(string)
+
+    return string if isinstance(string, bytes) else string.encode('utf-8')
+
+
+class Encoder:
+    """
+    An HPACK encoder object. This object takes HTTP headers and emits encoded
+    HTTP/2 header blocks.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.header_table = HeaderTable()
+        self.huffman_coder = HuffmanEncoder(
+            REQUEST_CODES, REQUEST_CODES_LENGTH
+        )
+        self.table_size_changes = []
+
+    @property
+    def header_table_size(self):
+        """
+        Controls the size of the HPACK header table.
+        """
+        return self.header_table.maxsize
+
+    @header_table_size.setter
+    def header_table_size(self, value):
+        self.header_table.maxsize = value
+        if self.header_table.resized:
+            self.table_size_changes.append(value)
+
+    def encode(self, headers, huffman=True):
+        """
+        Takes a set of headers and encodes them into a HPACK-encoded header
+        block.
+
+        :param headers: The headers to encode. Must be either an iterable of
+                        tuples, an iterable of :class:`HeaderTuple
+                        <hpack.HeaderTuple>`, or a ``dict``.
+
+                        If an iterable of tuples, the tuples may be either
+                        two-tuples or three-tuples. If they are two-tuples, the
+                        tuples must be of the format ``(name, value)``. If they
+                        are three-tuples, they must be of the format
+                        ``(name, value, sensitive)``, where ``sensitive`` is a
+                        boolean value indicating whether the header should be
+                        added to header tables anywhere. If not present,
+                        ``sensitive`` defaults to ``False``.
+
+                        If an iterable of :class:`HeaderTuple
+                        <hpack.HeaderTuple>`, the tuples must always be
+                        two-tuples. Instead of using ``sensitive`` as a third
+                        tuple entry, use :class:`NeverIndexedHeaderTuple
+                        <hpack.NeverIndexedHeaderTuple>` to request that
+                        the field never be indexed.
+
+                        .. warning:: HTTP/2 requires that all special headers
+                            (headers whose names begin with ``:`` characters)
+                            appear at the *start* of the header block. While
+                            this method will ensure that happens for ``dict``
+                            subclasses, callers using any other iterable of
+                            tuples **must** ensure they place their special
+                            headers at the start of the iterable.
+
+                            For efficiency reasons users should prefer to use
+                            iterables of two-tuples: fixing the ordering of
+                            dictionary headers is an expensive operation that
+                            should be avoided if possible.
+
+        :param huffman: (optional) Whether to Huffman-encode any header sent as
+                        a literal value. Except for use when debugging, it is
+                        recommended that this be left enabled.
+
+        :returns: A bytestring containing the HPACK-encoded header block.
+        """
+        # Transforming the headers into a header block is a procedure that can
+        # be modeled as a chain or pipe. First, the headers are encoded. This
+        # encoding can be done a number of ways. If the header name-value pair
+        # are already in the header table we can represent them using the
+        # indexed representation: the same is true if they are in the static
+        # table. Otherwise, a literal representation will be used.
+        header_block = []
+
+        # Turn the headers into a list of tuples if possible. This is the
+        # natural way to interact with them in HPACK. Because dictionaries are
+        # un-ordered, we need to make sure we grab the "special" headers first.
+        if isinstance(headers, dict):
+            headers = _dict_to_iterable(headers)
+
+        # Before we begin, if the header table size has been changed we need
+        # to signal all changes since last emission appropriately.
+        if self.header_table.resized:
+            header_block.append(self._encode_table_size_change())
+            self.header_table.resized = False
+
+        # Add each header to the header block
+        for header in headers:
+            sensitive = False
+            if isinstance(header, HeaderTuple):
+                sensitive = not header.indexable
+            elif len(header) > 2:
+                sensitive = header[2]
+
+            header = (_to_bytes(header[0]), _to_bytes(header[1]))
+            header_block.append(self.add(header, sensitive, huffman))
+
+        header_block = b''.join(header_block)
+
+        log.debug("Encoded header block to %s", header_block)
+
+        return header_block
+
+    def add(self, to_add, sensitive, huffman=False):
+        """
+        This function takes a header key-value tuple and serializes it.
+        """
+        log.debug(
+            "Adding %s to the header table, sensitive:%s, huffman:%s",
+            to_add,
+            sensitive,
+            huffman
+        )
+
+        name, value = to_add
+
+        # Set our indexing mode
+        indexbit = INDEX_INCREMENTAL if not sensitive else INDEX_NEVER
+
+        # Search for a matching header in the header table.
+        match = self.header_table.search(name, value)
+
+        if match is None:
+            # Not in the header table. Encode using the literal syntax,
+            # and add it to the header table.
+            encoded = self._encode_literal(name, value, indexbit, huffman)
+            if not sensitive:
+                self.header_table.add(name, value)
+            return encoded
+
+        # The header is in the table, break out the values. If we matched
+        # perfectly, we can use the indexed representation: otherwise we
+        # can use the indexed literal.
+        index, name, perfect = match
+
+        if perfect:
+            # Indexed representation.
+            encoded = self._encode_indexed(index)
+        else:
+            # Indexed literal. We are going to add header to the
+            # header table unconditionally. It is a future todo to
+            # filter out headers which are known to be ineffective for
+            # indexing since they just take space in the table and
+            # pushed out other valuable headers.
+            encoded = self._encode_indexed_literal(
+                index, value, indexbit, huffman
+            )
+            if not sensitive:
+                self.header_table.add(name, value)
+
+        return encoded
+
+    def _encode_indexed(self, index):
+        """
+        Encodes a header using the indexed representation.
+        """
+        field = encode_integer(index, 7)
+        field[0] |= 0x80  # we set the top bit
+        return bytes(field)
+
+    def _encode_literal(self, name, value, indexbit, huffman=False):
+        """
+        Encodes a header with a literal name and literal value. If ``indexing``
+        is True, the header will be added to the header table: otherwise it
+        will not.
+        """
+        if huffman:
+            name = self.huffman_coder.encode(name)
+            value = self.huffman_coder.encode(value)
+
+        name_len = encode_integer(len(name), 7)
+        value_len = encode_integer(len(value), 7)
+
+        if huffman:
+            name_len[0] |= 0x80
+            value_len[0] |= 0x80
+
+        return b''.join(
+            [indexbit, bytes(name_len), name, bytes(value_len), value]
+        )
+
+    def _encode_indexed_literal(self, index, value, indexbit, huffman=False):
+        """
+        Encodes a header with an indexed name and a literal value and performs
+        incremental indexing.
+        """
+        if indexbit != INDEX_INCREMENTAL:
+            prefix = encode_integer(index, 4)
+        else:
+            prefix = encode_integer(index, 6)
+
+        prefix[0] |= ord(indexbit)
+
+        if huffman:
+            value = self.huffman_coder.encode(value)
+
+        value_len = encode_integer(len(value), 7)
+
+        if huffman:
+            value_len[0] |= 0x80
+
+        return b''.join([bytes(prefix), bytes(value_len), value])
+
+    def _encode_table_size_change(self):
+        """
+        Produces the encoded form of all header table size change context
+        updates.
+        """
+        block = b''
+        for size_bytes in self.table_size_changes:
+            size_bytes = encode_integer(size_bytes, 5)
+            size_bytes[0] |= 0x20
+            block += bytes(size_bytes)
+        self.table_size_changes = []
+        return block
+
+
+class Decoder:
+    """
+    An HPACK decoder object.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.3.0
+       Added ``max_header_list_size`` argument.
+
+    :param max_header_list_size: The maximum decompressed size we will allow
+        for any single header block. This is a protection against DoS attacks
+        that attempt to force the application to expand a relatively small
+        amount of data into a really large header list, allowing enormous
+        amounts of memory to be allocated.
+
+        If this amount of data is exceeded, a `OversizedHeaderListError
+        <hpack.OversizedHeaderListError>` exception will be raised. At this
+        point the connection should be shut down, as the HPACK state will no
+        longer be usable.
+
+        Defaults to 64kB.
+    :type max_header_list_size: ``int``
+    """
+    def __init__(self, max_header_list_size=DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE):
+        self.header_table = HeaderTable()
+
+        #: The maximum decompressed size we will allow for any single header
+        #: block. This is a protection against DoS attacks that attempt to
+        #: force the application to expand a relatively small amount of data
+        #: into a really large header list, allowing enormous amounts of memory
+        #: to be allocated.
+        #:
+        #: If this amount of data is exceeded, a `OversizedHeaderListError
+        #: <hpack.OversizedHeaderListError>` exception will be raised. At this
+        #: point the connection should be shut down, as the HPACK state will no
+        #: longer be usable.
+        #:
+        #: Defaults to 64kB.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 2.3.0
+        self.max_header_list_size = max_header_list_size
+
+        #: Maximum allowed header table size.
+        #:
+        #: A HTTP/2 implementation should set this to the most recent value of
+        #: SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE that it sent *and has received an ACK
+        #: for*. Once this setting is set, the actual header table size will be
+        #: checked at the end of each decoding run and whenever it is changed,
+        #: to confirm that it fits in this size.
+        self.max_allowed_table_size = self.header_table.maxsize
+
+    @property
+    def header_table_size(self):
+        """
+        Controls the size of the HPACK header table.
+        """
+        return self.header_table.maxsize
+
+    @header_table_size.setter
+    def header_table_size(self, value):
+        self.header_table.maxsize = value
+
+    def decode(self, data, raw=False):
+        """
+        Takes an HPACK-encoded header block and decodes it into a header set.
+
+        :param data: A bytestring representing a complete HPACK-encoded header
+                     block.
+        :param raw: (optional) Whether to return the headers as tuples of raw
+                    byte strings or to decode them as UTF-8 before returning
+                    them. The default value is False, which returns tuples of
+                    Unicode strings
+        :returns: A list of two-tuples of ``(name, value)`` representing the
+                  HPACK-encoded headers, in the order they were decoded.
+        :raises HPACKDecodingError: If an error is encountered while decoding
+                                    the header block.
+        """
+        log.debug("Decoding %s", data)
+
+        data_mem = memoryview(data)
+        headers = []
+        data_len = len(data)
+        inflated_size = 0
+        current_index = 0
+
+        while current_index < data_len:
+            # Work out what kind of header we're decoding.
+            # If the high bit is 1, it's an indexed field.
+            current = data[current_index]
+            indexed = True if current & 0x80 else False
+
+            # Otherwise, if the second-highest bit is 1 it's a field that does
+            # alter the header table.
+            literal_index = True if current & 0x40 else False
+
+            # Otherwise, if the third-highest bit is 1 it's an encoding context
+            # update.
+            encoding_update = True if current & 0x20 else False
+
+            if indexed:
+                header, consumed = self._decode_indexed(
+                    data_mem[current_index:]
+                )
+            elif literal_index:
+                # It's a literal header that does affect the header table.
+                header, consumed = self._decode_literal_index(
+                    data_mem[current_index:]
+                )
+            elif encoding_update:
+                # It's an update to the encoding context. These are forbidden
+                # in a header block after any actual header.
+                if headers:
+                    raise HPACKDecodingError(
+                        "Table size update not at the start of the block"
+                    )
+                consumed = self._update_encoding_context(
+                    data_mem[current_index:]
+                )
+                header = None
+            else:
+                # It's a literal header that does not affect the header table.
+                header, consumed = self._decode_literal_no_index(
+                    data_mem[current_index:]
+                )
+
+            if header:
+                headers.append(header)
+                inflated_size += table_entry_size(*header)
+
+                if inflated_size > self.max_header_list_size:
+                    raise OversizedHeaderListError(
+                        "A header list larger than %d has been received" %
+                        self.max_header_list_size
+                    )
+
+            current_index += consumed
+
+        # Confirm that the table size is lower than the maximum. We do this
+        # here to ensure that we catch when the max has been *shrunk* and the
+        # remote peer hasn't actually done that.
+        self._assert_valid_table_size()
+
+        try:
+            return [_unicode_if_needed(h, raw) for h in headers]
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            raise HPACKDecodingError("Unable to decode headers as UTF-8.")
+
+    def _assert_valid_table_size(self):
+        """
+        Check that the table size set by the encoder is lower than the maximum
+        we expect to have.
+        """
+        if self.header_table_size > self.max_allowed_table_size:
+            raise InvalidTableSizeError(
+                "Encoder did not shrink table size to within the max"
+            )
+
+    def _update_encoding_context(self, data):
+        """
+        Handles a byte that updates the encoding context.
+        """
+        # We've been asked to resize the header table.
+        new_size, consumed = decode_integer(data, 5)
+        if new_size > self.max_allowed_table_size:
+            raise InvalidTableSizeError(
+                "Encoder exceeded max allowable table size"
+            )
+        self.header_table_size = new_size
+        return consumed
+
+    def _decode_indexed(self, data):
+        """
+        Decodes a header represented using the indexed representation.
+        """
+        index, consumed = decode_integer(data, 7)
+        header = HeaderTuple(*self.header_table.get_by_index(index))
+        log.debug("Decoded %s, consumed %d", header, consumed)
+        return header, consumed
+
+    def _decode_literal_no_index(self, data):
+        return self._decode_literal(data, False)
+
+    def _decode_literal_index(self, data):
+        return self._decode_literal(data, True)
+
+    def _decode_literal(self, data, should_index):
+        """
+        Decodes a header represented with a literal.
+        """
+        total_consumed = 0
+
+        # When should_index is true, if the low six bits of the first byte are
+        # nonzero, the header name is indexed.
+        # When should_index is false, if the low four bits of the first byte
+        # are nonzero the header name is indexed.
+        if should_index:
+            indexed_name = data[0] & 0x3F
+            name_len = 6
+            not_indexable = False
+        else:
+            high_byte = data[0]
+            indexed_name = high_byte & 0x0F
+            name_len = 4
+            not_indexable = high_byte & 0x10
+
+        if indexed_name:
+            # Indexed header name.
+            index, consumed = decode_integer(data, name_len)
+            name = self.header_table.get_by_index(index)[0]
+
+            total_consumed = consumed
+            length = 0
+        else:
+            # Literal header name. The first byte was consumed, so we need to
+            # move forward.
+            data = data[1:]
+
+            length, consumed = decode_integer(data, 7)
+            name = data[consumed:consumed + length]
+            if len(name) != length:
+                raise HPACKDecodingError("Truncated header block")
+
+            if data[0] & 0x80:
+                name = decode_huffman(name)
+            total_consumed = consumed + length + 1  # Since we moved forward 1.
+
+        data = data[consumed + length:]
+
+        # The header value is definitely length-based.
+        length, consumed = decode_integer(data, 7)
+        value = data[consumed:consumed + length]
+        if len(value) != length:
+            raise HPACKDecodingError("Truncated header block")
+
+        if data[0] & 0x80:
+            value = decode_huffman(value)
+
+        # Updated the total consumed length.
+        total_consumed += length + consumed
+
+        # If we have been told never to index the header field, encode that in
+        # the tuple we use.
+        if not_indexable:
+            header = NeverIndexedHeaderTuple(name, value)
+        else:
+            header = HeaderTuple(name, value)
+
+        # If we've been asked to index this, add it to the header table.
+        if should_index:
+            self.header_table.add(name, value)
+
+        log.debug(
+            "Decoded %s, total consumed %d bytes, indexed %s",
+            header,
+            total_consumed,
+            should_index
+        )
+
+        return header, total_consumed
diff --git a/packages/hpack/huffman.py b/packages/hpack/huffman.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..595d69b6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hpack/huffman.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hpack/huffman_decoder
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+An implementation of a bitwise prefix tree specially built for decoding
+Huffman-coded content where we already know the Huffman table.
+"""
+
+
+class HuffmanEncoder:
+    """
+    Encodes a string according to the Huffman encoding table defined in the
+    HPACK specification.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, huffman_code_list, huffman_code_list_lengths):
+        self.huffman_code_list = huffman_code_list
+        self.huffman_code_list_lengths = huffman_code_list_lengths
+
+    def encode(self, bytes_to_encode):
+        """
+        Given a string of bytes, encodes them according to the HPACK Huffman
+        specification.
+        """
+        # If handed the empty string, just immediately return.
+        if not bytes_to_encode:
+            return b''
+
+        final_num = 0
+        final_int_len = 0
+
+        # Turn each byte into its huffman code. These codes aren't necessarily
+        # octet aligned, so keep track of how far through an octet we are. To
+        # handle this cleanly, just use a single giant integer.
+        for byte in bytes_to_encode:
+            bin_int_len = self.huffman_code_list_lengths[byte]
+            bin_int = self.huffman_code_list[byte] & (
+                2 ** (bin_int_len + 1) - 1
+            )
+            final_num <<= bin_int_len
+            final_num |= bin_int
+            final_int_len += bin_int_len
+
+        # Pad out to an octet with ones.
+        bits_to_be_padded = (8 - (final_int_len % 8)) % 8
+        final_num <<= bits_to_be_padded
+        final_num |= (1 << bits_to_be_padded) - 1
+
+        # Convert the number to hex and strip off the leading '0x' and the
+        # trailing 'L', if present.
+        final_num = hex(final_num)[2:].rstrip('L')
+
+        # If this is odd, prepend a zero.
+        final_num = '0' + final_num if len(final_num) % 2 != 0 else final_num
+
+        # This number should have twice as many digits as bytes. If not, we're
+        # missing some leading zeroes. Work out how many bytes we want and how
+        # many digits we have, then add the missing zero digits to the front.
+        total_bytes = (final_int_len + bits_to_be_padded) // 8
+        expected_digits = total_bytes * 2
+
+        if len(final_num) != expected_digits:
+            missing_digits = expected_digits - len(final_num)
+            final_num = ('0' * missing_digits) + final_num
+
+        return bytes.fromhex(final_num)
diff --git a/packages/hpack/huffman_constants.py b/packages/hpack/huffman_constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4caf012d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hpack/huffman_constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hpack/huffman_constants
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Defines the constant Huffman table. This takes up an upsetting amount of space,
+but c'est la vie.
+"""
+# flake8: noqa
+
+REQUEST_CODES = [
+    0x1ff8,
+    0x7fffd8,
+    0xfffffe2,
+    0xfffffe3,
+    0xfffffe4,
+    0xfffffe5,
+    0xfffffe6,
+    0xfffffe7,
+    0xfffffe8,
+    0xffffea,
+    0x3ffffffc,
+    0xfffffe9,
+    0xfffffea,
+    0x3ffffffd,
+    0xfffffeb,
+    0xfffffec,
+    0xfffffed,
+    0xfffffee,
+    0xfffffef,
+    0xffffff0,
+    0xffffff1,
+    0xffffff2,
+    0x3ffffffe,
+    0xffffff3,
+    0xffffff4,
+    0xffffff5,
+    0xffffff6,
+    0xffffff7,
+    0xffffff8,
+    0xffffff9,
+    0xffffffa,
+    0xffffffb,
+    0x14,
+    0x3f8,
+    0x3f9,
+    0xffa,
+    0x1ff9,
+    0x15,
+    0xf8,
+    0x7fa,
+    0x3fa,
+    0x3fb,
+    0xf9,
+    0x7fb,
+    0xfa,
+    0x16,
+    0x17,
+    0x18,
+    0x0,
+    0x1,
+    0x2,
+    0x19,
+    0x1a,
+    0x1b,
+    0x1c,
+    0x1d,
+    0x1e,
+    0x1f,
+    0x5c,
+    0xfb,
+    0x7ffc,
+    0x20,
+    0xffb,
+    0x3fc,
+    0x1ffa,
+    0x21,
+    0x5d,
+    0x5e,
+    0x5f,
+    0x60,
+    0x61,
+    0x62,
+    0x63,
+    0x64,
+    0x65,
+    0x66,
+    0x67,
+    0x68,
+    0x69,
+    0x6a,
+    0x6b,
+    0x6c,
+    0x6d,
+    0x6e,
+    0x6f,
+    0x70,
+    0x71,
+    0x72,
+    0xfc,
+    0x73,
+    0xfd,
+    0x1ffb,
+    0x7fff0,
+    0x1ffc,
+    0x3ffc,
+    0x22,
+    0x7ffd,
+    0x3,
+    0x23,
+    0x4,
+    0x24,
+    0x5,
+    0x25,
+    0x26,
+    0x27,
+    0x6,
+    0x74,
+    0x75,
+    0x28,
+    0x29,
+    0x2a,
+    0x7,
+    0x2b,
+    0x76,
+    0x2c,
+    0x8,
+    0x9,
+    0x2d,
+    0x77,
+    0x78,
+    0x79,
+    0x7a,
+    0x7b,
+    0x7ffe,
+    0x7fc,
+    0x3ffd,
+    0x1ffd,
+    0xffffffc,
+    0xfffe6,
+    0x3fffd2,
+    0xfffe7,
+    0xfffe8,
+    0x3fffd3,
+    0x3fffd4,
+    0x3fffd5,
+    0x7fffd9,
+    0x3fffd6,
+    0x7fffda,
+    0x7fffdb,
+    0x7fffdc,
+    0x7fffdd,
+    0x7fffde,
+    0xffffeb,
+    0x7fffdf,
+    0xffffec,
+    0xffffed,
+    0x3fffd7,
+    0x7fffe0,
+    0xffffee,
+    0x7fffe1,
+    0x7fffe2,
+    0x7fffe3,
+    0x7fffe4,
+    0x1fffdc,
+    0x3fffd8,
+    0x7fffe5,
+    0x3fffd9,
+    0x7fffe6,
+    0x7fffe7,
+    0xffffef,
+    0x3fffda,
+    0x1fffdd,
+    0xfffe9,
+    0x3fffdb,
+    0x3fffdc,
+    0x7fffe8,
+    0x7fffe9,
+    0x1fffde,
+    0x7fffea,
+    0x3fffdd,
+    0x3fffde,
+    0xfffff0,
+    0x1fffdf,
+    0x3fffdf,
+    0x7fffeb,
+    0x7fffec,
+    0x1fffe0,
+    0x1fffe1,
+    0x3fffe0,
+    0x1fffe2,
+    0x7fffed,
+    0x3fffe1,
+    0x7fffee,
+    0x7fffef,
+    0xfffea,
+    0x3fffe2,
+    0x3fffe3,
+    0x3fffe4,
+    0x7ffff0,
+    0x3fffe5,
+    0x3fffe6,
+    0x7ffff1,
+    0x3ffffe0,
+    0x3ffffe1,
+    0xfffeb,
+    0x7fff1,
+    0x3fffe7,
+    0x7ffff2,
+    0x3fffe8,
+    0x1ffffec,
+    0x3ffffe2,
+    0x3ffffe3,
+    0x3ffffe4,
+    0x7ffffde,
+    0x7ffffdf,
+    0x3ffffe5,
+    0xfffff1,
+    0x1ffffed,
+    0x7fff2,
+    0x1fffe3,
+    0x3ffffe6,
+    0x7ffffe0,
+    0x7ffffe1,
+    0x3ffffe7,
+    0x7ffffe2,
+    0xfffff2,
+    0x1fffe4,
+    0x1fffe5,
+    0x3ffffe8,
+    0x3ffffe9,
+    0xffffffd,
+    0x7ffffe3,
+    0x7ffffe4,
+    0x7ffffe5,
+    0xfffec,
+    0xfffff3,
+    0xfffed,
+    0x1fffe6,
+    0x3fffe9,
+    0x1fffe7,
+    0x1fffe8,
+    0x7ffff3,
+    0x3fffea,
+    0x3fffeb,
+    0x1ffffee,
+    0x1ffffef,
+    0xfffff4,
+    0xfffff5,
+    0x3ffffea,
+    0x7ffff4,
+    0x3ffffeb,
+    0x7ffffe6,
+    0x3ffffec,
+    0x3ffffed,
+    0x7ffffe7,
+    0x7ffffe8,
+    0x7ffffe9,
+    0x7ffffea,
+    0x7ffffeb,
+    0xffffffe,
+    0x7ffffec,
+    0x7ffffed,
+    0x7ffffee,
+    0x7ffffef,
+    0x7fffff0,
+    0x3ffffee,
+    0x3fffffff,
+]
+
+REQUEST_CODES_LENGTH = [
+    13, 23, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 24, 30, 28, 28, 30, 28, 28,
+    28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 30, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28,
+     6, 10, 10, 12, 13,  6,  8, 11, 10, 10,  8, 11,  8,  6,  6,  6,
+     5,  5,  5,  6,  6,  6,  6,  6,  6,  6,  7,  8, 15,  6, 12, 10,
+    13,  6,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,
+     7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  8,  7,  8, 13, 19, 13, 14,  6,
+    15,  5,  6,  5,  6,  5,  6,  6,  6,  5,  7,  7,  6,  6,  6,  5,
+     6,  7,  6,  5,  5,  6,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7, 15, 11, 14, 13, 28,
+    20, 22, 20, 20, 22, 22, 22, 23, 22, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 24, 23,
+    24, 24, 22, 23, 24, 23, 23, 23, 23, 21, 22, 23, 22, 23, 23, 24,
+    22, 21, 20, 22, 22, 23, 23, 21, 23, 22, 22, 24, 21, 22, 23, 23,
+    21, 21, 22, 21, 23, 22, 23, 23, 20, 22, 22, 22, 23, 22, 22, 23,
+    26, 26, 20, 19, 22, 23, 22, 25, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 26, 24, 25,
+    19, 21, 26, 27, 27, 26, 27, 24, 21, 21, 26, 26, 28, 27, 27, 27,
+    20, 24, 20, 21, 22, 21, 21, 23, 22, 22, 25, 25, 24, 24, 26, 23,
+    26, 27, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 28, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 26,
+    30,
+]
diff --git a/packages/hpack/huffman_table.py b/packages/hpack/huffman_table.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c199ef5a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hpack/huffman_table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4739 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hpack/huffman_table
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This implementation of a Huffman decoding table for HTTP/2 is essentially a
+Python port of the work originally done for nghttp2's Huffman decoding. For
+this reason, while this file is made available under the MIT license as is the
+rest of this module, this file is undoubtedly a derivative work of the nghttp2
+file ``nghttp2_hd_huffman_data.c``, obtained from
+https://github.com/tatsuhiro-t/nghttp2/ at commit
+d2b55ad1a245e1d1964579fa3fac36ebf3939e72. That work is made available under
+the Apache 2.0 license under the following terms:
+
+    Copyright (c) 2013 Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+    a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+    "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+    without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+    distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+    permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+    the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+    included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+    EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+    MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+    NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+    LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+    OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+    WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+The essence of this approach is that it builds a finite state machine out of
+4-bit nibbles of Huffman coded data. The input function passes 4 bits worth of
+data to the state machine each time, which uses those 4 bits of data along with
+the current accumulated state data to process the data given.
+
+For the sake of efficiency, the in-memory representation of the states,
+transitions, and result values of the state machine are represented as a long
+list containing three-tuples. This list is enormously long, and viewing it as
+an in-memory representation is not very clear, but it is laid out here in a way
+that is intended to be *somewhat* more clear.
+
+Essentially, the list is structured as 256 collections of 16 entries (one for
+each nibble) of three-tuples. Each collection is called a "node", and the
+zeroth collection is called the "root node". The state machine tracks one
+value: the "state" byte.
+
+For each nibble passed to the state machine, it first multiplies the "state"
+byte by 16 and adds the numerical value of the nibble. This number is the index
+into the large flat list.
+
+The three-tuple that is found by looking up that index consists of three
+values:
+
+- a new state value, used for subsequent decoding
+- a collection of flags, used to determine whether data is emitted or whether
+  the state machine is complete.
+- the byte value to emit, assuming that emitting a byte is required.
+
+The flags are consulted, if necessary a byte is emitted, and then the next
+nibble is used. This continues until the state machine believes it has
+completely Huffman-decoded the data.
+
+This approach has relatively little indirection, and therefore performs
+relatively well, particularly on implementations like PyPy where the cost of
+loops at the Python-level is not too expensive. The total number of loop
+iterations is 4x the number of bytes passed to the decoder.
+"""
+from .exceptions import HPACKDecodingError
+
+
+# This defines the state machine "class" at the top of the file. The reason we
+# do this is to keep the terrifing monster state table at the *bottom* of the
+# file so you don't have to actually *look* at the damn thing.
+def decode_huffman(huffman_string):
+    """
+    Given a bytestring of Huffman-encoded data for HPACK, returns a bytestring
+    of the decompressed data.
+    """
+    if not huffman_string:
+        return b''
+
+    state = 0
+    flags = 0
+    decoded_bytes = bytearray()
+
+    # Perversely, bytearrays are a lot more convenient across Python 2 and
+    # Python 3 because they behave *the same way* on both platforms. Given that
+    # we really do want numerical bytes when we iterate here, let's use a
+    # bytearray.
+    huffman_string = bytearray(huffman_string)
+
+    # This loop is unrolled somewhat. Because we use a nibble, not a byte, we
+    # need to handle each nibble twice. We unroll that: it makes the loop body
+    # a bit longer, but that's ok.
+    for input_byte in huffman_string:
+        index = (state * 16) + (input_byte >> 4)
+        state, flags, output_byte = HUFFMAN_TABLE[index]
+
+        if flags & HUFFMAN_FAIL:
+            raise HPACKDecodingError("Invalid Huffman String")
+
+        if flags & HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL:
+            decoded_bytes.append(output_byte)
+
+        index = (state * 16) + (input_byte & 0x0F)
+        state, flags, output_byte = HUFFMAN_TABLE[index]
+
+        if flags & HUFFMAN_FAIL:
+            raise HPACKDecodingError("Invalid Huffman String")
+
+        if flags & HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL:
+            decoded_bytes.append(output_byte)
+
+    if not (flags & HUFFMAN_COMPLETE):
+        raise HPACKDecodingError("Incomplete Huffman string")
+
+    return bytes(decoded_bytes)
+
+
+# Some decoder flags to control state transitions.
+HUFFMAN_COMPLETE = 1
+HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL = (1 << 1)
+HUFFMAN_FAIL = (1 << 2)
+
+# This is the monster table. Avert your eyes, children.
+HUFFMAN_TABLE = [
+    # Node 0 (Root Node, never emits symbols.)
+    (4, 0, 0),
+    (5, 0, 0),
+    (7, 0, 0),
+    (8, 0, 0),
+    (11, 0, 0),
+    (12, 0, 0),
+    (16, 0, 0),
+    (19, 0, 0),
+    (25, 0, 0),
+    (28, 0, 0),
+    (32, 0, 0),
+    (35, 0, 0),
+    (42, 0, 0),
+    (49, 0, 0),
+    (57, 0, 0),
+    (64, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE, 0),
+
+    # Node 1
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (13, 0, 0),
+    (14, 0, 0),
+    (17, 0, 0),
+    (18, 0, 0),
+    (20, 0, 0),
+    (21, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 2
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+
+    # Node 3
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+
+    # Node 4
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 48),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 49),
+
+    # Node 5
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 50),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 97),
+
+    # Node 6
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+
+    # Node 7
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 99),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 101),
+
+    # Node 8
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 105),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 111),
+
+    # Node 9
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+
+    # Node 10
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+
+    # Node 11
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 115),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 116),
+
+    # Node 12
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+
+    # Node 13
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 32),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 37),
+
+    # Node 14
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 45),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 46),
+
+    # Node 15
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+
+    # Node 16
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+
+    # Node 17
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 47),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 51),
+
+    # Node 18
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 52),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 53),
+
+    # Node 19
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+
+    # Node 20
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 54),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 55),
+
+    # Node 21
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 56),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 57),
+
+    # Node 22
+    (26, 0, 0),
+    (27, 0, 0),
+    (29, 0, 0),
+    (30, 0, 0),
+    (33, 0, 0),
+    (34, 0, 0),
+    (36, 0, 0),
+    (37, 0, 0),
+    (43, 0, 0),
+    (46, 0, 0),
+    (50, 0, 0),
+    (53, 0, 0),
+    (58, 0, 0),
+    (61, 0, 0),
+    (65, 0, 0),
+    (68, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE, 0),
+
+    # Node 23
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (38, 0, 0),
+    (39, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 24
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+
+    # Node 25
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+
+    # Node 26
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 61),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 65),
+
+    # Node 27
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 95),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 98),
+
+    # Node 28
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+
+    # Node 29
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 100),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 102),
+
+    # Node 30
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 103),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 104),
+
+    # Node 31
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+
+    # Node 32
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+
+    # Node 33
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 108),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 109),
+
+    # Node 34
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 110),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 112),
+
+    # Node 35
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+
+    # Node 36
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 114),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 117),
+
+    # Node 37
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+
+    # Node 38
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 58),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 66),
+
+    # Node 39
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 67),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 68),
+
+    # Node 40
+    (44, 0, 0),
+    (45, 0, 0),
+    (47, 0, 0),
+    (48, 0, 0),
+    (51, 0, 0),
+    (52, 0, 0),
+    (54, 0, 0),
+    (55, 0, 0),
+    (59, 0, 0),
+    (60, 0, 0),
+    (62, 0, 0),
+    (63, 0, 0),
+    (66, 0, 0),
+    (67, 0, 0),
+    (69, 0, 0),
+    (72, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE, 0),
+
+    # Node 41
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+
+    # Node 42
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+
+    # Node 43
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+
+    # Node 44
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 69),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 70),
+
+    # Node 45
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 71),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 72),
+
+    # Node 46
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+
+    # Node 47
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 73),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 74),
+
+    # Node 48
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 75),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 76),
+
+    # Node 49
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+
+    # Node 50
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+
+    # Node 51
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 77),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 78),
+
+    # Node 52
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 79),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 80),
+
+    # Node 53
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+
+    # Node 54
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 81),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 82),
+
+    # Node 55
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 83),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 84),
+
+    # Node 56
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (70, 0, 0),
+    (71, 0, 0),
+    (73, 0, 0),
+    (74, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE, 0),
+
+    # Node 57
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+
+    # Node 58
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+
+    # Node 59
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 85),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 86),
+
+    # Node 60
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 87),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 89),
+
+    # Node 61
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+
+    # Node 62
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 106),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 107),
+
+    # Node 63
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 113),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 118),
+
+    # Node 64
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (75, 0, 0),
+    (78, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 65
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+
+    # Node 66
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 119),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 120),
+
+    # Node 67
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 121),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 122),
+
+    # Node 68
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (76, 0, 0),
+    (77, 0, 0),
+    (79, 0, 0),
+    (81, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 69
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+
+    # Node 70
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 38),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 42),
+
+    # Node 71
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 44),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 59),
+
+    # Node 72
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (80, 0, 0),
+    (82, 0, 0),
+    (84, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 73
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 88),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 90),
+
+    # Node 74
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (83, 0, 0),
+    (85, 0, 0),
+    (88, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 75
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+
+    # Node 76
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 33),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 34),
+
+    # Node 77
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 40),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 41),
+
+    # Node 78
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (86, 0, 0),
+    (87, 0, 0),
+    (89, 0, 0),
+    (90, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 79
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 63),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+
+    # Node 80
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 39),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 43),
+
+    # Node 81
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (91, 0, 0),
+    (92, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 82
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 124),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+
+    # Node 83
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 35),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 62),
+
+    # Node 84
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (93, 0, 0),
+    (94, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 85
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+
+    # Node 86
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 0),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 36),
+
+    # Node 87
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 64),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 91),
+
+    # Node 88
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (95, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 89
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 93),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 126),
+
+    # Node 90
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (96, 0, 0),
+    (110, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 91
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 94),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 125),
+
+    # Node 92
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (97, 0, 0),
+    (101, 0, 0),
+    (111, 0, 0),
+    (133, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 93
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 60),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 96),
+
+    # Node 94
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 123),
+    (98, 0, 0),
+    (99, 0, 0),
+    (102, 0, 0),
+    (105, 0, 0),
+    (112, 0, 0),
+    (119, 0, 0),
+    (134, 0, 0),
+    (153, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 95
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (100, 0, 0),
+    (103, 0, 0),
+    (104, 0, 0),
+    (106, 0, 0),
+    (107, 0, 0),
+    (113, 0, 0),
+    (116, 0, 0),
+    (120, 0, 0),
+    (126, 0, 0),
+    (135, 0, 0),
+    (142, 0, 0),
+    (154, 0, 0),
+    (169, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 96
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (108, 0, 0),
+    (109, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 97
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+
+    # Node 98
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 92),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 195),
+
+    # Node 99
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 208),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+
+    # Node 100
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 128),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 130),
+
+    # Node 101
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+
+    # Node 102
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+
+    # Node 103
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 131),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 162),
+
+    # Node 104
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 184),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 194),
+
+    # Node 105
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+
+    # Node 106
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 224),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 226),
+
+    # Node 107
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+
+    # Node 108
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 153),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 161),
+
+    # Node 109
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 167),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 172),
+
+    # Node 110
+    (114, 0, 0),
+    (115, 0, 0),
+    (117, 0, 0),
+    (118, 0, 0),
+    (121, 0, 0),
+    (123, 0, 0),
+    (127, 0, 0),
+    (130, 0, 0),
+    (136, 0, 0),
+    (139, 0, 0),
+    (143, 0, 0),
+    (146, 0, 0),
+    (155, 0, 0),
+    (162, 0, 0),
+    (170, 0, 0),
+    (180, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 111
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (122, 0, 0),
+    (124, 0, 0),
+    (125, 0, 0),
+    (128, 0, 0),
+    (129, 0, 0),
+    (131, 0, 0),
+    (132, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 112
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+
+    # Node 113
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+
+    # Node 114
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 176),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 177),
+
+    # Node 115
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 179),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 209),
+
+    # Node 116
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+
+    # Node 117
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 216),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 217),
+
+    # Node 118
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 227),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 229),
+
+    # Node 119
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+
+    # Node 120
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+
+    # Node 121
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 230),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+
+    # Node 122
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 129),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 132),
+
+    # Node 123
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+
+    # Node 124
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 133),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 134),
+
+    # Node 125
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 136),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 146),
+
+    # Node 126
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+
+    # Node 127
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+
+    # Node 128
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 154),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 156),
+
+    # Node 129
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 160),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 163),
+
+    # Node 130
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+
+    # Node 131
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 164),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 169),
+
+    # Node 132
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 170),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 173),
+
+    # Node 133
+    (137, 0, 0),
+    (138, 0, 0),
+    (140, 0, 0),
+    (141, 0, 0),
+    (144, 0, 0),
+    (145, 0, 0),
+    (147, 0, 0),
+    (150, 0, 0),
+    (156, 0, 0),
+    (159, 0, 0),
+    (163, 0, 0),
+    (166, 0, 0),
+    (171, 0, 0),
+    (174, 0, 0),
+    (181, 0, 0),
+    (190, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 134
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (148, 0, 0),
+    (149, 0, 0),
+    (151, 0, 0),
+    (152, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 135
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+
+    # Node 136
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+
+    # Node 137
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 178),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 181),
+
+    # Node 138
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 185),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 186),
+
+    # Node 139
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+
+    # Node 140
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 187),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 189),
+
+    # Node 141
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 190),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 196),
+
+    # Node 142
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+
+    # Node 143
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+
+    # Node 144
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 198),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 228),
+
+    # Node 145
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 232),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 233),
+
+    # Node 146
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+
+    # Node 147
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+
+    # Node 148
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 1),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 135),
+
+    # Node 149
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 137),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 138),
+
+    # Node 150
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+
+    # Node 151
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 139),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 140),
+
+    # Node 152
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 141),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 143),
+
+    # Node 153
+    (157, 0, 0),
+    (158, 0, 0),
+    (160, 0, 0),
+    (161, 0, 0),
+    (164, 0, 0),
+    (165, 0, 0),
+    (167, 0, 0),
+    (168, 0, 0),
+    (172, 0, 0),
+    (173, 0, 0),
+    (175, 0, 0),
+    (177, 0, 0),
+    (182, 0, 0),
+    (185, 0, 0),
+    (191, 0, 0),
+    (207, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 154
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+
+    # Node 155
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+
+    # Node 156
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+
+    # Node 157
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 147),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 149),
+
+    # Node 158
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 150),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 151),
+
+    # Node 159
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+
+    # Node 160
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 152),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 155),
+
+    # Node 161
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 157),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 158),
+
+    # Node 162
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+
+    # Node 163
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+
+    # Node 164
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 165),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 166),
+
+    # Node 165
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 168),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 174),
+
+    # Node 166
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+
+    # Node 167
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 175),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 180),
+
+    # Node 168
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 182),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 183),
+
+    # Node 169
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (176, 0, 0),
+    (178, 0, 0),
+    (179, 0, 0),
+    (183, 0, 0),
+    (184, 0, 0),
+    (186, 0, 0),
+    (187, 0, 0),
+    (192, 0, 0),
+    (199, 0, 0),
+    (208, 0, 0),
+    (223, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 170
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+
+    # Node 171
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+
+    # Node 172
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 188),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 191),
+
+    # Node 173
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 197),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 231),
+
+    # Node 174
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+
+    # Node 175
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 239),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+
+    # Node 176
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 9),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 142),
+
+    # Node 177
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+
+    # Node 178
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 144),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 145),
+
+    # Node 179
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 148),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 159),
+
+    # Node 180
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (188, 0, 0),
+    (189, 0, 0),
+    (193, 0, 0),
+    (196, 0, 0),
+    (200, 0, 0),
+    (203, 0, 0),
+    (209, 0, 0),
+    (216, 0, 0),
+    (224, 0, 0),
+    (238, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 181
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+
+    # Node 182
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+
+    # Node 183
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 171),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 206),
+
+    # Node 184
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 215),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 225),
+
+    # Node 185
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+
+    # Node 186
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 236),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 237),
+
+    # Node 187
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+
+    # Node 188
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 199),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 207),
+
+    # Node 189
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 234),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 235),
+
+    # Node 190
+    (194, 0, 0),
+    (195, 0, 0),
+    (197, 0, 0),
+    (198, 0, 0),
+    (201, 0, 0),
+    (202, 0, 0),
+    (204, 0, 0),
+    (205, 0, 0),
+    (210, 0, 0),
+    (213, 0, 0),
+    (217, 0, 0),
+    (220, 0, 0),
+    (225, 0, 0),
+    (231, 0, 0),
+    (239, 0, 0),
+    (246, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 191
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (206, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 192
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+
+    # Node 193
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+
+    # Node 194
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 192),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 193),
+
+    # Node 195
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 200),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 201),
+
+    # Node 196
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+
+    # Node 197
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 202),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 205),
+
+    # Node 198
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 210),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 213),
+
+    # Node 199
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+
+    # Node 200
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+
+    # Node 201
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 218),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 219),
+
+    # Node 202
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 238),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 240),
+
+    # Node 203
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+
+    # Node 204
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 242),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 243),
+
+    # Node 205
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 255),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+
+    # Node 206
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 203),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 204),
+
+    # Node 207
+    (211, 0, 0),
+    (212, 0, 0),
+    (214, 0, 0),
+    (215, 0, 0),
+    (218, 0, 0),
+    (219, 0, 0),
+    (221, 0, 0),
+    (222, 0, 0),
+    (226, 0, 0),
+    (228, 0, 0),
+    (232, 0, 0),
+    (235, 0, 0),
+    (240, 0, 0),
+    (243, 0, 0),
+    (247, 0, 0),
+    (250, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 208
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+
+    # Node 209
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+
+    # Node 210
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+
+    # Node 211
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 211),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 212),
+
+    # Node 212
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 214),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 221),
+
+    # Node 213
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+
+    # Node 214
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 222),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 223),
+
+    # Node 215
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 241),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 244),
+
+    # Node 216
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+
+    # Node 217
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+
+    # Node 218
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 245),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 246),
+
+    # Node 219
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 247),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 248),
+
+    # Node 220
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+
+    # Node 221
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 250),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 251),
+
+    # Node 222
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 252),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 253),
+
+    # Node 223
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (227, 0, 0),
+    (229, 0, 0),
+    (230, 0, 0),
+    (233, 0, 0),
+    (234, 0, 0),
+    (236, 0, 0),
+    (237, 0, 0),
+    (241, 0, 0),
+    (242, 0, 0),
+    (244, 0, 0),
+    (245, 0, 0),
+    (248, 0, 0),
+    (249, 0, 0),
+    (251, 0, 0),
+    (252, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 224
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+
+    # Node 225
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+
+    # Node 226
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 254),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+
+    # Node 227
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 2),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 3),
+
+    # Node 228
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+
+    # Node 229
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 4),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 5),
+
+    # Node 230
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 6),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 7),
+
+    # Node 231
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+
+    # Node 232
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+
+    # Node 233
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 8),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 11),
+
+    # Node 234
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 12),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 14),
+
+    # Node 235
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+
+    # Node 236
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 15),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 16),
+
+    # Node 237
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 17),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 18),
+
+    # Node 238
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (253, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 239
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+
+    # Node 240
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+
+    # Node 241
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 19),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 20),
+
+    # Node 242
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 21),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 23),
+
+    # Node 243
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+
+    # Node 244
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 24),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 25),
+
+    # Node 245
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 26),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 27),
+
+    # Node 246
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (254, 0, 0),
+    (255, 0, 0),
+
+    # Node 247
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+
+    # Node 248
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 28),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 29),
+
+    # Node 249
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 30),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 31),
+
+    # Node 250
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+
+    # Node 251
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 127),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 220),
+
+    # Node 252
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 249),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (1, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (22, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+
+    # Node 253
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (2, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (9, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (23, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (40, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+
+    # Node 254
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 10),
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 13),
+
+    # Node 255
+    (3, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (6, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (10, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (15, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (24, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (31, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (41, HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (56, HUFFMAN_COMPLETE | HUFFMAN_EMIT_SYMBOL, 22),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+    (0, HUFFMAN_FAIL, 0),
+]
diff --git a/packages/hpack/struct.py b/packages/hpack/struct.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcab92956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hpack/struct.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hpack/struct
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Contains structures for representing header fields with associated metadata.
+"""
+
+
+class HeaderTuple(tuple):
+    """
+    A data structure that stores a single header field.
+
+    HTTP headers can be thought of as tuples of ``(field name, field value)``.
+    A single header block is a sequence of such tuples.
+
+    In HTTP/2, however, certain bits of additional information are required for
+    compressing these headers: in particular, whether the header field can be
+    safely added to the HPACK compression context.
+
+    This class stores a header that can be added to the compression context. In
+    all other ways it behaves exactly like a tuple.
+    """
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    indexable = True
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args):
+        return tuple.__new__(cls, args)
+
+
+class NeverIndexedHeaderTuple(HeaderTuple):
+    """
+    A data structure that stores a single header field that cannot be added to
+    a HTTP/2 header compression context.
+    """
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    indexable = False
diff --git a/packages/hpack/table.py b/packages/hpack/table.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b656f32a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hpack/table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# flake8: noqa
+from collections import deque
+import logging
+
+from .exceptions import InvalidTableIndex
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def table_entry_size(name, value):
+    """
+    Calculates the size of a single entry
+
+    This size is mostly irrelevant to us and defined
+    specifically to accommodate memory management for
+    lower level implementations. The 32 extra bytes are
+    considered the "maximum" overhead that would be
+    required to represent each entry in the table.
+
+    See RFC7541 Section 4.1
+    """
+    return 32 + len(name) + len(value)
+
+
+class HeaderTable:
+    """
+    Implements the combined static and dynamic header table
+
+    The name and value arguments for all the functions
+    should ONLY be byte strings (b'') however this is not
+    strictly enforced in the interface.
+
+    See RFC7541 Section 2.3
+    """
+    #: Default maximum size of the dynamic table. See
+    #:  RFC7540 Section 6.5.2.
+    DEFAULT_SIZE = 4096
+
+    #: Constant list of static headers. See RFC7541 Section
+    #:  2.3.1 and Appendix A
+    STATIC_TABLE = (
+        (b':authority'                  , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b':method'                     , b'GET'          ),  # noqa
+        (b':method'                     , b'POST'         ),  # noqa
+        (b':path'                       , b'/'            ),  # noqa
+        (b':path'                       , b'/index.html'  ),  # noqa
+        (b':scheme'                     , b'http'         ),  # noqa
+        (b':scheme'                     , b'https'        ),  # noqa
+        (b':status'                     , b'200'          ),  # noqa
+        (b':status'                     , b'204'          ),  # noqa
+        (b':status'                     , b'206'          ),  # noqa
+        (b':status'                     , b'304'          ),  # noqa
+        (b':status'                     , b'400'          ),  # noqa
+        (b':status'                     , b'404'          ),  # noqa
+        (b':status'                     , b'500'          ),  # noqa
+        (b'accept-charset'              , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'accept-encoding'             , b'gzip, deflate'),  # noqa
+        (b'accept-language'             , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'accept-ranges'               , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'accept'                      , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'access-control-allow-origin' , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'age'                         , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'allow'                       , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'authorization'               , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'cache-control'               , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'content-disposition'         , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'content-encoding'            , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'content-language'            , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'content-length'              , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'content-location'            , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'content-range'               , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'content-type'                , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'cookie'                      , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'date'                        , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'etag'                        , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'expect'                      , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'expires'                     , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'from'                        , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'host'                        , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'if-match'                    , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'if-modified-since'           , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'if-none-match'               , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'if-range'                    , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'if-unmodified-since'         , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'last-modified'               , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'link'                        , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'location'                    , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'max-forwards'                , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'proxy-authenticate'          , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'proxy-authorization'         , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'range'                       , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'referer'                     , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'refresh'                     , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'retry-after'                 , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'server'                      , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'set-cookie'                  , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'strict-transport-security'   , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'transfer-encoding'           , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'user-agent'                  , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'vary'                        , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'via'                         , b''             ),  # noqa
+        (b'www-authenticate'            , b''             ),  # noqa
+    )  # noqa
+
+    STATIC_TABLE_LENGTH = len(STATIC_TABLE)
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._maxsize = HeaderTable.DEFAULT_SIZE
+        self._current_size = 0
+        self.resized = False
+        self.dynamic_entries = deque()
+
+    def get_by_index(self, index):
+        """
+        Returns the entry specified by index
+
+        Note that the table is 1-based ie an index of 0 is
+        invalid.  This is due to the fact that a zero value
+        index signals that a completely unindexed header
+        follows.
+
+        The entry will either be from the static table or
+        the dynamic table depending on the value of index.
+        """
+        original_index = index
+        index -= 1
+        if 0 <= index:
+            if index < HeaderTable.STATIC_TABLE_LENGTH:
+                return HeaderTable.STATIC_TABLE[index]
+
+            index -= HeaderTable.STATIC_TABLE_LENGTH
+            if index < len(self.dynamic_entries):
+                return self.dynamic_entries[index]
+
+        raise InvalidTableIndex("Invalid table index %d" % original_index)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "HeaderTable(%d, %s, %r)" % (
+            self._maxsize,
+            self.resized,
+            self.dynamic_entries
+        )
+
+    def add(self, name, value):
+        """
+        Adds a new entry to the table
+
+        We reduce the table size if the entry will make the
+        table size greater than maxsize.
+        """
+        # We just clear the table if the entry is too big
+        size = table_entry_size(name, value)
+        if size > self._maxsize:
+            self.dynamic_entries.clear()
+            self._current_size = 0
+        else:
+            # Add new entry
+            self.dynamic_entries.appendleft((name, value))
+            self._current_size += size
+            self._shrink()
+
+    def search(self, name, value):
+        """
+        Searches the table for the entry specified by name
+        and value
+
+        Returns one of the following:
+            - ``None``, no match at all
+            - ``(index, name, None)`` for partial matches on name only.
+            - ``(index, name, value)`` for perfect matches.
+        """
+        partial = None
+
+        header_name_search_result = HeaderTable.STATIC_TABLE_MAPPING.get(name)
+        if header_name_search_result:
+            index = header_name_search_result[1].get(value)
+            if index is not None:
+                return index, name, value
+            else:
+                partial = (header_name_search_result[0], name, None)
+
+        offset = HeaderTable.STATIC_TABLE_LENGTH + 1
+        for (i, (n, v)) in enumerate(self.dynamic_entries):
+            if n == name:
+                if v == value:
+                    return i + offset, n, v
+                elif partial is None:
+                    partial = (i + offset, n, None)
+        return partial
+
+    @property
+    def maxsize(self):
+        return self._maxsize
+
+    @maxsize.setter
+    def maxsize(self, newmax):
+        newmax = int(newmax)
+        log.debug("Resizing header table to %d from %d", newmax, self._maxsize)
+        oldmax = self._maxsize
+        self._maxsize = newmax
+        self.resized = (newmax != oldmax)
+        if newmax <= 0:
+            self.dynamic_entries.clear()
+            self._current_size = 0
+        elif oldmax > newmax:
+            self._shrink()
+
+    def _shrink(self):
+        """
+        Shrinks the dynamic table to be at or below maxsize
+        """
+        cursize = self._current_size
+        while cursize > self._maxsize:
+            name, value = self.dynamic_entries.pop()
+            cursize -= table_entry_size(name, value)
+            log.debug("Evicting %s: %s from the header table", name, value)
+        self._current_size = cursize
+
+
+def _build_static_table_mapping():
+    """
+    Build static table mapping from header name to tuple with next structure:
+    (<minimal index of header>, <mapping from header value to it index>).
+
+    static_table_mapping used for hash searching.
+    """
+    static_table_mapping = {}
+    for index, (name, value) in enumerate(HeaderTable.STATIC_TABLE, 1):
+        header_name_search_result = static_table_mapping.setdefault(name, (index, {}))
+        header_name_search_result[1][value] = index
+    return static_table_mapping
+
+
+HeaderTable.STATIC_TABLE_MAPPING = _build_static_table_mapping()
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/__init__.py b/packages/httpcore/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dde34e39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+from ._async.base import AsyncByteStream, AsyncHTTPTransport
+from ._async.connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
+from ._async.http_proxy import AsyncHTTPProxy
+from ._bytestreams import AsyncIteratorByteStream, ByteStream, IteratorByteStream
+from ._exceptions import (
+    CloseError,
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    NetworkError,
+    PoolTimeout,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TimeoutException,
+    UnsupportedProtocol,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+)
+from ._sync.base import SyncByteStream, SyncHTTPTransport
+from ._sync.connection_pool import SyncConnectionPool
+from ._sync.http_proxy import SyncHTTPProxy
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AsyncByteStream",
+    "AsyncConnectionPool",
+    "AsyncHTTPProxy",
+    "AsyncHTTPTransport",
+    "AsyncIteratorByteStream",
+    "ByteStream",
+    "CloseError",
+    "ConnectError",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "IteratorByteStream",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "NetworkError",
+    "PoolTimeout",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "ReadError",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "SyncByteStream",
+    "SyncConnectionPool",
+    "SyncHTTPProxy",
+    "SyncHTTPTransport",
+    "TimeoutException",
+    "UnsupportedProtocol",
+    "WriteError",
+    "WriteTimeout",
+]
+__version__ = "0.13.6"
+
+__locals = locals()
+
+for _name in __all__:
+    if not _name.startswith("__"):
+        # Save original source module, used by Sphinx.
+        __locals[_name].__source_module__ = __locals[_name].__module__
+        # Override module for prettier repr().
+        setattr(__locals[_name], "__module__", "httpcore")  # noqa
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py b/packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_async/base.py b/packages/httpcore/_async/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b3961c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_async/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import enum
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import AsyncIterator, Tuple, Type
+
+from .._types import URL, Headers, T
+
+
+class NewConnectionRequired(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    """
+    PENDING  READY
+        |    |   ^
+        v    V   |
+        ACTIVE   |
+         |  |    |
+         |  V    |
+         V  IDLE-+
+       FULL   |
+         |    |
+         V    V
+         CLOSED
+    """
+
+    PENDING = 0  # Connection not yet acquired.
+    READY = 1  # Re-acquired from pool, about to send a request.
+    ACTIVE = 2  # Active requests.
+    FULL = 3  # Active requests, no more stream IDs available.
+    IDLE = 4  # No active requests.
+    CLOSED = 5  # Connection closed.
+
+
+class AsyncByteStream:
+    """
+    The base interface for request and response bodies.
+
+    Concrete implementations should subclass this class, and implement
+    the :meth:`__aiter__` method, and optionally the :meth:`aclose` method.
+    """
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        Yield bytes representing the request or response body.
+        """
+        yield b""  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Must be called by the client to indicate that the stream has been closed.
+        """
+        pass  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def aread(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return b"".join([part async for part in self])
+        finally:
+            await self.aclose()
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPTransport:
+    """
+    The base interface for sending HTTP requests.
+
+    Concrete implementations should subclass this class, and implement
+    the :meth:`handle_async_request` method, and optionally the :meth:`aclose` method.
+    """
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, AsyncByteStream, dict]:
+        """
+        The interface for sending a single HTTP request, and returning a response.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        method:
+            The HTTP method, such as ``b'GET'``.
+        url:
+            The URL as a 4-tuple of (scheme, host, port, path).
+        headers:
+            Any HTTP headers to send with the request.
+        stream:
+            The body of the HTTP request.
+        extensions:
+            A dictionary of optional extensions.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        status_code:
+            The HTTP status code, such as ``200``.
+        headers:
+            Any HTTP headers included on the response.
+        stream:
+            The body of the HTTP response.
+        extensions:
+            A dictionary of optional extensions.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the implementation, which should close any outstanding response streams,
+        and any keep alive connections.
+        """
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py b/packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2add4d857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, cast
+
+from .._backends.auto import AsyncBackend, AsyncLock, AsyncSocketStream, AutoBackend
+from .._exceptions import ConnectError, ConnectTimeout
+from .._types import URL, Headers, Origin, TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import exponential_backoff, get_logger, url_to_origin
+from .base import AsyncByteStream, AsyncHTTPTransport, NewConnectionRequired
+from .http import AsyncBaseHTTPConnection
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR = 0.5  # 0s, 0.5s, 1s, 2s, 4s, etc.
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPConnection(AsyncHTTPTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        keepalive_expiry: float = None,
+        uds: str = None,
+        ssl_context: SSLContext = None,
+        socket: AsyncSocketStream = None,
+        local_address: str = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        backend: AsyncBackend = None,
+    ):
+        self.origin = origin
+        self._http1_enabled = http1
+        self._http2_enabled = http2
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._uds = uds
+        self._ssl_context = SSLContext() if ssl_context is None else ssl_context
+        self.socket = socket
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._retries = retries
+
+        alpn_protocols: List[str] = []
+        if http1:
+            alpn_protocols.append("http/1.1")
+        if http2:
+            alpn_protocols.append("h2")
+
+        self._ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+        self.connection: Optional[AsyncBaseHTTPConnection] = None
+        self._is_http11 = False
+        self._is_http2 = False
+        self._connect_failed = False
+        self._expires_at: Optional[float] = None
+        self._backend = AutoBackend() if backend is None else backend
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<AsyncHTTPConnection [{self.info()}]>"
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self.connection is None:
+            return "Connection failed" if self._connect_failed else "Connecting"
+        return self.connection.info()
+
+    def should_close(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+        This occurs when any of the following occur:
+
+        * There are no active requests on an HTTP/1.1 connection, and the underlying
+          socket is readable. The only valid state the socket can be readable in
+          if this occurs is when the b"" EOF marker is about to be returned,
+          indicating a server disconnect.
+        * There are no active requests being made and the keepalive timeout has passed.
+        """
+        if self.connection is None:
+            return False
+        return self.connection.should_close()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        if self.connection is None:
+            return False
+        return self.connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self.connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self.connection.is_closed()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an outgoing request.
+        This occurs when any of the following occur:
+
+        * The connection has not yet been opened, and HTTP/2 support is enabled.
+          We don't *know* at this point if we'll end up on an HTTP/2 connection or
+          not, but we *might* do, so we indicate availability.
+        * The connection has been opened, and is currently idle.
+        * The connection is open, and is an HTTP/2 connection. The connection must
+          also not currently be exceeding the maximum number of allowable concurrent
+          streams and must not have exhausted the maximum total number of stream IDs.
+        """
+        if self.connection is None:
+            return self._http2_enabled and not self.is_closed
+        return self.connection.is_available()
+
+    @property
+    def request_lock(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        # We do this lazily, to make sure backend autodetection always
+        # runs within an async context.
+        if not hasattr(self, "_request_lock"):
+            self._request_lock = self._backend.create_lock()
+        return self._request_lock
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, AsyncByteStream, dict]:
+        assert url_to_origin(url) == self.origin
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+
+        async with self.request_lock:
+            if self.connection is None:
+                if self._connect_failed:
+                    raise NewConnectionRequired()
+                if not self.socket:
+                    logger.trace(
+                        "open_socket origin=%r timeout=%r", self.origin, timeout
+                    )
+                    self.socket = await self._open_socket(timeout)
+                self._create_connection(self.socket)
+            elif not self.connection.is_available():
+                raise NewConnectionRequired()
+
+        assert self.connection is not None
+        logger.trace(
+            "connection.handle_async_request method=%r url=%r headers=%r",
+            method,
+            url,
+            headers,
+        )
+        return await self.connection.handle_async_request(
+            method, url, headers, stream, extensions
+        )
+
+    async def _open_socket(self, timeout: TimeoutDict = None) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        scheme, hostname, port = self.origin
+        timeout = {} if timeout is None else timeout
+        ssl_context = self._ssl_context if scheme == b"https" else None
+
+        retries_left = self._retries
+        delays = exponential_backoff(factor=RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR)
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                if self._uds is None:
+                    return await self._backend.open_tcp_stream(
+                        hostname,
+                        port,
+                        ssl_context,
+                        timeout,
+                        local_address=self._local_address,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    return await self._backend.open_uds_stream(
+                        self._uds, hostname, ssl_context, timeout
+                    )
+            except (ConnectError, ConnectTimeout):
+                if retries_left <= 0:
+                    self._connect_failed = True
+                    raise
+                retries_left -= 1
+                delay = next(delays)
+                await self._backend.sleep(delay)
+            except Exception:  # noqa: PIE786
+                self._connect_failed = True
+                raise
+
+    def _create_connection(self, socket: AsyncSocketStream) -> None:
+        http_version = socket.get_http_version()
+        logger.trace(
+            "create_connection socket=%r http_version=%r", socket, http_version
+        )
+        if http_version == "HTTP/2" or (
+            self._http2_enabled and not self._http1_enabled
+        ):
+            from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+
+            self._is_http2 = True
+            self.connection = AsyncHTTP2Connection(
+                socket=socket,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                backend=self._backend,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._is_http11 = True
+            self.connection = AsyncHTTP11Connection(
+                socket=socket, keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry
+            )
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.connection is not None:
+            logger.trace("start_tls hostname=%r timeout=%r", hostname, timeout)
+            self.socket = await self.connection.start_tls(
+                hostname, ssl_context, timeout
+            )
+            logger.trace("start_tls complete hostname=%r timeout=%r", hostname, timeout)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        async with self.request_lock:
+            if self.connection is not None:
+                await self.connection.aclose()
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py b/packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f86c2277c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+import warnings
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import (
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from .._backends.auto import AsyncBackend, AsyncLock, AsyncSemaphore
+from .._backends.base import lookup_async_backend
+from .._exceptions import LocalProtocolError, PoolTimeout, UnsupportedProtocol
+from .._threadlock import ThreadLock
+from .._types import URL, Headers, Origin, TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import get_logger, origin_to_url_string, url_to_origin
+from .base import AsyncByteStream, AsyncHTTPTransport, NewConnectionRequired
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class NullSemaphore(AsyncSemaphore):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def acquire(self, timeout: float = None) -> None:
+        return
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        return
+
+
+class ResponseByteStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        connection: AsyncHTTPConnection,
+        callback: Callable,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A wrapper around the response stream that we return from
+        `.handle_async_request()`.
+
+        Ensures that when `stream.aclose()` is called, the connection pool
+        is notified via a callback.
+        """
+        self.stream = stream
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.callback = callback
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        async for chunk in self.stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            # Call the underlying stream close callback.
+            # This will be a call to `AsyncHTTP11Connection._response_closed()`
+            # or `AsyncHTTP2Stream._response_closed()`.
+            await self.stream.aclose()
+        finally:
+            # Call the connection pool close callback.
+            # This will be a call to `AsyncConnectionPool._response_closed()`.
+            await self.callback(self.connection)
+
+
+class AsyncConnectionPool(AsyncHTTPTransport):
+    """
+    A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ssl_context:
+        An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+    max_connections:
+        The maximum number of concurrent connections to allow.
+    max_keepalive_connections:
+        The maximum number of connections to allow before closing keep-alive
+        connections.
+    keepalive_expiry:
+        The maximum time to allow before closing a keep-alive connection.
+    http1:
+        Enable/Disable HTTP/1.1 support. Defaults to True.
+    http2:
+        Enable/Disable HTTP/2 support. Defaults to False.
+    uds:
+        Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+    local_address:
+        Local address to connect from. Can also be used to connect using a particular
+        address family. Using ``local_address="0.0.0.0"`` will connect using an
+        ``AF_INET`` address (IPv4), while using ``local_address="::"`` will connect
+        using an ``AF_INET6`` address (IPv6).
+    retries:
+        The maximum number of retries when trying to establish a connection.
+    backend:
+        A name indicating which concurrency backend to use.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: SSLContext = None,
+        max_connections: int = None,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        uds: str = None,
+        local_address: str = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        max_keepalive: int = None,
+        backend: Union[AsyncBackend, str] = "auto",
+    ):
+        if max_keepalive is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "'max_keepalive' is deprecated. Use 'max_keepalive_connections'.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            max_keepalive_connections = max_keepalive
+
+        if isinstance(backend, str):
+            backend = lookup_async_backend(backend)
+
+        self._ssl_context = SSLContext() if ssl_context is None else ssl_context
+        self._max_connections = max_connections
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = max_keepalive_connections
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._uds = uds
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._connections: Dict[Origin, Set[AsyncHTTPConnection]] = {}
+        self._thread_lock = ThreadLock()
+        self._backend = backend
+        self._next_keepalive_check = 0.0
+
+        if not (http1 or http2):
+            raise ValueError("Either http1 or http2 must be True.")
+
+        if http2:
+            try:
+                import h2  # noqa: F401
+            except ImportError:
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Attempted to use http2=True, but the 'h2' "
+                    "package is not installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[http2]'."
+                )
+
+    @property
+    def _connection_semaphore(self) -> AsyncSemaphore:
+        # We do this lazily, to make sure backend autodetection always
+        # runs within an async context.
+        if not hasattr(self, "_internal_semaphore"):
+            if self._max_connections is not None:
+                self._internal_semaphore = self._backend.create_semaphore(
+                    self._max_connections, exc_class=PoolTimeout
+                )
+            else:
+                self._internal_semaphore = NullSemaphore()
+
+        return self._internal_semaphore
+
+    @property
+    def _connection_acquiry_lock(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_internal_connection_acquiry_lock"):
+            self._internal_connection_acquiry_lock = self._backend.create_lock()
+        return self._internal_connection_acquiry_lock
+
+    def _create_connection(
+        self,
+        origin: Tuple[bytes, bytes, int],
+    ) -> AsyncHTTPConnection:
+        return AsyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=origin,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            uds=self._uds,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            local_address=self._local_address,
+            retries=self._retries,
+            backend=self._backend,
+        )
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, AsyncByteStream, dict]:
+        if url[0] not in (b"http", b"https"):
+            scheme = url[0].decode("latin-1")
+            host = url[1].decode("latin-1")
+            if scheme == "":
+                raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                    f"The request to '://{host}/' is missing either an 'http://' \
+                        or 'https://' protocol."
+                )
+            else:
+                raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                    f"The request to '{scheme}://{host}' has \
+                        an unsupported protocol {scheme!r}"
+                )
+
+        if not url[1]:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Missing hostname in URL.")
+
+        origin = url_to_origin(url)
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+
+        await self._keepalive_sweep()
+
+        connection: Optional[AsyncHTTPConnection] = None
+        while connection is None:
+            async with self._connection_acquiry_lock:
+                # We get-or-create a connection as an atomic operation, to ensure
+                # that HTTP/2 requests issued in close concurrency will end up
+                # on the same connection.
+                logger.trace("get_connection_from_pool=%r", origin)
+                connection = await self._get_connection_from_pool(origin)
+
+                if connection is None:
+                    connection = self._create_connection(origin=origin)
+                    logger.trace("created connection=%r", connection)
+                    await self._add_to_pool(connection, timeout=timeout)
+                else:
+                    logger.trace("reuse connection=%r", connection)
+
+            try:
+                response = await connection.handle_async_request(
+                    method, url, headers=headers, stream=stream, extensions=extensions
+                )
+            except NewConnectionRequired:
+                connection = None
+            except BaseException:  # noqa: PIE786
+                # See https://github.com/encode/httpcore/pull/305 for motivation
+                # behind catching 'BaseException' rather than 'Exception' here.
+                logger.trace("remove from pool connection=%r", connection)
+                await self._remove_from_pool(connection)
+                raise
+
+        status_code, headers, stream, extensions = response
+        wrapped_stream = ResponseByteStream(
+            stream, connection=connection, callback=self._response_closed
+        )
+        return status_code, headers, wrapped_stream, extensions
+
+    async def _get_connection_from_pool(
+        self, origin: Origin
+    ) -> Optional[AsyncHTTPConnection]:
+        # Determine expired keep alive connections on this origin.
+        reuse_connection = None
+        connections_to_close = set()
+
+        for connection in self._connections_for_origin(origin):
+            if connection.should_close():
+                connections_to_close.add(connection)
+                await self._remove_from_pool(connection)
+            elif connection.is_available():
+                reuse_connection = connection
+
+        # Close any dropped connections.
+        for connection in connections_to_close:
+            await connection.aclose()
+
+        return reuse_connection
+
+    async def _response_closed(self, connection: AsyncHTTPConnection) -> None:
+        remove_from_pool = False
+        close_connection = False
+
+        if connection.is_closed():
+            remove_from_pool = True
+        elif connection.is_idle():
+            num_connections = len(self._get_all_connections())
+            if (
+                self._max_keepalive_connections is not None
+                and num_connections > self._max_keepalive_connections
+            ):
+                remove_from_pool = True
+                close_connection = True
+
+        if remove_from_pool:
+            await self._remove_from_pool(connection)
+
+        if close_connection:
+            await connection.aclose()
+
+    async def _keepalive_sweep(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove any IDLE connections that have expired past their keep-alive time.
+        """
+        if self._keepalive_expiry is None:
+            return
+
+        now = await self._backend.time()
+        if now < self._next_keepalive_check:
+            return
+
+        self._next_keepalive_check = now + min(1.0, self._keepalive_expiry)
+        connections_to_close = set()
+
+        for connection in self._get_all_connections():
+            if connection.should_close():
+                connections_to_close.add(connection)
+                await self._remove_from_pool(connection)
+
+        for connection in connections_to_close:
+            await connection.aclose()
+
+    async def _add_to_pool(
+        self, connection: AsyncHTTPConnection, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        logger.trace("adding connection to pool=%r", connection)
+        await self._connection_semaphore.acquire(timeout=timeout.get("pool", None))
+        async with self._thread_lock:
+            self._connections.setdefault(connection.origin, set())
+            self._connections[connection.origin].add(connection)
+
+    async def _remove_from_pool(self, connection: AsyncHTTPConnection) -> None:
+        logger.trace("removing connection from pool=%r", connection)
+        async with self._thread_lock:
+            if connection in self._connections.get(connection.origin, set()):
+                await self._connection_semaphore.release()
+                self._connections[connection.origin].remove(connection)
+                if not self._connections[connection.origin]:
+                    del self._connections[connection.origin]
+
+    def _connections_for_origin(self, origin: Origin) -> Set[AsyncHTTPConnection]:
+        return set(self._connections.get(origin, set()))
+
+    def _get_all_connections(self) -> Set[AsyncHTTPConnection]:
+        connections: Set[AsyncHTTPConnection] = set()
+        for connection_set in self._connections.values():
+            connections |= connection_set
+        return connections
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        connections = self._get_all_connections()
+        for connection in connections:
+            await self._remove_from_pool(connection)
+
+        # Close all connections
+        for connection in connections:
+            await connection.aclose()
+
+    async def get_connection_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+        """
+        Returns a dict of origin URLs to a list of summary strings for each connection.
+        """
+        await self._keepalive_sweep()
+
+        stats = {}
+        for origin, connections in self._connections.items():
+            stats[origin_to_url_string(origin)] = sorted(
+                [connection.info() for connection in connections]
+            )
+        return stats
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_async/http.py b/packages/httpcore/_async/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06270f0f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_async/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from ssl import SSLContext
+
+from .._backends.auto import AsyncSocketStream
+from .._types import TimeoutDict
+from .base import AsyncHTTPTransport
+
+
+class AsyncBaseHTTPConnection(AsyncHTTPTransport):
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def should_close(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an outgoing request.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict = None
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        """
+        Upgrade the underlying socket to TLS.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py b/packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a265657c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+import enum
+import time
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import AsyncIterator, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+import h11
+
+from .._backends.auto import AsyncSocketStream
+from .._bytestreams import AsyncIteratorByteStream
+from .._exceptions import LocalProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError, map_exceptions
+from .._types import URL, Headers, TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import get_logger
+from .base import AsyncByteStream, NewConnectionRequired
+from .http import AsyncBaseHTTPConnection
+
+H11Event = Union[
+    h11.Request,
+    h11.Response,
+    h11.InformationalResponse,
+    h11.Data,
+    h11.EndOfMessage,
+    h11.ConnectionClosed,
+]
+
+
+class ConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    NEW = 0
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP11Connection(AsyncBaseHTTPConnection):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(self, socket: AsyncSocketStream, keepalive_expiry: float = None):
+        self.socket = socket
+
+        self._keepalive_expiry: Optional[float] = keepalive_expiry
+        self._should_expire_at: Optional[float] = None
+        self._h11_state = h11.Connection(our_role=h11.CLIENT)
+        self._state = ConnectionState.NEW
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<AsyncHTTP11Connection [{self._state.name}]>"
+
+    def _now(self) -> float:
+        return time.monotonic()
+
+    def _server_disconnected(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the connection is idle, and the underlying socket is readable.
+        The only valid state the socket can be readable here is when the b""
+        EOF marker is about to be returned, indicating a server disconnect.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE and self.socket.is_readable()
+
+    def _keepalive_expired(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the connection is idle, and has passed it's keepalive
+        expiry time.
+        """
+        return (
+            self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE
+            and self._should_expire_at is not None
+            and self._now() >= self._should_expire_at
+        )
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return f"HTTP/1.1, {self._state.name}"
+
+    def should_close(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+        """
+        return self._server_disconnected() or self._keepalive_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an outgoing request.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, AsyncByteStream, dict]:
+        """
+        Send a single HTTP/1.1 request.
+
+        Note that there is no kind of task/thread locking at this layer of interface.
+        Dealing with locking for concurrency is handled by the `AsyncHTTPConnection`.
+        """
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+
+        if self._state in (ConnectionState.NEW, ConnectionState.IDLE):
+            self._state = ConnectionState.ACTIVE
+            self._should_expire_at = None
+        else:
+            raise NewConnectionRequired()
+
+        await self._send_request(method, url, headers, timeout)
+        await self._send_request_body(stream, timeout)
+        (
+            http_version,
+            status_code,
+            reason_phrase,
+            headers,
+        ) = await self._receive_response(timeout)
+        response_stream = AsyncIteratorByteStream(
+            aiterator=self._receive_response_data(timeout),
+            aclose_func=self._response_closed,
+        )
+        extensions = {
+            "http_version": http_version,
+            "reason_phrase": reason_phrase,
+        }
+        return (status_code, headers, response_stream, extensions)
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict = None
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        timeout = {} if timeout is None else timeout
+        self.socket = await self.socket.start_tls(hostname, ssl_context, timeout)
+        return self.socket
+
+    async def _send_request(
+        self, method: bytes, url: URL, headers: Headers, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the request line and headers.
+        """
+        logger.trace("send_request method=%r url=%r headers=%s", method, url, headers)
+        _scheme, _host, _port, target = url
+        with map_exceptions({h11.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError}):
+            event = h11.Request(method=method, target=target, headers=headers)
+        await self._send_event(event, timeout)
+
+    async def _send_request_body(
+        self, stream: AsyncByteStream, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the request body.
+        """
+        # Send the request body.
+        async for chunk in stream:
+            logger.trace("send_data=Data(<%d bytes>)", len(chunk))
+            event = h11.Data(data=chunk)
+            await self._send_event(event, timeout)
+
+        # Finalize sending the request.
+        event = h11.EndOfMessage()
+        await self._send_event(event, timeout)
+
+    async def _send_event(self, event: H11Event, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a single `h11` event to the network, waiting for the data to
+        drain before returning.
+        """
+        bytes_to_send = self._h11_state.send(event)
+        await self.socket.write(bytes_to_send, timeout)
+
+    async def _receive_response(
+        self, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> Tuple[bytes, int, bytes, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]]:
+        """
+        Read the response status and headers from the network.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_event(timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Response):
+                break
+
+        http_version = b"HTTP/" + event.http_version
+
+        # h11 version 0.11+ supports a `raw_items` interface to get the
+        # raw header casing, rather than the enforced lowercase headers.
+        headers = event.headers.raw_items()
+
+        return http_version, event.status_code, event.reason, headers
+
+    async def _receive_response_data(
+        self, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        Read the response data from the network.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_event(timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Data):
+                logger.trace("receive_event=Data(<%d bytes>)", len(event.data))
+                yield bytes(event.data)
+            elif isinstance(event, (h11.EndOfMessage, h11.PAUSED)):
+                logger.trace("receive_event=%r", event)
+                break
+
+    async def _receive_event(self, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> H11Event:
+        """
+        Read a single `h11` event, reading more data from the network if needed.
+        """
+        while True:
+            with map_exceptions({h11.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError}):
+                event = self._h11_state.next_event()
+
+            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                data = await self.socket.read(self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout)
+
+                # If we feed this case through h11 we'll raise an exception like:
+                #
+                #     httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: can't handle event type
+                #     ConnectionClosed when role=SERVER and state=SEND_RESPONSE
+                #
+                # Which is accurate, but not very informative from an end-user
+                # perspective. Instead we handle messaging for this case distinctly.
+                if data == b"" and self._h11_state.their_state == h11.SEND_RESPONSE:
+                    msg = "Server disconnected without sending a response."
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(msg)
+
+                self._h11_state.receive_data(data)
+            else:
+                assert event is not h11.NEED_DATA
+                break
+        return event
+
+    async def _response_closed(self) -> None:
+        logger.trace(
+            "response_closed our_state=%r their_state=%r",
+            self._h11_state.our_state,
+            self._h11_state.their_state,
+        )
+        if (
+            self._h11_state.our_state is h11.DONE
+            and self._h11_state.their_state is h11.DONE
+        ):
+            self._h11_state.start_next_cycle()
+            self._state = ConnectionState.IDLE
+            if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                self._should_expire_at = self._now() + self._keepalive_expiry
+        else:
+            await self.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._state != ConnectionState.CLOSED:
+            self._state = ConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+            if self._h11_state.our_state is h11.MUST_CLOSE:
+                event = h11.ConnectionClosed()
+                self._h11_state.send(event)
+
+            await self.socket.aclose()
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py b/packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35a4e0911
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+import enum
+import time
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import AsyncIterator, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, cast
+
+import h2.connection
+import h2.events
+from h2.config import H2Configuration
+from h2.exceptions import NoAvailableStreamIDError
+from h2.settings import SettingCodes, Settings
+
+from .._backends.auto import AsyncBackend, AsyncLock, AsyncSemaphore, AsyncSocketStream
+from .._bytestreams import AsyncIteratorByteStream
+from .._exceptions import LocalProtocolError, PoolTimeout, RemoteProtocolError
+from .._types import URL, Headers, TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import get_logger
+from .base import AsyncByteStream, NewConnectionRequired
+from .http import AsyncBaseHTTPConnection
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class ConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    IDLE = 0
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    CLOSED = 2
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP2Connection(AsyncBaseHTTPConnection):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    CONFIG = H2Configuration(validate_inbound_headers=False)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socket: AsyncSocketStream,
+        backend: AsyncBackend,
+        keepalive_expiry: float = None,
+    ):
+        self.socket = socket
+
+        self._backend = backend
+        self._h2_state = h2.connection.H2Connection(config=self.CONFIG)
+
+        self._sent_connection_init = False
+        self._streams: Dict[int, AsyncHTTP2Stream] = {}
+        self._events: Dict[int, List[h2.events.Event]] = {}
+
+        self._keepalive_expiry: Optional[float] = keepalive_expiry
+        self._should_expire_at: Optional[float] = None
+        self._state = ConnectionState.ACTIVE
+        self._exhausted_available_stream_ids = False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<AsyncHTTP2Connection [{self._state}]>"
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return f"HTTP/2, {self._state.name}, {len(self._streams)} streams"
+
+    def _now(self) -> float:
+        return time.monotonic()
+
+    def should_close(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle, and the keepalive
+        timeout has passed.
+        """
+        return (
+            self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE
+            and self._should_expire_at is not None
+            and self._now() >= self._should_expire_at
+        )
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an outgoing request.
+        This occurs when any of the following occur:
+
+        * The connection has not yet been opened, and HTTP/2 support is enabled.
+          We don't *know* at this point if we'll end up on an HTTP/2 connection or
+          not, but we *might* do, so we indicate availability.
+        * The connection has been opened, and is currently idle.
+        * The connection is open, and is an HTTP/2 connection. The connection must
+          also not have exhausted the maximum total number of stream IDs.
+        """
+        return (
+            self._state != ConnectionState.CLOSED
+            and not self._exhausted_available_stream_ids
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def init_lock(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        # We do this lazily, to make sure backend autodetection always
+        # runs within an async context.
+        if not hasattr(self, "_initialization_lock"):
+            self._initialization_lock = self._backend.create_lock()
+        return self._initialization_lock
+
+    @property
+    def read_lock(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        # We do this lazily, to make sure backend autodetection always
+        # runs within an async context.
+        if not hasattr(self, "_read_lock"):
+            self._read_lock = self._backend.create_lock()
+        return self._read_lock
+
+    @property
+    def max_streams_semaphore(self) -> AsyncSemaphore:
+        # We do this lazily, to make sure backend autodetection always
+        # runs within an async context.
+        if not hasattr(self, "_max_streams_semaphore"):
+            max_streams = self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams
+            self._max_streams_semaphore = self._backend.create_semaphore(
+                max_streams, exc_class=PoolTimeout
+            )
+        return self._max_streams_semaphore
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict = None
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError("TLS upgrade not supported on HTTP/2 connections.")
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, AsyncByteStream, dict]:
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+
+        async with self.init_lock:
+            if not self._sent_connection_init:
+                # The very first stream is responsible for initiating the connection.
+                self._state = ConnectionState.ACTIVE
+                await self.send_connection_init(timeout)
+                self._sent_connection_init = True
+
+        await self.max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+        try:
+            try:
+                stream_id = self._h2_state.get_next_available_stream_id()
+            except NoAvailableStreamIDError:
+                self._exhausted_available_stream_ids = True
+                raise NewConnectionRequired()
+            else:
+                self._state = ConnectionState.ACTIVE
+                self._should_expire_at = None
+
+            h2_stream = AsyncHTTP2Stream(stream_id=stream_id, connection=self)
+            self._streams[stream_id] = h2_stream
+            self._events[stream_id] = []
+            return await h2_stream.handle_async_request(
+                method, url, headers, stream, extensions
+            )
+        except Exception:  # noqa: PIE786
+            await self.max_streams_semaphore.release()
+            raise
+
+    async def send_connection_init(self, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        """
+        The HTTP/2 connection requires some initial setup before we can start
+        using individual request/response streams on it.
+        """
+        # Need to set these manually here instead of manipulating via
+        # __setitem__() otherwise the H2Connection will emit SettingsUpdate
+        # frames in addition to sending the undesired defaults.
+        self._h2_state.local_settings = Settings(
+            client=True,
+            initial_values={
+                # Disable PUSH_PROMISE frames from the server since we don't do anything
+                # with them for now.  Maybe when we support caching?
+                SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH: 0,
+                # These two are taken from h2 for safe defaults
+                SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: 100,
+                SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE: 65536,
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Some websites (*cough* Yahoo *cough*) balk at this setting being
+        # present in the initial handshake since it's not defined in the original
+        # RFC despite the RFC mandating ignoring settings you don't know about.
+        del self._h2_state.local_settings[
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL
+        ]
+
+        logger.trace("initiate_connection=%r", self)
+        self._h2_state.initiate_connection()
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2 ** 24)
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        await self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    def is_socket_readable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.socket.is_readable()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        logger.trace("close_connection=%r", self)
+        if self._state != ConnectionState.CLOSED:
+            self._state = ConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+            await self.socket.aclose()
+
+    async def wait_for_outgoing_flow(self, stream_id: int, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the maximum allowable outgoing flow for a given stream.
+        If the allowable flow is zero, then waits on the network until
+        WindowUpdated frames have increased the flow rate.
+        https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.9
+        """
+        local_flow = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+        connection_flow = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+        flow = min(local_flow, connection_flow)
+        while flow == 0:
+            await self.receive_events(timeout)
+            local_flow = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+            connection_flow = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+            flow = min(local_flow, connection_flow)
+        return flow
+
+    async def wait_for_event(
+        self, stream_id: int, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> h2.events.Event:
+        """
+        Returns the next event for a given stream.
+        If no events are available yet, then waits on the network until
+        an event is available.
+        """
+        async with self.read_lock:
+            while not self._events[stream_id]:
+                await self.receive_events(timeout)
+        return self._events[stream_id].pop(0)
+
+    async def receive_events(self, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        """
+        Read some data from the network, and update the H2 state.
+        """
+        data = await self.socket.read(self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout)
+        if data == b"":
+            raise RemoteProtocolError("Server disconnected")
+
+        events = self._h2_state.receive_data(data)
+        for event in events:
+            event_stream_id = getattr(event, "stream_id", 0)
+            logger.trace("receive_event stream_id=%r event=%s", event_stream_id, event)
+
+            if hasattr(event, "error_code"):
+                raise RemoteProtocolError(event)
+
+            if event_stream_id in self._events:
+                self._events[event_stream_id].append(event)
+
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        await self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    async def send_headers(
+        self, stream_id: int, headers: Headers, end_stream: bool, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        logger.trace("send_headers stream_id=%r headers=%r", stream_id, headers)
+        self._h2_state.send_headers(stream_id, headers, end_stream=end_stream)
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2 ** 24, stream_id=stream_id)
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        await self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    async def send_data(
+        self, stream_id: int, chunk: bytes, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        logger.trace("send_data stream_id=%r chunk=%r", stream_id, chunk)
+        self._h2_state.send_data(stream_id, chunk)
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        await self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    async def end_stream(self, stream_id: int, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        logger.trace("end_stream stream_id=%r", stream_id)
+        self._h2_state.end_stream(stream_id)
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        await self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    async def acknowledge_received_data(
+        self, stream_id: int, amount: int, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        self._h2_state.acknowledge_received_data(amount, stream_id)
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        await self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    async def close_stream(self, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        try:
+            logger.trace("close_stream stream_id=%r", stream_id)
+            del self._streams[stream_id]
+            del self._events[stream_id]
+
+            if not self._streams:
+                if self._state == ConnectionState.ACTIVE:
+                    if self._exhausted_available_stream_ids:
+                        await self.aclose()
+                    else:
+                        self._state = ConnectionState.IDLE
+                        if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                            self._should_expire_at = (
+                                self._now() + self._keepalive_expiry
+                            )
+        finally:
+            await self.max_streams_semaphore.release()
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP2Stream:
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, connection: AsyncHTTP2Connection) -> None:
+        self.stream_id = stream_id
+        self.connection = connection
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, AsyncByteStream, dict]:
+        headers = [(k.lower(), v) for (k, v) in headers]
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+
+        # Send the request.
+        seen_headers = set(key for key, value in headers)
+        has_body = (
+            b"content-length" in seen_headers or b"transfer-encoding" in seen_headers
+        )
+
+        await self.send_headers(method, url, headers, has_body, timeout)
+        if has_body:
+            await self.send_body(stream, timeout)
+
+        # Receive the response.
+        status_code, headers = await self.receive_response(timeout)
+        response_stream = AsyncIteratorByteStream(
+            aiterator=self.body_iter(timeout), aclose_func=self._response_closed
+        )
+
+        extensions = {
+            "http_version": b"HTTP/2",
+        }
+        return (status_code, headers, response_stream, extensions)
+
+    async def send_headers(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        has_body: bool,
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+    ) -> None:
+        scheme, hostname, port, path = url
+
+        # In HTTP/2 the ':authority' pseudo-header is used instead of 'Host'.
+        # In order to gracefully handle HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 we always require
+        # HTTP/1.1 style headers, and map them appropriately if we end up on
+        # an HTTP/2 connection.
+        authority = None
+
+        for k, v in headers:
+            if k == b"host":
+                authority = v
+                break
+
+        if authority is None:
+            # Mirror the same error we'd see with `h11`, so that the behaviour
+            # is consistent. Although we're dealing with an `:authority`
+            # pseudo-header by this point, from an end-user perspective the issue
+            # is that the outgoing request needed to include a `host` header.
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Missing mandatory Host: header")
+
+        headers = [
+            (b":method", method),
+            (b":authority", authority),
+            (b":scheme", scheme),
+            (b":path", path),
+        ] + [
+            (k, v)
+            for k, v in headers
+            if k
+            not in (
+                b"host",
+                b"transfer-encoding",
+            )
+        ]
+        end_stream = not has_body
+
+        await self.connection.send_headers(self.stream_id, headers, end_stream, timeout)
+
+    async def send_body(self, stream: AsyncByteStream, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        async for data in stream:
+            while data:
+                max_flow = await self.connection.wait_for_outgoing_flow(
+                    self.stream_id, timeout
+                )
+                chunk_size = min(len(data), max_flow)
+                chunk, data = data[:chunk_size], data[chunk_size:]
+                await self.connection.send_data(self.stream_id, chunk, timeout)
+
+        await self.connection.end_stream(self.stream_id, timeout)
+
+    async def receive_response(
+        self, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> Tuple[int, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]]:
+        """
+        Read the response status and headers from the network.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = await self.connection.wait_for_event(self.stream_id, timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.ResponseReceived):
+                break
+
+        status_code = 200
+        headers = []
+        for k, v in event.headers:
+            if k == b":status":
+                status_code = int(v.decode("ascii", errors="ignore"))
+            elif not k.startswith(b":"):
+                headers.append((k, v))
+
+        return (status_code, headers)
+
+    async def body_iter(self, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        while True:
+            event = await self.connection.wait_for_event(self.stream_id, timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.DataReceived):
+                amount = event.flow_controlled_length
+                await self.connection.acknowledge_received_data(
+                    self.stream_id, amount, timeout
+                )
+                yield event.data
+            elif isinstance(event, (h2.events.StreamEnded, h2.events.StreamReset)):
+                break
+
+    async def _response_closed(self) -> None:
+        await self.connection.close_stream(self.stream_id)
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py b/packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..275bf214f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+from http import HTTPStatus
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Tuple, cast
+
+from .._bytestreams import ByteStream
+from .._exceptions import ProxyError
+from .._types import URL, Headers, TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import get_logger, url_to_origin
+from .base import AsyncByteStream
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool, ResponseByteStream
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+def get_reason_phrase(status_code: int) -> str:
+    try:
+        return HTTPStatus(status_code).phrase
+    except ValueError:
+        return ""
+
+
+def merge_headers(
+    default_headers: Headers = None, override_headers: Headers = None
+) -> Headers:
+    """
+    Append default_headers and override_headers, de-duplicating if a key existing in
+    both cases.
+    """
+    default_headers = [] if default_headers is None else default_headers
+    override_headers = [] if override_headers is None else override_headers
+    has_override = set([key.lower() for key, value in override_headers])
+    default_headers = [
+        (key, value)
+        for key, value in default_headers
+        if key.lower() not in has_override
+    ]
+    return default_headers + override_headers
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPProxy(AsyncConnectionPool):
+    """
+    A connection pool for making HTTP requests via an HTTP proxy.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    proxy_url:
+        The URL of the proxy service as a 4-tuple of (scheme, host, port, path).
+    proxy_headers:
+        A list of proxy headers to include.
+    proxy_mode:
+        A proxy mode to operate in. May be "DEFAULT", "FORWARD_ONLY", or "TUNNEL_ONLY".
+    ssl_context:
+        An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+    max_connections:
+        The maximum number of concurrent connections to allow.
+    max_keepalive_connections:
+        The maximum number of connections to allow before closing keep-alive
+        connections.
+    http2:
+        Enable HTTP/2 support.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL,
+        proxy_headers: Headers = None,
+        proxy_mode: str = "DEFAULT",
+        ssl_context: SSLContext = None,
+        max_connections: int = None,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float = None,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        backend: str = "auto",
+        # Deprecated argument style:
+        max_keepalive: int = None,
+    ):
+        assert proxy_mode in ("DEFAULT", "FORWARD_ONLY", "TUNNEL_ONLY")
+
+        self.proxy_origin = url_to_origin(proxy_url)
+        self.proxy_headers = [] if proxy_headers is None else proxy_headers
+        self.proxy_mode = proxy_mode
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http2=http2,
+            backend=backend,
+            max_keepalive=max_keepalive,
+        )
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, AsyncByteStream, dict]:
+        if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+            await self._keepalive_sweep()
+
+        if (
+            self.proxy_mode == "DEFAULT" and url[0] == b"http"
+        ) or self.proxy_mode == "FORWARD_ONLY":
+            # By default HTTP requests should be forwarded.
+            logger.trace(
+                "forward_request proxy_origin=%r proxy_headers=%r method=%r url=%r",
+                self.proxy_origin,
+                self.proxy_headers,
+                method,
+                url,
+            )
+            return await self._forward_request(
+                method, url, headers=headers, stream=stream, extensions=extensions
+            )
+        else:
+            # By default HTTPS should be tunnelled.
+            logger.trace(
+                "tunnel_request proxy_origin=%r proxy_headers=%r method=%r url=%r",
+                self.proxy_origin,
+                self.proxy_headers,
+                method,
+                url,
+            )
+            return await self._tunnel_request(
+                method, url, headers=headers, stream=stream, extensions=extensions
+            )
+
+    async def _forward_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, AsyncByteStream, dict]:
+        """
+        Forwarded proxy requests include the entire URL as the HTTP target,
+        rather than just the path.
+        """
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+        origin = self.proxy_origin
+        connection = await self._get_connection_from_pool(origin)
+
+        if connection is None:
+            connection = AsyncHTTPConnection(
+                origin=origin,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            )
+            await self._add_to_pool(connection, timeout)
+
+        # Issue a forwarded proxy request...
+
+        # GET https://www.example.org/path HTTP/1.1
+        # [proxy headers]
+        # [headers]
+        scheme, host, port, path = url
+        if port is None:
+            target = b"%b://%b%b" % (scheme, host, path)
+        else:
+            target = b"%b://%b:%d%b" % (scheme, host, port, path)
+
+        url = self.proxy_origin + (target,)
+        headers = merge_headers(self.proxy_headers, headers)
+
+        (
+            status_code,
+            headers,
+            stream,
+            extensions,
+        ) = await connection.handle_async_request(
+            method, url, headers=headers, stream=stream, extensions=extensions
+        )
+
+        wrapped_stream = ResponseByteStream(
+            stream, connection=connection, callback=self._response_closed
+        )
+
+        return status_code, headers, wrapped_stream, extensions
+
+    async def _tunnel_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, AsyncByteStream, dict]:
+        """
+        Tunnelled proxy requests require an initial CONNECT request to
+        establish the connection, and then send regular requests.
+        """
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+        origin = url_to_origin(url)
+        connection = await self._get_connection_from_pool(origin)
+
+        if connection is None:
+            scheme, host, port = origin
+
+            # First, create a connection to the proxy server
+            proxy_connection = AsyncHTTPConnection(
+                origin=self.proxy_origin,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            )
+
+            # Issue a CONNECT request...
+
+            # CONNECT www.example.org:80 HTTP/1.1
+            # [proxy-headers]
+            target = b"%b:%d" % (host, port)
+            connect_url = self.proxy_origin + (target,)
+            connect_headers = [(b"Host", target), (b"Accept", b"*/*")]
+            connect_headers = merge_headers(connect_headers, self.proxy_headers)
+
+            try:
+                (
+                    proxy_status_code,
+                    _,
+                    proxy_stream,
+                    _,
+                ) = await proxy_connection.handle_async_request(
+                    b"CONNECT",
+                    connect_url,
+                    headers=connect_headers,
+                    stream=ByteStream(b""),
+                    extensions=extensions,
+                )
+
+                proxy_reason = get_reason_phrase(proxy_status_code)
+                logger.trace(
+                    "tunnel_response proxy_status_code=%r proxy_reason=%r ",
+                    proxy_status_code,
+                    proxy_reason,
+                )
+                # Read the response data without closing the socket
+                async for _ in proxy_stream:
+                    pass
+
+                # See if the tunnel was successfully established.
+                if proxy_status_code < 200 or proxy_status_code > 299:
+                    msg = "%d %s" % (proxy_status_code, proxy_reason)
+                    raise ProxyError(msg)
+
+                # Upgrade to TLS if required
+                # We assume the target speaks TLS on the specified port
+                if scheme == b"https":
+                    await proxy_connection.start_tls(host, self._ssl_context, timeout)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                await proxy_connection.aclose()
+                raise ProxyError(exc)
+
+            # The CONNECT request is successful, so we have now SWITCHED PROTOCOLS.
+            # This means the proxy connection is now unusable, and we must create
+            # a new one for regular requests, making sure to use the same socket to
+            # retain the tunnel.
+            connection = AsyncHTTPConnection(
+                origin=origin,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                socket=proxy_connection.socket,
+            )
+            await self._add_to_pool(connection, timeout)
+
+        # Once the connection has been established we can send requests on
+        # it as normal.
+        (
+            status_code,
+            headers,
+            stream,
+            extensions,
+        ) = await connection.handle_async_request(
+            method,
+            url,
+            headers=headers,
+            stream=stream,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+        wrapped_stream = ResponseByteStream(
+            stream, connection=connection, callback=self._response_closed
+        )
+
+        return status_code, headers, wrapped_stream, extensions
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_backends/__init__.py b/packages/httpcore/_backends/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py b/packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1332a27f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Optional
+
+import anyio.abc
+from anyio import BrokenResourceError, EndOfStream
+from anyio.abc import ByteStream, SocketAttribute
+from anyio.streams.tls import TLSAttribute, TLSStream
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._types import TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import is_socket_readable
+from .base import AsyncBackend, AsyncLock, AsyncSemaphore, AsyncSocketStream
+
+
+class SocketStream(AsyncSocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: ByteStream) -> None:
+        self.stream = stream
+        self.read_lock = anyio.Lock()
+        self.write_lock = anyio.Lock()
+
+    def get_http_version(self) -> str:
+        alpn_protocol = self.stream.extra(TLSAttribute.alpn_protocol, None)
+        return "HTTP/2" if alpn_protocol == "h2" else "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        ssl_context: SSLContext,
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+    ) -> "SocketStream":
+        connect_timeout = timeout.get("connect")
+        try:
+            with anyio.fail_after(connect_timeout):
+                ssl_stream = await TLSStream.wrap(
+                    self.stream,
+                    ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                    hostname=hostname.decode("ascii"),
+                    standard_compatible=False,
+                )
+        except TimeoutError:
+            raise ConnectTimeout from None
+        except BrokenResourceError as exc:
+            raise ConnectError from exc
+
+        return SocketStream(ssl_stream)
+
+    async def read(self, n: int, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> bytes:
+        read_timeout = timeout.get("read")
+        async with self.read_lock:
+            try:
+                with anyio.fail_after(read_timeout):
+                    return await self.stream.receive(n)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                await self.stream.aclose()
+                raise ReadTimeout from None
+            except BrokenResourceError as exc:
+                raise ReadError from exc
+            except EndOfStream:
+                return b""
+
+    async def write(self, data: bytes, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        if not data:
+            return
+
+        write_timeout = timeout.get("write")
+        async with self.write_lock:
+            try:
+                with anyio.fail_after(write_timeout):
+                    return await self.stream.send(data)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                await self.stream.aclose()
+                raise WriteTimeout from None
+            except BrokenResourceError as exc:
+                raise WriteError from exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        async with self.write_lock:
+            try:
+                await self.stream.aclose()
+            except BrokenResourceError:
+                pass
+
+    def is_readable(self) -> bool:
+        sock = self.stream.extra(SocketAttribute.raw_socket)
+        return is_socket_readable(sock)
+
+
+class Lock(AsyncLock):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = anyio.Lock()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+
+class Semaphore(AsyncSemaphore):
+    def __init__(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type):
+        self.max_value = max_value
+        self.exc_class = exc_class
+
+    @property
+    def semaphore(self) -> anyio.abc.Semaphore:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_semaphore"):
+            self._semaphore = anyio.Semaphore(self.max_value)
+        return self._semaphore
+
+    async def acquire(self, timeout: float = None) -> None:
+        with anyio.move_on_after(timeout):
+            await self.semaphore.acquire()
+            return
+
+        raise self.exc_class()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        self.semaphore.release()
+
+
+class AnyIOBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    async def open_tcp_stream(
+        self,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        port: int,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+        *,
+        local_address: Optional[str],
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        connect_timeout = timeout.get("connect")
+        unicode_host = hostname.decode("utf-8")
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+            BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(connect_timeout):
+                stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream
+                stream = await anyio.connect_tcp(
+                    unicode_host, port, local_host=local_address
+                )
+                if ssl_context:
+                    stream = await TLSStream.wrap(
+                        stream,
+                        hostname=unicode_host,
+                        ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                        standard_compatible=False,
+                    )
+
+        return SocketStream(stream=stream)
+
+    async def open_uds_stream(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        connect_timeout = timeout.get("connect")
+        unicode_host = hostname.decode("utf-8")
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+            BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(connect_timeout):
+                stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream = await anyio.connect_unix(path)
+                if ssl_context:
+                    stream = await TLSStream.wrap(
+                        stream,
+                        hostname=unicode_host,
+                        ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                        standard_compatible=False,
+                    )
+
+        return SocketStream(stream=stream)
+
+    def create_lock(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        return Lock()
+
+    def create_semaphore(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type) -> AsyncSemaphore:
+        return Semaphore(max_value, exc_class=exc_class)
+
+    async def time(self) -> float:
+        return float(anyio.current_time())
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await anyio.sleep(seconds)
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_backends/asyncio.py b/packages/httpcore/_backends/asyncio.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5142072e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_backends/asyncio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+import asyncio
+import socket
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Optional
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._types import TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import is_socket_readable
+from .base import AsyncBackend, AsyncLock, AsyncSemaphore, AsyncSocketStream
+
+SSL_MONKEY_PATCH_APPLIED = False
+
+
+def ssl_monkey_patch() -> None:
+    """
+    Monkey-patch for https://bugs.python.org/issue36709
+
+    This prevents console errors when outstanding HTTPS connections
+    still exist at the point of exiting.
+
+    Clients which have been opened using a `with` block, or which have
+    had `close()` closed, will not exhibit this issue in the first place.
+    """
+    MonkeyPatch = asyncio.selector_events._SelectorSocketTransport  # type: ignore
+
+    _write = MonkeyPatch.write
+
+    def _fixed_write(self, data: bytes) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        if self._loop and not self._loop.is_closed():
+            _write(self, data)
+
+    MonkeyPatch.write = _fixed_write
+
+
+async def backport_start_tls(
+    transport: asyncio.BaseTransport,
+    protocol: asyncio.BaseProtocol,
+    ssl_context: SSLContext,
+    *,
+    server_side: bool = False,
+    server_hostname: str = None,
+    ssl_handshake_timeout: float = None,
+) -> asyncio.Transport:  # pragma: nocover (Since it's not used on all Python versions.)
+    """
+    Python 3.6 asyncio doesn't have a start_tls() method on the loop
+    so we use this function in place of the loop's start_tls() method.
+    Adapted from this comment:
+    https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1323#issuecomment-362494839
+    """
+    import asyncio.sslproto
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    waiter = loop.create_future()
+    ssl_protocol = asyncio.sslproto.SSLProtocol(
+        loop,
+        protocol,
+        ssl_context,
+        waiter,
+        server_side=False,
+        server_hostname=server_hostname,
+        call_connection_made=False,
+    )
+
+    transport.set_protocol(ssl_protocol)
+    loop.call_soon(ssl_protocol.connection_made, transport)
+    loop.call_soon(transport.resume_reading)  # type: ignore
+
+    await waiter
+    return ssl_protocol._app_transport
+
+
+class SocketStream(AsyncSocketStream):
+    def __init__(
+        self, stream_reader: asyncio.StreamReader, stream_writer: asyncio.StreamWriter
+    ):
+        self.stream_reader = stream_reader
+        self.stream_writer = stream_writer
+        self.read_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        self.write_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+
+    def get_http_version(self) -> str:
+        ssl_object = self.stream_writer.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+
+        if ssl_object is None:
+            return "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        ident = ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol()
+        return "HTTP/2" if ident == "h2" else "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> "SocketStream":
+        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+
+        stream_reader = asyncio.StreamReader()
+        protocol = asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol(stream_reader)
+        transport = self.stream_writer.transport
+
+        loop_start_tls = getattr(loop, "start_tls", backport_start_tls)
+
+        exc_map = {asyncio.TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout, OSError: ConnectError}
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            transport = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                loop_start_tls(
+                    transport,
+                    protocol,
+                    ssl_context,
+                    server_hostname=hostname.decode("ascii"),
+                ),
+                timeout=timeout.get("connect"),
+            )
+
+        # Initialize the protocol, so it is made aware of being tied to
+        # a TLS connection.
+        # See: https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/859
+        protocol.connection_made(transport)
+
+        stream_writer = asyncio.StreamWriter(
+            transport=transport, protocol=protocol, reader=stream_reader, loop=loop
+        )
+
+        ssl_stream = SocketStream(stream_reader, stream_writer)
+        # When we return a new SocketStream with new StreamReader/StreamWriter instances
+        # we need to keep references to the old StreamReader/StreamWriter so that they
+        # are not garbage collected and closed while we're still using them.
+        ssl_stream._inner = self  # type: ignore
+        return ssl_stream
+
+    async def read(self, n: int, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> bytes:
+        exc_map = {asyncio.TimeoutError: ReadTimeout, OSError: ReadError}
+        async with self.read_lock:
+            with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+                try:
+                    return await asyncio.wait_for(
+                        self.stream_reader.read(n), timeout.get("read")
+                    )
+                except AttributeError as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                    if "resume_reading" in str(exc):
+                        # Python's asyncio has a bug that can occur when a
+                        # connection has been closed, while it is paused.
+                        # See: https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/1213
+                        #
+                        # Returning an empty byte-string to indicate connection
+                        # close will eventually raise an httpcore.RemoteProtocolError
+                        # to the user when this goes through our HTTP parsing layer.
+                        return b""
+                    raise
+
+    async def write(self, data: bytes, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        if not data:
+            return
+
+        exc_map = {asyncio.TimeoutError: WriteTimeout, OSError: WriteError}
+        async with self.write_lock:
+            with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+                self.stream_writer.write(data)
+                return await asyncio.wait_for(
+                    self.stream_writer.drain(), timeout.get("write")
+                )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        # SSL connections should issue the close and then abort, rather than
+        # waiting for the remote end of the connection to signal the EOF.
+        #
+        # See:
+        #
+        # * https://bugs.python.org/issue39758
+        # * https://github.com/python-trio/trio/blob/
+        #             31e2ae866ad549f1927d45ce073d4f0ea9f12419/trio/_ssl.py#L779-L829
+        #
+        # And related issues caused if we simply omit the 'wait_closed' call,
+        # without first using `.abort()`
+        #
+        # * https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/825
+        # * https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/914
+        is_ssl = self.stream_writer.get_extra_info("ssl_object") is not None
+
+        async with self.write_lock:
+            try:
+                self.stream_writer.close()
+                if is_ssl:
+                    # Give the connection a chance to write any data in the buffer,
+                    # and then forcibly tear down the SSL connection.
+                    await asyncio.sleep(0)
+                    self.stream_writer.transport.abort()  # type: ignore
+                if hasattr(self.stream_writer, "wait_closed"):
+                    # Python 3.7+ only.
+                    await self.stream_writer.wait_closed()  # type: ignore
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+    def is_readable(self) -> bool:
+        transport = self.stream_reader._transport  # type: ignore
+        sock: Optional[socket.socket] = transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+        return is_socket_readable(sock)
+
+
+class Lock(AsyncLock):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+
+class Semaphore(AsyncSemaphore):
+    def __init__(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type) -> None:
+        self.max_value = max_value
+        self.exc_class = exc_class
+
+    @property
+    def semaphore(self) -> asyncio.BoundedSemaphore:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_semaphore"):
+            self._semaphore = asyncio.BoundedSemaphore(value=self.max_value)
+        return self._semaphore
+
+    async def acquire(self, timeout: float = None) -> None:
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(self.semaphore.acquire(), timeout)
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            raise self.exc_class()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        self.semaphore.release()
+
+
+class AsyncioBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        global SSL_MONKEY_PATCH_APPLIED
+
+        if not SSL_MONKEY_PATCH_APPLIED:
+            ssl_monkey_patch()
+        SSL_MONKEY_PATCH_APPLIED = True
+
+    async def open_tcp_stream(
+        self,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        port: int,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+        *,
+        local_address: Optional[str],
+    ) -> SocketStream:
+        host = hostname.decode("ascii")
+        connect_timeout = timeout.get("connect")
+        local_addr = None if local_address is None else (local_address, 0)
+
+        exc_map = {asyncio.TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout, OSError: ConnectError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            stream_reader, stream_writer = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                asyncio.open_connection(
+                    host, port, ssl=ssl_context, local_addr=local_addr
+                ),
+                connect_timeout,
+            )
+            return SocketStream(
+                stream_reader=stream_reader, stream_writer=stream_writer
+            )
+
+    async def open_uds_stream(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        host = hostname.decode("ascii")
+        connect_timeout = timeout.get("connect")
+        kwargs: dict = {"server_hostname": host} if ssl_context is not None else {}
+        exc_map = {asyncio.TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout, OSError: ConnectError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            stream_reader, stream_writer = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                asyncio.open_unix_connection(path, ssl=ssl_context, **kwargs),
+                connect_timeout,
+            )
+            return SocketStream(
+                stream_reader=stream_reader, stream_writer=stream_writer
+            )
+
+    def create_lock(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        return Lock()
+
+    def create_semaphore(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type) -> AsyncSemaphore:
+        return Semaphore(max_value, exc_class=exc_class)
+
+    async def time(self) -> float:
+        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        return loop.time()
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await asyncio.sleep(seconds)
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py b/packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5579ab467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Optional
+
+import sniffio
+
+from .._types import TimeoutDict
+from .base import AsyncBackend, AsyncLock, AsyncSemaphore, AsyncSocketStream
+
+# The following line is imported from the _sync modules
+from .sync import SyncBackend, SyncLock, SyncSemaphore, SyncSocketStream  # noqa
+
+
+class AutoBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    @property
+    def backend(self) -> AsyncBackend:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_backend_implementation"):
+            backend = sniffio.current_async_library()
+
+            if backend == "asyncio":
+                from .anyio import AnyIOBackend
+
+                self._backend_implementation: AsyncBackend = AnyIOBackend()
+            elif backend == "trio":
+                from .trio import TrioBackend
+
+                self._backend_implementation = TrioBackend()
+            elif backend == "curio":
+                from .curio import CurioBackend
+
+                self._backend_implementation = CurioBackend()
+            else:  # pragma: nocover
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Unsupported concurrency backend {backend!r}")
+        return self._backend_implementation
+
+    async def open_tcp_stream(
+        self,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        port: int,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+        *,
+        local_address: Optional[str],
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        return await self.backend.open_tcp_stream(
+            hostname, port, ssl_context, timeout, local_address=local_address
+        )
+
+    async def open_uds_stream(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        return await self.backend.open_uds_stream(path, hostname, ssl_context, timeout)
+
+    def create_lock(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        return self.backend.create_lock()
+
+    def create_semaphore(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type) -> AsyncSemaphore:
+        return self.backend.create_semaphore(max_value, exc_class=exc_class)
+
+    async def time(self) -> float:
+        return await self.backend.time()
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await self.backend.sleep(seconds)
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py b/packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ca6e31b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Type
+
+from .._types import TimeoutDict
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .sync import SyncBackend
+
+
+def lookup_async_backend(name: str) -> "AsyncBackend":
+    if name == "auto":
+        from .auto import AutoBackend
+
+        return AutoBackend()
+    elif name == "asyncio":
+        from .asyncio import AsyncioBackend
+
+        return AsyncioBackend()
+    elif name == "trio":
+        from .trio import TrioBackend
+
+        return TrioBackend()
+    elif name == "curio":
+        from .curio import CurioBackend
+
+        return CurioBackend()
+    elif name == "anyio":
+        from .anyio import AnyIOBackend
+
+        return AnyIOBackend()
+
+    raise ValueError("Invalid backend name {name!r}")
+
+
+def lookup_sync_backend(name: str) -> "SyncBackend":
+    from .sync import SyncBackend
+
+    return SyncBackend()
+
+
+class AsyncSocketStream:
+    """
+    A socket stream with read/write operations. Abstracts away any asyncio-specific
+    interfaces into a more generic base class, that we can use with alternate
+    backends, or for stand-alone test cases.
+    """
+
+    def get_http_version(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> "AsyncSocketStream":
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def read(self, n: int, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def write(self, data: bytes, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def is_readable(self) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class AsyncLock:
+    """
+    An abstract interface for Lock classes.
+    """
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.release()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class AsyncSemaphore:
+    """
+    An abstract interface for Semaphore classes.
+    Abstracts away any asyncio-specific interfaces.
+    """
+
+    async def acquire(self, timeout: float = None) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class AsyncBackend:
+    async def open_tcp_stream(
+        self,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        port: int,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+        *,
+        local_address: Optional[str],
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def open_uds_stream(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def create_lock(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def create_semaphore(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type) -> AsyncSemaphore:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def time(self) -> float:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_backends/curio.py b/packages/httpcore/_backends/curio.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99a7b2cc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_backends/curio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+from ssl import SSLContext, SSLSocket
+from typing import Optional
+
+import curio
+import curio.io
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._types import TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import get_logger, is_socket_readable
+from .base import AsyncBackend, AsyncLock, AsyncSemaphore, AsyncSocketStream
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS = float(60 * 60 * 24)
+
+
+def convert_timeout(value: Optional[float]) -> float:
+    return value if value is not None else ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS
+
+
+class Lock(AsyncLock):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = curio.Lock()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        await self._lock.release()
+
+
+class Semaphore(AsyncSemaphore):
+    def __init__(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type) -> None:
+        self.max_value = max_value
+        self.exc_class = exc_class
+
+    @property
+    def semaphore(self) -> curio.Semaphore:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_semaphore"):
+            self._semaphore = curio.Semaphore(value=self.max_value)
+        return self._semaphore
+
+    async def acquire(self, timeout: float = None) -> None:
+        timeout = convert_timeout(timeout)
+
+        try:
+            return await curio.timeout_after(timeout, self.semaphore.acquire())
+        except curio.TaskTimeout:
+            raise self.exc_class()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        await self.semaphore.release()
+
+
+class SocketStream(AsyncSocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, socket: curio.io.Socket) -> None:
+        self.read_lock = curio.Lock()
+        self.write_lock = curio.Lock()
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.stream = socket.as_stream()
+
+    def get_http_version(self) -> str:
+        if hasattr(self.socket, "_socket"):
+            raw_socket = self.socket._socket
+
+            if isinstance(raw_socket, SSLSocket):
+                ident = raw_socket.selected_alpn_protocol()
+                return "HTTP/2" if ident == "h2" else "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        return "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> "AsyncSocketStream":
+        connect_timeout = convert_timeout(timeout.get("connect"))
+        exc_map = {
+            curio.TaskTimeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            curio.CurioError: ConnectError,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            wrapped_sock = curio.io.Socket(
+                ssl_context.wrap_socket(
+                    self.socket._socket,
+                    do_handshake_on_connect=False,
+                    server_hostname=hostname.decode("ascii"),
+                )
+            )
+
+            await curio.timeout_after(
+                connect_timeout,
+                wrapped_sock.do_handshake(),
+            )
+
+            return SocketStream(wrapped_sock)
+
+    async def read(self, n: int, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> bytes:
+        read_timeout = convert_timeout(timeout.get("read"))
+        exc_map = {
+            curio.TaskTimeout: ReadTimeout,
+            curio.CurioError: ReadError,
+            OSError: ReadError,
+        }
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            async with self.read_lock:
+                return await curio.timeout_after(read_timeout, self.stream.read(n))
+
+    async def write(self, data: bytes, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        write_timeout = convert_timeout(timeout.get("write"))
+        exc_map = {
+            curio.TaskTimeout: WriteTimeout,
+            curio.CurioError: WriteError,
+            OSError: WriteError,
+        }
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            async with self.write_lock:
+                await curio.timeout_after(write_timeout, self.stream.write(data))
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.stream.close()
+        await self.socket.close()
+
+    def is_readable(self) -> bool:
+        return is_socket_readable(self.socket)
+
+
+class CurioBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    async def open_tcp_stream(
+        self,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        port: int,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+        *,
+        local_address: Optional[str],
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        connect_timeout = convert_timeout(timeout.get("connect"))
+        exc_map = {
+            curio.TaskTimeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            curio.CurioError: ConnectError,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        host = hostname.decode("ascii")
+
+        kwargs: dict = {}
+        if ssl_context is not None:
+            kwargs["ssl"] = ssl_context
+            kwargs["server_hostname"] = host
+        if local_address is not None:
+            kwargs["source_addr"] = (local_address, 0)
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            sock: curio.io.Socket = await curio.timeout_after(
+                connect_timeout,
+                curio.open_connection(hostname, port, **kwargs),
+            )
+
+            return SocketStream(sock)
+
+    async def open_uds_stream(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        connect_timeout = convert_timeout(timeout.get("connect"))
+        exc_map = {
+            curio.TaskTimeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            curio.CurioError: ConnectError,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        host = hostname.decode("ascii")
+        kwargs = (
+            {} if ssl_context is None else {"ssl": ssl_context, "server_hostname": host}
+        )
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            sock: curio.io.Socket = await curio.timeout_after(
+                connect_timeout, curio.open_unix_connection(path, **kwargs)
+            )
+
+            return SocketStream(sock)
+
+    def create_lock(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        return Lock()
+
+    def create_semaphore(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type) -> AsyncSemaphore:
+        return Semaphore(max_value, exc_class)
+
+    async def time(self) -> float:
+        return await curio.clock()
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await curio.sleep(seconds)
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py b/packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee8f94b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+import socket
+import threading
+import time
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Optional, Type
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._types import TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import is_socket_readable
+
+
+class SyncSocketStream:
+    """
+    A socket stream with read/write operations. Abstracts away any asyncio-specific
+    interfaces into a more generic base class, that we can use with alternate
+    backends, or for stand-alone test cases.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sock: socket.socket) -> None:
+        self.sock = sock
+        self.read_lock = threading.Lock()
+        self.write_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def get_http_version(self) -> str:
+        selected_alpn_protocol = getattr(self.sock, "selected_alpn_protocol", None)
+        if selected_alpn_protocol is not None:
+            ident = selected_alpn_protocol()
+            return "HTTP/2" if ident == "h2" else "HTTP/1.1"
+        return "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> "SyncSocketStream":
+        connect_timeout = timeout.get("connect")
+        exc_map = {socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout, socket.error: ConnectError}
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            self.sock.settimeout(connect_timeout)
+            wrapped = ssl_context.wrap_socket(
+                self.sock, server_hostname=hostname.decode("ascii")
+            )
+
+        return SyncSocketStream(wrapped)
+
+    def read(self, n: int, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> bytes:
+        read_timeout = timeout.get("read")
+        exc_map = {socket.timeout: ReadTimeout, socket.error: ReadError}
+
+        with self.read_lock:
+            with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+                self.sock.settimeout(read_timeout)
+                return self.sock.recv(n)
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        write_timeout = timeout.get("write")
+        exc_map = {socket.timeout: WriteTimeout, socket.error: WriteError}
+
+        with self.write_lock:
+            with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+                while data:
+                    self.sock.settimeout(write_timeout)
+                    n = self.sock.send(data)
+                    data = data[n:]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        with self.write_lock:
+            try:
+                self.sock.close()
+            except socket.error:
+                pass
+
+    def is_readable(self) -> bool:
+        return is_socket_readable(self.sock)
+
+
+class SyncLock:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        self.acquire()
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    def acquire(self) -> None:
+        self._lock.acquire()
+
+
+class SyncSemaphore:
+    def __init__(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type) -> None:
+        self.max_value = max_value
+        self.exc_class = exc_class
+        self._semaphore = threading.Semaphore(max_value)
+
+    def acquire(self, timeout: float = None) -> None:
+        if not self._semaphore.acquire(timeout=timeout):  # type: ignore
+            raise self.exc_class()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.release()
+
+
+class SyncBackend:
+    def open_tcp_stream(
+        self,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        port: int,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+        *,
+        local_address: Optional[str],
+    ) -> SyncSocketStream:
+        address = (hostname.decode("ascii"), port)
+        connect_timeout = timeout.get("connect")
+        source_address = None if local_address is None else (local_address, 0)
+        exc_map = {socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout, socket.error: ConnectError}
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            sock = socket.create_connection(
+                address, connect_timeout, source_address=source_address  # type: ignore
+            )
+            if ssl_context is not None:
+                sock = ssl_context.wrap_socket(
+                    sock, server_hostname=hostname.decode("ascii")
+                )
+            return SyncSocketStream(sock=sock)
+
+    def open_uds_stream(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+    ) -> SyncSocketStream:
+        connect_timeout = timeout.get("connect")
+        exc_map = {socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout, socket.error: ConnectError}
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            sock.settimeout(connect_timeout)
+            sock.connect(path)
+
+            if ssl_context is not None:
+                sock = ssl_context.wrap_socket(
+                    sock, server_hostname=hostname.decode("ascii")
+                )
+
+            return SyncSocketStream(sock=sock)
+
+    def create_lock(self) -> SyncLock:
+        return SyncLock()
+
+    def create_semaphore(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type) -> SyncSemaphore:
+        return SyncSemaphore(max_value, exc_class=exc_class)
+
+    def time(self) -> float:
+        return time.monotonic()
+
+    def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        time.sleep(seconds)
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py b/packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6e67c2e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Optional
+
+import trio
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._types import TimeoutDict
+from .base import AsyncBackend, AsyncLock, AsyncSemaphore, AsyncSocketStream
+
+
+def none_as_inf(value: Optional[float]) -> float:
+    return value if value is not None else float("inf")
+
+
+class SocketStream(AsyncSocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: trio.abc.Stream) -> None:
+        self.stream = stream
+        self.read_lock = trio.Lock()
+        self.write_lock = trio.Lock()
+
+    def get_http_version(self) -> str:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, trio.SSLStream):
+            return "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        ident = self.stream.selected_alpn_protocol()
+        return "HTTP/2" if ident == "h2" else "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> "SocketStream":
+        connect_timeout = none_as_inf(timeout.get("connect"))
+        exc_map = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        ssl_stream = trio.SSLStream(
+            self.stream,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            server_hostname=hostname.decode("ascii"),
+        )
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(connect_timeout):
+                await ssl_stream.do_handshake()
+            return SocketStream(ssl_stream)
+
+    async def read(self, n: int, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> bytes:
+        read_timeout = none_as_inf(timeout.get("read"))
+        exc_map = {trio.TooSlowError: ReadTimeout, trio.BrokenResourceError: ReadError}
+
+        async with self.read_lock:
+            with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+                try:
+                    with trio.fail_after(read_timeout):
+                        return await self.stream.receive_some(max_bytes=n)
+                except trio.TooSlowError as exc:
+                    await self.stream.aclose()
+                    raise exc
+
+    async def write(self, data: bytes, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        if not data:
+            return
+
+        write_timeout = none_as_inf(timeout.get("write"))
+        exc_map = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: WriteTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: WriteError,
+        }
+
+        async with self.write_lock:
+            with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+                try:
+                    with trio.fail_after(write_timeout):
+                        return await self.stream.send_all(data)
+                except trio.TooSlowError as exc:
+                    await self.stream.aclose()
+                    raise exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        async with self.write_lock:
+            try:
+                await self.stream.aclose()
+            except trio.BrokenResourceError:
+                pass
+
+    def is_readable(self) -> bool:
+        # Adapted from: https://github.com/encode/httpx/pull/143#issuecomment-515202982
+        stream = self.stream
+
+        # Peek through any SSLStream wrappers to get the underlying SocketStream.
+        while isinstance(stream, trio.SSLStream):
+            stream = stream.transport_stream
+        assert isinstance(stream, trio.SocketStream)
+
+        return stream.socket.is_readable()
+
+
+class Lock(AsyncLock):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = trio.Lock()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+
+class Semaphore(AsyncSemaphore):
+    def __init__(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type):
+        self.max_value = max_value
+        self.exc_class = exc_class
+
+    @property
+    def semaphore(self) -> trio.Semaphore:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_semaphore"):
+            self._semaphore = trio.Semaphore(self.max_value, max_value=self.max_value)
+        return self._semaphore
+
+    async def acquire(self, timeout: float = None) -> None:
+        timeout = none_as_inf(timeout)
+
+        with trio.move_on_after(timeout):
+            await self.semaphore.acquire()
+            return
+
+        raise self.exc_class()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        self.semaphore.release()
+
+
+class TrioBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    async def open_tcp_stream(
+        self,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        port: int,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+        *,
+        local_address: Optional[str],
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        connect_timeout = none_as_inf(timeout.get("connect"))
+        # Trio will support local_address from 0.16.1 onwards.
+        # We only include the keyword argument if a local_address
+        #  argument has been passed.
+        kwargs: dict = {} if local_address is None else {"local_address": local_address}
+        exc_map = {
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(connect_timeout):
+                stream: trio.abc.Stream = await trio.open_tcp_stream(
+                    hostname, port, **kwargs
+                )
+
+                if ssl_context is not None:
+                    stream = trio.SSLStream(
+                        stream, ssl_context, server_hostname=hostname.decode("ascii")
+                    )
+                    await stream.do_handshake()
+
+                return SocketStream(stream=stream)
+
+    async def open_uds_stream(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        hostname: bytes,
+        ssl_context: Optional[SSLContext],
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+    ) -> AsyncSocketStream:
+        connect_timeout = none_as_inf(timeout.get("connect"))
+        exc_map = {
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(connect_timeout):
+                stream: trio.abc.Stream = await trio.open_unix_socket(path)
+
+                if ssl_context is not None:
+                    stream = trio.SSLStream(
+                        stream, ssl_context, server_hostname=hostname.decode("ascii")
+                    )
+                    await stream.do_handshake()
+
+                return SocketStream(stream=stream)
+
+    def create_lock(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        return Lock()
+
+    def create_semaphore(self, max_value: int, exc_class: type) -> AsyncSemaphore:
+        return Semaphore(max_value, exc_class=exc_class)
+
+    async def time(self) -> float:
+        return trio.current_time()
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await trio.sleep(seconds)
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_bytestreams.py b/packages/httpcore/_bytestreams.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..317f41103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_bytestreams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+from typing import AsyncIterator, Callable, Iterator
+
+from ._async.base import AsyncByteStream
+from ._sync.base import SyncByteStream
+
+
+class ByteStream(AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream):
+    """
+    A concrete implementation for either sync or async byte streams.
+
+    Example::
+
+        stream = httpcore.ByteStream(b"123")
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    content:
+        A plain byte string used as the content of the stream.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, content: bytes) -> None:
+        self._content = content
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._content
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._content
+
+
+class IteratorByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    """
+    A concrete implementation for sync byte streams.
+
+    Example::
+
+        def generate_content():
+            yield b"Hello, world!"
+            ...
+
+        stream = httpcore.IteratorByteStream(generate_content())
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    iterator:
+        A sync byte iterator, used as the content of the stream.
+    close_func:
+        An optional function called when closing the stream.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, iterator: Iterator[bytes], close_func: Callable = None) -> None:
+        self._iterator = iterator
+        self._close_func = close_func
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self._iterator:
+            yield chunk
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._close_func is not None:
+            self._close_func()
+
+
+class AsyncIteratorByteStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    """
+    A concrete implementation for async byte streams.
+
+    Example::
+
+        async def generate_content():
+            yield b"Hello, world!"
+            ...
+
+        stream = httpcore.AsyncIteratorByteStream(generate_content())
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    aiterator:
+        An async byte iterator, used as the content of the stream.
+    aclose_func:
+        An optional async function called when closing the stream.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, aiterator: AsyncIterator[bytes], aclose_func: Callable = None
+    ) -> None:
+        self._aiterator = aiterator
+        self._aclose_func = aclose_func
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        async for chunk in self._aiterator:
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._aclose_func is not None:
+            await self._aclose_func()
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py b/packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba5682999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import contextlib
+from typing import Dict, Iterator, Type
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def map_exceptions(map: Dict[Type[Exception], Type[Exception]]) -> Iterator[None]:
+    try:
+        yield
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: PIE786
+        for from_exc, to_exc in map.items():
+            if isinstance(exc, from_exc):
+                raise to_exc(exc) from None
+        raise
+
+
+class UnsupportedProtocol(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ProtocolError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    pass
+
+
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    pass
+
+
+class ProxyError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# Timeout errors
+
+
+class TimeoutException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class PoolTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConnectTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ReadTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+class WriteTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+# Network errors
+
+
+class NetworkError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConnectError(NetworkError):
+    pass
+
+
+class ReadError(NetworkError):
+    pass
+
+
+class WriteError(NetworkError):
+    pass
+
+
+class CloseError(NetworkError):
+    pass
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py b/packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_sync/base.py b/packages/httpcore/_sync/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45ef4abfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_sync/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import enum
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Iterator, Tuple, Type
+
+from .._types import URL, Headers, T
+
+
+class NewConnectionRequired(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    """
+    PENDING  READY
+        |    |   ^
+        v    V   |
+        ACTIVE   |
+         |  |    |
+         |  V    |
+         V  IDLE-+
+       FULL   |
+         |    |
+         V    V
+         CLOSED
+    """
+
+    PENDING = 0  # Connection not yet acquired.
+    READY = 1  # Re-acquired from pool, about to send a request.
+    ACTIVE = 2  # Active requests.
+    FULL = 3  # Active requests, no more stream IDs available.
+    IDLE = 4  # No active requests.
+    CLOSED = 5  # Connection closed.
+
+
+class SyncByteStream:
+    """
+    The base interface for request and response bodies.
+
+    Concrete implementations should subclass this class, and implement
+    the :meth:`__iter__` method, and optionally the :meth:`close` method.
+    """
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        Yield bytes representing the request or response body.
+        """
+        yield b""  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Must be called by the client to indicate that the stream has been closed.
+        """
+        pass  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return b"".join([part for part in self])
+        finally:
+            self.close()
+
+
+class SyncHTTPTransport:
+    """
+    The base interface for sending HTTP requests.
+
+    Concrete implementations should subclass this class, and implement
+    the :meth:`handle_request` method, and optionally the :meth:`close` method.
+    """
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, SyncByteStream, dict]:
+        """
+        The interface for sending a single HTTP request, and returning a response.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        method:
+            The HTTP method, such as ``b'GET'``.
+        url:
+            The URL as a 4-tuple of (scheme, host, port, path).
+        headers:
+            Any HTTP headers to send with the request.
+        stream:
+            The body of the HTTP request.
+        extensions:
+            A dictionary of optional extensions.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        status_code:
+            The HTTP status code, such as ``200``.
+        headers:
+            Any HTTP headers included on the response.
+        stream:
+            The body of the HTTP response.
+        extensions:
+            A dictionary of optional extensions.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the implementation, which should close any outstanding response streams,
+        and any keep alive connections.
+        """
+
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py b/packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..382a4f9f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, cast
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend, SyncLock, SyncSocketStream, SyncBackend
+from .._exceptions import ConnectError, ConnectTimeout
+from .._types import URL, Headers, Origin, TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import exponential_backoff, get_logger, url_to_origin
+from .base import SyncByteStream, SyncHTTPTransport, NewConnectionRequired
+from .http import SyncBaseHTTPConnection
+from .http11 import SyncHTTP11Connection
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR = 0.5  # 0s, 0.5s, 1s, 2s, 4s, etc.
+
+
+class SyncHTTPConnection(SyncHTTPTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        keepalive_expiry: float = None,
+        uds: str = None,
+        ssl_context: SSLContext = None,
+        socket: SyncSocketStream = None,
+        local_address: str = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        backend: SyncBackend = None,
+    ):
+        self.origin = origin
+        self._http1_enabled = http1
+        self._http2_enabled = http2
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._uds = uds
+        self._ssl_context = SSLContext() if ssl_context is None else ssl_context
+        self.socket = socket
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._retries = retries
+
+        alpn_protocols: List[str] = []
+        if http1:
+            alpn_protocols.append("http/1.1")
+        if http2:
+            alpn_protocols.append("h2")
+
+        self._ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+        self.connection: Optional[SyncBaseHTTPConnection] = None
+        self._is_http11 = False
+        self._is_http2 = False
+        self._connect_failed = False
+        self._expires_at: Optional[float] = None
+        self._backend = SyncBackend() if backend is None else backend
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<SyncHTTPConnection [{self.info()}]>"
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self.connection is None:
+            return "Connection failed" if self._connect_failed else "Connecting"
+        return self.connection.info()
+
+    def should_close(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+        This occurs when any of the following occur:
+
+        * There are no active requests on an HTTP/1.1 connection, and the underlying
+          socket is readable. The only valid state the socket can be readable in
+          if this occurs is when the b"" EOF marker is about to be returned,
+          indicating a server disconnect.
+        * There are no active requests being made and the keepalive timeout has passed.
+        """
+        if self.connection is None:
+            return False
+        return self.connection.should_close()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        if self.connection is None:
+            return False
+        return self.connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self.connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self.connection.is_closed()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an outgoing request.
+        This occurs when any of the following occur:
+
+        * The connection has not yet been opened, and HTTP/2 support is enabled.
+          We don't *know* at this point if we'll end up on an HTTP/2 connection or
+          not, but we *might* do, so we indicate availability.
+        * The connection has been opened, and is currently idle.
+        * The connection is open, and is an HTTP/2 connection. The connection must
+          also not currently be exceeding the maximum number of allowable concurrent
+          streams and must not have exhausted the maximum total number of stream IDs.
+        """
+        if self.connection is None:
+            return self._http2_enabled and not self.is_closed
+        return self.connection.is_available()
+
+    @property
+    def request_lock(self) -> SyncLock:
+        # We do this lazily, to make sure backend autodetection always
+        # runs within an async context.
+        if not hasattr(self, "_request_lock"):
+            self._request_lock = self._backend.create_lock()
+        return self._request_lock
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, SyncByteStream, dict]:
+        assert url_to_origin(url) == self.origin
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+
+        with self.request_lock:
+            if self.connection is None:
+                if self._connect_failed:
+                    raise NewConnectionRequired()
+                if not self.socket:
+                    logger.trace(
+                        "open_socket origin=%r timeout=%r", self.origin, timeout
+                    )
+                    self.socket = self._open_socket(timeout)
+                self._create_connection(self.socket)
+            elif not self.connection.is_available():
+                raise NewConnectionRequired()
+
+        assert self.connection is not None
+        logger.trace(
+            "connection.handle_request method=%r url=%r headers=%r",
+            method,
+            url,
+            headers,
+        )
+        return self.connection.handle_request(
+            method, url, headers, stream, extensions
+        )
+
+    def _open_socket(self, timeout: TimeoutDict = None) -> SyncSocketStream:
+        scheme, hostname, port = self.origin
+        timeout = {} if timeout is None else timeout
+        ssl_context = self._ssl_context if scheme == b"https" else None
+
+        retries_left = self._retries
+        delays = exponential_backoff(factor=RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR)
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                if self._uds is None:
+                    return self._backend.open_tcp_stream(
+                        hostname,
+                        port,
+                        ssl_context,
+                        timeout,
+                        local_address=self._local_address,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    return self._backend.open_uds_stream(
+                        self._uds, hostname, ssl_context, timeout
+                    )
+            except (ConnectError, ConnectTimeout):
+                if retries_left <= 0:
+                    self._connect_failed = True
+                    raise
+                retries_left -= 1
+                delay = next(delays)
+                self._backend.sleep(delay)
+            except Exception:  # noqa: PIE786
+                self._connect_failed = True
+                raise
+
+    def _create_connection(self, socket: SyncSocketStream) -> None:
+        http_version = socket.get_http_version()
+        logger.trace(
+            "create_connection socket=%r http_version=%r", socket, http_version
+        )
+        if http_version == "HTTP/2" or (
+            self._http2_enabled and not self._http1_enabled
+        ):
+            from .http2 import SyncHTTP2Connection
+
+            self._is_http2 = True
+            self.connection = SyncHTTP2Connection(
+                socket=socket,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                backend=self._backend,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._is_http11 = True
+            self.connection = SyncHTTP11Connection(
+                socket=socket, keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry
+            )
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.connection is not None:
+            logger.trace("start_tls hostname=%r timeout=%r", hostname, timeout)
+            self.socket = self.connection.start_tls(
+                hostname, ssl_context, timeout
+            )
+            logger.trace("start_tls complete hostname=%r timeout=%r", hostname, timeout)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        with self.request_lock:
+            if self.connection is not None:
+                self.connection.close()
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py b/packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22ca98fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+import warnings
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import (
+    Iterator,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend, SyncLock, SyncSemaphore
+from .._backends.base import lookup_sync_backend
+from .._exceptions import LocalProtocolError, PoolTimeout, UnsupportedProtocol
+from .._threadlock import ThreadLock
+from .._types import URL, Headers, Origin, TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import get_logger, origin_to_url_string, url_to_origin
+from .base import SyncByteStream, SyncHTTPTransport, NewConnectionRequired
+from .connection import SyncHTTPConnection
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class NullSemaphore(SyncSemaphore):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def acquire(self, timeout: float = None) -> None:
+        return
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        return
+
+
+class ResponseByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        connection: SyncHTTPConnection,
+        callback: Callable,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A wrapper around the response stream that we return from
+        `.handle_request()`.
+
+        Ensures that when `stream.close()` is called, the connection pool
+        is notified via a callback.
+        """
+        self.stream = stream
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.callback = callback
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self.stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            # Call the underlying stream close callback.
+            # This will be a call to `SyncHTTP11Connection._response_closed()`
+            # or `SyncHTTP2Stream._response_closed()`.
+            self.stream.close()
+        finally:
+            # Call the connection pool close callback.
+            # This will be a call to `SyncConnectionPool._response_closed()`.
+            self.callback(self.connection)
+
+
+class SyncConnectionPool(SyncHTTPTransport):
+    """
+    A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ssl_context:
+        An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+    max_connections:
+        The maximum number of concurrent connections to allow.
+    max_keepalive_connections:
+        The maximum number of connections to allow before closing keep-alive
+        connections.
+    keepalive_expiry:
+        The maximum time to allow before closing a keep-alive connection.
+    http1:
+        Enable/Disable HTTP/1.1 support. Defaults to True.
+    http2:
+        Enable/Disable HTTP/2 support. Defaults to False.
+    uds:
+        Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+    local_address:
+        Local address to connect from. Can also be used to connect using a particular
+        address family. Using ``local_address="0.0.0.0"`` will connect using an
+        ``AF_INET`` address (IPv4), while using ``local_address="::"`` will connect
+        using an ``AF_INET6`` address (IPv6).
+    retries:
+        The maximum number of retries when trying to establish a connection.
+    backend:
+        A name indicating which concurrency backend to use.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: SSLContext = None,
+        max_connections: int = None,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        uds: str = None,
+        local_address: str = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        max_keepalive: int = None,
+        backend: Union[SyncBackend, str] = "sync",
+    ):
+        if max_keepalive is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "'max_keepalive' is deprecated. Use 'max_keepalive_connections'.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            max_keepalive_connections = max_keepalive
+
+        if isinstance(backend, str):
+            backend = lookup_sync_backend(backend)
+
+        self._ssl_context = SSLContext() if ssl_context is None else ssl_context
+        self._max_connections = max_connections
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = max_keepalive_connections
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._uds = uds
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._connections: Dict[Origin, Set[SyncHTTPConnection]] = {}
+        self._thread_lock = ThreadLock()
+        self._backend = backend
+        self._next_keepalive_check = 0.0
+
+        if not (http1 or http2):
+            raise ValueError("Either http1 or http2 must be True.")
+
+        if http2:
+            try:
+                import h2  # noqa: F401
+            except ImportError:
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Attempted to use http2=True, but the 'h2' "
+                    "package is not installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[http2]'."
+                )
+
+    @property
+    def _connection_semaphore(self) -> SyncSemaphore:
+        # We do this lazily, to make sure backend autodetection always
+        # runs within an async context.
+        if not hasattr(self, "_internal_semaphore"):
+            if self._max_connections is not None:
+                self._internal_semaphore = self._backend.create_semaphore(
+                    self._max_connections, exc_class=PoolTimeout
+                )
+            else:
+                self._internal_semaphore = NullSemaphore()
+
+        return self._internal_semaphore
+
+    @property
+    def _connection_acquiry_lock(self) -> SyncLock:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_internal_connection_acquiry_lock"):
+            self._internal_connection_acquiry_lock = self._backend.create_lock()
+        return self._internal_connection_acquiry_lock
+
+    def _create_connection(
+        self,
+        origin: Tuple[bytes, bytes, int],
+    ) -> SyncHTTPConnection:
+        return SyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=origin,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            uds=self._uds,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            local_address=self._local_address,
+            retries=self._retries,
+            backend=self._backend,
+        )
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, SyncByteStream, dict]:
+        if url[0] not in (b"http", b"https"):
+            scheme = url[0].decode("latin-1")
+            host = url[1].decode("latin-1")
+            if scheme == "":
+                raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                    f"The request to '://{host}/' is missing either an 'http://' \
+                        or 'https://' protocol."
+                )
+            else:
+                raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                    f"The request to '{scheme}://{host}' has \
+                        an unsupported protocol {scheme!r}"
+                )
+
+        if not url[1]:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Missing hostname in URL.")
+
+        origin = url_to_origin(url)
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+
+        self._keepalive_sweep()
+
+        connection: Optional[SyncHTTPConnection] = None
+        while connection is None:
+            with self._connection_acquiry_lock:
+                # We get-or-create a connection as an atomic operation, to ensure
+                # that HTTP/2 requests issued in close concurrency will end up
+                # on the same connection.
+                logger.trace("get_connection_from_pool=%r", origin)
+                connection = self._get_connection_from_pool(origin)
+
+                if connection is None:
+                    connection = self._create_connection(origin=origin)
+                    logger.trace("created connection=%r", connection)
+                    self._add_to_pool(connection, timeout=timeout)
+                else:
+                    logger.trace("reuse connection=%r", connection)
+
+            try:
+                response = connection.handle_request(
+                    method, url, headers=headers, stream=stream, extensions=extensions
+                )
+            except NewConnectionRequired:
+                connection = None
+            except BaseException:  # noqa: PIE786
+                # See https://github.com/encode/httpcore/pull/305 for motivation
+                # behind catching 'BaseException' rather than 'Exception' here.
+                logger.trace("remove from pool connection=%r", connection)
+                self._remove_from_pool(connection)
+                raise
+
+        status_code, headers, stream, extensions = response
+        wrapped_stream = ResponseByteStream(
+            stream, connection=connection, callback=self._response_closed
+        )
+        return status_code, headers, wrapped_stream, extensions
+
+    def _get_connection_from_pool(
+        self, origin: Origin
+    ) -> Optional[SyncHTTPConnection]:
+        # Determine expired keep alive connections on this origin.
+        reuse_connection = None
+        connections_to_close = set()
+
+        for connection in self._connections_for_origin(origin):
+            if connection.should_close():
+                connections_to_close.add(connection)
+                self._remove_from_pool(connection)
+            elif connection.is_available():
+                reuse_connection = connection
+
+        # Close any dropped connections.
+        for connection in connections_to_close:
+            connection.close()
+
+        return reuse_connection
+
+    def _response_closed(self, connection: SyncHTTPConnection) -> None:
+        remove_from_pool = False
+        close_connection = False
+
+        if connection.is_closed():
+            remove_from_pool = True
+        elif connection.is_idle():
+            num_connections = len(self._get_all_connections())
+            if (
+                self._max_keepalive_connections is not None
+                and num_connections > self._max_keepalive_connections
+            ):
+                remove_from_pool = True
+                close_connection = True
+
+        if remove_from_pool:
+            self._remove_from_pool(connection)
+
+        if close_connection:
+            connection.close()
+
+    def _keepalive_sweep(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove any IDLE connections that have expired past their keep-alive time.
+        """
+        if self._keepalive_expiry is None:
+            return
+
+        now = self._backend.time()
+        if now < self._next_keepalive_check:
+            return
+
+        self._next_keepalive_check = now + min(1.0, self._keepalive_expiry)
+        connections_to_close = set()
+
+        for connection in self._get_all_connections():
+            if connection.should_close():
+                connections_to_close.add(connection)
+                self._remove_from_pool(connection)
+
+        for connection in connections_to_close:
+            connection.close()
+
+    def _add_to_pool(
+        self, connection: SyncHTTPConnection, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        logger.trace("adding connection to pool=%r", connection)
+        self._connection_semaphore.acquire(timeout=timeout.get("pool", None))
+        with self._thread_lock:
+            self._connections.setdefault(connection.origin, set())
+            self._connections[connection.origin].add(connection)
+
+    def _remove_from_pool(self, connection: SyncHTTPConnection) -> None:
+        logger.trace("removing connection from pool=%r", connection)
+        with self._thread_lock:
+            if connection in self._connections.get(connection.origin, set()):
+                self._connection_semaphore.release()
+                self._connections[connection.origin].remove(connection)
+                if not self._connections[connection.origin]:
+                    del self._connections[connection.origin]
+
+    def _connections_for_origin(self, origin: Origin) -> Set[SyncHTTPConnection]:
+        return set(self._connections.get(origin, set()))
+
+    def _get_all_connections(self) -> Set[SyncHTTPConnection]:
+        connections: Set[SyncHTTPConnection] = set()
+        for connection_set in self._connections.values():
+            connections |= connection_set
+        return connections
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        connections = self._get_all_connections()
+        for connection in connections:
+            self._remove_from_pool(connection)
+
+        # Close all connections
+        for connection in connections:
+            connection.close()
+
+    def get_connection_info(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+        """
+        Returns a dict of origin URLs to a list of summary strings for each connection.
+        """
+        self._keepalive_sweep()
+
+        stats = {}
+        for origin, connections in self._connections.items():
+            stats[origin_to_url_string(origin)] = sorted(
+                [connection.info() for connection in connections]
+            )
+        return stats
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_sync/http.py b/packages/httpcore/_sync/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c128a96b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_sync/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from ssl import SSLContext
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncSocketStream
+from .._types import TimeoutDict
+from .base import SyncHTTPTransport
+
+
+class SyncBaseHTTPConnection(SyncHTTPTransport):
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def should_close(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an outgoing request.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict = None
+    ) -> SyncSocketStream:
+        """
+        Upgrade the underlying socket to TLS.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py b/packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5dbb42e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+import enum
+import time
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+import h11
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncSocketStream
+from .._bytestreams import IteratorByteStream
+from .._exceptions import LocalProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError, map_exceptions
+from .._types import URL, Headers, TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import get_logger
+from .base import SyncByteStream, NewConnectionRequired
+from .http import SyncBaseHTTPConnection
+
+H11Event = Union[
+    h11.Request,
+    h11.Response,
+    h11.InformationalResponse,
+    h11.Data,
+    h11.EndOfMessage,
+    h11.ConnectionClosed,
+]
+
+
+class ConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    NEW = 0
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class SyncHTTP11Connection(SyncBaseHTTPConnection):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(self, socket: SyncSocketStream, keepalive_expiry: float = None):
+        self.socket = socket
+
+        self._keepalive_expiry: Optional[float] = keepalive_expiry
+        self._should_expire_at: Optional[float] = None
+        self._h11_state = h11.Connection(our_role=h11.CLIENT)
+        self._state = ConnectionState.NEW
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<SyncHTTP11Connection [{self._state.name}]>"
+
+    def _now(self) -> float:
+        return time.monotonic()
+
+    def _server_disconnected(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the connection is idle, and the underlying socket is readable.
+        The only valid state the socket can be readable here is when the b""
+        EOF marker is about to be returned, indicating a server disconnect.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE and self.socket.is_readable()
+
+    def _keepalive_expired(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the connection is idle, and has passed it's keepalive
+        expiry time.
+        """
+        return (
+            self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE
+            and self._should_expire_at is not None
+            and self._now() >= self._should_expire_at
+        )
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return f"HTTP/1.1, {self._state.name}"
+
+    def should_close(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+        """
+        return self._server_disconnected() or self._keepalive_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an outgoing request.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, SyncByteStream, dict]:
+        """
+        Send a single HTTP/1.1 request.
+
+        Note that there is no kind of task/thread locking at this layer of interface.
+        Dealing with locking for concurrency is handled by the `SyncHTTPConnection`.
+        """
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+
+        if self._state in (ConnectionState.NEW, ConnectionState.IDLE):
+            self._state = ConnectionState.ACTIVE
+            self._should_expire_at = None
+        else:
+            raise NewConnectionRequired()
+
+        self._send_request(method, url, headers, timeout)
+        self._send_request_body(stream, timeout)
+        (
+            http_version,
+            status_code,
+            reason_phrase,
+            headers,
+        ) = self._receive_response(timeout)
+        response_stream = IteratorByteStream(
+            iterator=self._receive_response_data(timeout),
+            close_func=self._response_closed,
+        )
+        extensions = {
+            "http_version": http_version,
+            "reason_phrase": reason_phrase,
+        }
+        return (status_code, headers, response_stream, extensions)
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict = None
+    ) -> SyncSocketStream:
+        timeout = {} if timeout is None else timeout
+        self.socket = self.socket.start_tls(hostname, ssl_context, timeout)
+        return self.socket
+
+    def _send_request(
+        self, method: bytes, url: URL, headers: Headers, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the request line and headers.
+        """
+        logger.trace("send_request method=%r url=%r headers=%s", method, url, headers)
+        _scheme, _host, _port, target = url
+        with map_exceptions({h11.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError}):
+            event = h11.Request(method=method, target=target, headers=headers)
+        self._send_event(event, timeout)
+
+    def _send_request_body(
+        self, stream: SyncByteStream, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the request body.
+        """
+        # Send the request body.
+        for chunk in stream:
+            logger.trace("send_data=Data(<%d bytes>)", len(chunk))
+            event = h11.Data(data=chunk)
+            self._send_event(event, timeout)
+
+        # Finalize sending the request.
+        event = h11.EndOfMessage()
+        self._send_event(event, timeout)
+
+    def _send_event(self, event: H11Event, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a single `h11` event to the network, waiting for the data to
+        drain before returning.
+        """
+        bytes_to_send = self._h11_state.send(event)
+        self.socket.write(bytes_to_send, timeout)
+
+    def _receive_response(
+        self, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> Tuple[bytes, int, bytes, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]]:
+        """
+        Read the response status and headers from the network.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_event(timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Response):
+                break
+
+        http_version = b"HTTP/" + event.http_version
+
+        # h11 version 0.11+ supports a `raw_items` interface to get the
+        # raw header casing, rather than the enforced lowercase headers.
+        headers = event.headers.raw_items()
+
+        return http_version, event.status_code, event.reason, headers
+
+    def _receive_response_data(
+        self, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        Read the response data from the network.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_event(timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Data):
+                logger.trace("receive_event=Data(<%d bytes>)", len(event.data))
+                yield bytes(event.data)
+            elif isinstance(event, (h11.EndOfMessage, h11.PAUSED)):
+                logger.trace("receive_event=%r", event)
+                break
+
+    def _receive_event(self, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> H11Event:
+        """
+        Read a single `h11` event, reading more data from the network if needed.
+        """
+        while True:
+            with map_exceptions({h11.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError}):
+                event = self._h11_state.next_event()
+
+            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                data = self.socket.read(self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout)
+
+                # If we feed this case through h11 we'll raise an exception like:
+                #
+                #     httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: can't handle event type
+                #     ConnectionClosed when role=SERVER and state=SEND_RESPONSE
+                #
+                # Which is accurate, but not very informative from an end-user
+                # perspective. Instead we handle messaging for this case distinctly.
+                if data == b"" and self._h11_state.their_state == h11.SEND_RESPONSE:
+                    msg = "Server disconnected without sending a response."
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(msg)
+
+                self._h11_state.receive_data(data)
+            else:
+                assert event is not h11.NEED_DATA
+                break
+        return event
+
+    def _response_closed(self) -> None:
+        logger.trace(
+            "response_closed our_state=%r their_state=%r",
+            self._h11_state.our_state,
+            self._h11_state.their_state,
+        )
+        if (
+            self._h11_state.our_state is h11.DONE
+            and self._h11_state.their_state is h11.DONE
+        ):
+            self._h11_state.start_next_cycle()
+            self._state = ConnectionState.IDLE
+            if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                self._should_expire_at = self._now() + self._keepalive_expiry
+        else:
+            self.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._state != ConnectionState.CLOSED:
+            self._state = ConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+            if self._h11_state.our_state is h11.MUST_CLOSE:
+                event = h11.ConnectionClosed()
+                self._h11_state.send(event)
+
+            self.socket.close()
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py b/packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90caf5faf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+import enum
+import time
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Iterator, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, cast
+
+import h2.connection
+import h2.events
+from h2.config import H2Configuration
+from h2.exceptions import NoAvailableStreamIDError
+from h2.settings import SettingCodes, Settings
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend, SyncLock, SyncSemaphore, SyncSocketStream
+from .._bytestreams import IteratorByteStream
+from .._exceptions import LocalProtocolError, PoolTimeout, RemoteProtocolError
+from .._types import URL, Headers, TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import get_logger
+from .base import SyncByteStream, NewConnectionRequired
+from .http import SyncBaseHTTPConnection
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class ConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    IDLE = 0
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    CLOSED = 2
+
+
+class SyncHTTP2Connection(SyncBaseHTTPConnection):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    CONFIG = H2Configuration(validate_inbound_headers=False)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socket: SyncSocketStream,
+        backend: SyncBackend,
+        keepalive_expiry: float = None,
+    ):
+        self.socket = socket
+
+        self._backend = backend
+        self._h2_state = h2.connection.H2Connection(config=self.CONFIG)
+
+        self._sent_connection_init = False
+        self._streams: Dict[int, SyncHTTP2Stream] = {}
+        self._events: Dict[int, List[h2.events.Event]] = {}
+
+        self._keepalive_expiry: Optional[float] = keepalive_expiry
+        self._should_expire_at: Optional[float] = None
+        self._state = ConnectionState.ACTIVE
+        self._exhausted_available_stream_ids = False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<SyncHTTP2Connection [{self._state}]>"
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return f"HTTP/2, {self._state.name}, {len(self._streams)} streams"
+
+    def _now(self) -> float:
+        return time.monotonic()
+
+    def should_close(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle, and the keepalive
+        timeout has passed.
+        """
+        return (
+            self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE
+            and self._should_expire_at is not None
+            and self._now() >= self._should_expire_at
+        )
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+        """
+        return self._state == ConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an outgoing request.
+        This occurs when any of the following occur:
+
+        * The connection has not yet been opened, and HTTP/2 support is enabled.
+          We don't *know* at this point if we'll end up on an HTTP/2 connection or
+          not, but we *might* do, so we indicate availability.
+        * The connection has been opened, and is currently idle.
+        * The connection is open, and is an HTTP/2 connection. The connection must
+          also not have exhausted the maximum total number of stream IDs.
+        """
+        return (
+            self._state != ConnectionState.CLOSED
+            and not self._exhausted_available_stream_ids
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def init_lock(self) -> SyncLock:
+        # We do this lazily, to make sure backend autodetection always
+        # runs within an async context.
+        if not hasattr(self, "_initialization_lock"):
+            self._initialization_lock = self._backend.create_lock()
+        return self._initialization_lock
+
+    @property
+    def read_lock(self) -> SyncLock:
+        # We do this lazily, to make sure backend autodetection always
+        # runs within an async context.
+        if not hasattr(self, "_read_lock"):
+            self._read_lock = self._backend.create_lock()
+        return self._read_lock
+
+    @property
+    def max_streams_semaphore(self) -> SyncSemaphore:
+        # We do this lazily, to make sure backend autodetection always
+        # runs within an async context.
+        if not hasattr(self, "_max_streams_semaphore"):
+            max_streams = self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams
+            self._max_streams_semaphore = self._backend.create_semaphore(
+                max_streams, exc_class=PoolTimeout
+            )
+        return self._max_streams_semaphore
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self, hostname: bytes, ssl_context: SSLContext, timeout: TimeoutDict = None
+    ) -> SyncSocketStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError("TLS upgrade not supported on HTTP/2 connections.")
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, SyncByteStream, dict]:
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+
+        with self.init_lock:
+            if not self._sent_connection_init:
+                # The very first stream is responsible for initiating the connection.
+                self._state = ConnectionState.ACTIVE
+                self.send_connection_init(timeout)
+                self._sent_connection_init = True
+
+        self.max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+        try:
+            try:
+                stream_id = self._h2_state.get_next_available_stream_id()
+            except NoAvailableStreamIDError:
+                self._exhausted_available_stream_ids = True
+                raise NewConnectionRequired()
+            else:
+                self._state = ConnectionState.ACTIVE
+                self._should_expire_at = None
+
+            h2_stream = SyncHTTP2Stream(stream_id=stream_id, connection=self)
+            self._streams[stream_id] = h2_stream
+            self._events[stream_id] = []
+            return h2_stream.handle_request(
+                method, url, headers, stream, extensions
+            )
+        except Exception:  # noqa: PIE786
+            self.max_streams_semaphore.release()
+            raise
+
+    def send_connection_init(self, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        """
+        The HTTP/2 connection requires some initial setup before we can start
+        using individual request/response streams on it.
+        """
+        # Need to set these manually here instead of manipulating via
+        # __setitem__() otherwise the H2Connection will emit SettingsUpdate
+        # frames in addition to sending the undesired defaults.
+        self._h2_state.local_settings = Settings(
+            client=True,
+            initial_values={
+                # Disable PUSH_PROMISE frames from the server since we don't do anything
+                # with them for now.  Maybe when we support caching?
+                SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH: 0,
+                # These two are taken from h2 for safe defaults
+                SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: 100,
+                SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE: 65536,
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Some websites (*cough* Yahoo *cough*) balk at this setting being
+        # present in the initial handshake since it's not defined in the original
+        # RFC despite the RFC mandating ignoring settings you don't know about.
+        del self._h2_state.local_settings[
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL
+        ]
+
+        logger.trace("initiate_connection=%r", self)
+        self._h2_state.initiate_connection()
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2 ** 24)
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    def is_socket_readable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.socket.is_readable()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        logger.trace("close_connection=%r", self)
+        if self._state != ConnectionState.CLOSED:
+            self._state = ConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+            self.socket.close()
+
+    def wait_for_outgoing_flow(self, stream_id: int, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the maximum allowable outgoing flow for a given stream.
+        If the allowable flow is zero, then waits on the network until
+        WindowUpdated frames have increased the flow rate.
+        https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.9
+        """
+        local_flow = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+        connection_flow = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+        flow = min(local_flow, connection_flow)
+        while flow == 0:
+            self.receive_events(timeout)
+            local_flow = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+            connection_flow = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+            flow = min(local_flow, connection_flow)
+        return flow
+
+    def wait_for_event(
+        self, stream_id: int, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> h2.events.Event:
+        """
+        Returns the next event for a given stream.
+        If no events are available yet, then waits on the network until
+        an event is available.
+        """
+        with self.read_lock:
+            while not self._events[stream_id]:
+                self.receive_events(timeout)
+        return self._events[stream_id].pop(0)
+
+    def receive_events(self, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        """
+        Read some data from the network, and update the H2 state.
+        """
+        data = self.socket.read(self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout)
+        if data == b"":
+            raise RemoteProtocolError("Server disconnected")
+
+        events = self._h2_state.receive_data(data)
+        for event in events:
+            event_stream_id = getattr(event, "stream_id", 0)
+            logger.trace("receive_event stream_id=%r event=%s", event_stream_id, event)
+
+            if hasattr(event, "error_code"):
+                raise RemoteProtocolError(event)
+
+            if event_stream_id in self._events:
+                self._events[event_stream_id].append(event)
+
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    def send_headers(
+        self, stream_id: int, headers: Headers, end_stream: bool, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        logger.trace("send_headers stream_id=%r headers=%r", stream_id, headers)
+        self._h2_state.send_headers(stream_id, headers, end_stream=end_stream)
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2 ** 24, stream_id=stream_id)
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    def send_data(
+        self, stream_id: int, chunk: bytes, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        logger.trace("send_data stream_id=%r chunk=%r", stream_id, chunk)
+        self._h2_state.send_data(stream_id, chunk)
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    def end_stream(self, stream_id: int, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        logger.trace("end_stream stream_id=%r", stream_id)
+        self._h2_state.end_stream(stream_id)
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    def acknowledge_received_data(
+        self, stream_id: int, amount: int, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> None:
+        self._h2_state.acknowledge_received_data(amount, stream_id)
+        data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+        self.socket.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+
+    def close_stream(self, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        try:
+            logger.trace("close_stream stream_id=%r", stream_id)
+            del self._streams[stream_id]
+            del self._events[stream_id]
+
+            if not self._streams:
+                if self._state == ConnectionState.ACTIVE:
+                    if self._exhausted_available_stream_ids:
+                        self.close()
+                    else:
+                        self._state = ConnectionState.IDLE
+                        if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                            self._should_expire_at = (
+                                self._now() + self._keepalive_expiry
+                            )
+        finally:
+            self.max_streams_semaphore.release()
+
+
+class SyncHTTP2Stream:
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, connection: SyncHTTP2Connection) -> None:
+        self.stream_id = stream_id
+        self.connection = connection
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, SyncByteStream, dict]:
+        headers = [(k.lower(), v) for (k, v) in headers]
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+
+        # Send the request.
+        seen_headers = set(key for key, value in headers)
+        has_body = (
+            b"content-length" in seen_headers or b"transfer-encoding" in seen_headers
+        )
+
+        self.send_headers(method, url, headers, has_body, timeout)
+        if has_body:
+            self.send_body(stream, timeout)
+
+        # Receive the response.
+        status_code, headers = self.receive_response(timeout)
+        response_stream = IteratorByteStream(
+            iterator=self.body_iter(timeout), close_func=self._response_closed
+        )
+
+        extensions = {
+            "http_version": b"HTTP/2",
+        }
+        return (status_code, headers, response_stream, extensions)
+
+    def send_headers(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        has_body: bool,
+        timeout: TimeoutDict,
+    ) -> None:
+        scheme, hostname, port, path = url
+
+        # In HTTP/2 the ':authority' pseudo-header is used instead of 'Host'.
+        # In order to gracefully handle HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 we always require
+        # HTTP/1.1 style headers, and map them appropriately if we end up on
+        # an HTTP/2 connection.
+        authority = None
+
+        for k, v in headers:
+            if k == b"host":
+                authority = v
+                break
+
+        if authority is None:
+            # Mirror the same error we'd see with `h11`, so that the behaviour
+            # is consistent. Although we're dealing with an `:authority`
+            # pseudo-header by this point, from an end-user perspective the issue
+            # is that the outgoing request needed to include a `host` header.
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Missing mandatory Host: header")
+
+        headers = [
+            (b":method", method),
+            (b":authority", authority),
+            (b":scheme", scheme),
+            (b":path", path),
+        ] + [
+            (k, v)
+            for k, v in headers
+            if k
+            not in (
+                b"host",
+                b"transfer-encoding",
+            )
+        ]
+        end_stream = not has_body
+
+        self.connection.send_headers(self.stream_id, headers, end_stream, timeout)
+
+    def send_body(self, stream: SyncByteStream, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> None:
+        for data in stream:
+            while data:
+                max_flow = self.connection.wait_for_outgoing_flow(
+                    self.stream_id, timeout
+                )
+                chunk_size = min(len(data), max_flow)
+                chunk, data = data[:chunk_size], data[chunk_size:]
+                self.connection.send_data(self.stream_id, chunk, timeout)
+
+        self.connection.end_stream(self.stream_id, timeout)
+
+    def receive_response(
+        self, timeout: TimeoutDict
+    ) -> Tuple[int, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]]:
+        """
+        Read the response status and headers from the network.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = self.connection.wait_for_event(self.stream_id, timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.ResponseReceived):
+                break
+
+        status_code = 200
+        headers = []
+        for k, v in event.headers:
+            if k == b":status":
+                status_code = int(v.decode("ascii", errors="ignore"))
+            elif not k.startswith(b":"):
+                headers.append((k, v))
+
+        return (status_code, headers)
+
+    def body_iter(self, timeout: TimeoutDict) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        while True:
+            event = self.connection.wait_for_event(self.stream_id, timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.DataReceived):
+                amount = event.flow_controlled_length
+                self.connection.acknowledge_received_data(
+                    self.stream_id, amount, timeout
+                )
+                yield event.data
+            elif isinstance(event, (h2.events.StreamEnded, h2.events.StreamReset)):
+                break
+
+    def _response_closed(self) -> None:
+        self.connection.close_stream(self.stream_id)
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py b/packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78c02e29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+from http import HTTPStatus
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Tuple, cast
+
+from .._bytestreams import ByteStream
+from .._exceptions import ProxyError
+from .._types import URL, Headers, TimeoutDict
+from .._utils import get_logger, url_to_origin
+from .base import SyncByteStream
+from .connection import SyncHTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import SyncConnectionPool, ResponseByteStream
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+def get_reason_phrase(status_code: int) -> str:
+    try:
+        return HTTPStatus(status_code).phrase
+    except ValueError:
+        return ""
+
+
+def merge_headers(
+    default_headers: Headers = None, override_headers: Headers = None
+) -> Headers:
+    """
+    Append default_headers and override_headers, de-duplicating if a key existing in
+    both cases.
+    """
+    default_headers = [] if default_headers is None else default_headers
+    override_headers = [] if override_headers is None else override_headers
+    has_override = set([key.lower() for key, value in override_headers])
+    default_headers = [
+        (key, value)
+        for key, value in default_headers
+        if key.lower() not in has_override
+    ]
+    return default_headers + override_headers
+
+
+class SyncHTTPProxy(SyncConnectionPool):
+    """
+    A connection pool for making HTTP requests via an HTTP proxy.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    proxy_url:
+        The URL of the proxy service as a 4-tuple of (scheme, host, port, path).
+    proxy_headers:
+        A list of proxy headers to include.
+    proxy_mode:
+        A proxy mode to operate in. May be "DEFAULT", "FORWARD_ONLY", or "TUNNEL_ONLY".
+    ssl_context:
+        An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+    max_connections:
+        The maximum number of concurrent connections to allow.
+    max_keepalive_connections:
+        The maximum number of connections to allow before closing keep-alive
+        connections.
+    http2:
+        Enable HTTP/2 support.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL,
+        proxy_headers: Headers = None,
+        proxy_mode: str = "DEFAULT",
+        ssl_context: SSLContext = None,
+        max_connections: int = None,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float = None,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        backend: str = "sync",
+        # Deprecated argument style:
+        max_keepalive: int = None,
+    ):
+        assert proxy_mode in ("DEFAULT", "FORWARD_ONLY", "TUNNEL_ONLY")
+
+        self.proxy_origin = url_to_origin(proxy_url)
+        self.proxy_headers = [] if proxy_headers is None else proxy_headers
+        self.proxy_mode = proxy_mode
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http2=http2,
+            backend=backend,
+            max_keepalive=max_keepalive,
+        )
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, SyncByteStream, dict]:
+        if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+            self._keepalive_sweep()
+
+        if (
+            self.proxy_mode == "DEFAULT" and url[0] == b"http"
+        ) or self.proxy_mode == "FORWARD_ONLY":
+            # By default HTTP requests should be forwarded.
+            logger.trace(
+                "forward_request proxy_origin=%r proxy_headers=%r method=%r url=%r",
+                self.proxy_origin,
+                self.proxy_headers,
+                method,
+                url,
+            )
+            return self._forward_request(
+                method, url, headers=headers, stream=stream, extensions=extensions
+            )
+        else:
+            # By default HTTPS should be tunnelled.
+            logger.trace(
+                "tunnel_request proxy_origin=%r proxy_headers=%r method=%r url=%r",
+                self.proxy_origin,
+                self.proxy_headers,
+                method,
+                url,
+            )
+            return self._tunnel_request(
+                method, url, headers=headers, stream=stream, extensions=extensions
+            )
+
+    def _forward_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, SyncByteStream, dict]:
+        """
+        Forwarded proxy requests include the entire URL as the HTTP target,
+        rather than just the path.
+        """
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+        origin = self.proxy_origin
+        connection = self._get_connection_from_pool(origin)
+
+        if connection is None:
+            connection = SyncHTTPConnection(
+                origin=origin,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            )
+            self._add_to_pool(connection, timeout)
+
+        # Issue a forwarded proxy request...
+
+        # GET https://www.example.org/path HTTP/1.1
+        # [proxy headers]
+        # [headers]
+        scheme, host, port, path = url
+        if port is None:
+            target = b"%b://%b%b" % (scheme, host, path)
+        else:
+            target = b"%b://%b:%d%b" % (scheme, host, port, path)
+
+        url = self.proxy_origin + (target,)
+        headers = merge_headers(self.proxy_headers, headers)
+
+        (
+            status_code,
+            headers,
+            stream,
+            extensions,
+        ) = connection.handle_request(
+            method, url, headers=headers, stream=stream, extensions=extensions
+        )
+
+        wrapped_stream = ResponseByteStream(
+            stream, connection=connection, callback=self._response_closed
+        )
+
+        return status_code, headers, wrapped_stream, extensions
+
+    def _tunnel_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: URL,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, Headers, SyncByteStream, dict]:
+        """
+        Tunnelled proxy requests require an initial CONNECT request to
+        establish the connection, and then send regular requests.
+        """
+        timeout = cast(TimeoutDict, extensions.get("timeout", {}))
+        origin = url_to_origin(url)
+        connection = self._get_connection_from_pool(origin)
+
+        if connection is None:
+            scheme, host, port = origin
+
+            # First, create a connection to the proxy server
+            proxy_connection = SyncHTTPConnection(
+                origin=self.proxy_origin,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            )
+
+            # Issue a CONNECT request...
+
+            # CONNECT www.example.org:80 HTTP/1.1
+            # [proxy-headers]
+            target = b"%b:%d" % (host, port)
+            connect_url = self.proxy_origin + (target,)
+            connect_headers = [(b"Host", target), (b"Accept", b"*/*")]
+            connect_headers = merge_headers(connect_headers, self.proxy_headers)
+
+            try:
+                (
+                    proxy_status_code,
+                    _,
+                    proxy_stream,
+                    _,
+                ) = proxy_connection.handle_request(
+                    b"CONNECT",
+                    connect_url,
+                    headers=connect_headers,
+                    stream=ByteStream(b""),
+                    extensions=extensions,
+                )
+
+                proxy_reason = get_reason_phrase(proxy_status_code)
+                logger.trace(
+                    "tunnel_response proxy_status_code=%r proxy_reason=%r ",
+                    proxy_status_code,
+                    proxy_reason,
+                )
+                # Read the response data without closing the socket
+                for _ in proxy_stream:
+                    pass
+
+                # See if the tunnel was successfully established.
+                if proxy_status_code < 200 or proxy_status_code > 299:
+                    msg = "%d %s" % (proxy_status_code, proxy_reason)
+                    raise ProxyError(msg)
+
+                # Upgrade to TLS if required
+                # We assume the target speaks TLS on the specified port
+                if scheme == b"https":
+                    proxy_connection.start_tls(host, self._ssl_context, timeout)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                proxy_connection.close()
+                raise ProxyError(exc)
+
+            # The CONNECT request is successful, so we have now SWITCHED PROTOCOLS.
+            # This means the proxy connection is now unusable, and we must create
+            # a new one for regular requests, making sure to use the same socket to
+            # retain the tunnel.
+            connection = SyncHTTPConnection(
+                origin=origin,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                socket=proxy_connection.socket,
+            )
+            self._add_to_pool(connection, timeout)
+
+        # Once the connection has been established we can send requests on
+        # it as normal.
+        (
+            status_code,
+            headers,
+            stream,
+            extensions,
+        ) = connection.handle_request(
+            method,
+            url,
+            headers=headers,
+            stream=stream,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+        wrapped_stream = ResponseByteStream(
+            stream, connection=connection, callback=self._response_closed
+        )
+
+        return status_code, headers, wrapped_stream, extensions
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_threadlock.py b/packages/httpcore/_threadlock.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ff2bc378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_threadlock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import threading
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Type
+
+
+class ThreadLock:
+    """
+    Provides thread safety when used as a sync context manager, or a
+    no-op when used as an async context manager.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        self.lock.acquire()
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.lock.release()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_types.py b/packages/httpcore/_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f9eeba7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""
+Type definitions for type checking purposes.
+"""
+
+from typing import List, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+StrOrBytes = Union[str, bytes]
+Origin = Tuple[bytes, bytes, int]
+URL = Tuple[bytes, bytes, Optional[int], bytes]
+Headers = List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+TimeoutDict = Mapping[str, Optional[float]]
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_utils.py b/packages/httpcore/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..978b87a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import itertools
+import logging
+import os
+import select
+import socket
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from ._types import URL, Origin
+
+_LOGGER_INITIALIZED = False
+TRACE_LOG_LEVEL = 5
+DEFAULT_PORTS = {b"http": 80, b"https": 443}
+
+
+class Logger(logging.Logger):
+    # Stub for type checkers.
+    def trace(self, message: str, *args: typing.Any, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        ...  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def get_logger(name: str) -> Logger:
+    """
+    Get a `logging.Logger` instance, and optionally
+    set up debug logging based on the HTTPCORE_LOG_LEVEL or HTTPX_LOG_LEVEL
+    environment variables.
+    """
+    global _LOGGER_INITIALIZED
+    if not _LOGGER_INITIALIZED:
+        _LOGGER_INITIALIZED = True
+        logging.addLevelName(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "TRACE")
+
+        log_level = os.environ.get(
+            "HTTPCORE_LOG_LEVEL", os.environ.get("HTTPX_LOG_LEVEL", "")
+        ).upper()
+        if log_level in ("DEBUG", "TRACE"):
+            logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore")
+            logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG if log_level == "DEBUG" else TRACE_LOG_LEVEL)
+            handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
+            handler.setFormatter(
+                logging.Formatter(
+                    fmt="%(levelname)s [%(asctime)s] %(name)s - %(message)s",
+                    datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+                )
+            )
+            logger.addHandler(handler)
+
+    logger = logging.getLogger(name)
+
+    def trace(message: str, *args: typing.Any, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, message, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    logger.trace = trace  # type: ignore
+
+    return typing.cast(Logger, logger)
+
+
+def url_to_origin(url: URL) -> Origin:
+    scheme, host, explicit_port = url[:3]
+    default_port = DEFAULT_PORTS[scheme]
+    port = default_port if explicit_port is None else explicit_port
+    return scheme, host, port
+
+
+def origin_to_url_string(origin: Origin) -> str:
+    scheme, host, explicit_port = origin
+    port = f":{explicit_port}" if explicit_port != DEFAULT_PORTS[scheme] else ""
+    return f"{scheme.decode('ascii')}://{host.decode('ascii')}{port}"
+
+
+def exponential_backoff(factor: float) -> typing.Iterator[float]:
+    yield 0
+    for n in itertools.count(2):
+        yield factor * (2 ** (n - 2))
+
+
+def is_socket_readable(sock: typing.Optional[socket.socket]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether a socket, as identifed by its file descriptor, is readable.
+
+    "A socket is readable" means that the read buffer isn't empty, i.e. that calling
+    .recv() on it would immediately return some data.
+    """
+    # NOTE: we want check for readability without actually attempting to read, because
+    # we don't want to block forever if it's not readable.
+
+    # In the case that the socket no longer exists, or cannot return a file
+    # descriptor, we treat it as being readable, as if it the next read operation
+    # on it is ready to return the terminating `b""`.
+    sock_fd = None if sock is None else sock.fileno()
+    if sock_fd is None or sock_fd < 0:
+        return True
+
+    # The implementation below was stolen from:
+    # https://github.com/python-trio/trio/blob/20ee2b1b7376db637435d80e266212a35837ddcc/trio/_socket.py#L471-L478
+    # See also: https://github.com/encode/httpcore/pull/193#issuecomment-703129316
+
+    # Use select.select on Windows, and when poll is unavailable and select.poll
+    # everywhere else. (E.g. When eventlet is in use. See #327)
+    if sys.platform == "win32" or getattr(select, "poll", None) is None:
+        rready, _, _ = select.select([sock_fd], [], [], 0)
+        return bool(rready)
+    p = select.poll()
+    p.register(sock_fd, select.POLLIN)
+    return bool(p.poll(0))
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/py.typed b/packages/httpcore/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/httpx/__init__.py b/packages/httpx/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4af3904fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+from .__version__ import __description__, __title__, __version__
+from ._api import delete, get, head, options, patch, post, put, request, stream
+from ._auth import Auth, BasicAuth, DigestAuth
+from ._client import USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT, AsyncClient, Client
+from ._config import Limits, Proxy, Timeout, create_ssl_context
+from ._content import ByteStream
+from ._exceptions import (
+    CloseError,
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    CookieConflict,
+    DecodingError,
+    HTTPError,
+    HTTPStatusError,
+    InvalidURL,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    NetworkError,
+    PoolTimeout,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    RequestError,
+    RequestNotRead,
+    ResponseNotRead,
+    StreamClosed,
+    StreamConsumed,
+    StreamError,
+    TimeoutException,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+    TransportError,
+    UnsupportedProtocol,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+)
+from ._models import URL, Cookies, Headers, QueryParams, Request, Response
+from ._status_codes import codes
+from ._transports.asgi import ASGITransport
+from ._transports.base import (
+    AsyncBaseTransport,
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    BaseTransport,
+    SyncByteStream,
+)
+from ._transports.default import AsyncHTTPTransport, HTTPTransport
+from ._transports.mock import MockTransport
+from ._transports.wsgi import WSGITransport
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__description__",
+    "__title__",
+    "__version__",
+    "ASGITransport",
+    "AsyncBaseTransport",
+    "AsyncByteStream",
+    "AsyncClient",
+    "AsyncHTTPTransport",
+    "Auth",
+    "BaseTransport",
+    "BasicAuth",
+    "ByteStream",
+    "Client",
+    "CloseError",
+    "codes",
+    "ConnectError",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "CookieConflict",
+    "Cookies",
+    "create_ssl_context",
+    "DecodingError",
+    "delete",
+    "DigestAuth",
+    "get",
+    "head",
+    "Headers",
+    "HTTPError",
+    "HTTPStatusError",
+    "HTTPTransport",
+    "InvalidURL",
+    "Limits",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "MockTransport",
+    "NetworkError",
+    "options",
+    "patch",
+    "PoolTimeout",
+    "post",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "Proxy",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "put",
+    "QueryParams",
+    "ReadError",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "request",
+    "Request",
+    "RequestError",
+    "RequestNotRead",
+    "Response",
+    "ResponseNotRead",
+    "stream",
+    "StreamClosed",
+    "StreamConsumed",
+    "StreamError",
+    "SyncByteStream",
+    "Timeout",
+    "TimeoutException",
+    "TooManyRedirects",
+    "TransportError",
+    "UnsupportedProtocol",
+    "URL",
+    "USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT",
+    "WriteError",
+    "WriteTimeout",
+    "WSGITransport",
+]
+
+
+__locals = locals()
+for __name in __all__:
+    if not __name.startswith("__"):
+        setattr(__locals[__name], "__module__", "httpx")  # noqa
diff --git a/packages/httpx/__version__.py b/packages/httpx/__version__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc8296544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/__version__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+__title__ = "httpx"
+__description__ = "A next generation HTTP client, for Python 3."
+__version__ = "0.18.2"
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_api.py b/packages/httpx/_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da8185388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+import typing
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from ._client import Client
+from ._config import DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG
+from ._models import Response
+from ._types import (
+    AuthTypes,
+    CertTypes,
+    CookieTypes,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    ProxiesTypes,
+    QueryParamTypes,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    TimeoutTypes,
+    URLTypes,
+    VerifyTypes,
+)
+
+
+def request(
+    method: str,
+    url: URLTypes,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+    content: RequestContent = None,
+    data: RequestData = None,
+    files: RequestFiles = None,
+    json: typing.Any = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes = None,
+    proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+    verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+    cert: CertTypes = None,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends an HTTP request.
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **method** - HTTP method for the new `Request` object: `GET`, `OPTIONS`,
+    `HEAD`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH`, or `DELETE`.
+    * **url** - URL for the new `Request` object.
+    * **params** - *(optional)* Query parameters to include in the URL, as a
+    string, dictionary, or sequence of two-tuples.
+    * **content** - *(optional)* Binary content to include in the body of the
+    request, as bytes or a byte iterator.
+    * **data** - *(optional)* Form data to include in the body of the request,
+    as a dictionary.
+    * **files** - *(optional)* A dictionary of upload files to include in the
+    body of the request.
+    * **json** - *(optional)* A JSON serializable object to include in the body
+    of the request.
+    * **headers** - *(optional)* Dictionary of HTTP headers to include in the
+    request.
+    * **cookies** - *(optional)* Dictionary of Cookie items to include in the
+    request.
+    * **auth** - *(optional)* An authentication class to use when sending the
+    request.
+    * **proxies** - *(optional)* A dictionary mapping proxy keys to proxy URLs.
+    * **timeout** - *(optional)* The timeout configuration to use when sending
+    the request.
+    * **allow_redirects** - *(optional)* Enables or disables HTTP redirects.
+    * **verify** - *(optional)* SSL certificates (a.k.a CA bundle) used to
+    verify the identity of requested hosts. Either `True` (default CA bundle),
+    a path to an SSL certificate file, an `ssl.SSLContext`, or `False`
+    (which will disable verification).
+    * **cert** - *(optional)* An SSL certificate used by the requested host
+    to authenticate the client. Either a path to an SSL certificate file, or
+    two-tuple of (certificate file, key file), or a three-tuple of (certificate
+    file, key file, password).
+    * **trust_env** - *(optional)* Enables or disables usage of environment
+    variables for configuration.
+
+    **Returns:** `Response`
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```
+    >>> import httpx
+    >>> response = httpx.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+    >>> response
+    <Response [200 OK]>
+    ```
+    """
+    with Client(
+        cookies=cookies,
+        proxies=proxies,
+        cert=cert,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    ) as client:
+        return client.request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+        )
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def stream(
+    method: str,
+    url: URLTypes,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+    content: RequestContent = None,
+    data: RequestData = None,
+    files: RequestFiles = None,
+    json: typing.Any = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes = None,
+    proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+    verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+    cert: CertTypes = None,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+    """
+    Alternative to `httpx.request()` that streams the response body
+    instead of loading it into memory at once.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    See also: [Streaming Responses][0]
+
+    [0]: /quickstart#streaming-responses
+    """
+    with Client(
+        cookies=cookies,
+        proxies=proxies,
+        cert=cert,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    ) as client:
+        with client.stream(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+        ) as response:
+            yield response
+
+
+def get(
+    url: URLTypes,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes = None,
+    proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+    cert: CertTypes = None,
+    verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `GET` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, and `json` parameters are not available on
+    this function, as `GET` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "GET",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxies=proxies,
+        allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+        cert=cert,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def options(
+    url: URLTypes,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes = None,
+    proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+    cert: CertTypes = None,
+    verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends an `OPTIONS` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, and `json` parameters are not available on
+    this function, as `OPTIONS` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "OPTIONS",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxies=proxies,
+        allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+        cert=cert,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def head(
+    url: URLTypes,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes = None,
+    proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+    cert: CertTypes = None,
+    verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `HEAD` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, and `json` parameters are not available on
+    this function, as `HEAD` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "HEAD",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxies=proxies,
+        allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+        cert=cert,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def post(
+    url: URLTypes,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent = None,
+    data: RequestData = None,
+    files: RequestFiles = None,
+    json: typing.Any = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes = None,
+    proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+    cert: CertTypes = None,
+    verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `POST` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "POST",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxies=proxies,
+        allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+        cert=cert,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def put(
+    url: URLTypes,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent = None,
+    data: RequestData = None,
+    files: RequestFiles = None,
+    json: typing.Any = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes = None,
+    proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+    cert: CertTypes = None,
+    verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `PUT` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "PUT",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxies=proxies,
+        allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+        cert=cert,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def patch(
+    url: URLTypes,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent = None,
+    data: RequestData = None,
+    files: RequestFiles = None,
+    json: typing.Any = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes = None,
+    proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+    cert: CertTypes = None,
+    verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `PATCH` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "PATCH",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxies=proxies,
+        allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+        cert=cert,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def delete(
+    url: URLTypes,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes = None,
+    proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+    allow_redirects: bool = True,
+    cert: CertTypes = None,
+    verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `DELETE` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, and `json` parameters are not available on
+    this function, as `DELETE` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "DELETE",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxies=proxies,
+        allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+        cert=cert,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_auth.py b/packages/httpx/_auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..343f9cdd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+import hashlib
+import os
+import re
+import time
+import typing
+from base64 import b64encode
+from urllib.request import parse_http_list
+
+from ._exceptions import ProtocolError
+from ._models import Request, Response
+from ._utils import to_bytes, to_str, unquote
+
+
+class Auth:
+    """
+    Base class for all authentication schemes.
+
+    To implement a custom authentication scheme, subclass `Auth` and override
+    the `.auth_flow()` method.
+
+    If the authentication scheme does I/O such as disk access or network calls, or uses
+    synchronization primitives such as locks, you should override `.sync_auth_flow()`
+    and/or `.async_auth_flow()` instead of `.auth_flow()` to provide specialized
+    implementations that will be used by `Client` and `AsyncClient` respectively.
+    """
+
+    requires_request_body = False
+    requires_response_body = False
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow.
+
+        To dispatch a request, `yield` it:
+
+        ```
+        yield request
+        ```
+
+        The client will `.send()` the response back into the flow generator. You can
+        access it like so:
+
+        ```
+        response = yield request
+        ```
+
+        A `return` (or reaching the end of the generator) will result in the
+        client returning the last response obtained from the server.
+
+        You can dispatch as many requests as is necessary.
+        """
+        yield request
+
+    def sync_auth_flow(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow synchronously.
+
+        By default, this defers to `.auth_flow()`. You should override this method
+        when the authentication scheme does I/O and/or uses concurrency primitives.
+        """
+        if self.requires_request_body:
+            request.read()
+
+        flow = self.auth_flow(request)
+        request = next(flow)
+
+        while True:
+            response = yield request
+            if self.requires_response_body:
+                response.read()
+
+            try:
+                request = flow.send(response)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+    async def async_auth_flow(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.AsyncGenerator[Request, Response]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow asynchronously.
+
+        By default, this defers to `.auth_flow()`. You should override this method
+        when the authentication scheme does I/O and/or uses concurrency primitives.
+        """
+        if self.requires_request_body:
+            await request.aread()
+
+        flow = self.auth_flow(request)
+        request = next(flow)
+
+        while True:
+            response = yield request
+            if self.requires_response_body:
+                await response.aread()
+
+            try:
+                request = flow.send(response)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+
+class FunctionAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Allows the 'auth' argument to be passed as a simple callable function,
+    that takes the request, and returns a new, modified request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, func: typing.Callable[[Request], Request]) -> None:
+        self._func = func
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        yield self._func(request)
+
+
+class BasicAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Allows the 'auth' argument to be passed as a (username, password) pair,
+    and uses HTTP Basic authentication.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, username: typing.Union[str, bytes], password: typing.Union[str, bytes]
+    ):
+        self._auth_header = self._build_auth_header(username, password)
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        request.headers["Authorization"] = self._auth_header
+        yield request
+
+    def _build_auth_header(
+        self, username: typing.Union[str, bytes], password: typing.Union[str, bytes]
+    ) -> str:
+        userpass = b":".join((to_bytes(username), to_bytes(password)))
+        token = b64encode(userpass).decode()
+        return f"Basic {token}"
+
+
+class DigestAuth(Auth):
+    _ALGORITHM_TO_HASH_FUNCTION: typing.Dict[str, typing.Callable] = {
+        "MD5": hashlib.md5,
+        "MD5-SESS": hashlib.md5,
+        "SHA": hashlib.sha1,
+        "SHA-SESS": hashlib.sha1,
+        "SHA-256": hashlib.sha256,
+        "SHA-256-SESS": hashlib.sha256,
+        "SHA-512": hashlib.sha512,
+        "SHA-512-SESS": hashlib.sha512,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, username: typing.Union[str, bytes], password: typing.Union[str, bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        self._username = to_bytes(username)
+        self._password = to_bytes(password)
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        response = yield request
+
+        if response.status_code != 401 or "www-authenticate" not in response.headers:
+            # If the response is not a 401 then we don't
+            # need to build an authenticated request.
+            return
+
+        for auth_header in response.headers.get_list("www-authenticate"):
+            if auth_header.lower().startswith("digest "):
+                break
+        else:
+            # If the response does not include a 'WWW-Authenticate: Digest ...'
+            # header, then we don't need to build an authenticated request.
+            return
+
+        challenge = self._parse_challenge(request, response, auth_header)
+        request.headers["Authorization"] = self._build_auth_header(request, challenge)
+        yield request
+
+    def _parse_challenge(
+        self, request: Request, response: Response, auth_header: str
+    ) -> "_DigestAuthChallenge":
+        """
+        Returns a challenge from a Digest WWW-Authenticate header.
+        These take the form of:
+        `Digest realm="realm@host.com",qop="auth,auth-int",nonce="abc",opaque="xyz"`
+        """
+        scheme, _, fields = auth_header.partition(" ")
+
+        # This method should only ever have been called with a Digest auth header.
+        assert scheme.lower() == "digest"
+
+        header_dict: typing.Dict[str, str] = {}
+        for field in parse_http_list(fields):
+            key, value = field.strip().split("=", 1)
+            header_dict[key] = unquote(value)
+
+        try:
+            realm = header_dict["realm"].encode()
+            nonce = header_dict["nonce"].encode()
+            algorithm = header_dict.get("algorithm", "MD5")
+            opaque = header_dict["opaque"].encode() if "opaque" in header_dict else None
+            qop = header_dict["qop"].encode() if "qop" in header_dict else None
+            return _DigestAuthChallenge(
+                realm=realm, nonce=nonce, algorithm=algorithm, opaque=opaque, qop=qop
+            )
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            message = "Malformed Digest WWW-Authenticate header"
+            raise ProtocolError(message, request=request) from exc
+
+    def _build_auth_header(
+        self, request: Request, challenge: "_DigestAuthChallenge"
+    ) -> str:
+        hash_func = self._ALGORITHM_TO_HASH_FUNCTION[challenge.algorithm]
+
+        def digest(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+            return hash_func(data).hexdigest().encode()
+
+        A1 = b":".join((self._username, challenge.realm, self._password))
+
+        path = request.url.raw_path
+        A2 = b":".join((request.method.encode(), path))
+        # TODO: implement auth-int
+        HA2 = digest(A2)
+
+        nonce_count = 1  # TODO: implement nonce counting
+        nc_value = b"%08x" % nonce_count
+        cnonce = self._get_client_nonce(nonce_count, challenge.nonce)
+
+        HA1 = digest(A1)
+        if challenge.algorithm.lower().endswith("-sess"):
+            HA1 = digest(b":".join((HA1, challenge.nonce, cnonce)))
+
+        qop = self._resolve_qop(challenge.qop, request=request)
+        if qop is None:
+            digest_data = [HA1, challenge.nonce, HA2]
+        else:
+            digest_data = [challenge.nonce, nc_value, cnonce, qop, HA2]
+        key_digest = b":".join(digest_data)
+
+        format_args = {
+            "username": self._username,
+            "realm": challenge.realm,
+            "nonce": challenge.nonce,
+            "uri": path,
+            "response": digest(b":".join((HA1, key_digest))),
+            "algorithm": challenge.algorithm.encode(),
+        }
+        if challenge.opaque:
+            format_args["opaque"] = challenge.opaque
+        if qop:
+            format_args["qop"] = b"auth"
+            format_args["nc"] = nc_value
+            format_args["cnonce"] = cnonce
+
+        return "Digest " + self._get_header_value(format_args)
+
+    def _get_client_nonce(self, nonce_count: int, nonce: bytes) -> bytes:
+        s = str(nonce_count).encode()
+        s += nonce
+        s += time.ctime().encode()
+        s += os.urandom(8)
+
+        return hashlib.sha1(s).hexdigest()[:16].encode()
+
+    def _get_header_value(self, header_fields: typing.Dict[str, bytes]) -> str:
+        NON_QUOTED_FIELDS = ("algorithm", "qop", "nc")
+        QUOTED_TEMPLATE = '{}="{}"'
+        NON_QUOTED_TEMPLATE = "{}={}"
+
+        header_value = ""
+        for i, (field, value) in enumerate(header_fields.items()):
+            if i > 0:
+                header_value += ", "
+            template = (
+                QUOTED_TEMPLATE
+                if field not in NON_QUOTED_FIELDS
+                else NON_QUOTED_TEMPLATE
+            )
+            header_value += template.format(field, to_str(value))
+
+        return header_value
+
+    def _resolve_qop(
+        self, qop: typing.Optional[bytes], request: Request
+    ) -> typing.Optional[bytes]:
+        if qop is None:
+            return None
+        qops = re.split(b", ?", qop)
+        if b"auth" in qops:
+            return b"auth"
+
+        if qops == [b"auth-int"]:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Digest auth-int support is not yet implemented")
+
+        message = f'Unexpected qop value "{qop!r}" in digest auth'
+        raise ProtocolError(message, request=request)
+
+
+class _DigestAuthChallenge(typing.NamedTuple):
+    realm: bytes
+    nonce: bytes
+    algorithm: str
+    opaque: typing.Optional[bytes]
+    qop: typing.Optional[bytes]
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_client.py b/packages/httpx/_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6e1efbe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1982 @@
+import datetime
+import enum
+import typing
+import warnings
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from .__version__ import __version__
+from ._auth import Auth, BasicAuth, FunctionAuth
+from ._compat import asynccontextmanager
+from ._config import (
+    DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+    DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+    DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    Limits,
+    Proxy,
+    Timeout,
+)
+from ._decoders import SUPPORTED_DECODERS
+from ._exceptions import (
+    InvalidURL,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+    request_context,
+)
+from ._models import URL, Cookies, Headers, QueryParams, Request, Response
+from ._status_codes import codes
+from ._transports.asgi import ASGITransport
+from ._transports.base import (
+    AsyncBaseTransport,
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    BaseTransport,
+    SyncByteStream,
+)
+from ._transports.default import AsyncHTTPTransport, HTTPTransport
+from ._transports.wsgi import WSGITransport
+from ._types import (
+    AuthTypes,
+    CertTypes,
+    CookieTypes,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    ProxiesTypes,
+    QueryParamTypes,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    TimeoutTypes,
+    URLTypes,
+    VerifyTypes,
+)
+from ._utils import (
+    NetRCInfo,
+    Timer,
+    URLPattern,
+    get_environment_proxies,
+    get_logger,
+    same_origin,
+)
+
+# The type annotation for @classmethod and context managers here follows PEP 484
+# https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0484/#annotating-instance-and-class-methods
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="Client")
+U = typing.TypeVar("U", bound="AsyncClient")
+
+
+class UseClientDefault:
+    """
+    For some parameters such as `auth=...` and `timeout=...` we need to be able
+    to indicate the default "unset" state, in a way that is distinctly different
+    to using `None`.
+
+    The default "unset" state indicates that whatever default is set on the
+    client should be used. This is different to setting `None`, which
+    explicitly disables the parameter, possibly overriding a client default.
+
+    For example we use `timeout=USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT` in the `request()` signature.
+    Omitting the `timeout` parameter will send a request using whatever default
+    timeout has been configured on the client. Including `timeout=None` will
+    ensure no timeout is used.
+
+    Note that user code shouldn't need to use the `USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT` constant,
+    but it is used internally when a parameter is not included.
+    """
+
+    pass  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT = UseClientDefault()
+
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+USER_AGENT = f"python-httpx/{__version__}"
+ACCEPT_ENCODING = ", ".join(
+    [key for key in SUPPORTED_DECODERS.keys() if key != "identity"]
+)
+
+
+class ClientState(enum.Enum):
+    # UNOPENED:
+    #   The client has been instantiated, but has not been used to send a request,
+    #   or been opened by entering the context of a `with` block.
+    UNOPENED = 1
+    # OPENED:
+    #   The client has either sent a request, or is within a `with` block.
+    OPENED = 2
+    # CLOSED:
+    #   The client has either exited the `with` block, or `close()` has
+    #   been called explicitly.
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class BoundSyncStream(SyncByteStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that is bound to a given response instance, and that
+    ensures the `response.elapsed` is set once the response is closed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, stream: SyncByteStream, response: Response, timer: Timer
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._response = response
+        self._timer = timer
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self._stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        seconds = self._timer.sync_elapsed()
+        self._response.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(seconds=seconds)
+        self._stream.close()
+
+
+class BoundAsyncStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    """
+    An async byte stream that is bound to a given response instance, and that
+    ensures the `response.elapsed` is set once the response is closed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, stream: AsyncByteStream, response: Response, timer: Timer
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._response = response
+        self._timer = timer
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        async for chunk in self._stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        seconds = await self._timer.async_elapsed()
+        self._response.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(seconds=seconds)
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+class BaseClient:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        auth: AuthTypes = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+        max_redirects: int = DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+        event_hooks: typing.Mapping[str, typing.List[typing.Callable]] = None,
+        base_url: URLTypes = "",
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+    ):
+        event_hooks = {} if event_hooks is None else event_hooks
+
+        self._base_url = self._enforce_trailing_slash(URL(base_url))
+
+        self._auth = self._build_auth(auth)
+        self._params = QueryParams(params)
+        self.headers = Headers(headers)
+        self._cookies = Cookies(cookies)
+        self._timeout = Timeout(timeout)
+        self.max_redirects = max_redirects
+        self._event_hooks = {
+            "request": list(event_hooks.get("request", [])),
+            "response": list(event_hooks.get("response", [])),
+        }
+        self._trust_env = trust_env
+        self._netrc = NetRCInfo()
+        self._state = ClientState.UNOPENED
+
+    @property
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the client being closed
+        """
+        return self._state == ClientState.CLOSED
+
+    @property
+    def trust_env(self) -> bool:
+        return self._trust_env
+
+    def _enforce_trailing_slash(self, url: URL) -> URL:
+        if url.raw_path.endswith(b"/"):
+            return url
+        return url.copy_with(raw_path=url.raw_path + b"/")
+
+    def _get_proxy_map(
+        self, proxies: typing.Optional[ProxiesTypes], allow_env_proxies: bool
+    ) -> typing.Dict[str, typing.Optional[Proxy]]:
+        if proxies is None:
+            if allow_env_proxies:
+                return {
+                    key: None if url is None else Proxy(url=url)
+                    for key, url in get_environment_proxies().items()
+                }
+            return {}
+        if isinstance(proxies, dict):
+            new_proxies = {}
+            for key, value in proxies.items():
+                proxy = Proxy(url=value) if isinstance(value, (str, URL)) else value
+                new_proxies[str(key)] = proxy
+            return new_proxies
+        else:
+            proxy = Proxy(url=proxies) if isinstance(proxies, (str, URL)) else proxies
+            return {"all://": proxy}
+
+    @property
+    def timeout(self) -> Timeout:
+        return self._timeout
+
+    @timeout.setter
+    def timeout(self, timeout: TimeoutTypes) -> None:
+        self._timeout = Timeout(timeout)
+
+    @property
+    def event_hooks(self) -> typing.Dict[str, typing.List[typing.Callable]]:
+        return self._event_hooks
+
+    @event_hooks.setter
+    def event_hooks(
+        self, event_hooks: typing.Dict[str, typing.List[typing.Callable]]
+    ) -> None:
+        self._event_hooks = {
+            "request": list(event_hooks.get("request", [])),
+            "response": list(event_hooks.get("response", [])),
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def auth(self) -> typing.Optional[Auth]:
+        """
+        Authentication class used when none is passed at the request-level.
+
+        See also [Authentication][0].
+
+        [0]: /quickstart/#authentication
+        """
+        return self._auth
+
+    @auth.setter
+    def auth(self, auth: AuthTypes) -> None:
+        self._auth = self._build_auth(auth)
+
+    @property
+    def base_url(self) -> URL:
+        """
+        Base URL to use when sending requests with relative URLs.
+        """
+        return self._base_url
+
+    @base_url.setter
+    def base_url(self, url: URLTypes) -> None:
+        self._base_url = self._enforce_trailing_slash(URL(url))
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self) -> Headers:
+        """
+        HTTP headers to include when sending requests.
+        """
+        return self._headers
+
+    @headers.setter
+    def headers(self, headers: HeaderTypes) -> None:
+        client_headers = Headers(
+            {
+                b"Accept": b"*/*",
+                b"Accept-Encoding": ACCEPT_ENCODING.encode("ascii"),
+                b"Connection": b"keep-alive",
+                b"User-Agent": USER_AGENT.encode("ascii"),
+            }
+        )
+        client_headers.update(headers)
+        self._headers = client_headers
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> Cookies:
+        """
+        Cookie values to include when sending requests.
+        """
+        return self._cookies
+
+    @cookies.setter
+    def cookies(self, cookies: CookieTypes) -> None:
+        self._cookies = Cookies(cookies)
+
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Query parameters to include in the URL when sending requests.
+        """
+        return self._params
+
+    @params.setter
+    def params(self, params: QueryParamTypes) -> None:
+        self._params = QueryParams(params)
+
+    def build_request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+    ) -> Request:
+        """
+        Build and return a request instance.
+
+        * The `params`, `headers` and `cookies` arguments
+        are merged with any values set on the client.
+        * The `url` argument is merged with any `base_url` set on the client.
+
+        See also: [Request instances][0]
+
+        [0]: /advanced/#request-instances
+        """
+        url = self._merge_url(url)
+        headers = self._merge_headers(headers)
+        cookies = self._merge_cookies(cookies)
+        params = self._merge_queryparams(params)
+        return Request(
+            method,
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+        )
+
+    def _merge_url(self, url: URLTypes) -> URL:
+        """
+        Merge a URL argument together with any 'base_url' on the client,
+        to create the URL used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        merge_url = URL(url)
+        if merge_url.is_relative_url:
+            # To merge URLs we always append to the base URL. To get this
+            # behaviour correct we always ensure the base URL ends in a '/'
+            # seperator, and strip any leading '/' from the merge URL.
+            #
+            # So, eg...
+            #
+            # >>> client = Client(base_url="https://www.example.com/subpath")
+            # >>> client.base_url
+            # URL('https://www.example.com/subpath/')
+            # >>> client.build_request("GET", "/path").url
+            # URL('https://www.example.com/subpath/path')
+            merge_raw_path = self.base_url.raw_path + merge_url.raw_path.lstrip(b"/")
+            return self.base_url.copy_with(raw_path=merge_raw_path)
+        return merge_url
+
+    def _merge_cookies(
+        self, cookies: CookieTypes = None
+    ) -> typing.Optional[CookieTypes]:
+        """
+        Merge a cookies argument together with any cookies on the client,
+        to create the cookies used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        if cookies or self.cookies:
+            merged_cookies = Cookies(self.cookies)
+            merged_cookies.update(cookies)
+            return merged_cookies
+        return cookies
+
+    def _merge_headers(
+        self, headers: HeaderTypes = None
+    ) -> typing.Optional[HeaderTypes]:
+        """
+        Merge a headers argument together with any headers on the client,
+        to create the headers used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        merged_headers = Headers(self.headers)
+        merged_headers.update(headers)
+        return merged_headers
+
+    def _merge_queryparams(
+        self, params: QueryParamTypes = None
+    ) -> typing.Optional[QueryParamTypes]:
+        """
+        Merge a queryparams argument together with any queryparams on the client,
+        to create the queryparams used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        if params or self.params:
+            merged_queryparams = QueryParams(self.params)
+            merged_queryparams = merged_queryparams.merge(params)
+            return merged_queryparams
+        return params
+
+    def _build_auth(self, auth: AuthTypes) -> typing.Optional[Auth]:
+        if auth is None:
+            return None
+        elif isinstance(auth, tuple):
+            return BasicAuth(username=auth[0], password=auth[1])
+        elif isinstance(auth, Auth):
+            return auth
+        elif callable(auth):
+            return FunctionAuth(func=auth)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f'Invalid "auth" argument: {auth!r}')
+
+    def _build_request_auth(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Auth:
+        auth = (
+            self._auth if isinstance(auth, UseClientDefault) else self._build_auth(auth)
+        )
+
+        if auth is not None:
+            return auth
+
+        username, password = request.url.username, request.url.password
+        if username or password:
+            return BasicAuth(username=username, password=password)
+
+        if self.trust_env and "Authorization" not in request.headers:
+            credentials = self._netrc.get_credentials(request.url.host)
+            if credentials is not None:
+                return BasicAuth(username=credentials[0], password=credentials[1])
+
+        return Auth()
+
+    def _build_redirect_request(self, request: Request, response: Response) -> Request:
+        """
+        Given a request and a redirect response, return a new request that
+        should be used to effect the redirect.
+        """
+        method = self._redirect_method(request, response)
+        url = self._redirect_url(request, response)
+        headers = self._redirect_headers(request, url, method)
+        stream = self._redirect_stream(request, method)
+        cookies = Cookies(self.cookies)
+        return Request(
+            method=method, url=url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, stream=stream
+        )
+
+    def _redirect_method(self, request: Request, response: Response) -> str:
+        """
+        When being redirected we may want to change the method of the request
+        based on certain specs or browser behavior.
+        """
+        method = request.method
+
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4
+        if response.status_code == codes.SEE_OTHER and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # Do what the browsers do, despite standards...
+        # Turn 302s into GETs.
+        if response.status_code == codes.FOUND and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # If a POST is responded to with a 301, turn it into a GET.
+        # This bizarre behaviour is explained in 'requests' issue 1704.
+        if response.status_code == codes.MOVED_PERMANENTLY and method == "POST":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        return method
+
+    def _redirect_url(self, request: Request, response: Response) -> URL:
+        """
+        Return the URL for the redirect to follow.
+        """
+        location = response.headers["Location"]
+
+        try:
+            url = URL(location)
+        except InvalidURL as exc:
+            raise RemoteProtocolError(
+                f"Invalid URL in location header: {exc}.", request=request
+            ) from None
+
+        # Handle malformed 'Location' headers that are "absolute" form, have no host.
+        # See: https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/771
+        if url.scheme and not url.host:
+            url = url.copy_with(host=request.url.host)
+
+        # Facilitate relative 'Location' headers, as allowed by RFC 7231.
+        # (e.g. '/path/to/resource' instead of 'http://domain.tld/path/to/resource')
+        if url.is_relative_url:
+            url = request.url.join(url)
+
+        # Attach previous fragment if needed (RFC 7231 7.1.2)
+        if request.url.fragment and not url.fragment:
+            url = url.copy_with(fragment=request.url.fragment)
+
+        return url
+
+    def _redirect_headers(self, request: Request, url: URL, method: str) -> Headers:
+        """
+        Return the headers that should be used for the redirect request.
+        """
+        headers = Headers(request.headers)
+
+        if not same_origin(url, request.url):
+            # Strip Authorization headers when responses are redirected away from
+            # the origin.
+            headers.pop("Authorization", None)
+
+            # Update the Host header.
+            headers["Host"] = url.netloc.decode("ascii")
+
+        if method != request.method and method == "GET":
+            # If we've switch to a 'GET' request, then strip any headers which
+            # are only relevant to the request body.
+            headers.pop("Content-Length", None)
+            headers.pop("Transfer-Encoding", None)
+
+        # We should use the client cookie store to determine any cookie header,
+        # rather than whatever was on the original outgoing request.
+        headers.pop("Cookie", None)
+
+        return headers
+
+    def _redirect_stream(
+        self, request: Request, method: str
+    ) -> typing.Optional[typing.Union[SyncByteStream, AsyncByteStream]]:
+        """
+        Return the body that should be used for the redirect request.
+        """
+        if method != request.method and method == "GET":
+            return None
+
+        return request.stream
+
+
+class Client(BaseClient):
+    """
+    An HTTP client, with connection pooling, HTTP/2, redirects, cookie persistence, etc.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```python
+    >>> client = httpx.Client()
+    >>> response = client.get('https://example.org')
+    ```
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **auth** - *(optional)* An authentication class to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **params** - *(optional)* Query parameters to include in request URLs, as
+    a string, dictionary, or sequence of two-tuples.
+    * **headers** - *(optional)* Dictionary of HTTP headers to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **cookies** - *(optional)* Dictionary of Cookie items to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **verify** - *(optional)* SSL certificates (a.k.a CA bundle) used to
+    verify the identity of requested hosts. Either `True` (default CA bundle),
+    a path to an SSL certificate file, an `ssl.SSLContext`, or `False`
+    (which will disable verification).
+    * **cert** - *(optional)* An SSL certificate used by the requested host
+    to authenticate the client. Either a path to an SSL certificate file, or
+    two-tuple of (certificate file, key file), or a three-tuple of (certificate
+    file, key file, password).
+    * **proxies** - *(optional)* A dictionary mapping proxy keys to proxy
+    URLs.
+    * **timeout** - *(optional)* The timeout configuration to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **limits** - *(optional)* The limits configuration to use.
+    * **max_redirects** - *(optional)* The maximum number of redirect responses
+    that should be followed.
+    * **base_url** - *(optional)* A URL to use as the base when building
+    request URLs.
+    * **transport** - *(optional)* A transport class to use for sending requests
+    over the network.
+    * **app** - *(optional)* An WSGI application to send requests to,
+    rather than sending actual network requests.
+    * **trust_env** - *(optional)* Enables or disables usage of environment
+    variables for configuration.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        auth: AuthTypes = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+        cert: CertTypes = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+        mounts: typing.Mapping[str, BaseTransport] = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        max_redirects: int = DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+        event_hooks: typing.Mapping[str, typing.List[typing.Callable]] = None,
+        base_url: URLTypes = "",
+        transport: BaseTransport = None,
+        app: typing.Callable = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            auth=auth,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            max_redirects=max_redirects,
+            event_hooks=event_hooks,
+            base_url=base_url,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+        )
+
+        if http2:
+            try:
+                import h2  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using http2=True, but the 'h2' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[http2]`."
+                ) from None
+
+        allow_env_proxies = trust_env and app is None and transport is None
+        proxy_map = self._get_proxy_map(proxies, allow_env_proxies)
+
+        self._transport = self._init_transport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            transport=transport,
+            app=app,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+        )
+        self._mounts: typing.Dict[URLPattern, typing.Optional[BaseTransport]] = {
+            URLPattern(key): None
+            if proxy is None
+            else self._init_proxy_transport(
+                proxy,
+                verify=verify,
+                cert=cert,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                limits=limits,
+                trust_env=trust_env,
+            )
+            for key, proxy in proxy_map.items()
+        }
+        if mounts is not None:
+            self._mounts.update(
+                {URLPattern(key): transport for key, transport in mounts.items()}
+            )
+
+        self._mounts = dict(sorted(self._mounts.items()))
+
+    def _init_transport(
+        self,
+        verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+        cert: CertTypes = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        transport: BaseTransport = None,
+        app: typing.Callable = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+    ) -> BaseTransport:
+        if transport is not None:
+            return transport
+
+        if app is not None:
+            return WSGITransport(app=app)
+
+        return HTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+        )
+
+    def _init_proxy_transport(
+        self,
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+        cert: CertTypes = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+    ) -> BaseTransport:
+        return HTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            proxy=proxy,
+        )
+
+    def _transport_for_url(self, url: URL) -> BaseTransport:
+        """
+        Returns the transport instance that should be used for a given URL.
+        This will either be the standard connection pool, or a proxy.
+        """
+        for pattern, transport in self._mounts.items():
+            if pattern.matches(url):
+                return self._transport if transport is None else transport
+
+        return self._transport
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Build and send a request.
+
+        Equivalent to:
+
+        ```python
+        request = client.build_request(...)
+        response = client.send(request, ...)
+        ```
+
+        See `Client.build_request()`, `Client.send()` and
+        [Merging of configuration][0] for how the various parameters
+        are merged with client-level configuration.
+
+        [0]: /advanced/#merging-of-configuration
+        """
+        if cookies is not None:
+            message = (
+                "Setting per-request cookies=<...> is being deprecated, because "
+                "the expected behaviour on cookie persistence is ambiguous. Set "
+                "cookies directly on the client instance instead."
+            )
+            warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning)
+
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+        )
+        return self.send(
+            request, auth=auth, allow_redirects=allow_redirects, timeout=timeout
+        )
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def stream(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+        """
+        Alternative to `httpx.request()` that streams the response body
+        instead of loading it into memory at once.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+        See also: [Streaming Responses][0]
+
+        [0]: /quickstart#streaming-responses
+        """
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+        )
+        response = self.send(
+            request=request,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            stream=True,
+        )
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            response.close()
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        *,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a request.
+
+        The request is sent as-is, unmodified.
+
+        Typically you'll want to build one with `Client.build_request()`
+        so that any client-level configuration is merged into the request,
+        but passing an explicit `httpx.Request()` is supported as well.
+
+        See also: [Request instances][0]
+
+        [0]: /advanced/#request-instances
+        """
+        if self._state == ClientState.CLOSED:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot send a request, as the client has been closed.")
+
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+        timeout = (
+            self.timeout if isinstance(timeout, UseClientDefault) else Timeout(timeout)
+        )
+
+        auth = self._build_request_auth(request, auth)
+
+        response = self._send_handling_auth(
+            request,
+            auth=auth,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            history=[],
+        )
+        try:
+            if not stream:
+                response.read()
+
+            for hook in self._event_hooks["response"]:
+                hook(response)
+
+            return response
+
+        except Exception as exc:
+            response.close()
+            raise exc
+
+    def _send_handling_auth(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        auth: Auth,
+        timeout: Timeout,
+        allow_redirects: bool,
+        history: typing.List[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        auth_flow = auth.sync_auth_flow(request)
+        try:
+            request = next(auth_flow)
+
+            for hook in self._event_hooks["request"]:
+                hook(request)
+
+            while True:
+                response = self._send_handling_redirects(
+                    request,
+                    timeout=timeout,
+                    allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+                    history=history,
+                )
+                try:
+                    try:
+                        next_request = auth_flow.send(response)
+                    except StopIteration:
+                        return response
+
+                    response.history = list(history)
+                    response.read()
+                    request = next_request
+                    history.append(response)
+
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    response.close()
+                    raise exc
+        finally:
+            auth_flow.close()
+
+    def _send_handling_redirects(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        timeout: Timeout,
+        allow_redirects: bool,
+        history: typing.List[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        while True:
+            if len(history) > self.max_redirects:
+                raise TooManyRedirects(
+                    "Exceeded maximum allowed redirects.", request=request
+                )
+
+            response = self._send_single_request(request, timeout)
+            try:
+                response.history = list(history)
+
+                if not response.is_redirect:
+                    return response
+
+                request = self._build_redirect_request(request, response)
+                history = history + [response]
+
+                if allow_redirects:
+                    response.read()
+                else:
+                    response.next_request = request
+                    return response
+
+            except Exception as exc:
+                response.close()
+                raise exc
+
+    def _send_single_request(self, request: Request, timeout: Timeout) -> Response:
+        """
+        Sends a single request, without handling any redirections.
+        """
+        transport = self._transport_for_url(request.url)
+        timer = Timer()
+        timer.sync_start()
+
+        if not isinstance(request.stream, SyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to send an async request with a sync Client instance."
+            )
+
+        with request_context(request=request):
+            (status_code, headers, stream, extensions) = transport.handle_request(
+                request.method.encode(),
+                request.url.raw,
+                headers=request.headers.raw,
+                stream=request.stream,
+                extensions={"timeout": timeout.as_dict()},
+            )
+
+        response = Response(
+            status_code,
+            headers=headers,
+            stream=stream,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+        response.stream = BoundSyncStream(stream, response=response, timer=timer)
+        self.cookies.extract_cookies(response)
+
+        status = f"{response.status_code} {response.reason_phrase}"
+        response_line = f"{response.http_version} {status}"
+        logger.debug(f'HTTP Request: {request.method} {request.url} "{response_line}"')
+
+        return response
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `GET` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "GET",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    def options(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an `OPTIONS` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "OPTIONS",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    def head(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `HEAD` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "HEAD",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    def post(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `POST` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "POST",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    def put(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PUT` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "PUT",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    def patch(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PATCH` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "PATCH",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    def delete(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `DELETE` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "DELETE",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close transport and proxies.
+        """
+        if self._state != ClientState.CLOSED:
+            self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+            self._transport.close()
+            for transport in self._mounts.values():
+                if transport is not None:
+                    transport.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+
+        self._transport.__enter__()
+        for transport in self._mounts.values():
+            if transport is not None:
+                transport.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: typing.Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+        self._transport.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+        for transport in self._mounts.values():
+            if transport is not None:
+                transport.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        # We use 'getattr' here, to manage the case where '__del__()' is called
+        # on a partically initiallized instance that raised an exception during
+        # the call to '__init__()'.
+        if getattr(self, "_state", None) == ClientState.OPENED:  # noqa: B009
+            self.close()
+
+
+class AsyncClient(BaseClient):
+    """
+    An asynchronous HTTP client, with connection pooling, HTTP/2, redirects,
+    cookie persistence, etc.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```python
+    >>> async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+    >>>     response = await client.get('https://example.org')
+    ```
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **auth** - *(optional)* An authentication class to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **params** - *(optional)* Query parameters to include in request URLs, as
+    a string, dictionary, or sequence of two-tuples.
+    * **headers** - *(optional)* Dictionary of HTTP headers to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **cookies** - *(optional)* Dictionary of Cookie items to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **verify** - *(optional)* SSL certificates (a.k.a CA bundle) used to
+    verify the identity of requested hosts. Either `True` (default CA bundle),
+    a path to an SSL certificate file, or `False` (disable verification).
+    * **cert** - *(optional)* An SSL certificate used by the requested host
+    to authenticate the client. Either a path to an SSL certificate file, or
+    two-tuple of (certificate file, key file), or a three-tuple of (certificate
+    file, key file, password).
+    * **http2** - *(optional)* A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 support should be
+    enabled. Defaults to `False`.
+    * **proxies** - *(optional)* A dictionary mapping HTTP protocols to proxy
+    URLs.
+    * **timeout** - *(optional)* The timeout configuration to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **limits** - *(optional)* The limits configuration to use.
+    * **max_redirects** - *(optional)* The maximum number of redirect responses
+    that should be followed.
+    * **base_url** - *(optional)* A URL to use as the base when building
+    request URLs.
+    * **transport** - *(optional)* A transport class to use for sending requests
+    over the network.
+    * **app** - *(optional)* An ASGI application to send requests to,
+    rather than sending actual network requests.
+    * **trust_env** - *(optional)* Enables or disables usage of environment
+    variables for configuration.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        auth: AuthTypes = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+        cert: CertTypes = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        proxies: ProxiesTypes = None,
+        mounts: typing.Mapping[str, AsyncBaseTransport] = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        max_redirects: int = DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+        event_hooks: typing.Mapping[str, typing.List[typing.Callable]] = None,
+        base_url: URLTypes = "",
+        transport: AsyncBaseTransport = None,
+        app: typing.Callable = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            auth=auth,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            max_redirects=max_redirects,
+            event_hooks=event_hooks,
+            base_url=base_url,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+        )
+
+        if http2:
+            try:
+                import h2  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using http2=True, but the 'h2' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[http2]`."
+                ) from None
+
+        allow_env_proxies = trust_env and app is None and transport is None
+        proxy_map = self._get_proxy_map(proxies, allow_env_proxies)
+
+        self._transport = self._init_transport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            transport=transport,
+            app=app,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+        )
+
+        self._mounts: typing.Dict[URLPattern, typing.Optional[AsyncBaseTransport]] = {
+            URLPattern(key): None
+            if proxy is None
+            else self._init_proxy_transport(
+                proxy,
+                verify=verify,
+                cert=cert,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                limits=limits,
+                trust_env=trust_env,
+            )
+            for key, proxy in proxy_map.items()
+        }
+        if mounts is not None:
+            self._mounts.update(
+                {URLPattern(key): transport for key, transport in mounts.items()}
+            )
+        self._mounts = dict(sorted(self._mounts.items()))
+
+    def _init_transport(
+        self,
+        verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+        cert: CertTypes = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        transport: AsyncBaseTransport = None,
+        app: typing.Callable = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+    ) -> AsyncBaseTransport:
+        if transport is not None:
+            return transport
+
+        if app is not None:
+            return ASGITransport(app=app)
+
+        return AsyncHTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+        )
+
+    def _init_proxy_transport(
+        self,
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+        cert: CertTypes = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+    ) -> AsyncBaseTransport:
+        return AsyncHTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            proxy=proxy,
+        )
+
+    def _transport_for_url(self, url: URL) -> AsyncBaseTransport:
+        """
+        Returns the transport instance that should be used for a given URL.
+        This will either be the standard connection pool, or a proxy.
+        """
+        for pattern, transport in self._mounts.items():
+            if pattern.matches(url):
+                return self._transport if transport is None else transport
+
+        return self._transport
+
+    async def request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Build and send a request.
+
+        Equivalent to:
+
+        ```python
+        request = client.build_request(...)
+        response = await client.send(request, ...)
+        ```
+
+        See `AsyncClient.build_request()`, `AsyncClient.send()`
+        and [Merging of configuration][0] for how the various parameters
+        are merged with client-level configuration.
+
+        [0]: /advanced/#merging-of-configuration
+        """
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+        )
+        response = await self.send(
+            request, auth=auth, allow_redirects=allow_redirects, timeout=timeout
+        )
+        return response
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def stream(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[Response]:
+        """
+        Alternative to `httpx.request()` that streams the response body
+        instead of loading it into memory at once.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+        See also: [Streaming Responses][0]
+
+        [0]: /quickstart#streaming-responses
+        """
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+        )
+        response = await self.send(
+            request=request,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            stream=True,
+        )
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        *,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a request.
+
+        The request is sent as-is, unmodified.
+
+        Typically you'll want to build one with `AsyncClient.build_request()`
+        so that any client-level configuration is merged into the request,
+        but passing an explicit `httpx.Request()` is supported as well.
+
+        See also: [Request instances][0]
+
+        [0]: /advanced/#request-instances
+        """
+        if self._state == ClientState.CLOSED:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot send a request, as the client has been closed.")
+
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+        timeout = (
+            self.timeout if isinstance(timeout, UseClientDefault) else Timeout(timeout)
+        )
+
+        auth = self._build_request_auth(request, auth)
+
+        response = await self._send_handling_auth(
+            request,
+            auth=auth,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            history=[],
+        )
+        try:
+            if not stream:
+                await response.aread()
+
+            for hook in self._event_hooks["response"]:
+                await hook(response)
+
+            return response
+
+        except Exception as exc:
+            await response.aclose()
+            raise exc
+
+    async def _send_handling_auth(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        auth: Auth,
+        timeout: Timeout,
+        allow_redirects: bool,
+        history: typing.List[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        auth_flow = auth.async_auth_flow(request)
+        try:
+            request = await auth_flow.__anext__()
+
+            for hook in self._event_hooks["request"]:
+                await hook(request)
+
+            while True:
+                response = await self._send_handling_redirects(
+                    request,
+                    timeout=timeout,
+                    allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+                    history=history,
+                )
+                try:
+                    try:
+                        next_request = await auth_flow.asend(response)
+                    except StopAsyncIteration:
+                        return response
+
+                    response.history = list(history)
+                    await response.aread()
+                    request = next_request
+                    history.append(response)
+
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    await response.aclose()
+                    raise exc
+        finally:
+            await auth_flow.aclose()
+
+    async def _send_handling_redirects(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        timeout: Timeout,
+        allow_redirects: bool,
+        history: typing.List[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        while True:
+            if len(history) > self.max_redirects:
+                raise TooManyRedirects(
+                    "Exceeded maximum allowed redirects.", request=request
+                )
+
+            response = await self._send_single_request(request, timeout)
+            try:
+                response.history = list(history)
+
+                if not response.is_redirect:
+                    return response
+
+                request = self._build_redirect_request(request, response)
+                history = history + [response]
+
+                if allow_redirects:
+                    await response.aread()
+                else:
+                    response.next_request = request
+                    return response
+
+            except Exception as exc:
+                await response.aclose()
+                raise exc
+
+    async def _send_single_request(
+        self, request: Request, timeout: Timeout
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Sends a single request, without handling any redirections.
+        """
+        transport = self._transport_for_url(request.url)
+        timer = Timer()
+        await timer.async_start()
+
+        if not isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to send an sync request with an AsyncClient instance."
+            )
+
+        with request_context(request=request):
+            (
+                status_code,
+                headers,
+                stream,
+                extensions,
+            ) = await transport.handle_async_request(
+                request.method.encode(),
+                request.url.raw,
+                headers=request.headers.raw,
+                stream=request.stream,
+                extensions={"timeout": timeout.as_dict()},
+            )
+
+        response = Response(
+            status_code,
+            headers=headers,
+            stream=stream,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+        response.stream = BoundAsyncStream(stream, response=response, timer=timer)
+        self.cookies.extract_cookies(response)
+
+        status = f"{response.status_code} {response.reason_phrase}"
+        response_line = f"{response.http_version} {status}"
+        logger.debug(f'HTTP Request: {request.method} {request.url} "{response_line}"')
+
+        return response
+
+    async def get(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `GET` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "GET",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    async def options(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an `OPTIONS` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "OPTIONS",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    async def head(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `HEAD` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "HEAD",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    async def post(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `POST` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "POST",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    async def put(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PUT` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "PUT",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    async def patch(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PATCH` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "PATCH",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    async def delete(
+        self,
+        url: URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        auth: typing.Union[AuthTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        allow_redirects: bool = True,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UseClientDefault] = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `DELETE` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "DELETE",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            allow_redirects=allow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close transport and proxies.
+        """
+        if self._state != ClientState.CLOSED:
+            self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+            await self._transport.aclose()
+            for proxy in self._mounts.values():
+                if proxy is not None:
+                    await proxy.aclose()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: U) -> U:
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+
+        await self._transport.__aenter__()
+        for proxy in self._mounts.values():
+            if proxy is not None:
+                await proxy.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: typing.Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+        await self._transport.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+        for proxy in self._mounts.values():
+            if proxy is not None:
+                await proxy.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        # We use 'getattr' here, to manage the case where '__del__()' is called
+        # on a partically initiallized instance that raised an exception during
+        # the call to '__init__()'.
+        if getattr(self, "_state", None) == ClientState.OPENED:  # noqa: B009
+            # Unlike the sync case, we cannot silently close the client when
+            # it is garbage collected, because `.aclose()` is an async operation,
+            # but `__del__` is not.
+            #
+            # For this reason we require explicit close management for
+            # `AsyncClient`, and issue a warning on unclosed clients.
+            #
+            # The context managed style is usually preferable, because it neatly
+            # ensures proper resource cleanup:
+            #
+            #     async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+            #         ...
+            #
+            # However, an explicit call to `aclose()` is also sufficient:
+            #
+            #    client = httpx.AsyncClient()
+            #    try:
+            #        ...
+            #    finally:
+            #        await client.aclose()
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Unclosed {self!r}. "
+                "See https://www.python-httpx.org/async/#opening-and-closing-clients "
+                "for details."
+            )
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_compat.py b/packages/httpx/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98a3e37b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""
+The _compat module is used for code which requires branching between different
+Python environments. It is excluded from the code coverage checks.
+"""
+import ssl
+import sys
+
+# `contextlib.asynccontextmanager` exists from Python 3.7 onwards.
+# For 3.6 we require the `async_generator` package for a backported version.
+try:
+    from contextlib import asynccontextmanager  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    from async_generator import asynccontextmanager  # type: ignore # noqa
+
+
+def set_minimum_tls_version_1_2(context: ssl.SSLContext) -> None:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+        context.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
+    else:
+        # These become deprecated in favor of 'context.minimum_version'
+        # from Python 3.10 onwards.
+        context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+        context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3
+        context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1
+        context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1_1
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_config.py b/packages/httpx/_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d29f9f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+import os
+import ssl
+import typing
+from base64 import b64encode
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import certifi
+
+from ._compat import set_minimum_tls_version_1_2
+from ._models import URL, Headers
+from ._types import CertTypes, HeaderTypes, TimeoutTypes, URLTypes, VerifyTypes
+from ._utils import get_ca_bundle_from_env, get_logger
+
+DEFAULT_CIPHERS = ":".join(
+    [
+        "ECDHE+AESGCM",
+        "ECDHE+CHACHA20",
+        "DHE+AESGCM",
+        "DHE+CHACHA20",
+        "ECDH+AESGCM",
+        "DH+AESGCM",
+        "ECDH+AES",
+        "DH+AES",
+        "RSA+AESGCM",
+        "RSA+AES",
+        "!aNULL",
+        "!eNULL",
+        "!MD5",
+        "!DSS",
+    ]
+)
+
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class UnsetType:
+    pass  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+UNSET = UnsetType()
+
+
+def create_ssl_context(
+    cert: CertTypes = None,
+    verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+    http2: bool = False,
+) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+    return SSLConfig(
+        cert=cert, verify=verify, trust_env=trust_env, http2=http2
+    ).ssl_context
+
+
+class SSLConfig:
+    """
+    SSL Configuration.
+    """
+
+    DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = Path(certifi.where())
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        cert: CertTypes = None,
+        verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.cert = cert
+        self.verify = verify
+        self.trust_env = trust_env
+        self.http2 = http2
+        self.ssl_context = self.load_ssl_context()
+
+    def load_ssl_context(self) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+        logger.trace(
+            f"load_ssl_context "
+            f"verify={self.verify!r} "
+            f"cert={self.cert!r} "
+            f"trust_env={self.trust_env!r} "
+            f"http2={self.http2!r}"
+        )
+
+        if self.verify:
+            return self.load_ssl_context_verify()
+        return self.load_ssl_context_no_verify()
+
+    def load_ssl_context_no_verify(self) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+        """
+        Return an SSL context for unverified connections.
+        """
+        context = self._create_default_ssl_context()
+        context.check_hostname = False
+        context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+        self._load_client_certs(context)
+        return context
+
+    def load_ssl_context_verify(self) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+        """
+        Return an SSL context for verified connections.
+        """
+        if self.trust_env and self.verify is True:
+            ca_bundle = get_ca_bundle_from_env()
+            if ca_bundle is not None:
+                self.verify = ca_bundle
+
+        if isinstance(self.verify, ssl.SSLContext):
+            # Allow passing in our own SSLContext object that's pre-configured.
+            context = self.verify
+            self._load_client_certs(context)
+            return context
+        elif isinstance(self.verify, bool):
+            ca_bundle_path = self.DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH
+        elif Path(self.verify).exists():
+            ca_bundle_path = Path(self.verify)
+        else:
+            raise IOError(
+                "Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, "
+                "invalid path: {}".format(self.verify)
+            )
+
+        context = self._create_default_ssl_context()
+        context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        context.check_hostname = True
+
+        # Signal to server support for PHA in TLS 1.3. Raises an
+        # AttributeError if only read-only access is implemented.
+        try:
+            context.post_handshake_auth = True  # type: ignore
+        except AttributeError:  # pragma: nocover
+            pass
+
+        # Disable using 'commonName' for SSLContext.check_hostname
+        # when the 'subjectAltName' extension isn't available.
+        try:
+            context.hostname_checks_common_name = False  # type: ignore
+        except AttributeError:  # pragma: nocover
+            pass
+
+        if ca_bundle_path.is_file():
+            logger.trace(f"load_verify_locations cafile={ca_bundle_path!s}")
+            context.load_verify_locations(cafile=str(ca_bundle_path))
+        elif ca_bundle_path.is_dir():
+            logger.trace(f"load_verify_locations capath={ca_bundle_path!s}")
+            context.load_verify_locations(capath=str(ca_bundle_path))
+
+        self._load_client_certs(context)
+
+        return context
+
+    def _create_default_ssl_context(self) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+        """
+        Creates the default SSLContext object that's used for both verified
+        and unverified connections.
+        """
+        context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+        set_minimum_tls_version_1_2(context)
+        context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION
+        context.set_ciphers(DEFAULT_CIPHERS)
+
+        if ssl.HAS_ALPN:
+            alpn_idents = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self.http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+            context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_idents)
+
+        if hasattr(context, "keylog_filename"):  # pragma: nocover (Available in 3.8+)
+            keylogfile = os.environ.get("SSLKEYLOGFILE")
+            if keylogfile and self.trust_env:
+                context.keylog_filename = keylogfile  # type: ignore
+
+        return context
+
+    def _load_client_certs(self, ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext) -> None:
+        """
+        Loads client certificates into our SSLContext object
+        """
+        if self.cert is not None:
+            if isinstance(self.cert, str):
+                ssl_context.load_cert_chain(certfile=self.cert)
+            elif isinstance(self.cert, tuple) and len(self.cert) == 2:
+                ssl_context.load_cert_chain(certfile=self.cert[0], keyfile=self.cert[1])
+            elif isinstance(self.cert, tuple) and len(self.cert) == 3:
+                ssl_context.load_cert_chain(
+                    certfile=self.cert[0],
+                    keyfile=self.cert[1],
+                    password=self.cert[2],  # type: ignore
+                )
+
+
+class Timeout:
+    """
+    Timeout configuration.
+
+    **Usage**:
+
+    Timeout(None)               # No timeouts.
+    Timeout(5.0)                # 5s timeout on all operations.
+    Timeout(None, connect=5.0)  # 5s timeout on connect, no other timeouts.
+    Timeout(5.0, connect=10.0)  # 10s timeout on connect. 5s timeout elsewhere.
+    Timeout(5.0, pool=None)     # No timeout on acquiring connection from pool.
+                                # 5s timeout elsewhere.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        timeout: typing.Union[TimeoutTypes, UnsetType] = UNSET,
+        *,
+        connect: typing.Union[None, float, UnsetType] = UNSET,
+        read: typing.Union[None, float, UnsetType] = UNSET,
+        write: typing.Union[None, float, UnsetType] = UNSET,
+        pool: typing.Union[None, float, UnsetType] = UNSET,
+    ):
+        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            # Passed as a single explicit Timeout.
+            assert connect is UNSET
+            assert read is UNSET
+            assert write is UNSET
+            assert pool is UNSET
+            self.connect = timeout.connect  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.read = timeout.read  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.write = timeout.write  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.pool = timeout.pool  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+        elif isinstance(timeout, tuple):
+            # Passed as a tuple.
+            self.connect = timeout[0]
+            self.read = timeout[1]
+            self.write = None if len(timeout) < 3 else timeout[2]
+            self.pool = None if len(timeout) < 4 else timeout[3]
+        elif not (
+            isinstance(connect, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(read, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(write, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(pool, UnsetType)
+        ):
+            self.connect = connect
+            self.read = read
+            self.write = write
+            self.pool = pool
+        else:
+            if isinstance(timeout, UnsetType):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "httpx.Timeout must either include a default, or set all "
+                    "four parameters explicitly."
+                )
+            self.connect = timeout if isinstance(connect, UnsetType) else connect
+            self.read = timeout if isinstance(read, UnsetType) else read
+            self.write = timeout if isinstance(write, UnsetType) else write
+            self.pool = timeout if isinstance(pool, UnsetType) else pool
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> typing.Dict[str, typing.Optional[float]]:
+        return {
+            "connect": self.connect,
+            "read": self.read,
+            "write": self.write,
+            "pool": self.pool,
+        }
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+            and self.connect == other.connect
+            and self.read == other.read
+            and self.write == other.write
+            and self.pool == other.pool
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        if len({self.connect, self.read, self.write, self.pool}) == 1:
+            return f"{class_name}(timeout={self.connect})"
+        return (
+            f"{class_name}(connect={self.connect}, "
+            f"read={self.read}, write={self.write}, pool={self.pool})"
+        )
+
+
+class Limits:
+    """
+    Configuration for limits to various client behaviors.
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **max_connections** - The maximum number of concurrent connections that may be
+            established.
+    * **max_keepalive_connections** - Allow the connection pool to maintain
+            keep-alive connections below this point. Should be less than or equal
+            to `max_connections`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        max_connections: int = None,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: typing.Optional[float] = 5.0,
+    ):
+        self.max_connections = max_connections
+        self.max_keepalive_connections = max_keepalive_connections
+        self.keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+            and self.max_connections == other.max_connections
+            and self.max_keepalive_connections == other.max_keepalive_connections
+            and self.keepalive_expiry == other.keepalive_expiry
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return (
+            f"{class_name}(max_connections={self.max_connections}, "
+            f"max_keepalive_connections={self.max_keepalive_connections}, "
+            f"keepalive_expiry={self.keepalive_expiry})"
+        )
+
+
+class Proxy:
+    def __init__(
+        self, url: URLTypes, *, headers: HeaderTypes = None, mode: str = "DEFAULT"
+    ):
+        url = URL(url)
+        headers = Headers(headers)
+
+        if url.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown scheme for proxy URL {url!r}")
+        if mode not in ("DEFAULT", "FORWARD_ONLY", "TUNNEL_ONLY"):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown proxy mode {mode!r}")
+
+        if url.username or url.password:
+            headers.setdefault(
+                "Proxy-Authorization",
+                self._build_auth_header(url.username, url.password),
+            )
+            # Remove userinfo from the URL authority, e.g.:
+            # 'username:password@proxy_host:proxy_port' -> 'proxy_host:proxy_port'
+            url = url.copy_with(username=None, password=None)
+
+        self.url = url
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.mode = mode
+
+    def _build_auth_header(self, username: str, password: str) -> str:
+        userpass = (username.encode("utf-8"), password.encode("utf-8"))
+        token = b64encode(b":".join(userpass)).decode()
+        return f"Basic {token}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"Proxy(url={str(self.url)!r}, "
+            f"headers={dict(self.headers)!r}, "
+            f"mode={self.mode!r})"
+        )
+
+
+DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG = Timeout(timeout=5.0)
+DEFAULT_LIMITS = Limits(max_connections=100, max_keepalive_connections=20)
+DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS = 20
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_content.py b/packages/httpx/_content.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86f3c7c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_content.py
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+import inspect
+import warnings
+from json import dumps as json_dumps
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from ._exceptions import StreamClosed, StreamConsumed
+from ._multipart import MultipartStream
+from ._transports.base import AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream
+from ._types import RequestContent, RequestData, RequestFiles, ResponseContent
+from ._utils import peek_filelike_length, primitive_value_to_str
+
+
+class ByteStream(AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: bytes) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._stream
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._stream
+
+
+class IteratorByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: Iterable[bytes]):
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._is_stream_consumed = False
+        self._is_generator = inspect.isgenerator(stream)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        if self._is_stream_consumed and self._is_generator:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+
+        self._is_stream_consumed = True
+        for part in self._stream:
+            yield part
+
+
+class AsyncIteratorByteStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: AsyncIterable[bytes]):
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._is_stream_consumed = False
+        self._is_generator = inspect.isasyncgen(stream)
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        if self._is_stream_consumed and self._is_generator:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+
+        self._is_stream_consumed = True
+        async for part in self._stream:
+            yield part
+
+
+class UnattachedStream(AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream):
+    """
+    If a request or response is serialized using pickle, then it is no longer
+    attached to a stream for I/O purposes. Any stream operations should result
+    in `httpx.StreamClosed`.
+    """
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        raise StreamClosed()
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        raise StreamClosed()
+        yield b""  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def encode_content(
+    content: Union[str, bytes, Iterable[bytes], AsyncIterable[bytes]]
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], Union[SyncByteStream, AsyncByteStream]]:
+
+    if isinstance(content, (bytes, str)):
+        body = content.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(content, str) else content
+        content_length = len(body)
+        headers = {"Content-Length": str(content_length)} if body else {}
+        return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+    elif isinstance(content, Iterable):
+        content_length_or_none = peek_filelike_length(content)
+
+        if content_length_or_none is None:
+            headers = {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked"}
+        else:
+            headers = {"Content-Length": str(content_length_or_none)}
+        return headers, IteratorByteStream(content)  # type: ignore
+
+    elif isinstance(content, AsyncIterable):
+        headers = {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked"}
+        return headers, AsyncIteratorByteStream(content)
+
+    raise TypeError(f"Unexpected type for 'content', {type(content)!r}")
+
+
+def encode_urlencoded_data(
+    data: dict,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    plain_data = []
+    for key, value in data.items():
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            plain_data.extend([(key, primitive_value_to_str(item)) for item in value])
+        else:
+            plain_data.append((key, primitive_value_to_str(value)))
+    body = urlencode(plain_data, doseq=True).encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_multipart_data(
+    data: dict, files: RequestFiles, boundary: bytes = None
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], MultipartStream]:
+    multipart = MultipartStream(data=data, files=files, boundary=boundary)
+    headers = multipart.get_headers()
+    return headers, multipart
+
+
+def encode_text(text: str) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = text.encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_html(html: str) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = html.encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_json(json: Any) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = json_dumps(json).encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "application/json"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_request(
+    content: RequestContent = None,
+    data: RequestData = None,
+    files: RequestFiles = None,
+    json: Any = None,
+    boundary: bytes = None,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], Union[SyncByteStream, AsyncByteStream]]:
+    """
+    Handles encoding the given `content`, `data`, `files`, and `json`,
+    returning a two-tuple of (<headers>, <stream>).
+    """
+    if data is not None and not isinstance(data, dict):
+        # We prefer to seperate `content=<bytes|str|byte iterator|bytes aiterator>`
+        # for raw request content, and `data=<form data>` for url encoded or
+        # multipart form content.
+        #
+        # However for compat with requests, we *do* still support
+        # `data=<bytes...>` usages. We deal with that case here, treating it
+        # as if `content=<...>` had been supplied instead.
+        message = "Use 'content=<...>' to upload raw bytes/text content."
+        warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning)
+        return encode_content(data)
+
+    if content is not None:
+        return encode_content(content)
+    elif files:
+        return encode_multipart_data(data or {}, files, boundary)
+    elif data:
+        return encode_urlencoded_data(data)
+    elif json is not None:
+        return encode_json(json)
+
+    return {}, ByteStream(b"")
+
+
+def encode_response(
+    content: ResponseContent = None,
+    text: str = None,
+    html: str = None,
+    json: Any = None,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], Union[SyncByteStream, AsyncByteStream]]:
+    """
+    Handles encoding the given `content`, returning a two-tuple of
+    (<headers>, <stream>).
+    """
+    if content is not None:
+        return encode_content(content)
+    elif text is not None:
+        return encode_text(text)
+    elif html is not None:
+        return encode_html(html)
+    elif json is not None:
+        return encode_json(json)
+
+    return {}, ByteStream(b"")
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_decoders.py b/packages/httpx/_decoders.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2230b77a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_decoders.py
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+"""
+Handlers for Content-Encoding.
+
+See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Encoding
+"""
+import codecs
+import io
+import typing
+import zlib
+
+from ._exceptions import DecodingError
+
+try:
+    import brotlicffi
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+    brotlicffi = None
+
+
+class ContentDecoder:
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class IdentityDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle unencoded data.
+    """
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return data
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        return b""
+
+
+class DeflateDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'deflate' decoding.
+
+    See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838699
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.first_attempt = True
+        self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj()
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        was_first_attempt = self.first_attempt
+        self.first_attempt = False
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.decompress(data)
+        except zlib.error as exc:
+            if was_first_attempt:
+                self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(-zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+                return self.decode(data)
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.flush()
+        except zlib.error as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class GZipDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'gzip' decoding.
+
+    See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838699
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(zlib.MAX_WBITS | 16)
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.decompress(data)
+        except zlib.error as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.flush()
+        except zlib.error as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class BrotliDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'brotli' decoding.
+
+    Requires `pip install brotlipy`. See: https://brotlipy.readthedocs.io/
+        or   `pip install brotli`. See https://github.com/google/brotli
+    Supports both 'brotlipy' and 'Brotli' packages since they share an import
+    name. The top branches are for 'brotlipy' and bottom branches for 'Brotli'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        if brotlicffi is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Using 'BrotliDecoder', but the 'brotlicffi' library "
+                "is not installed."
+                "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[brotli]`."
+            ) from None
+
+        self.decompressor = brotlicffi.Decompressor()
+        self.seen_data = False
+        if hasattr(self.decompressor, "decompress"):
+            self._decompress = self.decompressor.decompress
+        else:
+            self._decompress = self.decompressor.process  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if not data:
+            return b""
+        self.seen_data = True
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.decompress(data)
+        except brotlicffi.Error as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        if not self.seen_data:
+            return b""
+        try:
+            if hasattr(self.decompressor, "finish"):
+                self.decompressor.finish()
+            return b""
+        except brotlicffi.Error as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class MultiDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle the case where multiple encodings have been applied.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, children: typing.Sequence[ContentDecoder]) -> None:
+        """
+        'children' should be a sequence of decoders in the order in which
+        each was applied.
+        """
+        # Note that we reverse the order for decoding.
+        self.children = list(reversed(children))
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        for child in self.children:
+            data = child.decode(data)
+        return data
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        data = b""
+        for child in self.children:
+            data = child.decode(data) + child.flush()
+        return data
+
+
+class ByteChunker:
+    """
+    Handles returning byte content in fixed-size chunks.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, chunk_size: int = None) -> None:
+        self._buffer = io.BytesIO()
+        self._chunk_size = chunk_size
+
+    def decode(self, content: bytes) -> typing.List[bytes]:
+        if self._chunk_size is None:
+            return [content]
+
+        self._buffer.write(content)
+        if self._buffer.tell() >= self._chunk_size:
+            value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            chunks = [
+                value[i : i + self._chunk_size]
+                for i in range(0, len(value), self._chunk_size)
+            ]
+            if len(chunks[-1]) == self._chunk_size:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks
+            else:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.write(chunks[-1])
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks[:-1]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    def flush(self) -> typing.List[bytes]:
+        value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+        self._buffer.seek(0)
+        self._buffer.truncate()
+        return [value] if value else []
+
+
+class TextChunker:
+    """
+    Handles returning text content in fixed-size chunks.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, chunk_size: int = None) -> None:
+        self._buffer = io.StringIO()
+        self._chunk_size = chunk_size
+
+    def decode(self, content: str) -> typing.List[str]:
+        if self._chunk_size is None:
+            return [content]
+
+        self._buffer.write(content)
+        if self._buffer.tell() >= self._chunk_size:
+            value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            chunks = [
+                value[i : i + self._chunk_size]
+                for i in range(0, len(value), self._chunk_size)
+            ]
+            if len(chunks[-1]) == self._chunk_size:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks
+            else:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.write(chunks[-1])
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks[:-1]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    def flush(self) -> typing.List[str]:
+        value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+        self._buffer.seek(0)
+        self._buffer.truncate()
+        return [value] if value else []
+
+
+class TextDecoder:
+    """
+    Handles incrementally decoding bytes into text
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, encoding: typing.Optional[str] = None):
+        self.decoder: typing.Optional[codecs.IncrementalDecoder] = None
+        if encoding is not None:
+            self.decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)(errors="strict")
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> str:
+        """
+        If an encoding is explicitly specified, then we use that.
+        Otherwise our strategy is to attempt UTF-8, and fallback to Windows 1252.
+
+        Note that UTF-8 is a strict superset of ascii, and Windows 1252 is a
+        superset of the non-control characters in iso-8859-1, so we essentially
+        end up supporting any of ascii, utf-8, iso-8859-1, cp1252.
+
+        Given that UTF-8 is now by *far* the most widely used encoding, this
+        should be a pretty robust strategy for cases where a charset has
+        not been explicitly included.
+
+        Useful stats on the prevalence of different charsets in the wild...
+
+        * https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/character_encoding
+        * https://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding
+
+        The HTML5 spec also has some useful guidelines, suggesting defaults of
+        either UTF-8 or Windows 1252 in most cases...
+
+        * https://dev.w3.org/html5/spec-LC/Overview.html
+        """
+        if self.decoder is None:
+            # If this is the first decode pass then we need to determine which
+            # encoding to use by attempting UTF-8 and raising any decode errors.
+            attempt_utf_8 = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("utf-8")(errors="strict")
+            try:
+                attempt_utf_8.decode(data)
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                # Could not decode as UTF-8. Use Windows 1252.
+                self.decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("cp1252")(errors="replace")
+            else:
+                # Can decode as UTF-8. Use UTF-8 with lenient error settings.
+                self.decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("utf-8")(errors="replace")
+
+        return self.decoder.decode(data)
+
+    def flush(self) -> str:
+        if self.decoder is None:
+            return ""
+        return self.decoder.decode(b"", True)
+
+
+class LineDecoder:
+    """
+    Handles incrementally reading lines from text.
+
+    Uses universal line decoding, supporting any of `\n`, `\r`, or `\r\n`
+    as line endings, normalizing to `\n`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.buffer = ""
+
+    def decode(self, text: str) -> typing.List[str]:
+        lines = []
+
+        if text and self.buffer and self.buffer[-1] == "\r":
+            if text.startswith("\n"):
+                # Handle the case where we have an "\r\n" split across
+                # our previous input, and our new chunk.
+                lines.append(self.buffer[:-1] + "\n")
+                self.buffer = ""
+                text = text[1:]
+            else:
+                # Handle the case where we have "\r" at the end of our
+                # previous input.
+                lines.append(self.buffer[:-1] + "\n")
+                self.buffer = ""
+
+        while text:
+            num_chars = len(text)
+            for idx in range(num_chars):
+                char = text[idx]
+                next_char = None if idx + 1 == num_chars else text[idx + 1]
+                if char == "\n":
+                    lines.append(self.buffer + text[: idx + 1])
+                    self.buffer = ""
+                    text = text[idx + 1 :]
+                    break
+                elif char == "\r" and next_char == "\n":
+                    lines.append(self.buffer + text[:idx] + "\n")
+                    self.buffer = ""
+                    text = text[idx + 2 :]
+                    break
+                elif char == "\r" and next_char is not None:
+                    lines.append(self.buffer + text[:idx] + "\n")
+                    self.buffer = ""
+                    text = text[idx + 1 :]
+                    break
+                elif next_char is None:
+                    self.buffer += text
+                    text = ""
+                    break
+
+        return lines
+
+    def flush(self) -> typing.List[str]:
+        if self.buffer.endswith("\r"):
+            # Handle the case where we had a trailing '\r', which could have
+            # been a '\r\n' pair.
+            lines = [self.buffer[:-1] + "\n"]
+        elif self.buffer:
+            lines = [self.buffer]
+        else:
+            lines = []
+        self.buffer = ""
+        return lines
+
+
+SUPPORTED_DECODERS = {
+    "identity": IdentityDecoder,
+    "gzip": GZipDecoder,
+    "deflate": DeflateDecoder,
+    "br": BrotliDecoder,
+}
+
+
+if brotlicffi is None:
+    SUPPORTED_DECODERS.pop("br")  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_exceptions.py b/packages/httpx/_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6e59aa05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+"""
+Our exception hierarchy:
+
+* HTTPError
+  x RequestError
+    + TransportError
+      - TimeoutException
+        · ConnectTimeout
+        · ReadTimeout
+        · WriteTimeout
+        · PoolTimeout
+      - NetworkError
+        · ConnectError
+        · ReadError
+        · WriteError
+        · CloseError
+      - ProtocolError
+        · LocalProtocolError
+        · RemoteProtocolError
+      - ProxyError
+      - UnsupportedProtocol
+    + DecodingError
+    + TooManyRedirects
+    + RequestBodyUnavailable
+  x HTTPStatusError
+* InvalidURL
+* CookieConflict
+* StreamError
+  x StreamConsumed
+  x StreamClosed
+  x ResponseNotRead
+  x RequestNotRead
+"""
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._models import Request, Response  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class HTTPError(Exception):
+    """
+    Base class for `RequestError` and `HTTPStatusError`.
+
+    Useful for `try...except` blocks when issuing a request,
+    and then calling `.raise_for_status()`.
+
+    For example:
+
+    ```
+    try:
+        response = httpx.get("https://www.example.com")
+        response.raise_for_status()
+    except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
+        print(f"HTTP Exception for {exc.request.url} - {exc}")
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class RequestError(HTTPError):
+    """
+    Base class for all exceptions that may occur when issuing a `.request()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, request: "Request" = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        # At the point an exception is raised we won't typically have a request
+        # instance to associate it with.
+        #
+        # The 'request_context' context manager is used within the Client and
+        # Response methods in order to ensure that any raised exceptions
+        # have a `.request` property set on them.
+        self._request = request
+
+    @property
+    def request(self) -> "Request":
+        if self._request is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("The .request property has not been set.")
+        return self._request
+
+    @request.setter
+    def request(self, request: "Request") -> None:
+        self._request = request
+
+
+class TransportError(RequestError):
+    """
+    Base class for all exceptions that occur at the level of the Transport API.
+    """
+
+
+# Timeout exceptions...
+
+
+class TimeoutException(TransportError):
+    """
+    The base class for timeout errors.
+
+    An operation has timed out.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while connecting to the host.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while receiving data from the host.
+    """
+
+
+class WriteTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while sending data to the host.
+    """
+
+
+class PoolTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out waiting to acquire a connection from the pool.
+    """
+
+
+# Core networking exceptions...
+
+
+class NetworkError(TransportError):
+    """
+    The base class for network-related errors.
+
+    An error occurred while interacting with the network.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to receive data from the network.
+    """
+
+
+class WriteError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to send data through the network.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to establish a connection.
+    """
+
+
+class CloseError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to close a connection.
+    """
+
+
+# Other transport exceptions...
+
+
+class ProxyError(TransportError):
+    """
+    An error occurred while establishing a proxy connection.
+    """
+
+
+class UnsupportedProtocol(TransportError):
+    """
+    Attempted to make a request to an unsupported protocol.
+
+    For example issuing a request to `ftp://www.example.com`.
+    """
+
+
+class ProtocolError(TransportError):
+    """
+    The protocol was violated.
+    """
+
+
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    A protocol was violated by the client.
+
+    For example if the user instantiated a `Request` instance explicitly,
+    failed to include the mandatory `Host:` header, and then issued it directly
+    using `client.send()`.
+    """
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    The protocol was violated by the server.
+
+    For exaample, returning malformed HTTP.
+    """
+
+
+# Other request exceptions...
+
+
+class DecodingError(RequestError):
+    """
+    Decoding of the response failed, due to a malformed encoding.
+    """
+
+
+class TooManyRedirects(RequestError):
+    """
+    Too many redirects.
+    """
+
+
+# Client errors
+
+
+class HTTPStatusError(HTTPError):
+    """
+    The response had an error HTTP status of 4xx or 5xx.
+
+    May be raised when calling `response.raise_for_status()`
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, message: str, *, request: "Request", response: "Response"
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.request = request
+        self.response = response
+
+
+class InvalidURL(Exception):
+    """
+    URL is improperly formed or cannot be parsed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class CookieConflict(Exception):
+    """
+    Attempted to lookup a cookie by name, but multiple cookies existed.
+
+    Can occur when calling `response.cookies.get(...)`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+# Stream exceptions...
+
+# These may occur as the result of a programming error, by accessing
+# the request/response stream in an invalid manner.
+
+
+class StreamError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    The base class for stream exceptions.
+
+    The developer made an error in accessing the request stream in
+    an invalid way.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class StreamConsumed(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to read or stream content, but the content has already
+    been streamed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to read or stream some content, but the content has "
+            "already been streamed. For requests, this could be due to passing "
+            "a generator as request content, and then receiving a redirect "
+            "response or a secondary request as part of an authentication flow."
+            "For responses, this could be due to attempting to stream the response "
+            "content more than once."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class StreamClosed(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to read or stream response content, but the request has been
+    closed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to read or stream content, but the stream has " "been closed."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class ResponseNotRead(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to access streaming response content, without having called `read()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = "Attempted to access streaming response content, without having called `read()`."
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class RequestNotRead(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to access streaming request content, without having called `read()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = "Attempted to access streaming request content, without having called `read()`."
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def request_context(request: "Request" = None) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    """
+    A context manager that can be used to attach the given request context
+    to any `RequestError` exceptions that are raised within the block.
+    """
+    try:
+        yield
+    except RequestError as exc:
+        if request is not None:
+            exc.request = request
+        raise exc
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_models.py b/packages/httpx/_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06ebb92c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1843 @@
+import cgi
+import datetime
+import email.message
+import json as jsonlib
+import typing
+import urllib.request
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from http.cookiejar import Cookie, CookieJar
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs, quote, unquote, urlencode
+
+import idna
+import rfc3986
+import rfc3986.exceptions
+
+from ._content import ByteStream, UnattachedStream, encode_request, encode_response
+from ._decoders import (
+    SUPPORTED_DECODERS,
+    ByteChunker,
+    ContentDecoder,
+    IdentityDecoder,
+    LineDecoder,
+    MultiDecoder,
+    TextChunker,
+    TextDecoder,
+)
+from ._exceptions import (
+    CookieConflict,
+    HTTPStatusError,
+    InvalidURL,
+    RequestNotRead,
+    ResponseNotRead,
+    StreamClosed,
+    StreamConsumed,
+    request_context,
+)
+from ._status_codes import codes
+from ._transports.base import AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream
+from ._types import (
+    CookieTypes,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    PrimitiveData,
+    QueryParamTypes,
+    RawURL,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    ResponseContent,
+    URLTypes,
+)
+from ._utils import (
+    guess_json_utf,
+    is_known_encoding,
+    normalize_header_key,
+    normalize_header_value,
+    obfuscate_sensitive_headers,
+    parse_header_links,
+    primitive_value_to_str,
+)
+
+
+class URL:
+    """
+    url = httpx.URL("HTTPS://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@müller.de:1234/pa%20th?search=ab#anchorlink")
+
+    assert url.scheme == "https"
+    assert url.username == "jo@email.com"
+    assert url.password == "a secret"
+    assert url.userinfo == b"jo%40email.com:a%20secret"
+    assert url.host == "müller.de"
+    assert url.raw_host == b"xn--mller-kva.de"
+    assert url.port == 1234
+    assert url.netloc == b"xn--mller-kva.de:1234"
+    assert url.path == "/pa th"
+    assert url.query == b"?search=ab"
+    assert url.raw_path == b"/pa%20th?search=ab"
+    assert url.fragment == "anchorlink"
+
+    The components of a URL are broken down like this:
+
+       https://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@müller.de:1234/pa%20th?search=ab#anchorlink
+    [scheme]   [  username  ] [password] [ host ][port][ path ] [ query ] [fragment]
+               [       userinfo        ] [   netloc   ][    raw_path    ]
+
+    Note that:
+
+    * `url.scheme` is normalized to always be lowercased.
+
+    * `url.host` is normalized to always be lowercased. Internationalized domain
+      names are represented in unicode, without IDNA encoding applied. For instance:
+
+      url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+      assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+      url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+      assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+    * `url.raw_host` is normalized to always be lowercased, and is IDNA encoded.
+
+      url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+      assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+      url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+      assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+    * `url.port` is either None or an integer. URLs that include the default port for
+      "http", "https", "ws", "wss", and "ftp" schemes have their port normalized to `None`.
+
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com") == httpx.URL("http://example.com:80")
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com").port is None
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com:80").port is None
+
+    * `url.userinfo` is raw bytes, without URL escaping. Usually you'll want to work with
+      `url.username` and `url.password` instead, which handle the URL escaping.
+
+    * `url.raw_path` is raw bytes of both the path and query, without URL escaping.
+      This portion is used as the target when constructing HTTP requests. Usually you'll
+      want to work with `url.path` instead.
+
+    * `url.query` is raw bytes, without URL escaping. A URL query string portion can only
+      be properly URL escaped when decoding the parameter names and values themselves.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, url: typing.Union["URL", str, RawURL] = "", **kwargs: typing.Any
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(url, (str, tuple)):
+            if isinstance(url, tuple):
+                raw_scheme, raw_host, port, raw_path = url
+                scheme = raw_scheme.decode("ascii")
+                host = raw_host.decode("ascii")
+                if host and ":" in host and host[0] != "[":
+                    # it's an IPv6 address, so it should be enclosed in "[" and "]"
+                    # ref: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2732#section-2
+                    # ref: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2
+                    host = f"[{host}]"
+                port_str = "" if port is None else f":{port}"
+                path = raw_path.decode("ascii")
+                url = f"{scheme}://{host}{port_str}{path}"
+
+            try:
+                self._uri_reference = rfc3986.iri_reference(url).encode()
+            except rfc3986.exceptions.InvalidAuthority as exc:
+                raise InvalidURL(message=str(exc)) from None
+
+            if self.is_absolute_url:
+                # We don't want to normalize relative URLs, since doing so
+                # removes any leading `../` portion.
+                self._uri_reference = self._uri_reference.normalize()
+        elif isinstance(url, URL):
+            self._uri_reference = url._uri_reference
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Invalid type for url.  Expected str or httpx.URL, got {type(url)}: {url!r}"
+            )
+
+        # Perform port normalization, following the WHATWG spec for default ports.
+        #
+        # See:
+        # * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.3
+        # * https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-miscellaneous
+        # * https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#scheme-state
+        default_port = {
+            "ftp": ":21",
+            "http": ":80",
+            "https": ":443",
+            "ws": ":80",
+            "wss": ":443",
+        }.get(self._uri_reference.scheme, "")
+        authority = self._uri_reference.authority or ""
+        if default_port and authority.endswith(default_port):
+            authority = authority[: -len(default_port)]
+            self._uri_reference = self._uri_reference.copy_with(authority=authority)
+
+        if kwargs:
+            self._uri_reference = self.copy_with(**kwargs)._uri_reference
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL scheme, such as "http", "https".
+        Always normalised to lowercase.
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.scheme or ""
+
+    @property
+    def raw_scheme(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes representation of the URL scheme, such as b"http", b"https".
+        Always normalised to lowercase.
+        """
+        return self.scheme.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def userinfo(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The URL userinfo as a raw bytestring.
+        For example: b"jo%40email.com:a%20secret".
+        """
+        userinfo = self._uri_reference.userinfo or ""
+        return userinfo.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL username as a string, with URL decoding applied.
+        For example: "jo@email.com"
+        """
+        userinfo = self._uri_reference.userinfo or ""
+        return unquote(userinfo.partition(":")[0])
+
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL password as a string, with URL decoding applied.
+        For example: "a secret"
+        """
+        userinfo = self._uri_reference.userinfo or ""
+        return unquote(userinfo.partition(":")[2])
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL host as a string.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, with IDNA hosts decoded into unicode.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://www.EXAMPLE.org")
+        assert url.host == "www.example.org"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+        assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+        assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://[::ffff:192.168.0.1]")
+        assert url.host == "::ffff:192.168.0.1"
+        """
+        host: str = self._uri_reference.host or ""
+
+        if host and ":" in host and host[0] == "[":
+            # it's an IPv6 address
+            host = host.lstrip("[").rstrip("]")
+
+        if host.startswith("xn--"):
+            host = idna.decode(host)
+
+        return host
+
+    @property
+    def raw_host(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes representation of the URL host.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, and IDNA encoded.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://www.EXAMPLE.org")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"www.example.org"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://[::ffff:192.168.0.1]")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"::ffff:192.168.0.1"
+        """
+        host: str = self._uri_reference.host or ""
+
+        if host and ":" in host and host[0] == "[":
+            # it's an IPv6 address
+            host = host.lstrip("[").rstrip("]")
+
+        return host.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> typing.Optional[int]:
+        """
+        The URL port as an integer.
+
+        Note that the URL class performs port normalization as per the WHATWG spec.
+        Default ports for "http", "https", "ws", "wss", and "ftp" schemes are always
+        treated as `None`.
+
+        For example:
+
+        assert httpx.URL("http://www.example.com") == httpx.URL("http://www.example.com:80")
+        assert httpx.URL("http://www.example.com:80").port is None
+        """
+        port = self._uri_reference.port
+        return int(port) if port else None
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Either `<host>` or `<host>:<port>` as bytes.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, and IDNA encoded.
+
+        This property may be used for generating the value of a request
+        "Host" header.
+        """
+        host = self._uri_reference.host or ""
+        port = self._uri_reference.port
+        netloc = host.encode("ascii")
+        if port:
+            netloc = netloc + b":" + port.encode("ascii")
+        return netloc
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL path as a string. Excluding the query string, and URL decoded.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://example.com/pa%20th")
+        assert url.path == "/pa th"
+        """
+        path = self._uri_reference.path or "/"
+        return unquote(path)
+
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The URL query string, as raw bytes, excluding the leading b"?".
+
+        This is neccessarily a bytewise interface, because we cannot
+        perform URL decoding of this representation until we've parsed
+        the keys and values into a QueryParams instance.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://example.com/?filter=some%20search%20terms")
+        assert url.query == b"filter=some%20search%20terms"
+        """
+        query = self._uri_reference.query or ""
+        return query.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> "QueryParams":
+        """
+        The URL query parameters, neatly parsed and packaged into an immutable
+        multidict representation.
+        """
+        return QueryParams(self._uri_reference.query)
+
+    @property
+    def raw_path(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The complete URL path and query string as raw bytes.
+        Used as the target when constructing HTTP requests.
+
+        For example:
+
+        GET /users?search=some%20text HTTP/1.1
+        Host: www.example.org
+        Connection: close
+        """
+        path = self._uri_reference.path or "/"
+        if self._uri_reference.query is not None:
+            path += "?" + self._uri_reference.query
+        return path.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL fragments, as used in HTML anchors.
+        As a string, without the leading '#'.
+        """
+        return unquote(self._uri_reference.fragment or "")
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> RawURL:
+        """
+        The URL in the raw representation used by the low level
+        transport API. See `BaseTransport.handle_request`.
+
+        Provides the (scheme, host, port, target) for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        return (
+            self.raw_scheme,
+            self.raw_host,
+            self.port,
+            self.raw_path,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def is_absolute_url(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` for absolute URLs such as 'http://example.com/path',
+        and `False` for relative URLs such as '/path'.
+        """
+        # We don't use `.is_absolute` from `rfc3986` because it treats
+        # URLs with a fragment portion as not absolute.
+        # What we actually care about is if the URL provides
+        # a scheme and hostname to which connections should be made.
+        return bool(self._uri_reference.scheme and self._uri_reference.host)
+
+    @property
+    def is_relative_url(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `False` for absolute URLs such as 'http://example.com/path',
+        and `True` for relative URLs such as '/path'.
+        """
+        return not self.is_absolute_url
+
+    def copy_with(self, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> "URL":
+        """
+        Copy this URL, returning a new URL with some components altered.
+        Accepts the same set of parameters as the components that are made
+        available via properties on the `URL` class.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://www.example.com").copy_with(username="jo@gmail.com", password="a secret")
+        assert url == "https://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@www.example.com"
+        """
+        allowed = {
+            "scheme": str,
+            "username": str,
+            "password": str,
+            "userinfo": bytes,
+            "host": str,
+            "port": int,
+            "netloc": bytes,
+            "path": str,
+            "query": bytes,
+            "raw_path": bytes,
+            "fragment": str,
+            "params": object,
+        }
+
+        # Step 1
+        # ======
+        #
+        # Perform type checking for all supported keyword arguments.
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+            if key not in allowed:
+                message = f"{key!r} is an invalid keyword argument for copy_with()"
+                raise TypeError(message)
+            if value is not None and not isinstance(value, allowed[key]):
+                expected = allowed[key].__name__
+                seen = type(value).__name__
+                message = f"Argument {key!r} must be {expected} but got {seen}"
+                raise TypeError(message)
+
+        # Step 2
+        # ======
+        #
+        # Consolidate "username", "password", "userinfo", "host", "port" and "netloc"
+        # into a single "authority" keyword, for `rfc3986`.
+        if "username" in kwargs or "password" in kwargs:
+            # Consolidate "username" and "password" into "userinfo".
+            username = quote(kwargs.pop("username", self.username) or "")
+            password = quote(kwargs.pop("password", self.password) or "")
+            userinfo = f"{username}:{password}" if password else username
+            kwargs["userinfo"] = userinfo.encode("ascii")
+
+        if "host" in kwargs or "port" in kwargs:
+            # Consolidate "host" and "port" into "netloc".
+            host = kwargs.pop("host", self.host) or ""
+            port = kwargs.pop("port", self.port)
+
+            if host and ":" in host and host[0] != "[":
+                # IPv6 addresses need to be escaped within sqaure brackets.
+                host = f"[{host}]"
+
+            kwargs["netloc"] = (
+                f"{host}:{port}".encode("ascii")
+                if port is not None
+                else host.encode("ascii")
+            )
+
+        if "userinfo" in kwargs or "netloc" in kwargs:
+            # Consolidate "userinfo" and "netloc" into authority.
+            userinfo = (kwargs.pop("userinfo", self.userinfo) or b"").decode("ascii")
+            netloc = (kwargs.pop("netloc", self.netloc) or b"").decode("ascii")
+            authority = f"{userinfo}@{netloc}" if userinfo else netloc
+            kwargs["authority"] = authority
+
+        # Step 3
+        # ======
+        #
+        # Wrangle any "path", "query", "raw_path" and "params" keywords into
+        # "query" and "path" keywords for `rfc3986`.
+        if "raw_path" in kwargs:
+            # If "raw_path" is included, then split it into "path" and "query" components.
+            raw_path = kwargs.pop("raw_path") or b""
+            path, has_query, query = raw_path.decode("ascii").partition("?")
+            kwargs["path"] = path
+            kwargs["query"] = query if has_query else None
+
+        else:
+            if kwargs.get("path") is not None:
+                # Ensure `kwargs["path"] = <url quoted str>` for `rfc3986`.
+                kwargs["path"] = quote(kwargs["path"])
+
+            if kwargs.get("query") is not None:
+                # Ensure `kwargs["query"] = <str>` for `rfc3986`.
+                #
+                # Note that `.copy_with(query=None)` and `.copy_with(query=b"")`
+                # are subtly different. The `None` style will not include an empty
+                # trailing "?" character.
+                kwargs["query"] = kwargs["query"].decode("ascii")
+
+            if "params" in kwargs:
+                # Replace any "params" keyword with the raw "query" instead.
+                #
+                # Ensure that empty params use `kwargs["query"] = None` rather
+                # than `kwargs["query"] = ""`, so that generated URLs do not
+                # include an empty trailing "?".
+                params = kwargs.pop("params")
+                kwargs["query"] = None if not params else str(QueryParams(params))
+
+        # Step 4
+        # ======
+        #
+        # Ensure any fragment component is quoted.
+        if kwargs.get("fragment") is not None:
+            kwargs["fragment"] = quote(kwargs["fragment"])
+
+        # Step 5
+        # ======
+        #
+        # At this point kwargs may include keys for "scheme", "authority", "path",
+        # "query" and "fragment". Together these constitute the entire URL.
+        #
+        # See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3
+        #
+        #  foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose
+        #  \_/   \______________/\_________/ \_________/ \__/
+        #   |           |            |            |        |
+        # scheme     authority       path        query   fragment
+        return URL(self._uri_reference.copy_with(**kwargs).unsplit())
+
+    def copy_set_param(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> "URL":
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.set(key, value))
+
+    def copy_add_param(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> "URL":
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.add(key, value))
+
+    def copy_remove_param(self, key: str) -> "URL":
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.remove(key))
+
+    def copy_merge_params(self, params: QueryParamTypes) -> "URL":
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.merge(params))
+
+    def join(self, url: URLTypes) -> "URL":
+        """
+        Return an absolute URL, using this URL as the base.
+
+        Eg.
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://www.example.com/test")
+        url = url.join("/new/path")
+        assert url == "https://www.example.com/new/path"
+        """
+        if self.is_relative_url:
+            # Workaround to handle relative URLs, which otherwise raise
+            # rfc3986.exceptions.ResolutionError when used as an argument
+            # in `.resolve_with`.
+            return (
+                self.copy_with(scheme="http", host="example.com")
+                .join(url)
+                .copy_with(scheme=None, host=None)
+            )
+
+        # We drop any fragment portion, because RFC 3986 strictly
+        # treats URLs with a fragment portion as not being absolute URLs.
+        base_uri = self._uri_reference.copy_with(fragment=None)
+        relative_url = URL(url)
+        return URL(relative_url._uri_reference.resolve_with(base_uri).unsplit())
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(str(self))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, (URL, str)) and str(self) == str(URL(other))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._uri_reference.unsplit()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        url_str = str(self)
+        if self._uri_reference.userinfo:
+            # Mask any password component in the URL representation, to lower the
+            # risk of unintended leakage, such as in debug information and logging.
+            username = quote(self.username)
+            url_str = (
+                rfc3986.urlparse(url_str)
+                .copy_with(userinfo=f"{username}:[secure]")
+                .unsplit()
+            )
+        return f"{class_name}({url_str!r})"
+
+
+class QueryParams(typing.Mapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    URL query parameters, as a multi-dict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: QueryParamTypes, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        assert len(args) < 2, "Too many arguments."
+        assert not (args and kwargs), "Cannot mix named and unnamed arguments."
+
+        value = args[0] if args else kwargs
+
+        items: typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[str, PrimitiveData]]
+        if value is None or isinstance(value, (str, bytes)):
+            value = value.decode("ascii") if isinstance(value, bytes) else value
+            self._dict = parse_qs(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, QueryParams):
+            self._dict = {k: list(v) for k, v in value._dict.items()}
+        else:
+            dict_value: typing.Dict[typing.Any, typing.List[typing.Any]] = {}
+            if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+                # Convert list inputs like:
+                #     [("a", "123"), ("a", "456"), ("b", "789")]
+                # To a dict representation, like:
+                #     {"a": ["123", "456"], "b": ["789"]}
+                for item in value:
+                    dict_value.setdefault(item[0], []).append(item[1])
+            else:
+                # Convert dict inputs like:
+                #    {"a": "123", "b": ["456", "789"]}
+                # To dict inputs where values are always lists, like:
+                #    {"a": ["123"], "b": ["456", "789"]}
+                dict_value = {
+                    k: list(v) if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)) else [v]
+                    for k, v in value.items()
+                }
+
+            # Ensure that keys and values are neatly coerced to strings.
+            # We coerce values `True` and `False` to JSON-like "true" and "false"
+            # representations, and coerce `None` values to the empty string.
+            self._dict = {
+                str(k): [primitive_value_to_str(item) for item in v]
+                for k, v in dict_value.items()
+            }
+
+    def keys(self) -> typing.KeysView:
+        """
+        Return all the keys in the query params.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.keys()) == ["a", "b"]
+        """
+        return self._dict.keys()
+
+    def values(self) -> typing.ValuesView:
+        """
+        Return all the values in the query params. If a key occurs more than once
+        only the first item for that key is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.values()) == ["123", "789"]
+        """
+        return {k: v[0] for k, v in self._dict.items()}.values()
+
+    def items(self) -> typing.ItemsView:
+        """
+        Return all items in the query params. If a key occurs more than once
+        only the first item for that key is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.items()) == [("a", "123"), ("b", "789")]
+        """
+        return {k: v[0] for k, v in self._dict.items()}.items()
+
+    def multi_items(self) -> typing.List[typing.Tuple[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Return all items in the query params. Allow duplicate keys to occur.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.multi_items()) == [("a", "123"), ("a", "456"), ("b", "789")]
+        """
+        multi_items: typing.List[typing.Tuple[str, str]] = []
+        for k, v in self._dict.items():
+            multi_items.extend([(k, i) for i in v])
+        return multi_items
+
+    def get(self, key: typing.Any, default: typing.Any = None) -> typing.Any:
+        """
+        Get a value from the query param for a given key. If the key occurs
+        more than once, then only the first value is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert q.get("a") == "123"
+        """
+        if key in self._dict:
+            return self._dict[str(key)][0]
+        return default
+
+    def get_list(self, key: str) -> typing.List[str]:
+        """
+        Get all values from the query param for a given key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert q.get_list("a") == ["123", "456"]
+        """
+        return list(self._dict.get(str(key), []))
+
+    def set(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> "QueryParams":
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, setting the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.set("a", "456")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=456")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict[str(key)] = [primitive_value_to_str(value)]
+        return q
+
+    def add(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> "QueryParams":
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, setting or appending the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.add("a", "456")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict[str(key)] = q.get_list(key) + [primitive_value_to_str(value)]
+        return q
+
+    def remove(self, key: str) -> "QueryParams":
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, removing the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.remove("a")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict.pop(str(key), None)
+        return q
+
+    def merge(self, params: QueryParamTypes = None) -> "QueryParams":
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, updated with.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.merge({"b": "456"})
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=123&b=456")
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.merge({"a": "456", "b": "789"})
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=456&b=789")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams(params)
+        q._dict = {**self._dict, **q._dict}
+        return q
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: typing.Any) -> str:
+        return self._dict[key][0]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return key in self._dict
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[typing.Any]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._dict)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._dict)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(str(self))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return False
+        return sorted(self.multi_items()) == sorted(other.multi_items())
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return urlencode(self.multi_items())
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        query_string = str(self)
+        return f"{class_name}({query_string!r})"
+
+    def update(self, params: QueryParamTypes = None) -> None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "QueryParams are immutable since 0.18.0. "
+            "Use `q = q.merge(...)` to create an updated copy."
+        )
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "QueryParams are immutable since 0.18.0. "
+            "Use `q = q.set(key, value)` to create an updated copy."
+        )
+
+
+class Headers(typing.MutableMapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    HTTP headers, as a case-insensitive multi-dict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, headers: HeaderTypes = None, encoding: str = None) -> None:
+        if headers is None:
+            self._list = []  # type: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, bytes]]
+        elif isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            self._list = list(headers._list)
+        elif isinstance(headers, dict):
+            self._list = [
+                (
+                    normalize_header_key(k, lower=False, encoding=encoding),
+                    normalize_header_key(k, lower=True, encoding=encoding),
+                    normalize_header_value(v, encoding),
+                )
+                for k, v in headers.items()
+            ]
+        else:
+            self._list = [
+                (
+                    normalize_header_key(k, lower=False, encoding=encoding),
+                    normalize_header_key(k, lower=True, encoding=encoding),
+                    normalize_header_value(v, encoding),
+                )
+                for k, v in headers
+            ]
+
+        self._encoding = encoding
+
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Header encoding is mandated as ascii, but we allow fallbacks to utf-8
+        or iso-8859-1.
+        """
+        if self._encoding is None:
+            for encoding in ["ascii", "utf-8"]:
+                for key, value in self.raw:
+                    try:
+                        key.decode(encoding)
+                        value.decode(encoding)
+                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    # The else block runs if 'break' did not occur, meaning
+                    # all values fitted the encoding.
+                    self._encoding = encoding
+                    break
+            else:
+                # The ISO-8859-1 encoding covers all 256 code points in a byte,
+                # so will never raise decode errors.
+                self._encoding = "iso-8859-1"
+        return self._encoding
+
+    @encoding.setter
+    def encoding(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._encoding = value
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        """
+        Returns a list of the raw header items, as byte pairs.
+        """
+        return [(raw_key, value) for raw_key, _, value in self._list]
+
+    def keys(self) -> typing.KeysView[str]:
+        return {key.decode(self.encoding): None for _, key, value in self._list}.keys()
+
+    def values(self) -> typing.ValuesView[str]:
+        values_dict: typing.Dict[str, str] = {}
+        for _, key, value in self._list:
+            str_key = key.decode(self.encoding)
+            str_value = value.decode(self.encoding)
+            if str_key in values_dict:
+                values_dict[str_key] += f", {str_value}"
+            else:
+                values_dict[str_key] = str_value
+        return values_dict.values()
+
+    def items(self) -> typing.ItemsView[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return `(key, value)` items of headers. Concatenate headers
+        into a single comma seperated value when a key occurs multiple times.
+        """
+        values_dict: typing.Dict[str, str] = {}
+        for _, key, value in self._list:
+            str_key = key.decode(self.encoding)
+            str_value = value.decode(self.encoding)
+            if str_key in values_dict:
+                values_dict[str_key] += f", {str_value}"
+            else:
+                values_dict[str_key] = str_value
+        return values_dict.items()
+
+    def multi_items(self) -> typing.List[typing.Tuple[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Return a list of `(key, value)` pairs of headers. Allow multiple
+        occurences of the same key without concatenating into a single
+        comma seperated value.
+        """
+        return [
+            (key.decode(self.encoding), value.decode(self.encoding))
+            for _, key, value in self._list
+        ]
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: typing.Any = None) -> typing.Any:
+        """
+        Return a header value. If multiple occurences of the header occur
+        then concatenate them together with commas.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+    def get_list(self, key: str, split_commas: bool = False) -> typing.List[str]:
+        """
+        Return a list of all header values for a given key.
+        If `split_commas=True` is passed, then any comma seperated header
+        values are split into multiple return strings.
+        """
+        get_header_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+
+        values = [
+            item_value.decode(self.encoding)
+            for _, item_key, item_value in self._list
+            if item_key.lower() == get_header_key
+        ]
+
+        if not split_commas:
+            return values
+
+        split_values = []
+        for value in values:
+            split_values.extend([item.strip() for item in value.split(",")])
+        return split_values
+
+    def update(self, headers: HeaderTypes = None) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        headers = Headers(headers)
+        for key, value in headers.raw:
+            self[key.decode(headers.encoding)] = value.decode(headers.encoding)
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Headers":
+        return Headers(self, encoding=self.encoding)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single header value.
+
+        If there are multiple headers with the same key, then we concatenate
+        them with commas. See: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.2
+        """
+        normalized_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+
+        items = []
+        for _, header_key, header_value in self._list:
+            if header_key == normalized_key:
+                items.append(header_value.decode(self.encoding))
+
+        if items:
+            return ", ".join(items)
+
+        raise KeyError(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the header `key` to `value`, removing any duplicate entries.
+        Retains insertion order.
+        """
+        set_key = key.encode(self._encoding or "utf-8")
+        set_value = value.encode(self._encoding or "utf-8")
+        lookup_key = set_key.lower()
+
+        found_indexes = []
+        for idx, (_, item_key, _) in enumerate(self._list):
+            if item_key == lookup_key:
+                found_indexes.append(idx)
+
+        for idx in reversed(found_indexes[1:]):
+            del self._list[idx]
+
+        if found_indexes:
+            idx = found_indexes[0]
+            self._list[idx] = (set_key, lookup_key, set_value)
+        else:
+            self._list.append((set_key, lookup_key, set_value))
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove the header `key`.
+        """
+        del_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+
+        pop_indexes = []
+        for idx, (_, item_key, _) in enumerate(self._list):
+            if item_key.lower() == del_key:
+                pop_indexes.append(idx)
+
+        if not pop_indexes:
+            raise KeyError(key)
+
+        for idx in reversed(pop_indexes):
+            del self._list[idx]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        header_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+        return header_key in [key for _, key, _ in self._list]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[typing.Any]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._list)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        try:
+            other_headers = Headers(other)
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+        self_list = [(key, value) for _, key, value in self._list]
+        other_list = [(key, value) for _, key, value in other_headers._list]
+        return sorted(self_list) == sorted(other_list)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+
+        encoding_str = ""
+        if self.encoding != "ascii":
+            encoding_str = f", encoding={self.encoding!r}"
+
+        as_list = list(obfuscate_sensitive_headers(self.multi_items()))
+        as_dict = dict(as_list)
+
+        no_duplicate_keys = len(as_dict) == len(as_list)
+        if no_duplicate_keys:
+            return f"{class_name}({as_dict!r}{encoding_str})"
+        return f"{class_name}({as_list!r}{encoding_str})"
+
+
+class Request:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        method: typing.Union[str, bytes],
+        url: typing.Union["URL", str, RawURL],
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes = None,
+        content: RequestContent = None,
+        data: RequestData = None,
+        files: RequestFiles = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        stream: typing.Union[SyncByteStream, AsyncByteStream] = None,
+    ):
+        if isinstance(method, bytes):
+            self.method = method.decode("ascii").upper()
+        else:
+            self.method = method.upper()
+        self.url = URL(url)
+        if params is not None:
+            self.url = self.url.copy_merge_params(params=params)
+        self.headers = Headers(headers)
+        if cookies:
+            Cookies(cookies).set_cookie_header(self)
+
+        if stream is None:
+            headers, stream = encode_request(content, data, files, json)
+            self._prepare(headers)
+            self.stream = stream
+            # Load the request body, except for streaming content.
+            if isinstance(stream, ByteStream):
+                self.read()
+        else:
+            # There's an important distinction between `Request(content=...)`,
+            # and `Request(stream=...)`.
+            #
+            # Using `content=...` implies automatically populated `Host` and content
+            # headers, of either `Content-Length: ...` or `Transfer-Encoding: chunked`.
+            #
+            # Using `stream=...` will not automatically include *any* auto-populated headers.
+            #
+            # As an end-user you don't really need `stream=...`. It's only
+            # useful when:
+            #
+            # * Preserving the request stream when copying requests, eg for redirects.
+            # * Creating request instances on the *server-side* of the transport API.
+            self.stream = stream
+
+    def _prepare(self, default_headers: typing.Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+        for key, value in default_headers.items():
+            # Ignore Transfer-Encoding if the Content-Length has been set explicitly.
+            if key.lower() == "transfer-encoding" and "Content-Length" in self.headers:
+                continue
+            self.headers.setdefault(key, value)
+
+        auto_headers: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+
+        has_host = "Host" in self.headers
+        has_content_length = (
+            "Content-Length" in self.headers or "Transfer-Encoding" in self.headers
+        )
+
+        if not has_host and self.url.host:
+            auto_headers.append((b"Host", self.url.netloc))
+        if not has_content_length and self.method in ("POST", "PUT", "PATCH"):
+            auto_headers.append((b"Content-Length", b"0"))
+
+        self.headers = Headers(auto_headers + self.headers.raw)
+
+    @property
+    def content(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            raise RequestNotRead()
+        return self._content
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the request content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            assert isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable)
+            self._content = b"".join(self.stream)
+            if not isinstance(self.stream, ByteStream):
+                # If a streaming request has been read entirely into memory, then
+                # we can replace the stream with a raw bytes implementation,
+                # to ensure that any non-replayable streams can still be used.
+                self.stream = ByteStream(self._content)
+        return self._content
+
+    async def aread(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the request content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            assert isinstance(self.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+            self._content = b"".join([part async for part in self.stream])
+            if not isinstance(self.stream, ByteStream):
+                # If a streaming request has been read entirely into memory, then
+                # we can replace the stream with a raw bytes implementation,
+                # to ensure that any non-replayable streams can still be used.
+                self.stream = ByteStream(self._content)
+        return self._content
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        url = str(self.url)
+        return f"<{class_name}({self.method!r}, {url!r})>"
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> typing.Dict[str, typing.Any]:
+        return {
+            name: value
+            for name, value in self.__dict__.items()
+            if name not in ["stream"]
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: typing.Dict[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, name, value)
+        self.stream = UnattachedStream()
+
+
+class Response:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status_code: int,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: ResponseContent = None,
+        text: str = None,
+        html: str = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        stream: typing.Union[SyncByteStream, AsyncByteStream] = None,
+        request: Request = None,
+        extensions: dict = None,
+        history: typing.List["Response"] = None,
+    ):
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.headers = Headers(headers)
+
+        self._request: typing.Optional[Request] = request
+
+        # When allow_redirects=False and a redirect is received,
+        # the client will set `response.next_request`.
+        self.next_request: typing.Optional[Request] = None
+
+        self.extensions = {} if extensions is None else extensions
+        self.history = [] if history is None else list(history)
+
+        self.is_closed = False
+        self.is_stream_consumed = False
+
+        if stream is None:
+            headers, stream = encode_response(content, text, html, json)
+            self._prepare(headers)
+            self.stream = stream
+            if isinstance(stream, ByteStream):
+                # Load the response body, except for streaming content.
+                self.read()
+        else:
+            # There's an important distinction between `Response(content=...)`,
+            # and `Response(stream=...)`.
+            #
+            # Using `content=...` implies automatically populated content headers,
+            # of either `Content-Length: ...` or `Transfer-Encoding: chunked`.
+            #
+            # Using `stream=...` will not automatically include any content headers.
+            #
+            # As an end-user you don't really need `stream=...`. It's only
+            # useful when creating response instances having received a stream
+            # from the transport API.
+            self.stream = stream
+
+        self._num_bytes_downloaded = 0
+
+    def _prepare(self, default_headers: typing.Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+        for key, value in default_headers.items():
+            # Ignore Transfer-Encoding if the Content-Length has been set explicitly.
+            if key.lower() == "transfer-encoding" and "content-length" in self.headers:
+                continue
+            self.headers.setdefault(key, value)
+
+    @property
+    def elapsed(self) -> datetime.timedelta:
+        """
+        Returns the time taken for the complete request/response
+        cycle to complete.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_elapsed"):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "'.elapsed' may only be accessed after the response "
+                "has been read or closed."
+            )
+        return self._elapsed
+
+    @elapsed.setter
+    def elapsed(self, elapsed: datetime.timedelta) -> None:
+        self._elapsed = elapsed
+
+    @property
+    def request(self) -> Request:
+        """
+        Returns the request instance associated to the current response.
+        """
+        if self._request is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The request instance has not been set on this response."
+            )
+        return self._request
+
+    @request.setter
+    def request(self, value: Request) -> None:
+        self._request = value
+
+    @property
+    def http_version(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            return self.extensions["http_version"].decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+        except KeyError:
+            return "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    @property
+    def reason_phrase(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            return self.extensions["reason_phrase"].decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+        except KeyError:
+            return codes.get_reason_phrase(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> typing.Optional[URL]:
+        """
+        Returns the URL for which the request was made.
+        """
+        return self.request.url
+
+    @property
+    def content(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            raise ResponseNotRead()
+        return self._content
+
+    @property
+    def text(self) -> str:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_text"):
+            content = self.content
+            if not content:
+                self._text = ""
+            else:
+                decoder = TextDecoder(encoding=self.encoding)
+                self._text = "".join([decoder.decode(self.content), decoder.flush()])
+        return self._text
+
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> typing.Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the encoding, which may have been set explicitly, or may have
+        been specified by the Content-Type header.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_encoding"):
+            encoding = self.charset_encoding
+            if encoding is None or not is_known_encoding(encoding):
+                self._encoding = None
+            else:
+                self._encoding = encoding
+        return self._encoding
+
+    @encoding.setter
+    def encoding(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._encoding = value
+
+    @property
+    def charset_encoding(self) -> typing.Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the encoding, as specified by the Content-Type header.
+        """
+        content_type = self.headers.get("Content-Type")
+        if content_type is None:
+            return None
+
+        _, params = cgi.parse_header(content_type)
+        if "charset" not in params:
+            return None
+
+        return params["charset"].strip("'\"")
+
+    def _get_content_decoder(self) -> ContentDecoder:
+        """
+        Returns a decoder instance which can be used to decode the raw byte
+        content, depending on the Content-Encoding used in the response.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_decoder"):
+            decoders: typing.List[ContentDecoder] = []
+            values = self.headers.get_list("content-encoding", split_commas=True)
+            for value in values:
+                value = value.strip().lower()
+                try:
+                    decoder_cls = SUPPORTED_DECODERS[value]
+                    decoders.append(decoder_cls())
+                except KeyError:
+                    continue
+
+            if len(decoders) == 1:
+                self._decoder = decoders[0]
+            elif len(decoders) > 1:
+                self._decoder = MultiDecoder(children=decoders)
+            else:
+                self._decoder = IdentityDecoder()
+
+        return self._decoder
+
+    @property
+    def is_error(self) -> bool:
+        return codes.is_error(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_redirect(self) -> bool:
+        return codes.is_redirect(self.status_code) and "location" in self.headers
+
+    def raise_for_status(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Raise the `HTTPStatusError` if one occurred.
+        """
+        message = (
+            "{0.status_code} {error_type}: {0.reason_phrase} for url: {0.url}\n"
+            "For more information check: https://httpstatuses.com/{0.status_code}"
+        )
+
+        request = self._request
+        if request is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Cannot call `raise_for_status` as the request "
+                "instance has not been set on this response."
+            )
+
+        if codes.is_client_error(self.status_code):
+            message = message.format(self, error_type="Client Error")
+            raise HTTPStatusError(message, request=request, response=self)
+        elif codes.is_server_error(self.status_code):
+            message = message.format(self, error_type="Server Error")
+            raise HTTPStatusError(message, request=request, response=self)
+
+    def json(self, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> typing.Any:
+        if self.charset_encoding is None and self.content and len(self.content) > 3:
+            encoding = guess_json_utf(self.content)
+            if encoding is not None:
+                try:
+                    return jsonlib.loads(self.content.decode(encoding), **kwargs)
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    pass
+        return jsonlib.loads(self.text, **kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> "Cookies":
+        if not hasattr(self, "_cookies"):
+            self._cookies = Cookies()
+            self._cookies.extract_cookies(self)
+        return self._cookies
+
+    @property
+    def links(self) -> typing.Dict[typing.Optional[str], typing.Dict[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Returns the parsed header links of the response, if any
+        """
+        header = self.headers.get("link")
+        ldict = {}
+        if header:
+            links = parse_header_links(header)
+            for link in links:
+                key = link.get("rel") or link.get("url")
+                ldict[key] = link
+        return ldict
+
+    @property
+    def num_bytes_downloaded(self) -> int:
+        return self._num_bytes_downloaded
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Response [{self.status_code} {self.reason_phrase}]>"
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> typing.Dict[str, typing.Any]:
+        return {
+            name: value
+            for name, value in self.__dict__.items()
+            if name not in ["stream", "is_closed", "_decoder"]
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: typing.Dict[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, name, value)
+        self.is_closed = True
+        self.stream = UnattachedStream()
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the response content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            self._content = b"".join(self.iter_bytes())
+        return self._content
+
+    def iter_bytes(self, chunk_size: int = None) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the decoded response content.
+        This allows us to handle gzip, deflate, and brotli encoded responses.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            chunk_size = len(self._content) if chunk_size is None else chunk_size
+            for i in range(0, len(self._content), chunk_size):
+                yield self._content[i : i + chunk_size]
+        else:
+            decoder = self._get_content_decoder()
+            chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                for raw_bytes in self.iter_raw():
+                    decoded = decoder.decode(raw_bytes)
+                    for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                        yield chunk
+                decoded = decoder.flush()
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                    yield chunk
+                for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                    yield chunk
+
+    def iter_text(self, chunk_size: int = None) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+        """
+        A str-iterator over the decoded response content
+        that handles both gzip, deflate, etc but also detects the content's
+        string encoding.
+        """
+        decoder = TextDecoder(encoding=self.encoding)
+        chunker = TextChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            for byte_content in self.iter_bytes():
+                text_content = decoder.decode(byte_content)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                    yield chunk
+            text_content = decoder.flush()
+            for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                yield chunk
+            for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                yield chunk
+
+    def iter_lines(self) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+        decoder = LineDecoder()
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            for text in self.iter_text():
+                for line in decoder.decode(text):
+                    yield line
+            for line in decoder.flush():
+                yield line
+
+    def iter_raw(self, chunk_size: int = None) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the raw response content.
+        """
+        if self.is_stream_consumed:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+        if self.is_closed:
+            raise StreamClosed()
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, SyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call a sync iterator on an async stream.")
+
+        self.is_stream_consumed = True
+        self._num_bytes_downloaded = 0
+        chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            for raw_stream_bytes in self.stream:
+                self._num_bytes_downloaded += len(raw_stream_bytes)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(raw_stream_bytes):
+                    yield chunk
+
+        for chunk in chunker.flush():
+            yield chunk
+
+        self.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the response and release the connection.
+        Automatically called if the response body is read to completion.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, SyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call an sync close on an async stream.")
+
+        if not self.is_closed:
+            self.is_closed = True
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                self.stream.close()
+
+    async def aread(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the response content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            self._content = b"".join([part async for part in self.aiter_bytes()])
+        return self._content
+
+    async def aiter_bytes(self, chunk_size: int = None) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the decoded response content.
+        This allows us to handle gzip, deflate, and brotli encoded responses.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            chunk_size = len(self._content) if chunk_size is None else chunk_size
+            for i in range(0, len(self._content), chunk_size):
+                yield self._content[i : i + chunk_size]
+        else:
+            decoder = self._get_content_decoder()
+            chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                async for raw_bytes in self.aiter_raw():
+                    decoded = decoder.decode(raw_bytes)
+                    for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                        yield chunk
+                decoded = decoder.flush()
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                    yield chunk
+                for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                    yield chunk
+
+    async def aiter_text(self, chunk_size: int = None) -> typing.AsyncIterator[str]:
+        """
+        A str-iterator over the decoded response content
+        that handles both gzip, deflate, etc but also detects the content's
+        string encoding.
+        """
+        decoder = TextDecoder(encoding=self.encoding)
+        chunker = TextChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            async for byte_content in self.aiter_bytes():
+                text_content = decoder.decode(byte_content)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                    yield chunk
+            text_content = decoder.flush()
+            for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                yield chunk
+            for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                yield chunk
+
+    async def aiter_lines(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[str]:
+        decoder = LineDecoder()
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            async for text in self.aiter_text():
+                for line in decoder.decode(text):
+                    yield line
+            for line in decoder.flush():
+                yield line
+
+    async def aiter_raw(self, chunk_size: int = None) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the raw response content.
+        """
+        if self.is_stream_consumed:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+        if self.is_closed:
+            raise StreamClosed()
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, AsyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call an async iterator on an sync stream.")
+
+        self.is_stream_consumed = True
+        self._num_bytes_downloaded = 0
+        chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            async for raw_stream_bytes in self.stream:
+                self._num_bytes_downloaded += len(raw_stream_bytes)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(raw_stream_bytes):
+                    yield chunk
+
+        for chunk in chunker.flush():
+            yield chunk
+
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the response and release the connection.
+        Automatically called if the response body is read to completion.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, AsyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call an async close on an sync stream.")
+
+        if not self.is_closed:
+            self.is_closed = True
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                await self.stream.aclose()
+
+
+class Cookies(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    HTTP Cookies, as a mutable mapping.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cookies: CookieTypes = None) -> None:
+        if cookies is None or isinstance(cookies, dict):
+            self.jar = CookieJar()
+            if isinstance(cookies, dict):
+                for key, value in cookies.items():
+                    self.set(key, value)
+        elif isinstance(cookies, list):
+            self.jar = CookieJar()
+            for key, value in cookies:
+                self.set(key, value)
+        elif isinstance(cookies, Cookies):
+            self.jar = CookieJar()
+            for cookie in cookies.jar:
+                self.jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+        else:
+            self.jar = cookies
+
+    def extract_cookies(self, response: Response) -> None:
+        """
+        Loads any cookies based on the response `Set-Cookie` headers.
+        """
+        urllib_response = self._CookieCompatResponse(response)
+        urllib_request = self._CookieCompatRequest(response.request)
+
+        self.jar.extract_cookies(urllib_response, urllib_request)  # type: ignore
+
+    def set_cookie_header(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        Sets an appropriate 'Cookie:' HTTP header on the `Request`.
+        """
+        urllib_request = self._CookieCompatRequest(request)
+        self.jar.add_cookie_header(urllib_request)
+
+    def set(self, name: str, value: str, domain: str = "", path: str = "/") -> None:
+        """
+        Set a cookie value by name. May optionally include domain and path.
+        """
+        kwargs = {
+            "version": 0,
+            "name": name,
+            "value": value,
+            "port": None,
+            "port_specified": False,
+            "domain": domain,
+            "domain_specified": bool(domain),
+            "domain_initial_dot": domain.startswith("."),
+            "path": path,
+            "path_specified": bool(path),
+            "secure": False,
+            "expires": None,
+            "discard": True,
+            "comment": None,
+            "comment_url": None,
+            "rest": {"HttpOnly": None},
+            "rfc2109": False,
+        }
+        cookie = Cookie(**kwargs)  # type: ignore
+        self.jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+
+    def get(  # type: ignore
+        self, name: str, default: str = None, domain: str = None, path: str = None
+    ) -> typing.Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Get a cookie by name. May optionally include domain and path
+        in order to specify exactly which cookie to retrieve.
+        """
+        value = None
+        for cookie in self.jar:
+            if cookie.name == name:
+                if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
+                    if path is None or cookie.path == path:
+                        if value is not None:
+                            message = f"Multiple cookies exist with name={name}"
+                            raise CookieConflict(message)
+                        value = cookie.value
+
+        if value is None:
+            return default
+        return value
+
+    def delete(self, name: str, domain: str = None, path: str = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Delete a cookie by name. May optionally include domain and path
+        in order to specify exactly which cookie to delete.
+        """
+        if domain is not None and path is not None:
+            return self.jar.clear(domain, path, name)
+
+        remove = []
+        for cookie in self.jar:
+            if cookie.name == name:
+                if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
+                    if path is None or cookie.path == path:
+                        remove.append(cookie)
+
+        for cookie in remove:
+            self.jar.clear(cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)
+
+    def clear(self, domain: str = None, path: str = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Delete all cookies. Optionally include a domain and path in
+        order to only delete a subset of all the cookies.
+        """
+        args = []
+        if domain is not None:
+            args.append(domain)
+        if path is not None:
+            assert domain is not None
+            args.append(path)
+        self.jar.clear(*args)
+
+    def update(self, cookies: CookieTypes = None) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        cookies = Cookies(cookies)
+        for cookie in cookies.jar:
+            self.jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
+        return self.set(name, value)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> str:
+        value = self.get(name)
+        if value is None:
+            raise KeyError(name)
+        return value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        return self.delete(name)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.jar)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+        return (cookie.name for cookie in self.jar)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        for _ in self.jar:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        cookies_repr = ", ".join(
+            [
+                f"<Cookie {cookie.name}={cookie.value} for {cookie.domain} />"
+                for cookie in self.jar
+            ]
+        )
+
+        return f"<Cookies[{cookies_repr}]>"
+
+    class _CookieCompatRequest(urllib.request.Request):
+        """
+        Wraps a `Request` instance up in a compatibility interface suitable
+        for use with `CookieJar` operations.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, request: Request) -> None:
+            super().__init__(
+                url=str(request.url),
+                headers=dict(request.headers),
+                method=request.method,
+            )
+            self.request = request
+
+        def add_unredirected_header(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+            super().add_unredirected_header(key, value)
+            self.request.headers[key] = value
+
+    class _CookieCompatResponse:
+        """
+        Wraps a `Request` instance up in a compatibility interface suitable
+        for use with `CookieJar` operations.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, response: Response):
+            self.response = response
+
+        def info(self) -> email.message.Message:
+            info = email.message.Message()
+            for key, value in self.response.headers.multi_items():
+                # Note that setting `info[key]` here is an "append" operation,
+                # not a "replace" operation.
+                # https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.compat32-message.html#email.message.Message.__setitem__
+                info[key] = value
+            return info
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_multipart.py b/packages/httpx/_multipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36bae664e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_multipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+import binascii
+import os
+import typing
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from ._transports.base import AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream
+from ._types import FileContent, FileTypes, RequestFiles
+from ._utils import (
+    format_form_param,
+    guess_content_type,
+    peek_filelike_length,
+    primitive_value_to_str,
+    to_bytes,
+)
+
+
+class DataField:
+    """
+    A single form field item, within a multipart form field.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, name: str, value: typing.Union[str, bytes, int, float, None]
+    ) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Invalid type for name. Expected str, got {type(name)}: {name!r}"
+            )
+        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, (str, bytes, int, float)):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Invalid type for value. Expected primitive type, got {type(value)}: {value!r}"
+            )
+        self.name = name
+        self.value: typing.Union[str, bytes] = (
+            value if isinstance(value, bytes) else primitive_value_to_str(value)
+        )
+
+    def render_headers(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            name = format_form_param("name", self.name)
+            self._headers = b"".join(
+                [b"Content-Disposition: form-data; ", name, b"\r\n\r\n"]
+            )
+
+        return self._headers
+
+    def render_data(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_data"):
+            self._data = to_bytes(self.value)
+
+        return self._data
+
+    def get_length(self) -> int:
+        headers = self.render_headers()
+        data = self.render_data()
+        return len(headers) + len(data)
+
+    def render(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self.render_headers()
+        yield self.render_data()
+
+
+class FileField:
+    """
+    A single file field item, within a multipart form field.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: FileTypes) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+        fileobj: FileContent
+
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            try:
+                filename, fileobj, content_type = value  # type: ignore
+            except ValueError:
+                filename, fileobj = value  # type: ignore
+                content_type = guess_content_type(filename)
+        else:
+            filename = Path(str(getattr(value, "name", "upload"))).name
+            fileobj = value
+            content_type = guess_content_type(filename)
+
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.file = fileobj
+        self.content_type = content_type
+        self._consumed = False
+
+    def get_length(self) -> int:
+        headers = self.render_headers()
+
+        if isinstance(self.file, (str, bytes)):
+            return len(headers) + len(to_bytes(self.file))
+
+        # Let's do our best not to read `file` into memory.
+        file_length = peek_filelike_length(self.file)
+        if file_length is None:
+            # As a last resort, read file and cache contents for later.
+            assert not hasattr(self, "_data")
+            self._data = to_bytes(self.file.read())
+            file_length = len(self._data)
+
+        return len(headers) + file_length
+
+    def render_headers(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            parts = [
+                b"Content-Disposition: form-data; ",
+                format_form_param("name", self.name),
+            ]
+            if self.filename:
+                filename = format_form_param("filename", self.filename)
+                parts.extend([b"; ", filename])
+            if self.content_type is not None:
+                content_type = self.content_type.encode()
+                parts.extend([b"\r\nContent-Type: ", content_type])
+            parts.append(b"\r\n\r\n")
+            self._headers = b"".join(parts)
+
+        return self._headers
+
+    def render_data(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        if isinstance(self.file, (str, bytes)):
+            yield to_bytes(self.file)
+            return
+
+        if hasattr(self, "_data"):
+            # Already rendered.
+            yield self._data
+            return
+
+        if self._consumed:  # pragma: nocover
+            self.file.seek(0)
+        self._consumed = True
+
+        for chunk in self.file:
+            yield to_bytes(chunk)
+
+    def render(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self.render_headers()
+        yield from self.render_data()
+
+
+class MultipartStream(SyncByteStream, AsyncByteStream):
+    """
+    Request content as streaming multipart encoded form data.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, data: dict, files: RequestFiles, boundary: bytes = None) -> None:
+        if boundary is None:
+            boundary = binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(16))
+
+        self.boundary = boundary
+        self.content_type = "multipart/form-data; boundary=%s" % boundary.decode(
+            "ascii"
+        )
+        self.fields = list(self._iter_fields(data, files))
+
+    def _iter_fields(
+        self, data: dict, files: RequestFiles
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[typing.Union[FileField, DataField]]:
+        for name, value in data.items():
+            if isinstance(value, list):
+                for item in value:
+                    yield DataField(name=name, value=item)
+            else:
+                yield DataField(name=name, value=value)
+
+        file_items = files.items() if isinstance(files, typing.Mapping) else files
+        for name, value in file_items:
+            yield FileField(name=name, value=value)
+
+    def iter_chunks(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for field in self.fields:
+            yield b"--%s\r\n" % self.boundary
+            yield from field.render()
+            yield b"\r\n"
+        yield b"--%s--\r\n" % self.boundary
+
+    def iter_chunks_lengths(self) -> typing.Iterator[int]:
+        boundary_length = len(self.boundary)
+        # Follow closely what `.iter_chunks()` does.
+        for field in self.fields:
+            yield 2 + boundary_length + 2
+            yield field.get_length()
+            yield 2
+        yield 2 + boundary_length + 4
+
+    def get_content_length(self) -> int:
+        return sum(self.iter_chunks_lengths())
+
+    # Content stream interface.
+
+    def get_headers(self) -> typing.Dict[str, str]:
+        content_length = str(self.get_content_length())
+        content_type = self.content_type
+        return {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self.iter_chunks():
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self.iter_chunks():
+            yield chunk
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_status_codes.py b/packages/httpx/_status_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..100aec641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_status_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+from enum import IntEnum
+
+
+class codes(IntEnum):
+    """HTTP status codes and reason phrases
+
+    Status codes from the following RFCs are all observed:
+
+        * RFC 7231: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1), obsoletes 2616
+        * RFC 6585: Additional HTTP Status Codes
+        * RFC 3229: Delta encoding in HTTP
+        * RFC 4918: HTTP Extensions for WebDAV, obsoletes 2518
+        * RFC 5842: Binding Extensions to WebDAV
+        * RFC 7238: Permanent Redirect
+        * RFC 2295: Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP
+        * RFC 2774: An HTTP Extension Framework
+        * RFC 7540: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2)
+        * RFC 2324: Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol (HTCPCP/1.0)
+        * RFC 7725: An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles
+        * RFC 8297: An HTTP Status Code for Indicating Hints
+        * RFC 8470: Using Early Data in HTTP
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, value: int, phrase: str = "") -> "codes":
+        obj = int.__new__(cls, value)  # type: ignore
+        obj._value_ = value
+
+        obj.phrase = phrase  # type: ignore
+        return obj
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_reason_phrase(cls, value: int) -> str:
+        try:
+            return codes(value).phrase  # type: ignore
+        except ValueError:
+            return ""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_redirect(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        return value in (
+            # 301 (Cacheable redirect. Method may change to GET.)
+            codes.MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
+            # 302 (Uncacheable redirect. Method may change to GET.)
+            codes.FOUND,
+            # 303 (Client should make a GET or HEAD request.)
+            codes.SEE_OTHER,
+            # 307 (Equiv. 302, but retain method)
+            codes.TEMPORARY_REDIRECT,
+            # 308 (Equiv. 301, but retain method)
+            codes.PERMANENT_REDIRECT,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        return 400 <= value <= 599
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_client_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        return 400 <= value <= 499
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_server_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        return 500 <= value <= 599
+
+    # informational
+    CONTINUE = 100, "Continue"
+    SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101, "Switching Protocols"
+    PROCESSING = 102, "Processing"
+    EARLY_HINTS = 103, "Early Hints"
+
+    # success
+    OK = 200, "OK"
+    CREATED = 201, "Created"
+    ACCEPTED = 202, "Accepted"
+    NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203, "Non-Authoritative Information"
+    NO_CONTENT = 204, "No Content"
+    RESET_CONTENT = 205, "Reset Content"
+    PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206, "Partial Content"
+    MULTI_STATUS = 207, "Multi-Status"
+    ALREADY_REPORTED = 208, "Already Reported"
+    IM_USED = 226, "IM Used"
+
+    # redirection
+    MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300, "Multiple Choices"
+    MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301, "Moved Permanently"
+    FOUND = 302, "Found"
+    SEE_OTHER = 303, "See Other"
+    NOT_MODIFIED = 304, "Not Modified"
+    USE_PROXY = 305, "Use Proxy"
+    TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307, "Temporary Redirect"
+    PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308, "Permanent Redirect"
+
+    # client error
+    BAD_REQUEST = 400, "Bad Request"
+    UNAUTHORIZED = 401, "Unauthorized"
+    PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402, "Payment Required"
+    FORBIDDEN = 403, "Forbidden"
+    NOT_FOUND = 404, "Not Found"
+    METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405, "Method Not Allowed"
+    NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406, "Not Acceptable"
+    PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407, "Proxy Authentication Required"
+    REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408, "Request Timeout"
+    CONFLICT = 409, "Conflict"
+    GONE = 410, "Gone"
+    LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411, "Length Required"
+    PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412, "Precondition Failed"
+    REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413, "Request Entity Too Large"
+    REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414, "Request-URI Too Long"
+    UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415, "Unsupported Media Type"
+    REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416, "Requested Range Not Satisfiable"
+    EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417, "Expectation Failed"
+    IM_A_TEAPOT = 418, "I'm a teapot"
+    MISDIRECTED_REQUEST = 421, "Misdirected Request"
+    UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422, "Unprocessable Entity"
+    LOCKED = 423, "Locked"
+    FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424, "Failed Dependency"
+    TOO_EARLY = 425, "Too Early"
+    UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426, "Upgrade Required"
+    PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428, "Precondition Required"
+    TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429, "Too Many Requests"
+    REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431, "Request Header Fields Too Large"
+    UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS = 451, "Unavailable For Legal Reasons"
+
+    # server errors
+    INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500, "Internal Server Error"
+    NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501, "Not Implemented"
+    BAD_GATEWAY = 502, "Bad Gateway"
+    SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503, "Service Unavailable"
+    GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504, "Gateway Timeout"
+    HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505, "HTTP Version Not Supported"
+    VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES = 506, "Variant Also Negotiates"
+    INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507, "Insufficient Storage"
+    LOOP_DETECTED = 508, "Loop Detected"
+    NOT_EXTENDED = 510, "Not Extended"
+    NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511, "Network Authentication Required"
+
+
+# Include lower-case styles for `requests` compatibility.
+for code in codes:
+    setattr(codes, code._name_.lower(), int(code))
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py b/packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py b/packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24c5452dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+import typing
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+import sniffio
+
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, AsyncByteStream
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    import asyncio
+
+    import trio
+
+    Event = typing.Union[asyncio.Event, trio.Event]
+
+
+def create_event() -> "Event":
+    if sniffio.current_async_library() == "trio":
+        import trio
+
+        return trio.Event()
+    else:
+        import asyncio
+
+        return asyncio.Event()
+
+
+class ASGIResponseStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, body: typing.List[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._body = body
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield b"".join(self._body)
+
+
+class ASGITransport(AsyncBaseTransport):
+    """
+    A custom AsyncTransport that handles sending requests directly to an ASGI app.
+    The simplest way to use this functionality is to use the `app` argument.
+
+    ```
+    client = httpx.AsyncClient(app=app)
+    ```
+
+    Alternatively, you can setup the transport instance explicitly.
+    This allows you to include any additional configuration arguments specific
+    to the ASGITransport class:
+
+    ```
+    transport = httpx.ASGITransport(
+        app=app,
+        root_path="/submount",
+        client=("1.2.3.4", 123)
+    )
+    client = httpx.AsyncClient(transport=transport)
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    * `app` - The ASGI application.
+    * `raise_app_exceptions` - Boolean indicating if exceptions in the application
+       should be raised. Default to `True`. Can be set to `False` for use cases
+       such as testing the content of a client 500 response.
+    * `root_path` - The root path on which the ASGI application should be mounted.
+    * `client` - A two-tuple indicating the client IP and port of incoming requests.
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: typing.Callable,
+        raise_app_exceptions: bool = True,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        client: typing.Tuple[str, int] = ("127.0.0.1", 123),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_app_exceptions = raise_app_exceptions
+        self.root_path = root_path
+        self.client = client
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, typing.Optional[int], bytes],
+        headers: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> typing.Tuple[
+        int, typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]], AsyncByteStream, dict
+    ]:
+        # ASGI scope.
+        scheme, host, port, full_path = url
+        path, _, query = full_path.partition(b"?")
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "asgi": {"version": "3.0"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "method": method.decode(),
+            "headers": [(k.lower(), v) for (k, v) in headers],
+            "scheme": scheme.decode("ascii"),
+            "path": unquote(path.decode("ascii")),
+            "raw_path": path,
+            "query_string": query,
+            "server": (host.decode("ascii"), port),
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+        }
+
+        # Request.
+        request_body_chunks = stream.__aiter__()
+        request_complete = False
+
+        # Response.
+        status_code = None
+        response_headers = None
+        body_parts = []
+        response_started = False
+        response_complete = create_event()
+
+        # ASGI callables.
+
+        async def receive() -> dict:
+            nonlocal request_complete
+
+            if request_complete:
+                await response_complete.wait()
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+            try:
+                body = await request_body_chunks.__anext__()
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                request_complete = True
+                return {"type": "http.request", "body": b"", "more_body": False}
+            return {"type": "http.request", "body": body, "more_body": True}
+
+        async def send(message: dict) -> None:
+            nonlocal status_code, response_headers, response_started
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                assert not response_started
+
+                status_code = message["status"]
+                response_headers = message.get("headers", [])
+                response_started = True
+
+            elif message["type"] == "http.response.body":
+                assert not response_complete.is_set()
+                body = message.get("body", b"")
+                more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+                if body and method != b"HEAD":
+                    body_parts.append(body)
+
+                if not more_body:
+                    response_complete.set()
+
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+        except Exception:
+            if self.raise_app_exceptions or not response_complete.is_set():
+                raise
+
+        assert response_complete.is_set()
+        assert status_code is not None
+        assert response_headers is not None
+
+        stream = ASGIResponseStream(body_parts)
+        extensions = {}
+
+        return (status_code, response_headers, stream, extensions)
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_transports/base.py b/packages/httpx/_transports/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb5192697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_transports/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import typing
+from types import TracebackType
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="BaseTransport")
+A = typing.TypeVar("A", bound="AsyncBaseTransport")
+
+
+class SyncByteStream:
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The '__iter__' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: nocover
+        yield b""  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Subclasses can override this method to release any network resources
+        after a request/response cycle is complete.
+
+        Streaming cases should use a `try...finally` block to ensure that
+        the stream `close()` method is always called.
+
+        Example:
+
+            status_code, headers, stream, extensions = transport.handle_request(...)
+            try:
+                ...
+            finally:
+                stream.close()
+        """
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Simple cases can use `.read()` as a convience method for consuming
+        the entire stream and then closing it.
+
+        Example:
+
+            status_code, headers, stream, extensions = transport.handle_request(...)
+            body = stream.read()
+        """
+        try:
+            return b"".join([part for part in self])
+        finally:
+            self.close()
+
+
+class AsyncByteStream:
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The '__aiter__' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: nocover
+        yield b""  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def aread(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return b"".join([part async for part in self])
+        finally:
+            await self.aclose()
+
+
+class BaseTransport:
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: typing.Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, typing.Optional[int], bytes],
+        headers: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> typing.Tuple[
+        int, typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]], SyncByteStream, dict
+    ]:
+        """
+        Send a single HTTP request and return a response.
+
+        At this layer of API we're simply using plain primitives. No `Request` or
+        `Response` models, no fancy `URL` or `Header` handling. This strict point
+        of cut-off provides a clear design seperation between the HTTPX API,
+        and the low-level network handling.
+
+        Developers shouldn't typically ever need to call into this API directly,
+        since the Client class provides all the higher level user-facing API
+        niceties.
+
+        In order to properly release any network resources, the response stream
+        should *either* be consumed immediately, with a call to `stream.read()`,
+        or else the `handle_request` call should be followed with a try/finally
+        block to ensuring the stream is always closed.
+
+        Example usage:
+
+            with httpx.HTTPTransport() as transport:
+                status_code, headers, stream, extensions = transport.handle_request(
+                    method=b'GET',
+                    url=(b'https', b'www.example.com', 443, b'/'),
+                    headers=[(b'Host', b'www.example.com')],
+                    stream=[],
+                    extensions={}
+                )
+                body = stream.read()
+                print(status_code, headers, body)
+
+        Arguments:
+
+        method: The request method as bytes. Eg. b'GET'.
+        url: The components of the request URL, as a tuple of `(scheme, host, port, target)`.
+             The target will usually be the URL path, but also allows for alternative
+             formulations, such as proxy requests which include the complete URL in
+             the target portion of the HTTP request, or for "OPTIONS *" requests, which
+             cannot be expressed in a URL string.
+        headers: The request headers as a list of byte pairs.
+        stream: The request body as a bytes iterator.
+        extensions: An open ended dictionary, including optional extensions to the
+                    core request/response API. Keys may include:
+            timeout: A dictionary of str:Optional[float] timeout values.
+                     May include values for 'connect', 'read', 'write', or 'pool'.
+
+        Returns a tuple of:
+
+        status_code: The response status code as an integer. Should be in the range 1xx-5xx.
+        headers: The response headers as a list of byte pairs.
+        stream: The response body as a bytes iterator.
+        extensions: An open ended dictionary, including optional extensions to the
+                    core request/response API. Keys are plain strings, and may include:
+            reason_phrase: The reason-phrase of the HTTP response, as bytes. Eg b'OK'.
+                    HTTP/2 onwards does not include a reason phrase on the wire.
+                    When no key is included, a default based on the status code may
+                    be used. An empty-string reason phrase should not be substituted
+                    for a default, as it indicates the server left the portion blank
+                    eg. the leading response bytes were b"HTTP/1.1 200 <CRLF>".
+            http_version: The HTTP version, as bytes. Eg. b"HTTP/1.1".
+                    When no http_version key is included, HTTP/1.1 may be assumed.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The 'handle_request' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class AsyncBaseTransport:
+    async def __aenter__(self: A) -> A:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: typing.Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, typing.Optional[int], bytes],
+        headers: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> typing.Tuple[
+        int, typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]], AsyncByteStream, dict
+    ]:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The 'handle_async_request' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_transports/default.py b/packages/httpx/_transports/default.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae6c2d177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_transports/default.py
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+"""
+Custom transports, with nicely configured defaults.
+
+The following additional keyword arguments are currently supported by httpcore...
+
+* uds: str
+* local_address: str
+* retries: int
+* backend: str ("auto", "asyncio", "trio", "curio", "anyio", "sync")
+
+Example usages...
+
+# Disable HTTP/2 on a single specfic domain.
+mounts = {
+    "all://": httpx.HTTPTransport(http2=True),
+    "all://*example.org": httpx.HTTPTransport()
+}
+
+# Using advanced httpcore configuration, with connection retries.
+transport = httpx.HTTPTransport(retries=1)
+client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+
+# Using advanced httpcore configuration, with unix domain sockets.
+transport = httpx.HTTPTransport(uds="socket.uds")
+client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+"""
+import contextlib
+import typing
+from types import TracebackType
+
+import httpcore
+
+from .._config import DEFAULT_LIMITS, Limits, Proxy, create_ssl_context
+from .._exceptions import (
+    CloseError,
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    NetworkError,
+    PoolTimeout,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TimeoutException,
+    UnsupportedProtocol,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+)
+from .._types import CertTypes, VerifyTypes
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, AsyncByteStream, BaseTransport, SyncByteStream
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="HTTPTransport")
+A = typing.TypeVar("A", bound="AsyncHTTPTransport")
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def map_httpcore_exceptions() -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    try:
+        yield
+    except Exception as exc:
+        mapped_exc = None
+
+        for from_exc, to_exc in HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP.items():
+            if not isinstance(exc, from_exc):
+                continue
+            # We want to map to the most specific exception we can find.
+            # Eg if `exc` is an `httpcore.ReadTimeout`, we want to map to
+            # `httpx.ReadTimeout`, not just `httpx.TimeoutException`.
+            if mapped_exc is None or issubclass(to_exc, mapped_exc):
+                mapped_exc = to_exc
+
+        if mapped_exc is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            raise
+
+        message = str(exc)
+        raise mapped_exc(message) from exc
+
+
+HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP = {
+    httpcore.TimeoutException: TimeoutException,
+    httpcore.ConnectTimeout: ConnectTimeout,
+    httpcore.ReadTimeout: ReadTimeout,
+    httpcore.WriteTimeout: WriteTimeout,
+    httpcore.PoolTimeout: PoolTimeout,
+    httpcore.NetworkError: NetworkError,
+    httpcore.ConnectError: ConnectError,
+    httpcore.ReadError: ReadError,
+    httpcore.WriteError: WriteError,
+    httpcore.CloseError: CloseError,
+    httpcore.ProxyError: ProxyError,
+    httpcore.UnsupportedProtocol: UnsupportedProtocol,
+    httpcore.ProtocolError: ProtocolError,
+    httpcore.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError,
+    httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError,
+}
+
+
+class ResponseStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, httpcore_stream: httpcore.SyncByteStream):
+        self._httpcore_stream = httpcore_stream
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            for part in self._httpcore_stream:
+                yield part
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            self._httpcore_stream.close()
+
+
+class HTTPTransport(BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+        cert: CertTypes = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        proxy: Proxy = None,
+        uds: str = None,
+        local_address: str = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        backend: str = "sync",
+    ) -> None:
+        ssl_context = create_ssl_context(verify=verify, cert=cert, trust_env=trust_env)
+
+        if proxy is None:
+            self._pool = httpcore.SyncConnectionPool(
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                uds=uds,
+                local_address=local_address,
+                retries=retries,
+                backend=backend,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._pool = httpcore.SyncHTTPProxy(
+                proxy_url=proxy.url.raw,
+                proxy_headers=proxy.headers.raw,
+                proxy_mode=proxy.mode,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http2=http2,
+                backend=backend,
+            )
+
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:  # Use generics for subclass support.
+        self._pool.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: typing.Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            self._pool.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, typing.Optional[int], bytes],
+        headers: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> typing.Tuple[
+        int, typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]], SyncByteStream, dict
+    ]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            status_code, headers, byte_stream, extensions = self._pool.handle_request(
+                method=method,
+                url=url,
+                headers=headers,
+                stream=httpcore.IteratorByteStream(iter(stream)),
+                extensions=extensions,
+            )
+
+        stream = ResponseStream(byte_stream)
+
+        return status_code, headers, stream, extensions
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._pool.close()
+
+
+class AsyncResponseStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, httpcore_stream: httpcore.AsyncByteStream):
+        self._httpcore_stream = httpcore_stream
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            async for part in self._httpcore_stream:
+                yield part
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            await self._httpcore_stream.aclose()
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPTransport(AsyncBaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verify: VerifyTypes = True,
+        cert: CertTypes = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        proxy: Proxy = None,
+        uds: str = None,
+        local_address: str = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        backend: str = "auto",
+    ) -> None:
+        ssl_context = create_ssl_context(verify=verify, cert=cert, trust_env=trust_env)
+
+        if proxy is None:
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncConnectionPool(
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                uds=uds,
+                local_address=local_address,
+                retries=retries,
+                backend=backend,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncHTTPProxy(
+                proxy_url=proxy.url.raw,
+                proxy_headers=proxy.headers.raw,
+                proxy_mode=proxy.mode,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http2=http2,
+                backend=backend,
+            )
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: A) -> A:  # Use generics for subclass support.
+        await self._pool.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: typing.Type[BaseException] = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            await self._pool.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, typing.Optional[int], bytes],
+        headers: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> typing.Tuple[
+        int, typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]], AsyncByteStream, dict
+    ]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            (
+                status_code,
+                headers,
+                byte_stream,
+                extensions,
+            ) = await self._pool.handle_async_request(
+                method=method,
+                url=url,
+                headers=headers,
+                stream=httpcore.AsyncIteratorByteStream(stream.__aiter__()),
+                extensions=extensions,
+            )
+
+        stream = AsyncResponseStream(byte_stream)
+
+        return status_code, headers, stream, extensions
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._pool.aclose()
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py b/packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d59b7382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import asyncio
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, AsyncByteStream, BaseTransport, SyncByteStream
+
+
+class MockTransport(AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(self, handler: typing.Callable) -> None:
+        self.handler = handler
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, typing.Optional[int], bytes],
+        headers: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> typing.Tuple[
+        int, typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]], SyncByteStream, dict
+    ]:
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            stream=stream,
+        )
+        request.read()
+        response = self.handler(request)
+        return (
+            response.status_code,
+            response.headers.raw,
+            response.stream,
+            response.extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, typing.Optional[int], bytes],
+        headers: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        stream: AsyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> typing.Tuple[
+        int, typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]], AsyncByteStream, dict
+    ]:
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            stream=stream,
+        )
+        await request.aread()
+
+        response = self.handler(request)
+
+        # Allow handler to *optionally* be an `async` function.
+        # If it is, then the `response` variable need to be awaited to actually
+        # return the result.
+
+        # https://simonwillison.net/2020/Sep/2/await-me-maybe/
+        if asyncio.iscoroutine(response):
+            response = await response
+
+        return (
+            response.status_code,
+            response.headers.raw,
+            response.stream,
+            response.extensions,
+        )
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py b/packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8266c739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import io
+import itertools
+import typing
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from .base import BaseTransport, SyncByteStream
+
+
+def _skip_leading_empty_chunks(body: typing.Iterable) -> typing.Iterable:
+    body = iter(body)
+    for chunk in body:
+        if chunk:
+            return itertools.chain([chunk], body)
+    return []
+
+
+class WSGIByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, result: typing.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._result = _skip_leading_empty_chunks(result)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for part in self._result:
+            yield part
+
+
+class WSGITransport(BaseTransport):
+    """
+    A custom transport that handles sending requests directly to an WSGI app.
+    The simplest way to use this functionality is to use the `app` argument.
+
+    ```
+    client = httpx.Client(app=app)
+    ```
+
+    Alternatively, you can setup the transport instance explicitly.
+    This allows you to include any additional configuration arguments specific
+    to the WSGITransport class:
+
+    ```
+    transport = httpx.WSGITransport(
+        app=app,
+        script_name="/submount",
+        remote_addr="1.2.3.4"
+    )
+    client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    * `app` - The ASGI application.
+    * `raise_app_exceptions` - Boolean indicating if exceptions in the application
+       should be raised. Default to `True`. Can be set to `False` for use cases
+       such as testing the content of a client 500 response.
+    * `script_name` - The root path on which the ASGI application should be mounted.
+    * `remote_addr` - A string indicating the client IP of incoming requests.
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: typing.Callable,
+        raise_app_exceptions: bool = True,
+        script_name: str = "",
+        remote_addr: str = "127.0.0.1",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_app_exceptions = raise_app_exceptions
+        self.script_name = script_name
+        self.remote_addr = remote_addr
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes,
+        url: typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, typing.Optional[int], bytes],
+        headers: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        stream: SyncByteStream,
+        extensions: dict,
+    ) -> typing.Tuple[
+        int, typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes]], SyncByteStream, dict
+    ]:
+        wsgi_input = io.BytesIO(b"".join(stream))
+
+        scheme, host, port, full_path = url
+        path, _, query = full_path.partition(b"?")
+        if port is None:
+            port = {b"http": 80, b"https": 443}[scheme]
+
+        environ = {
+            "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+            "wsgi.url_scheme": scheme.decode("ascii"),
+            "wsgi.input": wsgi_input,
+            "wsgi.errors": io.BytesIO(),
+            "wsgi.multithread": True,
+            "wsgi.multiprocess": False,
+            "wsgi.run_once": False,
+            "REQUEST_METHOD": method.decode(),
+            "SCRIPT_NAME": self.script_name,
+            "PATH_INFO": unquote(path.decode("ascii")),
+            "QUERY_STRING": query.decode("ascii"),
+            "SERVER_NAME": host.decode("ascii"),
+            "SERVER_PORT": str(port),
+            "REMOTE_ADDR": self.remote_addr,
+        }
+        for header_key, header_value in headers:
+            key = header_key.decode("ascii").upper().replace("-", "_")
+            if key not in ("CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH"):
+                key = "HTTP_" + key
+            environ[key] = header_value.decode("ascii")
+
+        seen_status = None
+        seen_response_headers = None
+        seen_exc_info = None
+
+        def start_response(
+            status: str, response_headers: list, exc_info: typing.Any = None
+        ) -> None:
+            nonlocal seen_status, seen_response_headers, seen_exc_info
+            seen_status = status
+            seen_response_headers = response_headers
+            seen_exc_info = exc_info
+
+        result = self.app(environ, start_response)
+
+        stream = WSGIByteStream(result)
+
+        assert seen_status is not None
+        assert seen_response_headers is not None
+        if seen_exc_info and self.raise_app_exceptions:
+            raise seen_exc_info[1]
+
+        status_code = int(seen_status.split()[0])
+        headers = [
+            (key.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii"))
+            for key, value in seen_response_headers
+        ]
+        extensions = {}
+
+        return (status_code, headers, stream, extensions)
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_types.py b/packages/httpx/_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75bb9006c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""
+Type definitions for type checking purposes.
+"""
+
+import ssl
+from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._auth import Auth  # noqa: F401
+    from ._config import Proxy, Timeout  # noqa: F401
+    from ._models import URL, Cookies, Headers, QueryParams, Request  # noqa: F401
+
+
+PrimitiveData = Optional[Union[str, int, float, bool]]
+
+RawURL = Tuple[bytes, bytes, Optional[int], bytes]
+
+URLTypes = Union["URL", str]
+
+QueryParamTypes = Union[
+    "QueryParams",
+    Mapping[str, Union[PrimitiveData, Sequence[PrimitiveData]]],
+    List[Tuple[str, PrimitiveData]],
+    Tuple[Tuple[str, PrimitiveData], ...],
+    str,
+    bytes,
+    None,
+]
+
+HeaderTypes = Union[
+    "Headers",
+    Dict[str, str],
+    Dict[bytes, bytes],
+    Sequence[Tuple[str, str]],
+    Sequence[Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+]
+
+CookieTypes = Union["Cookies", CookieJar, Dict[str, str], List[Tuple[str, str]]]
+
+CertTypes = Union[
+    # certfile
+    str,
+    # (certfile, keyfile)
+    Tuple[str, Optional[str]],
+    # (certfile, keyfile, password)
+    Tuple[str, Optional[str], Optional[str]],
+]
+VerifyTypes = Union[str, bool, ssl.SSLContext]
+TimeoutTypes = Union[
+    Optional[float],
+    Tuple[Optional[float], Optional[float], Optional[float], Optional[float]],
+    "Timeout",
+]
+ProxiesTypes = Union[URLTypes, "Proxy", Dict[URLTypes, Union[None, URLTypes, "Proxy"]]]
+
+AuthTypes = Union[
+    Tuple[Union[str, bytes], Union[str, bytes]],
+    Callable[["Request"], "Request"],
+    "Auth",
+    None,
+]
+
+RequestContent = Union[str, bytes, Iterable[bytes], AsyncIterable[bytes]]
+ResponseContent = Union[str, bytes, Iterable[bytes], AsyncIterable[bytes]]
+
+RequestData = dict
+
+FileContent = Union[IO[str], IO[bytes], str, bytes]
+FileTypes = Union[
+    # file (or text)
+    FileContent,
+    # (filename, file (or text))
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent],
+    # (filename, file (or text), content_type)
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent, Optional[str]],
+]
+RequestFiles = Union[Mapping[str, FileTypes], Sequence[Tuple[str, FileTypes]]]
diff --git a/packages/httpx/_utils.py b/packages/httpx/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30ab2ed5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpx/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+import codecs
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import netrc
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+import typing
+from pathlib import Path
+from urllib.request import getproxies
+
+import sniffio
+
+from ._types import PrimitiveData
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._models import URL
+
+
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS = {'"': "%22", "\\": "\\\\"}
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS.update(
+    {chr(c): "%{:02X}".format(c) for c in range(0x00, 0x1F + 1) if c != 0x1B}
+)
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_RE = re.compile(
+    r"|".join([re.escape(c) for c in _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS.keys()])
+)
+
+
+def normalize_header_key(
+    value: typing.Union[str, bytes],
+    lower: bool,
+    encoding: str = None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Coerce str/bytes into a strictly byte-wise HTTP header key.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        bytes_value = value
+    else:
+        bytes_value = value.encode(encoding or "ascii")
+
+    return bytes_value.lower() if lower else bytes_value
+
+
+def normalize_header_value(
+    value: typing.Union[str, bytes], encoding: str = None
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Coerce str/bytes into a strictly byte-wise HTTP header value.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        return value
+    return value.encode(encoding or "ascii")
+
+
+def primitive_value_to_str(value: "PrimitiveData") -> str:
+    """
+    Coerce a primitive data type into a string value.
+
+    Note that we prefer JSON-style 'true'/'false' for boolean values here.
+    """
+    if value is True:
+        return "true"
+    elif value is False:
+        return "false"
+    elif value is None:
+        return ""
+    return str(value)
+
+
+def is_known_encoding(encoding: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return `True` if `encoding` is a known codec.
+    """
+    try:
+        codecs.lookup(encoding)
+    except LookupError:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def format_form_param(name: str, value: typing.Union[str, bytes]) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Encode a name/value pair within a multipart form.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        value = value.decode()
+
+    def replacer(match: typing.Match[str]) -> str:
+        return _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS[match.group(0)]
+
+    value = _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_RE.sub(replacer, value)
+    return f'{name}="{value}"'.encode()
+
+
+# Null bytes; no need to recreate these on each call to guess_json_utf
+_null = b"\x00"
+_null2 = _null * 2
+_null3 = _null * 3
+
+
+def guess_json_utf(data: bytes) -> typing.Optional[str]:
+    # JSON always starts with two ASCII characters, so detection is as
+    # easy as counting the nulls and from their location and count
+    # determine the encoding. Also detect a BOM, if present.
+    sample = data[:4]
+    if sample in (codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE):
+        return "utf-32"  # BOM included
+    if sample[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
+        return "utf-8-sig"  # BOM included, MS style (discouraged)
+    if sample[:2] in (codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE):
+        return "utf-16"  # BOM included
+    nullcount = sample.count(_null)
+    if nullcount == 0:
+        return "utf-8"
+    if nullcount == 2:
+        if sample[::2] == _null2:  # 1st and 3rd are null
+            return "utf-16-be"
+        if sample[1::2] == _null2:  # 2nd and 4th are null
+            return "utf-16-le"
+        # Did not detect 2 valid UTF-16 ascii-range characters
+    if nullcount == 3:
+        if sample[:3] == _null3:
+            return "utf-32-be"
+        if sample[1:] == _null3:
+            return "utf-32-le"
+        # Did not detect a valid UTF-32 ascii-range character
+    return None
+
+
+class NetRCInfo:
+    def __init__(self, files: typing.Optional[typing.List[str]] = None) -> None:
+        if files is None:
+            files = [os.getenv("NETRC", ""), "~/.netrc", "~/_netrc"]
+        self.netrc_files = files
+
+    @property
+    def netrc_info(self) -> typing.Optional[netrc.netrc]:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_netrc_info"):
+            self._netrc_info = None
+            for file_path in self.netrc_files:
+                expanded_path = Path(file_path).expanduser()
+                try:
+                    if expanded_path.is_file():
+                        self._netrc_info = netrc.netrc(str(expanded_path))
+                        break
+                except (netrc.NetrcParseError, IOError):  # pragma: nocover
+                    # Issue while reading the netrc file, ignore...
+                    pass
+        return self._netrc_info
+
+    def get_credentials(self, host: str) -> typing.Optional[typing.Tuple[str, str]]:
+        if self.netrc_info is None:
+            return None
+
+        auth_info = self.netrc_info.authenticators(host)
+        if auth_info is None or auth_info[2] is None:
+            return None
+        return (auth_info[0], auth_info[2])
+
+
+def get_ca_bundle_from_env() -> typing.Optional[str]:
+    if "SSL_CERT_FILE" in os.environ:
+        ssl_file = Path(os.environ["SSL_CERT_FILE"])
+        if ssl_file.is_file():
+            return str(ssl_file)
+    if "SSL_CERT_DIR" in os.environ:
+        ssl_path = Path(os.environ["SSL_CERT_DIR"])
+        if ssl_path.is_dir():
+            return str(ssl_path)
+    return None
+
+
+def parse_header_links(value: str) -> typing.List[typing.Dict[str, str]]:
+    """
+    Returns a list of parsed link headers, for more info see:
+    https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Link
+    The generic syntax of those is:
+    Link: < uri-reference >; param1=value1; param2="value2"
+    So for instance:
+    Link; '<http:/.../front.jpeg>; type="image/jpeg",<http://.../back.jpeg>;'
+    would return
+        [
+            {"url": "http:/.../front.jpeg", "type": "image/jpeg"},
+            {"url": "http://.../back.jpeg"},
+        ]
+    :param value: HTTP Link entity-header field
+    :return: list of parsed link headers
+    """
+    links: typing.List[typing.Dict[str, str]] = []
+    replace_chars = " '\""
+    value = value.strip(replace_chars)
+    if not value:
+        return links
+    for val in re.split(", *<", value):
+        try:
+            url, params = val.split(";", 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            url, params = val, ""
+        link = {"url": url.strip("<> '\"")}
+        for param in params.split(";"):
+            try:
+                key, value = param.split("=")
+            except ValueError:
+                break
+            link[key.strip(replace_chars)] = value.strip(replace_chars)
+        links.append(link)
+    return links
+
+
+SENSITIVE_HEADERS = {"authorization", "proxy-authorization"}
+
+
+def obfuscate_sensitive_headers(
+    items: typing.Iterable[typing.Tuple[typing.AnyStr, typing.AnyStr]]
+) -> typing.Iterator[typing.Tuple[typing.AnyStr, typing.AnyStr]]:
+    for k, v in items:
+        if to_str(k.lower()) in SENSITIVE_HEADERS:
+            v = to_bytes_or_str("[secure]", match_type_of=v)
+        yield k, v
+
+
+_LOGGER_INITIALIZED = False
+TRACE_LOG_LEVEL = 5
+
+
+class Logger(logging.Logger):
+    # Stub for type checkers.
+    def trace(self, message: str, *args: typing.Any, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        ...  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+def get_logger(name: str) -> Logger:
+    """
+    Get a `logging.Logger` instance, and optionally
+    set up debug logging based on the HTTPX_LOG_LEVEL environment variable.
+    """
+    global _LOGGER_INITIALIZED
+
+    if not _LOGGER_INITIALIZED:
+        _LOGGER_INITIALIZED = True
+        logging.addLevelName(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "TRACE")
+
+        log_level = os.environ.get("HTTPX_LOG_LEVEL", "").upper()
+        if log_level in ("DEBUG", "TRACE"):
+            logger = logging.getLogger("httpx")
+            logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG if log_level == "DEBUG" else TRACE_LOG_LEVEL)
+            handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
+            handler.setFormatter(
+                logging.Formatter(
+                    fmt="%(levelname)s [%(asctime)s] %(name)s - %(message)s",
+                    datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+                )
+            )
+            logger.addHandler(handler)
+
+    logger = logging.getLogger(name)
+
+    def trace(message: str, *args: typing.Any, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, message, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    logger.trace = trace  # type: ignore
+
+    return typing.cast(Logger, logger)
+
+
+def port_or_default(url: "URL") -> typing.Optional[int]:
+    if url.port is not None:
+        return url.port
+    return {"http": 80, "https": 443}.get(url.scheme)
+
+
+def same_origin(url: "URL", other: "URL") -> bool:
+    """
+    Return 'True' if the given URLs share the same origin.
+    """
+    return (
+        url.scheme == other.scheme
+        and url.host == other.host
+        and port_or_default(url) == port_or_default(other)
+    )
+
+
+def get_environment_proxies() -> typing.Dict[str, typing.Optional[str]]:
+    """Gets proxy information from the environment"""
+
+    # urllib.request.getproxies() falls back on System
+    # Registry and Config for proxies on Windows and macOS.
+    # We don't want to propagate non-HTTP proxies into
+    # our configuration such as 'TRAVIS_APT_PROXY'.
+    proxy_info = getproxies()
+    mounts: typing.Dict[str, typing.Optional[str]] = {}
+
+    for scheme in ("http", "https", "all"):
+        if proxy_info.get(scheme):
+            hostname = proxy_info[scheme]
+            mounts[f"{scheme}://"] = (
+                hostname if "://" in hostname else f"http://{hostname}"
+            )
+
+    no_proxy_hosts = [host.strip() for host in proxy_info.get("no", "").split(",")]
+    for hostname in no_proxy_hosts:
+        # See https://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/CURLOPT_NOPROXY.html for details
+        # on how names in `NO_PROXY` are handled.
+        if hostname == "*":
+            # If NO_PROXY=* is used or if "*" occurs as any one of the comma
+            # seperated hostnames, then we should just bypass any information
+            # from HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, ALL_PROXY, and always ignore
+            # proxies.
+            return {}
+        elif hostname:
+            # NO_PROXY=.google.com is marked as "all://*.google.com,
+            #   which disables "www.google.com" but not "google.com"
+            # NO_PROXY=google.com is marked as "all://*google.com,
+            #   which disables "www.google.com" and "google.com".
+            #   (But not "wwwgoogle.com")
+            mounts[f"all://*{hostname}"] = None
+
+    return mounts
+
+
+def to_bytes(value: typing.Union[str, bytes], encoding: str = "utf-8") -> bytes:
+    return value.encode(encoding) if isinstance(value, str) else value
+
+
+def to_str(value: typing.Union[str, bytes], encoding: str = "utf-8") -> str:
+    return value if isinstance(value, str) else value.decode(encoding)
+
+
+def to_bytes_or_str(value: str, match_type_of: typing.AnyStr) -> typing.AnyStr:
+    return value if isinstance(match_type_of, str) else value.encode()
+
+
+def unquote(value: str) -> str:
+    return value[1:-1] if value[0] == value[-1] == '"' else value
+
+
+def guess_content_type(filename: typing.Optional[str]) -> typing.Optional[str]:
+    if filename:
+        return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or "application/octet-stream"
+    return None
+
+
+def peek_filelike_length(stream: typing.Any) -> typing.Optional[int]:
+    """
+    Given a file-like stream object, return its length in number of bytes
+    without reading it into memory.
+    """
+    try:
+        # Is it an actual file?
+        fd = stream.fileno()
+        # Yup, seems to be an actual file.
+        length = os.fstat(fd).st_size
+    except (AttributeError, OSError):
+        # No... Maybe it's something that supports random access, like `io.BytesIO`?
+        try:
+            # Assuming so, go to end of stream to figure out its length,
+            # then put it back in place.
+            offset = stream.tell()
+            length = stream.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
+            stream.seek(offset)
+        except (AttributeError, OSError):
+            # Not even that? Sorry, we're doomed...
+            return None
+
+    return length
+
+
+class Timer:
+    async def _get_time(self) -> float:
+        library = sniffio.current_async_library()
+        if library == "trio":
+            import trio
+
+            return trio.current_time()
+        elif library == "curio":  # pragma: nocover
+            import curio
+
+            return await curio.clock()
+
+        import asyncio
+
+        return asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+
+    def sync_start(self) -> None:
+        self.started = time.perf_counter()
+
+    async def async_start(self) -> None:
+        self.started = await self._get_time()
+
+    def sync_elapsed(self) -> float:
+        now = time.perf_counter()
+        return now - self.started
+
+    async def async_elapsed(self) -> float:
+        now = await self._get_time()
+        return now - self.started
+
+
+class URLPattern:
+    """
+    A utility class currently used for making lookups against proxy keys...
+
+    # Wildcard matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("all")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    True
+
+    # Witch scheme matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    False
+
+    # With domain matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://example.com")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    False
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://other.com"))
+    False
+
+    # Wildcard scheme, with domain matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("all://example.com")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://other.com"))
+    False
+
+    # With port matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://example.com:1234")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com:1234"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    False
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, pattern: str) -> None:
+        from ._models import URL
+
+        if pattern and ":" not in pattern:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Proxy keys should use proper URL forms rather "
+                f"than plain scheme strings. "
+                f'Instead of "{pattern}", use "{pattern}://"'
+            )
+
+        url = URL(pattern)
+        self.pattern = pattern
+        self.scheme = "" if url.scheme == "all" else url.scheme
+        self.host = "" if url.host == "*" else url.host
+        self.port = url.port
+        if not url.host or url.host == "*":
+            self.host_regex: typing.Optional[typing.Pattern[str]] = None
+        else:
+            if url.host.startswith("*."):
+                # *.example.com should match "www.example.com", but not "example.com"
+                domain = re.escape(url.host[2:])
+                self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^.+\\.{domain}$")
+            elif url.host.startswith("*"):
+                # *example.com should match "www.example.com" and "example.com"
+                domain = re.escape(url.host[1:])
+                self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^(.+\\.)?{domain}$")
+            else:
+                # example.com should match "example.com" but not "www.example.com"
+                domain = re.escape(url.host)
+                self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^{domain}$")
+
+    def matches(self, other: "URL") -> bool:
+        if self.scheme and self.scheme != other.scheme:
+            return False
+        if (
+            self.host
+            and self.host_regex is not None
+            and not self.host_regex.match(other.host)
+        ):
+            return False
+        if self.port is not None and self.port != other.port:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def priority(self) -> tuple:
+        """
+        The priority allows URLPattern instances to be sortable, so that
+        we can match from most specific to least specific.
+        """
+        # URLs with a port should take priority over URLs without a port.
+        port_priority = 0 if self.port is not None else 1
+        # Longer hostnames should match first.
+        host_priority = -len(self.host)
+        # Longer schemes should match first.
+        scheme_priority = -len(self.scheme)
+        return (port_priority, host_priority, scheme_priority)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.pattern)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: "URLPattern") -> bool:
+        return self.priority < other.priority
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, URLPattern) and self.pattern == other.pattern
diff --git a/packages/httpx/py.typed b/packages/httpx/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/hyperframe/__init__.py b/packages/hyperframe/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf5ba1cb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hyperframe/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hyperframe
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A module for providing a pure-Python HTTP/2 framing layer.
+"""
+__version__ = '6.0.1'
diff --git a/packages/hyperframe/exceptions.py b/packages/hyperframe/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6adab25c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hyperframe/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hyperframe/exceptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Defines the exceptions that can be thrown by hyperframe.
+"""
+
+
+class HyperframeError(Exception):
+    """
+    The base class for all exceptions for the hyperframe module.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 6.0.0
+    """
+
+
+class UnknownFrameError(HyperframeError):
+    """
+    A frame of unknown type was received.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0.0
+        Changed base class from `ValueError` to :class:`HyperframeError`
+    """
+    def __init__(self, frame_type: int, length: int) -> None:
+        #: The type byte of the unknown frame that was received.
+        self.frame_type = frame_type
+
+        #: The length of the data portion of the unknown frame.
+        self.length = length
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            "UnknownFrameError: Unknown frame type 0x%X received, "
+            "length %d bytes" % (self.frame_type, self.length)
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidPaddingError(HyperframeError):
+    """
+    A frame with invalid padding was received.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0.0
+        Changed base class from `ValueError` to :class:`HyperframeError`
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidFrameError(HyperframeError):
+    """
+    Parsing a frame failed because the data was not laid out appropriately.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0.2
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0.0
+        Changed base class from `ValueError` to :class:`HyperframeError`
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidDataError(HyperframeError):
+    """
+    Content or data of a frame was is invalid or violates the specification.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 6.0.0
+    """
+    pass
diff --git a/packages/hyperframe/flags.py b/packages/hyperframe/flags.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f00cb9972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hyperframe/flags.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hyperframe/flags
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Defines basic Flag and Flags data structures.
+"""
+from collections.abc import MutableSet
+from typing import NamedTuple, Iterable, Set, Iterator
+
+
+class Flag(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    bit: int
+
+
+class Flags(MutableSet):  # type: ignore
+    """
+    A simple MutableSet implementation that will only accept known flags as
+    elements.
+
+    Will behave like a regular set(), except that a ValueError will be thrown
+    when .add()ing unexpected flags.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, defined_flags: Iterable[Flag]):
+        self._valid_flags = set(flag.name for flag in defined_flags)
+        self._flags: Set[str] = set()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(sorted(list(self._flags)))
+
+    def __contains__(self, x: object) -> bool:
+        return self._flags.__contains__(x)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return self._flags.__iter__()
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self._flags.__len__()
+
+    def discard(self, value: str) -> None:
+        return self._flags.discard(value)
+
+    def add(self, value: str) -> None:
+        if value not in self._valid_flags:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Unexpected flag: {}. Valid flags are: {}".format(
+                    value, self._valid_flags
+                )
+            )
+        return self._flags.add(value)
diff --git a/packages/hyperframe/frame.py b/packages/hyperframe/frame.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4e75e35e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/hyperframe/frame.py
@@ -0,0 +1,969 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+hyperframe/frame
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Defines framing logic for HTTP/2. Provides both classes to represent framed
+data and logic for aiding the connection when it comes to reading from the
+socket.
+"""
+import struct
+import binascii
+
+from .exceptions import (
+    UnknownFrameError, InvalidPaddingError, InvalidFrameError, InvalidDataError
+)
+from .flags import Flag, Flags
+from typing import Optional, Tuple, List, Iterable, Any, Dict, Type
+
+
+# The maximum initial length of a frame. Some frames have shorter maximum
+# lengths.
+FRAME_MAX_LEN = (2 ** 14)
+
+# The maximum allowed length of a frame.
+FRAME_MAX_ALLOWED_LEN = (2 ** 24) - 1
+
+# Stream association enumerations.
+_STREAM_ASSOC_HAS_STREAM = "has-stream"
+_STREAM_ASSOC_NO_STREAM = "no-stream"
+_STREAM_ASSOC_EITHER = "either"
+
+# Structs for packing and unpacking
+_STRUCT_HBBBL = struct.Struct(">HBBBL")
+_STRUCT_LL = struct.Struct(">LL")
+_STRUCT_HL = struct.Struct(">HL")
+_STRUCT_LB = struct.Struct(">LB")
+_STRUCT_L = struct.Struct(">L")
+_STRUCT_H = struct.Struct(">H")
+_STRUCT_B = struct.Struct(">B")
+
+
+class Frame:
+    """
+    The base class for all HTTP/2 frames.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined on this type of frame.
+    defined_flags: List[Flag] = []
+
+    #: The byte used to define the type of the frame.
+    type: Optional[int] = None
+
+    # If 'has-stream', the frame's stream_id must be non-zero. If 'no-stream',
+    # it must be zero. If 'either', it's not checked.
+    stream_association: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, flags: Iterable[str] = ()) -> None:
+        #: The stream identifier for the stream this frame was received on.
+        #: Set to 0 for frames sent on the connection (stream-id 0).
+        self.stream_id = stream_id
+
+        #: The flags set for this frame.
+        self.flags = Flags(self.defined_flags)
+
+        #: The frame length, excluding the nine-byte header.
+        self.body_len = 0
+
+        for flag in flags:
+            self.flags.add(flag)
+
+        if (not self.stream_id and
+           self.stream_association == _STREAM_ASSOC_HAS_STREAM):
+            raise InvalidDataError(
+                'Stream ID must be non-zero for {}'.format(
+                    type(self).__name__,
+                )
+            )
+        if (self.stream_id and
+           self.stream_association == _STREAM_ASSOC_NO_STREAM):
+            raise InvalidDataError(
+                'Stream ID must be zero for {} with stream_id={}'.format(
+                    type(self).__name__,
+                    self.stream_id,
+                )
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            "{}(stream_id={}, flags={}): {}"
+        ).format(
+            type(self).__name__,
+            self.stream_id,
+            repr(self.flags),
+            self._body_repr(),
+        )
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        # More specific implementation may be provided by subclasses of Frame.
+        # This fallback shows the serialized (and truncated) body content.
+        return _raw_data_repr(self.serialize_body())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def explain(data: memoryview) -> Tuple["Frame", int]:
+        """
+        Takes a bytestring and tries to parse a single frame and print it.
+
+        This function is only provided for debugging purposes.
+
+        :param data: A memoryview object containing the raw data of at least
+                     one complete frame (header and body).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 6.0.0
+        """
+        frame, length = Frame.parse_frame_header(data[:9])
+        frame.parse_body(data[9:9 + length])
+        print(frame)
+        return frame, length
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse_frame_header(header: memoryview, strict: bool = False) -> Tuple["Frame", int]:
+        """
+        Takes a 9-byte frame header and returns a tuple of the appropriate
+        Frame object and the length that needs to be read from the socket.
+
+        This populates the flags field, and determines how long the body is.
+
+        :param header: A memoryview object containing the 9-byte frame header
+                       data of a frame. Must not contain more or less.
+
+        :param strict: Whether to raise an exception when encountering a frame
+            not defined by spec and implemented by hyperframe.
+
+        :raises hyperframe.exceptions.UnknownFrameError: If a frame of unknown
+            type is received.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 5.0.0
+            Added :param:`strict` to accommodate :class:`ExtensionFrame`
+        """
+        try:
+            fields = _STRUCT_HBBBL.unpack(header)
+        except struct.error:
+            raise InvalidFrameError("Invalid frame header")
+
+        # First 24 bits are frame length.
+        length = (fields[0] << 8) + fields[1]
+        type = fields[2]
+        flags = fields[3]
+        stream_id = fields[4] & 0x7FFFFFFF
+
+        try:
+            frame = FRAMES[type](stream_id)
+        except KeyError:
+            if strict:
+                raise UnknownFrameError(type, length)
+            frame = ExtensionFrame(type=type, stream_id=stream_id)
+
+        frame.parse_flags(flags)
+        return (frame, length)
+
+    def parse_flags(self, flag_byte: int) -> Flags:
+        for flag, flag_bit in self.defined_flags:
+            if flag_byte & flag_bit:
+                self.flags.add(flag)
+
+        return self.flags
+
+    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Convert a frame into a bytestring, representing the serialized form of
+        the frame.
+        """
+        body = self.serialize_body()
+        self.body_len = len(body)
+
+        # Build the common frame header.
+        # First, get the flags.
+        flags = 0
+
+        for flag, flag_bit in self.defined_flags:
+            if flag in self.flags:
+                flags |= flag_bit
+
+        header = _STRUCT_HBBBL.pack(
+            (self.body_len >> 8) & 0xFFFF,  # Length spread over top 24 bits
+            self.body_len & 0xFF,
+            self.type,
+            flags,
+            self.stream_id & 0x7FFFFFFF  # Stream ID is 32 bits.
+        )
+
+        return header + body
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        """
+        Given the body of a frame, parses it into frame data. This populates
+        the non-header parts of the frame: that is, it does not populate the
+        stream ID or flags.
+
+        :param data: A memoryview object containing the body data of the frame.
+                     Must not contain *more* data than the length returned by
+                     :meth:`parse_frame_header
+                     <hyperframe.frame.Frame.parse_frame_header>`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class Padding:
+    """
+    Mixin for frames that contain padding. Defines extra fields that can be
+    used and set by frames that can be padded.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, pad_length: int = 0, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
+
+        #: The length of the padding to use.
+        self.pad_length = pad_length
+
+    def serialize_padding_data(self) -> bytes:
+        if 'PADDED' in self.flags:  # type: ignore
+            return _STRUCT_B.pack(self.pad_length)
+        return b''
+
+    def parse_padding_data(self, data: memoryview) -> int:
+        if 'PADDED' in self.flags:  # type: ignore
+            try:
+                self.pad_length = struct.unpack('!B', data[:1])[0]
+            except struct.error:
+                raise InvalidFrameError("Invalid Padding data")
+            return 1
+        return 0
+
+    #: .. deprecated:: 5.2.1
+    #:    Use self.pad_length instead.
+    @property
+    def total_padding(self) -> int:  # pragma: no cover
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn(
+            "total_padding contains the same information as pad_length.",
+            DeprecationWarning
+        )
+        return self.pad_length
+
+
+class Priority:
+    """
+    Mixin for frames that contain priority data. Defines extra fields that can
+    be used and set by frames that contain priority data.
+    """
+    def __init__(self,
+                 stream_id: int,
+                 depends_on: int = 0x0,
+                 stream_weight: int = 0x0,
+                 exclusive: bool = False,
+                 **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
+
+        #: The stream ID of the stream on which this stream depends.
+        self.depends_on = depends_on
+
+        #: The weight of the stream. This is an integer between 0 and 256.
+        self.stream_weight = stream_weight
+
+        #: Whether the exclusive bit was set.
+        self.exclusive = exclusive
+
+    def serialize_priority_data(self) -> bytes:
+        return _STRUCT_LB.pack(
+            self.depends_on + (0x80000000 if self.exclusive else 0),
+            self.stream_weight
+        )
+
+    def parse_priority_data(self, data: memoryview) -> int:
+        try:
+            self.depends_on, self.stream_weight = _STRUCT_LB.unpack(data[:5])
+        except struct.error:
+            raise InvalidFrameError("Invalid Priority data")
+
+        self.exclusive = True if self.depends_on >> 31 else False
+        self.depends_on &= 0x7FFFFFFF
+        return 5
+
+
+class DataFrame(Padding, Frame):
+    """
+    DATA frames convey arbitrary, variable-length sequences of octets
+    associated with a stream. One or more DATA frames are used, for instance,
+    to carry HTTP request or response payloads.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined for DATA frames.
+    defined_flags = [
+        Flag('END_STREAM', 0x01),
+        Flag('PADDED', 0x08),
+    ]
+
+    #: The type byte for data frames.
+    type = 0x0
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_HAS_STREAM
+
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, data: bytes = b'', **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+
+        #: The data contained on this frame.
+        self.data = data
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        padding_data = self.serialize_padding_data()
+        padding = b'\0' * self.pad_length
+        if isinstance(self.data, memoryview):
+            self.data = self.data.tobytes()
+        return b''.join([padding_data, self.data, padding])
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        padding_data_length = self.parse_padding_data(data)
+        self.data = (
+            data[padding_data_length:len(data)-self.pad_length].tobytes()
+        )
+        self.body_len = len(data)
+
+        if self.pad_length and self.pad_length >= self.body_len:
+            raise InvalidPaddingError("Padding is too long.")
+
+    @property
+    def flow_controlled_length(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The length of the frame that needs to be accounted for when considering
+        flow control.
+        """
+        padding_len = 0
+        if 'PADDED' in self.flags:
+            # Account for extra 1-byte padding length field, which is still
+            # present if possibly zero-valued.
+            padding_len = self.pad_length + 1
+        return len(self.data) + padding_len
+
+
+class PriorityFrame(Priority, Frame):
+    """
+    The PRIORITY frame specifies the sender-advised priority of a stream. It
+    can be sent at any time for an existing stream. This enables
+    reprioritisation of existing streams.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined for PRIORITY frames.
+    defined_flags: List[Flag] = []
+
+    #: The type byte defined for PRIORITY frames.
+    type = 0x02
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_HAS_STREAM
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "exclusive={}, depends_on={}, stream_weight={}".format(
+            self.exclusive,
+            self.depends_on,
+            self.stream_weight
+        )
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        return self.serialize_priority_data()
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        if len(data) > 5:
+            raise InvalidFrameError(
+                "PRIORITY must have 5 byte body: actual length %s." %
+                len(data)
+            )
+
+        self.parse_priority_data(data)
+        self.body_len = 5
+
+
+class RstStreamFrame(Frame):
+    """
+    The RST_STREAM frame allows for abnormal termination of a stream. When sent
+    by the initiator of a stream, it indicates that they wish to cancel the
+    stream or that an error condition has occurred. When sent by the receiver
+    of a stream, it indicates that either the receiver is rejecting the stream,
+    requesting that the stream be cancelled or that an error condition has
+    occurred.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined for RST_STREAM frames.
+    defined_flags: List[Flag] = []
+
+    #: The type byte defined for RST_STREAM frames.
+    type = 0x03
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_HAS_STREAM
+
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, error_code: int = 0, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+
+        #: The error code used when resetting the stream.
+        self.error_code = error_code
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "error_code={}".format(
+            self.error_code,
+        )
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        return _STRUCT_L.pack(self.error_code)
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        if len(data) != 4:
+            raise InvalidFrameError(
+                "RST_STREAM must have 4 byte body: actual length %s." %
+                len(data)
+            )
+
+        try:
+            self.error_code = _STRUCT_L.unpack(data)[0]
+        except struct.error:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise InvalidFrameError("Invalid RST_STREAM body")
+
+        self.body_len = 4
+
+
+class SettingsFrame(Frame):
+    """
+    The SETTINGS frame conveys configuration parameters that affect how
+    endpoints communicate. The parameters are either constraints on peer
+    behavior or preferences.
+
+    Settings are not negotiated. Settings describe characteristics of the
+    sending peer, which are used by the receiving peer. Different values for
+    the same setting can be advertised by each peer. For example, a client
+    might set a high initial flow control window, whereas a server might set a
+    lower value to conserve resources.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined for SETTINGS frames.
+    defined_flags = [Flag('ACK', 0x01)]
+
+    #: The type byte defined for SETTINGS frames.
+    type = 0x04
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_NO_STREAM
+
+    # We need to define the known settings, they may as well be class
+    # attributes.
+    #: The byte that signals the SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE setting.
+    HEADER_TABLE_SIZE = 0x01
+    #: The byte that signals the SETTINGS_ENABLE_PUSH setting.
+    ENABLE_PUSH = 0x02
+    #: The byte that signals the SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS setting.
+    MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS = 0x03
+    #: The byte that signals the SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE setting.
+    INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE = 0x04
+    #: The byte that signals the SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE setting.
+    MAX_FRAME_SIZE = 0x05
+    #: The byte that signals the SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE setting.
+    MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE = 0x06
+    #: The byte that signals SETTINGS_ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL setting.
+    ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL = 0x08
+
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int = 0, settings: Optional[Dict[int, int]] = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+
+        if settings and "ACK" in kwargs.get("flags", ()):
+            raise InvalidDataError(
+                "Settings must be empty if ACK flag is set."
+            )
+
+        #: A dictionary of the setting type byte to the value of the setting.
+        self.settings = settings or {}
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "settings={}".format(
+            self.settings,
+        )
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        return b''.join([_STRUCT_HL.pack(setting & 0xFF, value)
+                         for setting, value in self.settings.items()])
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        if 'ACK' in self.flags and len(data) > 0:
+            raise InvalidDataError(
+                "SETTINGS ack frame must not have payload: got %s bytes" %
+                len(data)
+            )
+
+        body_len = 0
+        for i in range(0, len(data), 6):
+            try:
+                name, value = _STRUCT_HL.unpack(data[i:i+6])
+            except struct.error:
+                raise InvalidFrameError("Invalid SETTINGS body")
+
+            self.settings[name] = value
+            body_len += 6
+
+        self.body_len = body_len
+
+
+class PushPromiseFrame(Padding, Frame):
+    """
+    The PUSH_PROMISE frame is used to notify the peer endpoint in advance of
+    streams the sender intends to initiate.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined for PUSH_PROMISE frames.
+    defined_flags = [
+        Flag('END_HEADERS', 0x04),
+        Flag('PADDED', 0x08)
+    ]
+
+    #: The type byte defined for PUSH_PROMISE frames.
+    type = 0x05
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_HAS_STREAM
+
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, promised_stream_id: int = 0, data: bytes = b'', **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+
+        #: The stream ID that is promised by this frame.
+        self.promised_stream_id = promised_stream_id
+
+        #: The HPACK-encoded header block for the simulated request on the new
+        #: stream.
+        self.data = data
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "promised_stream_id={}, data={}".format(
+            self.promised_stream_id,
+            _raw_data_repr(self.data),
+        )
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        padding_data = self.serialize_padding_data()
+        padding = b'\0' * self.pad_length
+        data = _STRUCT_L.pack(self.promised_stream_id)
+        return b''.join([padding_data, data, self.data, padding])
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        padding_data_length = self.parse_padding_data(data)
+
+        try:
+            self.promised_stream_id = _STRUCT_L.unpack(
+                data[padding_data_length:padding_data_length + 4]
+            )[0]
+        except struct.error:
+            raise InvalidFrameError("Invalid PUSH_PROMISE body")
+
+        self.data = (
+            data[padding_data_length + 4:len(data)-self.pad_length].tobytes()
+        )
+        self.body_len = len(data)
+
+        if self.promised_stream_id == 0 or self.promised_stream_id % 2 != 0:
+            raise InvalidDataError(
+                "Invalid PUSH_PROMISE promised stream id: %s" %
+                self.promised_stream_id
+            )
+
+        if self.pad_length and self.pad_length >= self.body_len:
+            raise InvalidPaddingError("Padding is too long.")
+
+
+class PingFrame(Frame):
+    """
+    The PING frame is a mechanism for measuring a minimal round-trip time from
+    the sender, as well as determining whether an idle connection is still
+    functional. PING frames can be sent from any endpoint.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined for PING frames.
+    defined_flags = [Flag('ACK', 0x01)]
+
+    #: The type byte defined for PING frames.
+    type = 0x06
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_NO_STREAM
+
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int = 0, opaque_data: bytes = b'', **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+
+        #: The opaque data sent in this PING frame, as a bytestring.
+        self.opaque_data = opaque_data
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "opaque_data={!r}".format(
+            self.opaque_data,
+        )
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        if len(self.opaque_data) > 8:
+            raise InvalidFrameError(
+                "PING frame may not have more than 8 bytes of data, got %r" %
+                self.opaque_data
+            )
+
+        data = self.opaque_data
+        data += b'\x00' * (8 - len(self.opaque_data))
+        return data
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        if len(data) != 8:
+            raise InvalidFrameError(
+                "PING frame must have 8 byte length: got %s" % len(data)
+            )
+
+        self.opaque_data = data.tobytes()
+        self.body_len = 8
+
+
+class GoAwayFrame(Frame):
+    """
+    The GOAWAY frame informs the remote peer to stop creating streams on this
+    connection. It can be sent from the client or the server. Once sent, the
+    sender will ignore frames sent on new streams for the remainder of the
+    connection.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined for GOAWAY frames.
+    defined_flags: List[Flag] = []
+
+    #: The type byte defined for GOAWAY frames.
+    type = 0x07
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_NO_STREAM
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 stream_id: int = 0,
+                 last_stream_id: int = 0,
+                 error_code: int = 0,
+                 additional_data: bytes = b'',
+                 **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+
+        #: The last stream ID definitely seen by the remote peer.
+        self.last_stream_id = last_stream_id
+
+        #: The error code for connection teardown.
+        self.error_code = error_code
+
+        #: Any additional data sent in the GOAWAY.
+        self.additional_data = additional_data
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "last_stream_id={}, error_code={}, additional_data={!r}".format(
+            self.last_stream_id,
+            self.error_code,
+            self.additional_data,
+        )
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        data = _STRUCT_LL.pack(
+            self.last_stream_id & 0x7FFFFFFF,
+            self.error_code
+        )
+        data += self.additional_data
+
+        return data
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.last_stream_id, self.error_code = _STRUCT_LL.unpack(
+                data[:8]
+            )
+        except struct.error:
+            raise InvalidFrameError("Invalid GOAWAY body.")
+
+        self.body_len = len(data)
+
+        if len(data) > 8:
+            self.additional_data = data[8:].tobytes()
+
+
+class WindowUpdateFrame(Frame):
+    """
+    The WINDOW_UPDATE frame is used to implement flow control.
+
+    Flow control operates at two levels: on each individual stream and on the
+    entire connection.
+
+    Both types of flow control are hop by hop; that is, only between the two
+    endpoints. Intermediaries do not forward WINDOW_UPDATE frames between
+    dependent connections. However, throttling of data transfer by any receiver
+    can indirectly cause the propagation of flow control information toward the
+    original sender.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined for WINDOW_UPDATE frames.
+    defined_flags: List[Flag] = []
+
+    #: The type byte defined for WINDOW_UPDATE frames.
+    type = 0x08
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_EITHER
+
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, window_increment: int = 0, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+
+        #: The amount the flow control window is to be incremented.
+        self.window_increment = window_increment
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "window_increment={}".format(
+            self.window_increment,
+        )
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        return _STRUCT_L.pack(self.window_increment & 0x7FFFFFFF)
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        if len(data) > 4:
+            raise InvalidFrameError(
+                "WINDOW_UPDATE frame must have 4 byte length: got %s" %
+                len(data)
+            )
+
+        try:
+            self.window_increment = _STRUCT_L.unpack(data)[0]
+        except struct.error:
+            raise InvalidFrameError("Invalid WINDOW_UPDATE body")
+
+        if not 1 <= self.window_increment <= 2**31-1:
+            raise InvalidDataError(
+                "WINDOW_UPDATE increment must be between 1 to 2^31-1"
+            )
+
+        self.body_len = 4
+
+
+class HeadersFrame(Padding, Priority, Frame):
+    """
+    The HEADERS frame carries name-value pairs. It is used to open a stream.
+    HEADERS frames can be sent on a stream in the "open" or "half closed
+    (remote)" states.
+
+    The HeadersFrame class is actually basically a data frame in this
+    implementation, because of the requirement to control the sizes of frames.
+    A header block fragment that doesn't fit in an entire HEADERS frame needs
+    to be followed with CONTINUATION frames. From the perspective of the frame
+    building code the header block is an opaque data segment.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined for HEADERS frames.
+    defined_flags = [
+        Flag('END_STREAM', 0x01),
+        Flag('END_HEADERS', 0x04),
+        Flag('PADDED', 0x08),
+        Flag('PRIORITY', 0x20),
+    ]
+
+    #: The type byte defined for HEADERS frames.
+    type = 0x01
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_HAS_STREAM
+
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, data: bytes = b'', **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+
+        #: The HPACK-encoded header block.
+        self.data = data
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "exclusive={}, depends_on={}, stream_weight={}, data={}".format(
+            self.exclusive,
+            self.depends_on,
+            self.stream_weight,
+            _raw_data_repr(self.data),
+        )
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        padding_data = self.serialize_padding_data()
+        padding = b'\0' * self.pad_length
+
+        if 'PRIORITY' in self.flags:
+            priority_data = self.serialize_priority_data()
+        else:
+            priority_data = b''
+
+        return b''.join([padding_data, priority_data, self.data, padding])
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        padding_data_length = self.parse_padding_data(data)
+        data = data[padding_data_length:]
+
+        if 'PRIORITY' in self.flags:
+            priority_data_length = self.parse_priority_data(data)
+        else:
+            priority_data_length = 0
+
+        self.body_len = len(data)
+        self.data = (
+            data[priority_data_length:len(data)-self.pad_length].tobytes()
+        )
+
+        if self.pad_length and self.pad_length >= self.body_len:
+            raise InvalidPaddingError("Padding is too long.")
+
+
+class ContinuationFrame(Frame):
+    """
+    The CONTINUATION frame is used to continue a sequence of header block
+    fragments. Any number of CONTINUATION frames can be sent on an existing
+    stream, as long as the preceding frame on the same stream is one of
+    HEADERS, PUSH_PROMISE or CONTINUATION without the END_HEADERS flag set.
+
+    Much like the HEADERS frame, hyper treats this as an opaque data frame with
+    different flags and a different type.
+    """
+    #: The flags defined for CONTINUATION frames.
+    defined_flags = [Flag('END_HEADERS', 0x04)]
+
+    #: The type byte defined for CONTINUATION frames.
+    type = 0x09
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_HAS_STREAM
+
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, data: bytes = b'', **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+
+        #: The HPACK-encoded header block.
+        self.data = data
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "data={}".format(
+            _raw_data_repr(self.data),
+        )
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        return self.data
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        self.data = data.tobytes()
+        self.body_len = len(data)
+
+
+class AltSvcFrame(Frame):
+    """
+    The ALTSVC frame is used to advertise alternate services that the current
+    host, or a different one, can understand. This frame is standardised as
+    part of RFC 7838.
+
+    This frame does no work to validate that the ALTSVC field parameter is
+    acceptable per the rules of RFC 7838.
+
+    .. note:: If the ``stream_id`` of this frame is nonzero, the origin field
+              must have zero length. Conversely, if the ``stream_id`` of this
+              frame is zero, the origin field must have nonzero length. Put
+              another way, a valid ALTSVC frame has ``stream_id != 0`` XOR
+              ``len(origin) != 0``.
+    """
+    type = 0xA
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_EITHER
+
+    def __init__(self, stream_id: int, origin: bytes = b'', field: bytes = b'', **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+
+        if not isinstance(origin, bytes):
+            raise InvalidDataError("AltSvc origin must be bytestring.")
+        if not isinstance(field, bytes):
+            raise InvalidDataError("AltSvc field must be a bytestring.")
+        self.origin = origin
+        self.field = field
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "origin={!r}, field={!r}".format(
+            self.origin,
+            self.field,
+        )
+
+    def serialize_body(self) -> bytes:
+        origin_len = _STRUCT_H.pack(len(self.origin))
+        return b''.join([origin_len, self.origin, self.field])
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        try:
+            origin_len = _STRUCT_H.unpack(data[0:2])[0]
+            self.origin = data[2:2+origin_len].tobytes()
+
+            if len(self.origin) != origin_len:
+                raise InvalidFrameError("Invalid ALTSVC frame body.")
+
+            self.field = data[2+origin_len:].tobytes()
+        except (struct.error, ValueError):
+            raise InvalidFrameError("Invalid ALTSVC frame body.")
+
+        self.body_len = len(data)
+
+
+class ExtensionFrame(Frame):
+    """
+    ExtensionFrame is used to wrap frames which are not natively interpretable
+    by hyperframe.
+
+    Although certain byte prefixes are ordained by specification to have
+    certain contextual meanings, frames with other prefixes are not prohibited,
+    and may be used to communicate arbitrary meaning between HTTP/2 peers.
+
+    Thus, hyperframe, rather than raising an exception when such a frame is
+    encountered, wraps it in a generic frame to be properly acted upon by
+    upstream consumers which might have additional context on how to use it.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.0.0
+    """
+
+    stream_association = _STREAM_ASSOC_EITHER
+
+    def __init__(self, type: int, stream_id: int, flag_byte: int = 0x0, body: bytes = b'', **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(stream_id, **kwargs)
+        self.type = type
+        self.flag_byte = flag_byte
+        self.body = body
+
+    def _body_repr(self) -> str:
+        return "type={}, flag_byte={}, body={}".format(
+            self.type,
+            self.flag_byte,
+            _raw_data_repr(self.body),
+        )
+
+    def parse_flags(self, flag_byte: int) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        """
+        For extension frames, we parse the flags by just storing a flag byte.
+        """
+        self.flag_byte = flag_byte
+
+    def parse_body(self, data: memoryview) -> None:
+        self.body = data.tobytes()
+        self.body_len = len(data)
+
+    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        A broad override of the serialize method that ensures that the data
+        comes back out exactly as it came in. This should not be used in most
+        user code: it exists only as a helper method if frames need to be
+        reconstituted.
+        """
+        # Build the frame header.
+        # First, get the flags.
+        flags = self.flag_byte
+
+        header = _STRUCT_HBBBL.pack(
+            (self.body_len >> 8) & 0xFFFF,  # Length spread over top 24 bits
+            self.body_len & 0xFF,
+            self.type,
+            flags,
+            self.stream_id & 0x7FFFFFFF  # Stream ID is 32 bits.
+        )
+
+        return header + self.body
+
+
+def _raw_data_repr(data: Optional[bytes]) -> str:
+    if not data:
+        return "None"
+    r = binascii.hexlify(data).decode('ascii')
+    if len(r) > 20:
+        r = r[:20] + "..."
+    return "<hex:" + r + ">"
+
+
+_FRAME_CLASSES: List[Type[Frame]] = [
+    DataFrame,
+    HeadersFrame,
+    PriorityFrame,
+    RstStreamFrame,
+    SettingsFrame,
+    PushPromiseFrame,
+    PingFrame,
+    GoAwayFrame,
+    WindowUpdateFrame,
+    ContinuationFrame,
+    AltSvcFrame,
+]
+#: FRAMES maps the type byte for each frame to the class used to represent that
+#: frame.
+FRAMES = {cls.type: cls for cls in _FRAME_CLASSES}
diff --git a/packages/hyperframe/py.typed b/packages/hyperframe/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/idna/__init__.py b/packages/idna/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a40eeafcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/idna/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from .package_data import __version__
+from .core import (
+    IDNABidiError,
+    IDNAError,
+    InvalidCodepoint,
+    InvalidCodepointContext,
+    alabel,
+    check_bidi,
+    check_hyphen_ok,
+    check_initial_combiner,
+    check_label,
+    check_nfc,
+    decode,
+    encode,
+    ulabel,
+    uts46_remap,
+    valid_contextj,
+    valid_contexto,
+    valid_label_length,
+    valid_string_length,
+)
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+
+__all__ = [
+    "IDNABidiError",
+    "IDNAError",
+    "InvalidCodepoint",
+    "InvalidCodepointContext",
+    "alabel",
+    "check_bidi",
+    "check_hyphen_ok",
+    "check_initial_combiner",
+    "check_label",
+    "check_nfc",
+    "decode",
+    "encode",
+    "intranges_contain",
+    "ulabel",
+    "uts46_remap",
+    "valid_contextj",
+    "valid_contexto",
+    "valid_label_length",
+    "valid_string_length",
+]
diff --git a/packages/idna/codec.py b/packages/idna/codec.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..080f22a3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/idna/codec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+from .core import encode, decode, alabel, ulabel, IDNAError
+import codecs
+import re
+from typing import Tuple, Optional
+
+_unicode_dots_re = re.compile('[\u002e\u3002\uff0e\uff61]')
+
+class Codec(codecs.Codec):
+
+    def encode(self, data, errors='strict'):
+        # type: (str, str) -> Tuple[bytes, int]
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return b"", 0
+
+        return encode(data), len(data)
+
+    def decode(self, data, errors='strict'):
+        # type: (bytes, str) -> Tuple[str, int]
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return '', 0
+
+        return decode(data), len(data)
+
+class IncrementalEncoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalEncoder):
+    def _buffer_encode(self, data, errors, final):  # type: ignore
+        # type: (str, str, bool) -> Tuple[str, int]
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return "", 0
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = ''
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = '.'
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = '.'
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(alabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        # Join with U+002E
+        result_str = '.'.join(result) + trailing_dot  # type: ignore
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return result_str, size
+
+class IncrementalDecoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalDecoder):
+    def _buffer_decode(self, data, errors, final):  # type: ignore
+        # type: (str, str, bool) -> Tuple[str, int]
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return ('', 0)
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = ''
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = '.'
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = '.'
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(ulabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        result_str = '.'.join(result) + trailing_dot
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return (result_str, size)
+
+
+class StreamWriter(Codec, codecs.StreamWriter):
+    pass
+
+
+class StreamReader(Codec, codecs.StreamReader):
+    pass
+
+
+def getregentry():
+    # type: () -> codecs.CodecInfo
+    # Compatibility as a search_function for codecs.register()
+    return codecs.CodecInfo(
+        name='idna',
+        encode=Codec().encode,  # type: ignore
+        decode=Codec().decode,  # type: ignore
+        incrementalencoder=IncrementalEncoder,
+        incrementaldecoder=IncrementalDecoder,
+        streamwriter=StreamWriter,
+        streamreader=StreamReader,
+    )
diff --git a/packages/idna/compat.py b/packages/idna/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc896c766
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/idna/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from .core import *
+from .codec import *
+from typing import Any, Union
+
+def ToASCII(label):
+    # type: (str) -> bytes
+    return encode(label)
+
+def ToUnicode(label):
+    # type: (Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> str
+    return decode(label)
+
+def nameprep(s):
+    # type: (Any) -> None
+    raise NotImplementedError('IDNA 2008 does not utilise nameprep protocol')
+
diff --git a/packages/idna/core.py b/packages/idna/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6051297d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/idna/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+from . import idnadata
+import bisect
+import unicodedata
+import re
+from typing import Union, Optional
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+
+_virama_combining_class = 9
+_alabel_prefix = b'xn--'
+_unicode_dots_re = re.compile('[\u002e\u3002\uff0e\uff61]')
+
+class IDNAError(UnicodeError):
+    """ Base exception for all IDNA-encoding related problems """
+    pass
+
+
+class IDNABidiError(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when bidirectional requirements are not satisfied """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidCodepoint(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when a disallowed or unallocated codepoint is used """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidCodepointContext(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when the codepoint is not valid in the context it is used """
+    pass
+
+
+def _combining_class(cp):
+    # type: (int) -> int
+    v = unicodedata.combining(chr(cp))
+    if v == 0:
+        if not unicodedata.name(chr(cp)):
+            raise ValueError('Unknown character in unicodedata')
+    return v
+
+def _is_script(cp, script):
+    # type: (str, str) -> bool
+    return intranges_contain(ord(cp), idnadata.scripts[script])
+
+def _punycode(s):
+    # type: (str) -> bytes
+    return s.encode('punycode')
+
+def _unot(s):
+    # type: (int) -> str
+    return 'U+{:04X}'.format(s)
+
+
+def valid_label_length(label):
+    # type: (Union[bytes, str]) -> bool
+    if len(label) > 63:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def valid_string_length(label, trailing_dot):
+    # type: (Union[bytes, str], bool) -> bool
+    if len(label) > (254 if trailing_dot else 253):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def check_bidi(label, check_ltr=False):
+    # type: (str, bool) -> bool
+    # Bidi rules should only be applied if string contains RTL characters
+    bidi_label = False
+    for (idx, cp) in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+        if direction == '':
+            # String likely comes from a newer version of Unicode
+            raise IDNABidiError('Unknown directionality in label {} at position {}'.format(repr(label), idx))
+        if direction in ['R', 'AL', 'AN']:
+            bidi_label = True
+    if not bidi_label and not check_ltr:
+        return True
+
+    # Bidi rule 1
+    direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(label[0])
+    if direction in ['R', 'AL']:
+        rtl = True
+    elif direction == 'L':
+        rtl = False
+    else:
+        raise IDNABidiError('First codepoint in label {} must be directionality L, R or AL'.format(repr(label)))
+
+    valid_ending = False
+    number_type = None  # type: Optional[str]
+    for (idx, cp) in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+
+        if rtl:
+            # Bidi rule 2
+            if not direction in ['R', 'AL', 'AN', 'EN', 'ES', 'CS', 'ET', 'ON', 'BN', 'NSM']:
+                raise IDNABidiError('Invalid direction for codepoint at position {} in a right-to-left label'.format(idx))
+            # Bidi rule 3
+            if direction in ['R', 'AL', 'EN', 'AN']:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != 'NSM':
+                valid_ending = False
+            # Bidi rule 4
+            if direction in ['AN', 'EN']:
+                if not number_type:
+                    number_type = direction
+                else:
+                    if number_type != direction:
+                        raise IDNABidiError('Can not mix numeral types in a right-to-left label')
+        else:
+            # Bidi rule 5
+            if not direction in ['L', 'EN', 'ES', 'CS', 'ET', 'ON', 'BN', 'NSM']:
+                raise IDNABidiError('Invalid direction for codepoint at position {} in a left-to-right label'.format(idx))
+            # Bidi rule 6
+            if direction in ['L', 'EN']:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != 'NSM':
+                valid_ending = False
+
+    if not valid_ending:
+        raise IDNABidiError('Label ends with illegal codepoint directionality')
+
+    return True
+
+
+def check_initial_combiner(label):
+    # type: (str) -> bool
+    if unicodedata.category(label[0])[0] == 'M':
+        raise IDNAError('Label begins with an illegal combining character')
+    return True
+
+
+def check_hyphen_ok(label):
+    # type: (str) -> bool
+    if label[2:4] == '--':
+        raise IDNAError('Label has disallowed hyphens in 3rd and 4th position')
+    if label[0] == '-' or label[-1] == '-':
+        raise IDNAError('Label must not start or end with a hyphen')
+    return True
+
+
+def check_nfc(label):
+    # type: (str) -> None
+    if unicodedata.normalize('NFC', label) != label:
+        raise IDNAError('Label must be in Normalization Form C')
+
+
+def valid_contextj(label, pos):
+    # type: (str, int) -> bool
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200c:
+
+        if pos > 0:
+            if _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class:
+                return True
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos-1, -1, -1):
+            joining_type = idnadata.joining_types.get(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == ord('T'):
+                continue
+            if joining_type in [ord('L'), ord('D')]:
+                ok = True
+                break
+
+        if not ok:
+            return False
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos+1, len(label)):
+            joining_type = idnadata.joining_types.get(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == ord('T'):
+                continue
+            if joining_type in [ord('R'), ord('D')]:
+                ok = True
+                break
+        return ok
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200d:
+
+        if pos > 0:
+            if _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    else:
+
+        return False
+
+
+def valid_contexto(label, pos, exception=False):
+    # type: (str, int, bool) -> bool
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x00b7:
+        if 0 < pos < len(label)-1:
+            if ord(label[pos - 1]) == 0x006c and ord(label[pos + 1]) == 0x006c:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x0375:
+        if pos < len(label)-1 and len(label) > 1:
+            return _is_script(label[pos + 1], 'Greek')
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x05f3 or cp_value == 0x05f4:
+        if pos > 0:
+            return _is_script(label[pos - 1], 'Hebrew')
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x30fb:
+        for cp in label:
+            if cp == '\u30fb':
+                continue
+            if _is_script(cp, 'Hiragana') or _is_script(cp, 'Katakana') or _is_script(cp, 'Han'):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    elif 0x660 <= cp_value <= 0x669:
+        for cp in label:
+            if 0x6f0 <= ord(cp) <= 0x06f9:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    elif 0x6f0 <= cp_value <= 0x6f9:
+        for cp in label:
+            if 0x660 <= ord(cp) <= 0x0669:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def check_label(label):
+    # type: (Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> None
+    if isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        label = label.decode('utf-8')
+    if len(label) == 0:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty Label')
+
+    check_nfc(label)
+    check_hyphen_ok(label)
+    check_initial_combiner(label)
+
+    for (pos, cp) in enumerate(label):
+        cp_value = ord(cp)
+        if intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['PVALID']):
+            continue
+        elif intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['CONTEXTJ']):
+            try:
+                if not valid_contextj(label, pos):
+                    raise InvalidCodepointContext('Joiner {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(
+                        _unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+            except ValueError:
+                raise IDNAError('Unknown codepoint adjacent to joiner {} at position {} in {}'.format(
+                    _unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+        elif intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['CONTEXTO']):
+            if not valid_contexto(label, pos):
+                raise InvalidCodepointContext('Codepoint {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(_unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+        else:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint('Codepoint {} at position {} of {} not allowed'.format(_unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+
+    check_bidi(label)
+
+
+def alabel(label):
+    # type: (str) -> bytes
+    try:
+        label_bytes = label.encode('ascii')
+        ulabel(label_bytes)
+        if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+            raise IDNAError('Label too long')
+        return label_bytes
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        pass
+
+    if not label:
+        raise IDNAError('No Input')
+
+    label = str(label)
+    check_label(label)
+    label_bytes = _punycode(label)
+    label_bytes = _alabel_prefix + label_bytes
+
+    if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+        raise IDNAError('Label too long')
+
+    return label_bytes
+
+
+def ulabel(label):
+    # type: (Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> str
+    if not isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        try:
+            label_bytes = label.encode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            check_label(label)
+            return label
+    else:
+        label_bytes = label
+
+    label_bytes = label_bytes.lower()
+    if label_bytes.startswith(_alabel_prefix):
+        label_bytes = label_bytes[len(_alabel_prefix):]
+        if not label_bytes:
+            raise IDNAError('Malformed A-label, no Punycode eligible content found')
+        if label_bytes.decode('ascii')[-1] == '-':
+            raise IDNAError('A-label must not end with a hyphen')
+    else:
+        check_label(label_bytes)
+        return label_bytes.decode('ascii')
+
+    label = label_bytes.decode('punycode')
+    check_label(label)
+    return label
+
+
+def uts46_remap(domain, std3_rules=True, transitional=False):
+    # type: (str, bool, bool) -> str
+    """Re-map the characters in the string according to UTS46 processing."""
+    from .uts46data import uts46data
+    output = ''
+
+    for pos, char in enumerate(domain):
+        code_point = ord(char)
+        try:
+            uts46row = uts46data[code_point if code_point < 256 else
+                bisect.bisect_left(uts46data, (code_point, 'Z')) - 1]
+            status = uts46row[1]
+            replacement = None  # type: Optional[str]
+            if len(uts46row) == 3:
+                replacement = uts46row[2]  # type: ignore
+            if (status == 'V' or
+                    (status == 'D' and not transitional) or
+                    (status == '3' and not std3_rules and replacement is None)):
+                output += char
+            elif replacement is not None and (status == 'M' or
+                    (status == '3' and not std3_rules) or
+                    (status == 'D' and transitional)):
+                output += replacement
+            elif status != 'I':
+                raise IndexError()
+        except IndexError:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint(
+                'Codepoint {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(
+                _unot(code_point), pos + 1, repr(domain)))
+
+    return unicodedata.normalize('NFC', output)
+
+
+def encode(s, strict=False, uts46=False, std3_rules=False, transitional=False):
+    # type: (Union[str, bytes, bytearray], bool, bool, bool, bool) -> bytes
+    if isinstance(s, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        s = s.decode('ascii')
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, transitional)
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    if strict:
+        labels = s.split('.')
+    else:
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    if not labels or labels == ['']:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty domain')
+    if labels[-1] == '':
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        s = alabel(label)
+        if s:
+            result.append(s)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError('Empty label')
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append(b'')
+    s = b'.'.join(result)
+    if not valid_string_length(s, trailing_dot):
+        raise IDNAError('Domain too long')
+    return s
+
+
+def decode(s, strict=False, uts46=False, std3_rules=False):
+    # type: (Union[str, bytes, bytearray], bool, bool, bool) -> str
+    if isinstance(s, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        s = s.decode('ascii')
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, False)
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    if not strict:
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    else:
+        labels = s.split('.')
+    if not labels or labels == ['']:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty domain')
+    if not labels[-1]:
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        s = ulabel(label)
+        if s:
+            result.append(s)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError('Empty label')
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append('')
+    return '.'.join(result)
diff --git a/packages/idna/idnadata.py b/packages/idna/idnadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b86a3e06e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/idna/idnadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2050 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+
+__version__ = '13.0.0'
+scripts = {
+    'Greek': (
+        0x37000000374,
+        0x37500000378,
+        0x37a0000037e,
+        0x37f00000380,
+        0x38400000385,
+        0x38600000387,
+        0x3880000038b,
+        0x38c0000038d,
+        0x38e000003a2,
+        0x3a3000003e2,
+        0x3f000000400,
+        0x1d2600001d2b,
+        0x1d5d00001d62,
+        0x1d6600001d6b,
+        0x1dbf00001dc0,
+        0x1f0000001f16,
+        0x1f1800001f1e,
+        0x1f2000001f46,
+        0x1f4800001f4e,
+        0x1f5000001f58,
+        0x1f5900001f5a,
+        0x1f5b00001f5c,
+        0x1f5d00001f5e,
+        0x1f5f00001f7e,
+        0x1f8000001fb5,
+        0x1fb600001fc5,
+        0x1fc600001fd4,
+        0x1fd600001fdc,
+        0x1fdd00001ff0,
+        0x1ff200001ff5,
+        0x1ff600001fff,
+        0x212600002127,
+        0xab650000ab66,
+        0x101400001018f,
+        0x101a0000101a1,
+        0x1d2000001d246,
+    ),
+    'Han': (
+        0x2e8000002e9a,
+        0x2e9b00002ef4,
+        0x2f0000002fd6,
+        0x300500003006,
+        0x300700003008,
+        0x30210000302a,
+        0x30380000303c,
+        0x340000004dc0,
+        0x4e0000009ffd,
+        0xf9000000fa6e,
+        0xfa700000fada,
+        0x16ff000016ff2,
+        0x200000002a6de,
+        0x2a7000002b735,
+        0x2b7400002b81e,
+        0x2b8200002cea2,
+        0x2ceb00002ebe1,
+        0x2f8000002fa1e,
+        0x300000003134b,
+    ),
+    'Hebrew': (
+        0x591000005c8,
+        0x5d0000005eb,
+        0x5ef000005f5,
+        0xfb1d0000fb37,
+        0xfb380000fb3d,
+        0xfb3e0000fb3f,
+        0xfb400000fb42,
+        0xfb430000fb45,
+        0xfb460000fb50,
+    ),
+    'Hiragana': (
+        0x304100003097,
+        0x309d000030a0,
+        0x1b0010001b11f,
+        0x1b1500001b153,
+        0x1f2000001f201,
+    ),
+    'Katakana': (
+        0x30a1000030fb,
+        0x30fd00003100,
+        0x31f000003200,
+        0x32d0000032ff,
+        0x330000003358,
+        0xff660000ff70,
+        0xff710000ff9e,
+        0x1b0000001b001,
+        0x1b1640001b168,
+    ),
+}
+joining_types = {
+    0x600: 85,
+    0x601: 85,
+    0x602: 85,
+    0x603: 85,
+    0x604: 85,
+    0x605: 85,
+    0x608: 85,
+    0x60b: 85,
+    0x620: 68,
+    0x621: 85,
+    0x622: 82,
+    0x623: 82,
+    0x624: 82,
+    0x625: 82,
+    0x626: 68,
+    0x627: 82,
+    0x628: 68,
+    0x629: 82,
+    0x62a: 68,
+    0x62b: 68,
+    0x62c: 68,
+    0x62d: 68,
+    0x62e: 68,
+    0x62f: 82,
+    0x630: 82,
+    0x631: 82,
+    0x632: 82,
+    0x633: 68,
+    0x634: 68,
+    0x635: 68,
+    0x636: 68,
+    0x637: 68,
+    0x638: 68,
+    0x639: 68,
+    0x63a: 68,
+    0x63b: 68,
+    0x63c: 68,
+    0x63d: 68,
+    0x63e: 68,
+    0x63f: 68,
+    0x640: 67,
+    0x641: 68,
+    0x642: 68,
+    0x643: 68,
+    0x644: 68,
+    0x645: 68,
+    0x646: 68,
+    0x647: 68,
+    0x648: 82,
+    0x649: 68,
+    0x64a: 68,
+    0x66e: 68,
+    0x66f: 68,
+    0x671: 82,
+    0x672: 82,
+    0x673: 82,
+    0x674: 85,
+    0x675: 82,
+    0x676: 82,
+    0x677: 82,
+    0x678: 68,
+    0x679: 68,
+    0x67a: 68,
+    0x67b: 68,
+    0x67c: 68,
+    0x67d: 68,
+    0x67e: 68,
+    0x67f: 68,
+    0x680: 68,
+    0x681: 68,
+    0x682: 68,
+    0x683: 68,
+    0x684: 68,
+    0x685: 68,
+    0x686: 68,
+    0x687: 68,
+    0x688: 82,
+    0x689: 82,
+    0x68a: 82,
+    0x68b: 82,
+    0x68c: 82,
+    0x68d: 82,
+    0x68e: 82,
+    0x68f: 82,
+    0x690: 82,
+    0x691: 82,
+    0x692: 82,
+    0x693: 82,
+    0x694: 82,
+    0x695: 82,
+    0x696: 82,
+    0x697: 82,
+    0x698: 82,
+    0x699: 82,
+    0x69a: 68,
+    0x69b: 68,
+    0x69c: 68,
+    0x69d: 68,
+    0x69e: 68,
+    0x69f: 68,
+    0x6a0: 68,
+    0x6a1: 68,
+    0x6a2: 68,
+    0x6a3: 68,
+    0x6a4: 68,
+    0x6a5: 68,
+    0x6a6: 68,
+    0x6a7: 68,
+    0x6a8: 68,
+    0x6a9: 68,
+    0x6aa: 68,
+    0x6ab: 68,
+    0x6ac: 68,
+    0x6ad: 68,
+    0x6ae: 68,
+    0x6af: 68,
+    0x6b0: 68,
+    0x6b1: 68,
+    0x6b2: 68,
+    0x6b3: 68,
+    0x6b4: 68,
+    0x6b5: 68,
+    0x6b6: 68,
+    0x6b7: 68,
+    0x6b8: 68,
+    0x6b9: 68,
+    0x6ba: 68,
+    0x6bb: 68,
+    0x6bc: 68,
+    0x6bd: 68,
+    0x6be: 68,
+    0x6bf: 68,
+    0x6c0: 82,
+    0x6c1: 68,
+    0x6c2: 68,
+    0x6c3: 82,
+    0x6c4: 82,
+    0x6c5: 82,
+    0x6c6: 82,
+    0x6c7: 82,
+    0x6c8: 82,
+    0x6c9: 82,
+    0x6ca: 82,
+    0x6cb: 82,
+    0x6cc: 68,
+    0x6cd: 82,
+    0x6ce: 68,
+    0x6cf: 82,
+    0x6d0: 68,
+    0x6d1: 68,
+    0x6d2: 82,
+    0x6d3: 82,
+    0x6d5: 82,
+    0x6dd: 85,
+    0x6ee: 82,
+    0x6ef: 82,
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+}
+codepoint_classes = {
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diff --git a/packages/idna/intranges.py b/packages/idna/intranges.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee364a904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/idna/intranges.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"""
+Given a list of integers, made up of (hopefully) a small number of long runs
+of consecutive integers, compute a representation of the form
+((start1, end1), (start2, end2) ...). Then answer the question "was x present
+in the original list?" in time O(log(# runs)).
+"""
+
+import bisect
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+def intranges_from_list(list_):
+    # type: (List[int]) -> Tuple[int, ...]
+    """Represent a list of integers as a sequence of ranges:
+    ((start_0, end_0), (start_1, end_1), ...), such that the original
+    integers are exactly those x such that start_i <= x < end_i for some i.
+
+    Ranges are encoded as single integers (start << 32 | end), not as tuples.
+    """
+
+    sorted_list = sorted(list_)
+    ranges = []
+    last_write = -1
+    for i in range(len(sorted_list)):
+        if i+1 < len(sorted_list):
+            if sorted_list[i] == sorted_list[i+1]-1:
+                continue
+        current_range = sorted_list[last_write+1:i+1]
+        ranges.append(_encode_range(current_range[0], current_range[-1] + 1))
+        last_write = i
+
+    return tuple(ranges)
+
+def _encode_range(start, end):
+    # type: (int, int) -> int
+    return (start << 32) | end
+
+def _decode_range(r):
+    # type: (int) -> Tuple[int, int]
+    return (r >> 32), (r & ((1 << 32) - 1))
+
+
+def intranges_contain(int_, ranges):
+    # type: (int, Tuple[int, ...]) -> bool
+    """Determine if `int_` falls into one of the ranges in `ranges`."""
+    tuple_ = _encode_range(int_, 0)
+    pos = bisect.bisect_left(ranges, tuple_)
+    # we could be immediately ahead of a tuple (start, end)
+    # with start < int_ <= end
+    if pos > 0:
+        left, right = _decode_range(ranges[pos-1])
+        if left <= int_ < right:
+            return True
+    # or we could be immediately behind a tuple (int_, end)
+    if pos < len(ranges):
+        left, _ = _decode_range(ranges[pos])
+        if left == int_:
+            return True
+    return False
diff --git a/packages/idna/package_data.py b/packages/idna/package_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e096d1d52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/idna/package_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+__version__ = '3.2'
+
diff --git a/packages/idna/py.typed b/packages/idna/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/idna/uts46data.py b/packages/idna/uts46data.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f382ce389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/idna/uts46data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8438 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+"""IDNA Mapping Table from UTS46."""
+
+
+__version__ = '13.0.0'
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+    (0x2F945, 'M', '眞'),
+    (0x2F946, 'M', '真'),
+    (0x2F948, 'M', '睊'),
+    (0x2F949, 'M', '䀹'),
+    (0x2F94A, 'M', '瞋'),
+    (0x2F94B, 'M', '䁆'),
+    (0x2F94C, 'M', '䂖'),
+    (0x2F94D, 'M', '𥐝'),
+    (0x2F94E, 'M', '硎'),
+    (0x2F94F, 'M', '碌'),
+    (0x2F950, 'M', '磌'),
+    (0x2F951, 'M', '䃣'),
+    (0x2F952, 'M', '𥘦'),
+    (0x2F953, 'M', '祖'),
+    (0x2F954, 'M', '𥚚'),
+    (0x2F955, 'M', '𥛅'),
+    (0x2F956, 'M', '福'),
+    (0x2F957, 'M', '秫'),
+    (0x2F958, 'M', '䄯'),
+    (0x2F959, 'M', '穀'),
+    (0x2F95A, 'M', '穊'),
+    (0x2F95B, 'M', '穏'),
+    (0x2F95C, 'M', '𥥼'),
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+    (0x2F95F, 'X'),
+    (0x2F960, 'M', '䈂'),
+    (0x2F961, 'M', '𥮫'),
+    (0x2F962, 'M', '篆'),
+    (0x2F963, 'M', '築'),
+    (0x2F964, 'M', '䈧'),
+    (0x2F965, 'M', '𥲀'),
+    (0x2F966, 'M', '糒'),
+    (0x2F967, 'M', '䊠'),
+    (0x2F968, 'M', '糨'),
+    (0x2F969, 'M', '糣'),
+    (0x2F96A, 'M', '紀'),
+    (0x2F96B, 'M', '𥾆'),
+    (0x2F96C, 'M', '絣'),
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+    (0x2F96F, 'M', '縂'),
+    (0x2F970, 'M', '繅'),
+    (0x2F971, 'M', '䌴'),
+    (0x2F972, 'M', '𦈨'),
+    (0x2F973, 'M', '𦉇'),
+    (0x2F974, 'M', '䍙'),
+    (0x2F975, 'M', '𦋙'),
+    (0x2F976, 'M', '罺'),
+    (0x2F977, 'M', '𦌾'),
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+    (0x2F97B, 'M', '𦓚'),
+    (0x2F97C, 'M', '𦔣'),
+    (0x2F97D, 'M', '聠'),
+    (0x2F97E, 'M', '𦖨'),
+    (0x2F97F, 'M', '聰'),
+    (0x2F980, 'M', '𣍟'),
+    (0x2F981, 'M', '䏕'),
+    (0x2F982, 'M', '育'),
+    (0x2F983, 'M', '脃'),
+    (0x2F984, 'M', '䐋'),
+    (0x2F985, 'M', '脾'),
+    (0x2F986, 'M', '媵'),
+    (0x2F987, 'M', '𦞧'),
+    (0x2F988, 'M', '𦞵'),
+    (0x2F989, 'M', '𣎓'),
+    (0x2F98A, 'M', '𣎜'),
+    (0x2F98B, 'M', '舁'),
+    (0x2F98C, 'M', '舄'),
+    (0x2F98D, 'M', '辞'),
+    ]
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+    return [
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+    (0x2F9A7, 'M', '䔫'),
+    (0x2F9A8, 'M', '蓱'),
+    (0x2F9A9, 'M', '蓳'),
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+    (0x2F9B0, 'M', '𦾱'),
+    (0x2F9B1, 'M', '𧃒'),
+    (0x2F9B2, 'M', '䕫'),
+    (0x2F9B3, 'M', '虐'),
+    (0x2F9B4, 'M', '虜'),
+    (0x2F9B5, 'M', '虧'),
+    (0x2F9B6, 'M', '虩'),
+    (0x2F9B7, 'M', '蚩'),
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+    (0x2F9BC, 'M', '蜨'),
+    (0x2F9BD, 'M', '蝫'),
+    (0x2F9BE, 'M', '螆'),
+    (0x2F9BF, 'X'),
+    (0x2F9C0, 'M', '蟡'),
+    (0x2F9C1, 'M', '蠁'),
+    (0x2F9C2, 'M', '䗹'),
+    (0x2F9C3, 'M', '衠'),
+    (0x2F9C4, 'M', '衣'),
+    (0x2F9C5, 'M', '𧙧'),
+    (0x2F9C6, 'M', '裗'),
+    (0x2F9C7, 'M', '裞'),
+    (0x2F9C8, 'M', '䘵'),
+    (0x2F9C9, 'M', '裺'),
+    (0x2F9CA, 'M', '㒻'),
+    (0x2F9CB, 'M', '𧢮'),
+    (0x2F9CC, 'M', '𧥦'),
+    (0x2F9CD, 'M', '䚾'),
+    (0x2F9CE, 'M', '䛇'),
+    (0x2F9CF, 'M', '誠'),
+    (0x2F9D0, 'M', '諭'),
+    (0x2F9D1, 'M', '變'),
+    (0x2F9D2, 'M', '豕'),
+    (0x2F9D3, 'M', '𧲨'),
+    (0x2F9D4, 'M', '貫'),
+    (0x2F9D5, 'M', '賁'),
+    (0x2F9D6, 'M', '贛'),
+    (0x2F9D7, 'M', '起'),
+    (0x2F9D8, 'M', '𧼯'),
+    (0x2F9D9, 'M', '𠠄'),
+    (0x2F9DA, 'M', '跋'),
+    (0x2F9DB, 'M', '趼'),
+    (0x2F9DC, 'M', '跰'),
+    (0x2F9DD, 'M', '𠣞'),
+    (0x2F9DE, 'M', '軔'),
+    (0x2F9DF, 'M', '輸'),
+    (0x2F9E0, 'M', '𨗒'),
+    (0x2F9E1, 'M', '𨗭'),
+    (0x2F9E2, 'M', '邔'),
+    (0x2F9E3, 'M', '郱'),
+    (0x2F9E4, 'M', '鄑'),
+    (0x2F9E5, 'M', '𨜮'),
+    (0x2F9E6, 'M', '鄛'),
+    (0x2F9E7, 'M', '鈸'),
+    (0x2F9E8, 'M', '鋗'),
+    (0x2F9E9, 'M', '鋘'),
+    (0x2F9EA, 'M', '鉼'),
+    (0x2F9EB, 'M', '鏹'),
+    (0x2F9EC, 'M', '鐕'),
+    (0x2F9ED, 'M', '𨯺'),
+    (0x2F9EE, 'M', '開'),
+    (0x2F9EF, 'M', '䦕'),
+    (0x2F9F0, 'M', '閷'),
+    (0x2F9F1, 'M', '𨵷'),
+    ]
+
+def _seg_79():
+    # type: () -> List[Union[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[int, str, str]]]
+    return [
+    (0x2F9F2, 'M', '䧦'),
+    (0x2F9F3, 'M', '雃'),
+    (0x2F9F4, 'M', '嶲'),
+    (0x2F9F5, 'M', '霣'),
+    (0x2F9F6, 'M', '𩅅'),
+    (0x2F9F7, 'M', '𩈚'),
+    (0x2F9F8, 'M', '䩮'),
+    (0x2F9F9, 'M', '䩶'),
+    (0x2F9FA, 'M', '韠'),
+    (0x2F9FB, 'M', '𩐊'),
+    (0x2F9FC, 'M', '䪲'),
+    (0x2F9FD, 'M', '𩒖'),
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+    (0x2FA04, 'M', '餩'),
+    (0x2FA05, 'M', '馧'),
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+    (0x2FA07, 'M', '駾'),
+    (0x2FA08, 'M', '䯎'),
+    (0x2FA09, 'M', '𩬰'),
+    (0x2FA0A, 'M', '鬒'),
+    (0x2FA0B, 'M', '鱀'),
+    (0x2FA0C, 'M', '鳽'),
+    (0x2FA0D, 'M', '䳎'),
+    (0x2FA0E, 'M', '䳭'),
+    (0x2FA0F, 'M', '鵧'),
+    (0x2FA10, 'M', '𪃎'),
+    (0x2FA11, 'M', '䳸'),
+    (0x2FA12, 'M', '𪄅'),
+    (0x2FA13, 'M', '𪈎'),
+    (0x2FA14, 'M', '𪊑'),
+    (0x2FA15, 'M', '麻'),
+    (0x2FA16, 'M', '䵖'),
+    (0x2FA17, 'M', '黹'),
+    (0x2FA18, 'M', '黾'),
+    (0x2FA19, 'M', '鼅'),
+    (0x2FA1A, 'M', '鼏'),
+    (0x2FA1B, 'M', '鼖'),
+    (0x2FA1C, 'M', '鼻'),
+    (0x2FA1D, 'M', '𪘀'),
+    (0x2FA1E, 'X'),
+    (0x30000, 'V'),
+    (0x3134B, 'X'),
+    (0xE0100, 'I'),
+    (0xE01F0, 'X'),
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+    + _seg_3()
+    + _seg_4()
+    + _seg_5()
+    + _seg_6()
+    + _seg_7()
+    + _seg_8()
+    + _seg_9()
+    + _seg_10()
+    + _seg_11()
+    + _seg_12()
+    + _seg_13()
+    + _seg_14()
+    + _seg_15()
+    + _seg_16()
+    + _seg_17()
+    + _seg_18()
+    + _seg_19()
+    + _seg_20()
+    + _seg_21()
+    + _seg_22()
+    + _seg_23()
+    + _seg_24()
+    + _seg_25()
+    + _seg_26()
+    + _seg_27()
+    + _seg_28()
+    + _seg_29()
+    + _seg_30()
+    + _seg_31()
+    + _seg_32()
+    + _seg_33()
+    + _seg_34()
+    + _seg_35()
+    + _seg_36()
+    + _seg_37()
+    + _seg_38()
+    + _seg_39()
+    + _seg_40()
+    + _seg_41()
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+    + _seg_43()
+    + _seg_44()
+    + _seg_45()
+    + _seg_46()
+    + _seg_47()
+    + _seg_48()
+    + _seg_49()
+    + _seg_50()
+    + _seg_51()
+    + _seg_52()
+    + _seg_53()
+    + _seg_54()
+    + _seg_55()
+    + _seg_56()
+    + _seg_57()
+    + _seg_58()
+    + _seg_59()
+    + _seg_60()
+    + _seg_61()
+    + _seg_62()
+    + _seg_63()
+    + _seg_64()
+    + _seg_65()
+    + _seg_66()
+    + _seg_67()
+    + _seg_68()
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+    + _seg_70()
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+    + _seg_72()
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+)  # type: Tuple[Union[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[int, str, str]], ...]
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/__init__.py b/packages/rfc3986/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a052299c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Rackspace
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+An implementation of semantics and validations described in RFC 3986.
+
+See http://rfc3986.readthedocs.io/ for detailed documentation.
+
+:copyright: (c) 2014 Rackspace
+:license: Apache v2.0, see LICENSE for details
+"""
+
+from .api import iri_reference
+from .api import IRIReference
+from .api import is_valid_uri
+from .api import normalize_uri
+from .api import uri_reference
+from .api import URIReference
+from .api import urlparse
+from .parseresult import ParseResult
+
+__title__ = "rfc3986"
+__author__ = "Ian Stapleton Cordasco"
+__author_email__ = "graffatcolmingov@gmail.com"
+__license__ = "Apache v2.0"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright 2014 Rackspace; 2016 Ian Stapleton Cordasco"
+__version__ = "1.5.0"
+
+__all__ = (
+    "ParseResult",
+    "URIReference",
+    "IRIReference",
+    "is_valid_uri",
+    "normalize_uri",
+    "uri_reference",
+    "iri_reference",
+    "urlparse",
+    "__title__",
+    "__author__",
+    "__author_email__",
+    "__license__",
+    "__copyright__",
+    "__version__",
+)
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/_mixin.py b/packages/rfc3986/_mixin.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46e200e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/_mixin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+"""Module containing the implementation of the URIMixin class."""
+import warnings
+
+from . import exceptions as exc
+from . import misc
+from . import normalizers
+from . import validators
+
+
+class URIMixin(object):
+    """Mixin with all shared methods for URIs and IRIs."""
+
+    __hash__ = tuple.__hash__
+
+    def authority_info(self):
+        """Return a dictionary with the ``userinfo``, ``host``, and ``port``.
+
+        If the authority is not valid, it will raise a
+        :class:`~rfc3986.exceptions.InvalidAuthority` Exception.
+
+        :returns:
+            ``{'userinfo': 'username:password', 'host': 'www.example.com',
+            'port': '80'}``
+        :rtype: dict
+        :raises rfc3986.exceptions.InvalidAuthority:
+            If the authority is not ``None`` and can not be parsed.
+        """
+        if not self.authority:
+            return {"userinfo": None, "host": None, "port": None}
+
+        match = self._match_subauthority()
+
+        if match is None:
+            # In this case, we have an authority that was parsed from the URI
+            # Reference, but it cannot be further parsed by our
+            # misc.SUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER. In this case it must not be a valid
+            # authority.
+            raise exc.InvalidAuthority(self.authority.encode(self.encoding))
+
+        # We had a match, now let's ensure that it is actually a valid host
+        # address if it is IPv4
+        matches = match.groupdict()
+        host = matches.get("host")
+
+        if (
+            host
+            and misc.IPv4_MATCHER.match(host)
+            and not validators.valid_ipv4_host_address(host)
+        ):
+            # If we have a host, it appears to be IPv4 and it does not have
+            # valid bytes, it is an InvalidAuthority.
+            raise exc.InvalidAuthority(self.authority.encode(self.encoding))
+
+        return matches
+
+    def _match_subauthority(self):
+        return misc.SUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER.match(self.authority)
+
+    @property
+    def host(self):
+        """If present, a string representing the host."""
+        try:
+            authority = self.authority_info()
+        except exc.InvalidAuthority:
+            return None
+        return authority["host"]
+
+    @property
+    def port(self):
+        """If present, the port extracted from the authority."""
+        try:
+            authority = self.authority_info()
+        except exc.InvalidAuthority:
+            return None
+        return authority["port"]
+
+    @property
+    def userinfo(self):
+        """If present, the userinfo extracted from the authority."""
+        try:
+            authority = self.authority_info()
+        except exc.InvalidAuthority:
+            return None
+        return authority["userinfo"]
+
+    def is_absolute(self):
+        """Determine if this URI Reference is an absolute URI.
+
+        See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-4.3 for explanation.
+
+        :returns: ``True`` if it is an absolute URI, ``False`` otherwise.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        return bool(misc.ABSOLUTE_URI_MATCHER.match(self.unsplit()))
+
+    def is_valid(self, **kwargs):
+        """Determine if the URI is valid.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.1.0
+
+            Use the :class:`~rfc3986.validators.Validator` object instead.
+
+        :param bool require_scheme: Set to ``True`` if you wish to require the
+            presence of the scheme component.
+        :param bool require_authority: Set to ``True`` if you wish to require
+            the presence of the authority component.
+        :param bool require_path: Set to ``True`` if you wish to require the
+            presence of the path component.
+        :param bool require_query: Set to ``True`` if you wish to require the
+            presence of the query component.
+        :param bool require_fragment: Set to ``True`` if you wish to require
+            the presence of the fragment component.
+        :returns: ``True`` if the URI is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        validators = [
+            (self.scheme_is_valid, kwargs.get("require_scheme", False)),
+            (self.authority_is_valid, kwargs.get("require_authority", False)),
+            (self.path_is_valid, kwargs.get("require_path", False)),
+            (self.query_is_valid, kwargs.get("require_query", False)),
+            (self.fragment_is_valid, kwargs.get("require_fragment", False)),
+        ]
+        return all(v(r) for v, r in validators)
+
+    def authority_is_valid(self, require=False):
+        """Determine if the authority component is valid.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.1.0
+
+            Use the :class:`~rfc3986.validators.Validator` object instead.
+
+        :param bool require:
+            Set to ``True`` to require the presence of this component.
+        :returns:
+            ``True`` if the authority is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
+        :rtype:
+            bool
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        try:
+            self.authority_info()
+        except exc.InvalidAuthority:
+            return False
+
+        return validators.authority_is_valid(
+            self.authority,
+            host=self.host,
+            require=require,
+        )
+
+    def scheme_is_valid(self, require=False):
+        """Determine if the scheme component is valid.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.1.0
+
+            Use the :class:`~rfc3986.validators.Validator` object instead.
+
+        :param str require: Set to ``True`` to require the presence of this
+            component.
+        :returns: ``True`` if the scheme is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return validators.scheme_is_valid(self.scheme, require)
+
+    def path_is_valid(self, require=False):
+        """Determine if the path component is valid.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.1.0
+
+            Use the :class:`~rfc3986.validators.Validator` object instead.
+
+        :param str require: Set to ``True`` to require the presence of this
+            component.
+        :returns: ``True`` if the path is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return validators.path_is_valid(self.path, require)
+
+    def query_is_valid(self, require=False):
+        """Determine if the query component is valid.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.1.0
+
+            Use the :class:`~rfc3986.validators.Validator` object instead.
+
+        :param str require: Set to ``True`` to require the presence of this
+            component.
+        :returns: ``True`` if the query is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return validators.query_is_valid(self.query, require)
+
+    def fragment_is_valid(self, require=False):
+        """Determine if the fragment component is valid.
+
+        .. deprecated:: 1.1.0
+
+            Use the Validator object instead.
+
+        :param str require: Set to ``True`` to require the presence of this
+            component.
+        :returns: ``True`` if the fragment is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Please use rfc3986.validators.Validator instead. "
+            "This method will be eventually removed.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return validators.fragment_is_valid(self.fragment, require)
+
+    def normalized_equality(self, other_ref):
+        """Compare this URIReference to another URIReference.
+
+        :param URIReference other_ref: (required), The reference with which
+            we're comparing.
+        :returns: ``True`` if the references are equal, ``False`` otherwise.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        return tuple(self.normalize()) == tuple(other_ref.normalize())
+
+    def resolve_with(self, base_uri, strict=False):
+        """Use an absolute URI Reference to resolve this relative reference.
+
+        Assuming this is a relative reference that you would like to resolve,
+        use the provided base URI to resolve it.
+
+        See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5 for more information.
+
+        :param base_uri: Either a string or URIReference. It must be an
+            absolute URI or it will raise an exception.
+        :returns: A new URIReference which is the result of resolving this
+            reference using ``base_uri``.
+        :rtype: :class:`URIReference`
+        :raises rfc3986.exceptions.ResolutionError:
+            If the ``base_uri`` is not an absolute URI.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(base_uri, URIMixin):
+            base_uri = type(self).from_string(base_uri)
+
+        if not base_uri.is_absolute():
+            raise exc.ResolutionError(base_uri)
+
+        # This is optional per
+        # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.1
+        base_uri = base_uri.normalize()
+
+        # The reference we're resolving
+        resolving = self
+
+        if not strict and resolving.scheme == base_uri.scheme:
+            resolving = resolving.copy_with(scheme=None)
+
+        # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#page-32
+        if resolving.scheme is not None:
+            target = resolving.copy_with(
+                path=normalizers.normalize_path(resolving.path)
+            )
+        else:
+            if resolving.authority is not None:
+                target = resolving.copy_with(
+                    scheme=base_uri.scheme,
+                    path=normalizers.normalize_path(resolving.path),
+                )
+            else:
+                if resolving.path is None:
+                    if resolving.query is not None:
+                        query = resolving.query
+                    else:
+                        query = base_uri.query
+                    target = resolving.copy_with(
+                        scheme=base_uri.scheme,
+                        authority=base_uri.authority,
+                        path=base_uri.path,
+                        query=query,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    if resolving.path.startswith("/"):
+                        path = normalizers.normalize_path(resolving.path)
+                    else:
+                        path = normalizers.normalize_path(
+                            misc.merge_paths(base_uri, resolving.path)
+                        )
+                    target = resolving.copy_with(
+                        scheme=base_uri.scheme,
+                        authority=base_uri.authority,
+                        path=path,
+                        query=resolving.query,
+                    )
+        return target
+
+    def unsplit(self):
+        """Create a URI string from the components.
+
+        :returns: The URI Reference reconstituted as a string.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.3
+        result_list = []
+        if self.scheme:
+            result_list.extend([self.scheme, ":"])
+        if self.authority:
+            result_list.extend(["//", self.authority])
+        if self.path:
+            result_list.append(self.path)
+        if self.query is not None:
+            result_list.extend(["?", self.query])
+        if self.fragment is not None:
+            result_list.extend(["#", self.fragment])
+        return "".join(result_list)
+
+    def copy_with(
+        self,
+        scheme=misc.UseExisting,
+        authority=misc.UseExisting,
+        path=misc.UseExisting,
+        query=misc.UseExisting,
+        fragment=misc.UseExisting,
+    ):
+        """Create a copy of this reference with the new components.
+
+        :param str scheme:
+            (optional) The scheme to use for the new reference.
+        :param str authority:
+            (optional) The authority to use for the new reference.
+        :param str path:
+            (optional) The path to use for the new reference.
+        :param str query:
+            (optional) The query to use for the new reference.
+        :param str fragment:
+            (optional) The fragment to use for the new reference.
+        :returns:
+            New URIReference with provided components.
+        :rtype:
+            URIReference
+        """
+        attributes = {
+            "scheme": scheme,
+            "authority": authority,
+            "path": path,
+            "query": query,
+            "fragment": fragment,
+        }
+        for key, value in list(attributes.items()):
+            if value is misc.UseExisting:
+                del attributes[key]
+        uri = self._replace(**attributes)
+        uri.encoding = self.encoding
+        return uri
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/abnf_regexp.py b/packages/rfc3986/abnf_regexp.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a2e7ee7ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/abnf_regexp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Module for the regular expressions crafted from ABNF."""
+
+import sys
+
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#page-13
+GEN_DELIMS = GENERIC_DELIMITERS = ":/?#[]@"
+GENERIC_DELIMITERS_SET = set(GENERIC_DELIMITERS)
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#page-13
+SUB_DELIMS = SUB_DELIMITERS = "!$&'()*+,;="
+SUB_DELIMITERS_SET = set(SUB_DELIMITERS)
+# Escape the '*' for use in regular expressions
+SUB_DELIMITERS_RE = r"!$&'()\*+,;="
+RESERVED_CHARS_SET = GENERIC_DELIMITERS_SET.union(SUB_DELIMITERS_SET)
+ALPHA = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+DIGIT = "0123456789"
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.3
+UNRESERVED = UNRESERVED_CHARS = ALPHA + DIGIT + r"._!-~"
+UNRESERVED_CHARS_SET = set(UNRESERVED_CHARS)
+NON_PCT_ENCODED_SET = RESERVED_CHARS_SET.union(UNRESERVED_CHARS_SET)
+# We need to escape the '-' in this case:
+UNRESERVED_RE = r"A-Za-z0-9._~\-"
+
+# Percent encoded character values
+PERCENT_ENCODED = PCT_ENCODED = "%[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}"
+PCHAR = "([" + UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + ":@]|%s)" % PCT_ENCODED
+
+# NOTE(sigmavirus24): We're going to use more strict regular expressions
+# than appear in Appendix B for scheme. This will prevent over-eager
+# consuming of items that aren't schemes.
+SCHEME_RE = "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*"
+_AUTHORITY_RE = "[^\\\\/?#]*"
+_PATH_RE = "[^?#]*"
+_QUERY_RE = "[^#]*"
+_FRAGMENT_RE = ".*"
+
+# Extracted from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#appendix-B
+COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT = {
+    "scheme": SCHEME_RE,
+    "authority": _AUTHORITY_RE,
+    "path": _PATH_RE,
+    "query": _QUERY_RE,
+    "fragment": _FRAGMENT_RE,
+}
+
+# See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#appendix-B
+# In this case, we name each of the important matches so we can use
+# SRE_Match#groupdict to parse the values out if we so choose. This is also
+# modified to ignore other matches that are not important to the parsing of
+# the reference so we can also simply use SRE_Match#groups.
+URL_PARSING_RE = (
+    r"(?:(?P<scheme>{scheme}):)?(?://(?P<authority>{authority}))?"
+    r"(?P<path>{path})(?:\?(?P<query>{query}))?"
+    r"(?:#(?P<fragment>{fragment}))?"
+).format(**COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT)
+
+
+# #########################
+# Authority Matcher Section
+# #########################
+
+# Host patterns, see: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2
+# The pattern for a regular name, e.g.,  www.google.com, api.github.com
+REGULAR_NAME_RE = REG_NAME = "((?:{0}|[{1}])*)".format(
+    "%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}", SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + UNRESERVED_RE
+)
+# The pattern for an IPv4 address, e.g., 192.168.255.255, 127.0.0.1,
+IPv4_RE = r"([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}"
+# Hexadecimal characters used in each piece of an IPv6 address
+HEXDIG_RE = "[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}"
+# Least-significant 32 bits of an IPv6 address
+LS32_RE = "({hex}:{hex}|{ipv4})".format(hex=HEXDIG_RE, ipv4=IPv4_RE)
+# Substitutions into the following patterns for IPv6 patterns defined
+# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#page-20
+_subs = {"hex": HEXDIG_RE, "ls32": LS32_RE}
+
+# Below: h16 = hexdig, see: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234 for details
+# about ABNF (Augmented Backus-Naur Form) use in the comments
+variations = [
+    #                            6( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(%(hex)s:){6}%(ls32)s" % _subs,
+    #                       "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "::(%(hex)s:){5}%(ls32)s" % _subs,
+    # [               h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(%(hex)s)?::(%(hex)s:){4}%(ls32)s" % _subs,
+    # [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "((%(hex)s:)?%(hex)s)?::(%(hex)s:){3}%(ls32)s" % _subs,
+    # [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "((%(hex)s:){0,2}%(hex)s)?::(%(hex)s:){2}%(ls32)s" % _subs,
+    # [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"    h16 ":"   ls32
+    "((%(hex)s:){0,3}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s:%(ls32)s" % _subs,
+    # [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              ls32
+    "((%(hex)s:){0,4}%(hex)s)?::%(ls32)s" % _subs,
+    # [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              h16
+    "((%(hex)s:){0,5}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s" % _subs,
+    # [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"
+    "((%(hex)s:){0,6}%(hex)s)?::" % _subs,
+]
+
+IPv6_RE = "(({0})|({1})|({2})|({3})|({4})|({5})|({6})|({7})|({8}))".format(
+    *variations
+)
+
+IPv_FUTURE_RE = r"v[0-9A-Fa-f]+\.[%s]+" % (
+    UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + ":"
+)
+
+# RFC 6874 Zone ID ABNF
+ZONE_ID = "(?:[" + UNRESERVED_RE + "]|" + PCT_ENCODED + ")+"
+
+IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE = IPv6_RE + "(?:(?:%25|%)" + ZONE_ID + ")?"
+IPv6_ADDRZ_RE = IPv6_RE + "(?:%25" + ZONE_ID + ")?"
+
+IP_LITERAL_RE = r"\[({0}|{1})\]".format(
+    IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE,
+    IPv_FUTURE_RE,
+)
+
+# Pattern for matching the host piece of the authority
+HOST_RE = HOST_PATTERN = "({0}|{1}|{2})".format(
+    REG_NAME,
+    IPv4_RE,
+    IP_LITERAL_RE,
+)
+USERINFO_RE = (
+    "^([" + UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + ":]|%s)+" % (PCT_ENCODED)
+)
+PORT_RE = "[0-9]{1,5}"
+
+# ####################
+# Path Matcher Section
+# ####################
+
+# See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.3 for more information
+# about the path patterns defined below.
+segments = {
+    "segment": PCHAR + "*",
+    # Non-zero length segment
+    "segment-nz": PCHAR + "+",
+    # Non-zero length segment without ":"
+    "segment-nz-nc": PCHAR.replace(":", "") + "+",
+}
+
+# Path types taken from Section 3.3 (linked above)
+PATH_EMPTY = "^$"
+PATH_ROOTLESS = "%(segment-nz)s(/%(segment)s)*" % segments
+PATH_NOSCHEME = "%(segment-nz-nc)s(/%(segment)s)*" % segments
+PATH_ABSOLUTE = "/(%s)?" % PATH_ROOTLESS
+PATH_ABEMPTY = "(/%(segment)s)*" % segments
+PATH_RE = "^(%s|%s|%s|%s|%s)$" % (
+    PATH_ABEMPTY,
+    PATH_ABSOLUTE,
+    PATH_NOSCHEME,
+    PATH_ROOTLESS,
+    PATH_EMPTY,
+)
+
+FRAGMENT_RE = QUERY_RE = (
+    "^([/?:@" + UNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + "]|%s)*$" % PCT_ENCODED
+)
+
+# ##########################
+# Relative reference matcher
+# ##########################
+
+# See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-4.2 for details
+RELATIVE_PART_RE = "(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)" % (
+    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT["authority"],
+    PATH_ABEMPTY,
+    PATH_ABSOLUTE,
+    PATH_NOSCHEME,
+    PATH_EMPTY,
+)
+
+# See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3 for definition
+HIER_PART_RE = "(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)" % (
+    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT["authority"],
+    PATH_ABEMPTY,
+    PATH_ABSOLUTE,
+    PATH_ROOTLESS,
+    PATH_EMPTY,
+)
+
+# ###############
+# IRIs / RFC 3987
+# ###############
+
+# Only wide-unicode gets the high-ranges of UCSCHAR
+if sys.maxunicode > 0xFFFF:  # pragma: no cover
+    IPRIVATE = u"\uE000-\uF8FF\U000F0000-\U000FFFFD\U00100000-\U0010FFFD"
+    UCSCHAR_RE = (
+        u"\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF"
+        u"\U00010000-\U0001FFFD\U00020000-\U0002FFFD"
+        u"\U00030000-\U0003FFFD\U00040000-\U0004FFFD"
+        u"\U00050000-\U0005FFFD\U00060000-\U0006FFFD"
+        u"\U00070000-\U0007FFFD\U00080000-\U0008FFFD"
+        u"\U00090000-\U0009FFFD\U000A0000-\U000AFFFD"
+        u"\U000B0000-\U000BFFFD\U000C0000-\U000CFFFD"
+        u"\U000D0000-\U000DFFFD\U000E1000-\U000EFFFD"
+    )
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    IPRIVATE = u"\uE000-\uF8FF"
+    UCSCHAR_RE = u"\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF"
+
+IUNRESERVED_RE = u"A-Za-z0-9\\._~\\-" + UCSCHAR_RE
+IPCHAR = u"([" + IUNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + u":@]|%s)" % PCT_ENCODED
+
+isegments = {
+    "isegment": IPCHAR + u"*",
+    # Non-zero length segment
+    "isegment-nz": IPCHAR + u"+",
+    # Non-zero length segment without ":"
+    "isegment-nz-nc": IPCHAR.replace(":", "") + u"+",
+}
+
+IPATH_ROOTLESS = u"%(isegment-nz)s(/%(isegment)s)*" % isegments
+IPATH_NOSCHEME = u"%(isegment-nz-nc)s(/%(isegment)s)*" % isegments
+IPATH_ABSOLUTE = u"/(?:%s)?" % IPATH_ROOTLESS
+IPATH_ABEMPTY = u"(?:/%(isegment)s)*" % isegments
+IPATH_RE = u"^(?:%s|%s|%s|%s|%s)$" % (
+    IPATH_ABEMPTY,
+    IPATH_ABSOLUTE,
+    IPATH_NOSCHEME,
+    IPATH_ROOTLESS,
+    PATH_EMPTY,
+)
+
+IREGULAR_NAME_RE = IREG_NAME = u"(?:{0}|[{1}])*".format(
+    u"%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}", SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + IUNRESERVED_RE
+)
+
+IHOST_RE = IHOST_PATTERN = u"({0}|{1}|{2})".format(
+    IREG_NAME,
+    IPv4_RE,
+    IP_LITERAL_RE,
+)
+
+IUSERINFO_RE = (
+    u"^(?:[" + IUNRESERVED_RE + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE + u":]|%s)+" % (PCT_ENCODED)
+)
+
+IFRAGMENT_RE = (
+    u"^(?:[/?:@"
+    + IUNRESERVED_RE
+    + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE
+    + u"]|%s)*$" % PCT_ENCODED
+)
+IQUERY_RE = (
+    u"^(?:[/?:@"
+    + IUNRESERVED_RE
+    + SUB_DELIMITERS_RE
+    + IPRIVATE
+    + u"]|%s)*$" % PCT_ENCODED
+)
+
+IRELATIVE_PART_RE = u"(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)" % (
+    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT["authority"],
+    IPATH_ABEMPTY,
+    IPATH_ABSOLUTE,
+    IPATH_NOSCHEME,
+    PATH_EMPTY,
+)
+
+IHIER_PART_RE = u"(//%s%s|%s|%s|%s)" % (
+    COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT["authority"],
+    IPATH_ABEMPTY,
+    IPATH_ABSOLUTE,
+    IPATH_ROOTLESS,
+    PATH_EMPTY,
+)
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/api.py b/packages/rfc3986/api.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e098b34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Rackspace
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+Module containing the simple and functional API for rfc3986.
+
+This module defines functions and provides access to the public attributes
+and classes of rfc3986.
+"""
+
+from .iri import IRIReference
+from .parseresult import ParseResult
+from .uri import URIReference
+
+
+def uri_reference(uri, encoding="utf-8"):
+    """Parse a URI string into a URIReference.
+
+    This is a convenience function. You could achieve the same end by using
+    ``URIReference.from_string(uri)``.
+
+    :param str uri: The URI which needs to be parsed into a reference.
+    :param str encoding: The encoding of the string provided
+    :returns: A parsed URI
+    :rtype: :class:`URIReference`
+    """
+    return URIReference.from_string(uri, encoding)
+
+
+def iri_reference(iri, encoding="utf-8"):
+    """Parse a IRI string into an IRIReference.
+
+    This is a convenience function. You could achieve the same end by using
+    ``IRIReference.from_string(iri)``.
+
+    :param str iri: The IRI which needs to be parsed into a reference.
+    :param str encoding: The encoding of the string provided
+    :returns: A parsed IRI
+    :rtype: :class:`IRIReference`
+    """
+    return IRIReference.from_string(iri, encoding)
+
+
+def is_valid_uri(uri, encoding="utf-8", **kwargs):
+    """Determine if the URI given is valid.
+
+    This is a convenience function. You could use either
+    ``uri_reference(uri).is_valid()`` or
+    ``URIReference.from_string(uri).is_valid()`` to achieve the same result.
+
+    :param str uri: The URI to be validated.
+    :param str encoding: The encoding of the string provided
+    :param bool require_scheme: Set to ``True`` if you wish to require the
+        presence of the scheme component.
+    :param bool require_authority: Set to ``True`` if you wish to require the
+        presence of the authority component.
+    :param bool require_path: Set to ``True`` if you wish to require the
+        presence of the path component.
+    :param bool require_query: Set to ``True`` if you wish to require the
+        presence of the query component.
+    :param bool require_fragment: Set to ``True`` if you wish to require the
+        presence of the fragment component.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the URI is valid, ``False`` otherwise.
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    return URIReference.from_string(uri, encoding).is_valid(**kwargs)
+
+
+def normalize_uri(uri, encoding="utf-8"):
+    """Normalize the given URI.
+
+    This is a convenience function. You could use either
+    ``uri_reference(uri).normalize().unsplit()`` or
+    ``URIReference.from_string(uri).normalize().unsplit()`` instead.
+
+    :param str uri: The URI to be normalized.
+    :param str encoding: The encoding of the string provided
+    :returns: The normalized URI.
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    normalized_reference = URIReference.from_string(uri, encoding).normalize()
+    return normalized_reference.unsplit()
+
+
+def urlparse(uri, encoding="utf-8"):
+    """Parse a given URI and return a ParseResult.
+
+    This is a partial replacement of the standard library's urlparse function.
+
+    :param str uri: The URI to be parsed.
+    :param str encoding: The encoding of the string provided.
+    :returns: A parsed URI
+    :rtype: :class:`~rfc3986.parseresult.ParseResult`
+    """
+    return ParseResult.from_string(uri, encoding, strict=False)
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/builder.py b/packages/rfc3986/builder.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fc178c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/builder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2017 Ian Stapleton Cordasco
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Module containing the logic for the URIBuilder object."""
+from . import compat
+from . import normalizers
+from . import uri
+from . import uri_reference
+
+
+class URIBuilder(object):
+    """Object to aid in building up a URI Reference from parts.
+
+    .. note::
+
+        This object should be instantiated by the user, but it's recommended
+        that it is not provided with arguments. Instead, use the available
+        method to populate the fields.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        scheme=None,
+        userinfo=None,
+        host=None,
+        port=None,
+        path=None,
+        query=None,
+        fragment=None,
+    ):
+        """Initialize our URI builder.
+
+        :param str scheme:
+            (optional)
+        :param str userinfo:
+            (optional)
+        :param str host:
+            (optional)
+        :param int port:
+            (optional)
+        :param str path:
+            (optional)
+        :param str query:
+            (optional)
+        :param str fragment:
+            (optional)
+        """
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        self.userinfo = userinfo
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.path = path
+        self.query = query
+        self.fragment = fragment
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Provide a convenient view of our builder object."""
+        formatstr = (
+            "URIBuilder(scheme={b.scheme}, userinfo={b.userinfo}, "
+            "host={b.host}, port={b.port}, path={b.path}, "
+            "query={b.query}, fragment={b.fragment})"
+        )
+        return formatstr.format(b=self)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_uri(cls, reference):
+        """Initialize the URI builder from another URI.
+
+        Takes the given URI reference and creates a new URI builder instance
+        populated with the values from the reference. If given a string it will
+        try to convert it to a reference before constructing the builder.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(reference, uri.URIReference):
+            reference = uri_reference(reference)
+        return cls(
+            scheme=reference.scheme,
+            userinfo=reference.userinfo,
+            host=reference.host,
+            port=reference.port,
+            path=reference.path,
+            query=reference.query,
+            fragment=reference.fragment,
+        )
+
+    def add_scheme(self, scheme):
+        """Add a scheme to our builder object.
+
+        After normalizing, this will generate a new URIBuilder instance with
+        the specified scheme and all other attributes the same.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_scheme('HTTPS')
+            URIBuilder(scheme='https', userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path=None, query=None, fragment=None)
+
+        """
+        scheme = normalizers.normalize_scheme(scheme)
+        return URIBuilder(
+            scheme=scheme,
+            userinfo=self.userinfo,
+            host=self.host,
+            port=self.port,
+            path=self.path,
+            query=self.query,
+            fragment=self.fragment,
+        )
+
+    def add_credentials(self, username, password):
+        """Add credentials as the userinfo portion of the URI.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_credentials('root', 's3crete')
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo='root:s3crete', host=None,
+                    port=None, path=None, query=None, fragment=None)
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_credentials('root', None)
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo='root', host=None,
+                    port=None, path=None, query=None, fragment=None)
+        """
+        if username is None:
+            raise ValueError("Username cannot be None")
+        userinfo = normalizers.normalize_username(username)
+
+        if password is not None:
+            userinfo = "{}:{}".format(
+                userinfo,
+                normalizers.normalize_password(password),
+            )
+
+        return URIBuilder(
+            scheme=self.scheme,
+            userinfo=userinfo,
+            host=self.host,
+            port=self.port,
+            path=self.path,
+            query=self.query,
+            fragment=self.fragment,
+        )
+
+    def add_host(self, host):
+        """Add hostname to the URI.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_host('google.com')
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host='google.com',
+                    port=None, path=None, query=None, fragment=None)
+
+        """
+        return URIBuilder(
+            scheme=self.scheme,
+            userinfo=self.userinfo,
+            host=normalizers.normalize_host(host),
+            port=self.port,
+            path=self.path,
+            query=self.query,
+            fragment=self.fragment,
+        )
+
+    def add_port(self, port):
+        """Add port to the URI.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_port(80)
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port='80',
+                    path=None, query=None, fragment=None)
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_port(443)
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port='443',
+                    path=None, query=None, fragment=None)
+
+        """
+        port_int = int(port)
+        if port_int < 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "ports are not allowed to be negative. You provided {}".format(
+                    port_int,
+                )
+            )
+        if port_int > 65535:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "ports are not allowed to be larger than 65535. "
+                "You provided {}".format(
+                    port_int,
+                )
+            )
+
+        return URIBuilder(
+            scheme=self.scheme,
+            userinfo=self.userinfo,
+            host=self.host,
+            port="{}".format(port_int),
+            path=self.path,
+            query=self.query,
+            fragment=self.fragment,
+        )
+
+    def add_path(self, path):
+        """Add a path to the URI.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_path('sigmavirus24/rfc3985')
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path='/sigmavirus24/rfc3986', query=None, fragment=None)
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_path('/checkout.php')
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path='/checkout.php', query=None, fragment=None)
+
+        """
+        if not path.startswith("/"):
+            path = "/{}".format(path)
+
+        return URIBuilder(
+            scheme=self.scheme,
+            userinfo=self.userinfo,
+            host=self.host,
+            port=self.port,
+            path=normalizers.normalize_path(path),
+            query=self.query,
+            fragment=self.fragment,
+        )
+
+    def extend_path(self, path):
+        """Extend the existing path value with the provided value.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder(path="/users").extend_path("/sigmavirus24")
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path='/users/sigmavirus24', query=None, fragment=None)
+
+            >>> URIBuilder(path="/users/").extend_path("/sigmavirus24")
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path='/users/sigmavirus24', query=None, fragment=None)
+
+            >>> URIBuilder(path="/users/").extend_path("sigmavirus24")
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path='/users/sigmavirus24', query=None, fragment=None)
+
+            >>> URIBuilder(path="/users").extend_path("sigmavirus24")
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path='/users/sigmavirus24', query=None, fragment=None)
+
+        """
+        existing_path = self.path or ""
+        path = "{}/{}".format(existing_path.rstrip("/"), path.lstrip("/"))
+
+        return self.add_path(path)
+
+    def add_query_from(self, query_items):
+        """Generate and add a query a dictionary or list of tuples.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_query_from({'a': 'b c'})
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path=None, query='a=b+c', fragment=None)
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_query_from([('a', 'b c')])
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path=None, query='a=b+c', fragment=None)
+
+        """
+        query = normalizers.normalize_query(compat.urlencode(query_items))
+
+        return URIBuilder(
+            scheme=self.scheme,
+            userinfo=self.userinfo,
+            host=self.host,
+            port=self.port,
+            path=self.path,
+            query=query,
+            fragment=self.fragment,
+        )
+
+    def extend_query_with(self, query_items):
+        """Extend the existing query string with the new query items.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder(query='a=b+c').extend_query_with({'a': 'b c'})
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path=None, query='a=b+c&a=b+c', fragment=None)
+
+            >>> URIBuilder(query='a=b+c').extend_query_with([('a', 'b c')])
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path=None, query='a=b+c&a=b+c', fragment=None)
+        """
+        original_query_items = compat.parse_qsl(self.query or "")
+        if not isinstance(query_items, list):
+            query_items = list(query_items.items())
+
+        return self.add_query_from(original_query_items + query_items)
+
+    def add_query(self, query):
+        """Add a pre-formated query string to the URI.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_query('a=b&c=d')
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path=None, query='a=b&c=d', fragment=None)
+
+        """
+        return URIBuilder(
+            scheme=self.scheme,
+            userinfo=self.userinfo,
+            host=self.host,
+            port=self.port,
+            path=self.path,
+            query=normalizers.normalize_query(query),
+            fragment=self.fragment,
+        )
+
+    def add_fragment(self, fragment):
+        """Add a fragment to the URI.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_fragment('section-2.6.1')
+            URIBuilder(scheme=None, userinfo=None, host=None, port=None,
+                    path=None, query=None, fragment='section-2.6.1')
+
+        """
+        return URIBuilder(
+            scheme=self.scheme,
+            userinfo=self.userinfo,
+            host=self.host,
+            port=self.port,
+            path=self.path,
+            query=self.query,
+            fragment=normalizers.normalize_fragment(fragment),
+        )
+
+    def finalize(self):
+        """Create a URIReference from our builder.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_scheme('https').add_host('github.com'
+            ...     ).add_path('sigmavirus24/rfc3986').finalize().unsplit()
+            'https://github.com/sigmavirus24/rfc3986'
+
+            >>> URIBuilder().add_scheme('https').add_host('github.com'
+            ...     ).add_path('sigmavirus24/rfc3986').add_credentials(
+            ...     'sigmavirus24', 'not-re@l').finalize().unsplit()
+            'https://sigmavirus24:not-re%40l@github.com/sigmavirus24/rfc3986'
+
+        """
+        return uri.URIReference(
+            self.scheme,
+            normalizers.normalize_authority(
+                (self.userinfo, self.host, self.port)
+            ),
+            self.path,
+            self.query,
+            self.fragment,
+        )
+
+    def geturl(self):
+        """Generate the URL from this builder.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.5.0
+
+        This is an alternative to calling :meth:`finalize` and keeping the
+        :class:`rfc3986.uri.URIReference` around.
+        """
+        return self.finalize().unsplit()
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/compat.py b/packages/rfc3986/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83e5c784b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Rackspace
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Compatibility module for Python 2 and 3 support."""
+import sys
+
+try:
+    from urllib.parse import quote as urlquote
+except ImportError:  # Python 2.x
+    from urllib import quote as urlquote
+
+try:
+    from urllib.parse import parse_qsl
+except ImportError:  # Python 2.x
+    from urlparse import parse_qsl
+
+try:
+    from urllib.parse import urlencode
+except ImportError:  # Python 2.x
+    from urllib import urlencode
+
+__all__ = (
+    "to_bytes",
+    "to_str",
+    "urlquote",
+    "urlencode",
+    "parse_qsl",
+)
+
+PY3 = (3, 0) <= sys.version_info < (4, 0)
+PY2 = (2, 6) <= sys.version_info < (2, 8)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    unicode = str  # Python 3.x
+
+
+def to_str(b, encoding="utf-8"):
+    """Ensure that b is text in the specified encoding."""
+    if hasattr(b, "decode") and not isinstance(b, unicode):
+        b = b.decode(encoding)
+    return b
+
+
+def to_bytes(s, encoding="utf-8"):
+    """Ensure that s is converted to bytes from the encoding."""
+    if hasattr(s, "encode") and not isinstance(s, bytes):
+        s = s.encode(encoding)
+    return s
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/exceptions.py b/packages/rfc3986/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b117bc9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Exceptions module for rfc3986."""
+
+from . import compat
+
+
+class RFC3986Exception(Exception):
+    """Base class for all rfc3986 exception classes."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidAuthority(RFC3986Exception):
+    """Exception when the authority string is invalid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, authority):
+        """Initialize the exception with the invalid authority."""
+        super(InvalidAuthority, self).__init__(
+            u"The authority ({0}) is not valid.".format(
+                compat.to_str(authority)
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidPort(RFC3986Exception):
+    """Exception when the port is invalid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, port):
+        """Initialize the exception with the invalid port."""
+        super(InvalidPort, self).__init__(
+            'The port ("{0}") is not valid.'.format(port)
+        )
+
+
+class ResolutionError(RFC3986Exception):
+    """Exception to indicate a failure to resolve a URI."""
+
+    def __init__(self, uri):
+        """Initialize the error with the failed URI."""
+        super(ResolutionError, self).__init__(
+            "{0} is not an absolute URI.".format(uri.unsplit())
+        )
+
+
+class ValidationError(RFC3986Exception):
+    """Exception raised during Validation of a URI."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class MissingComponentError(ValidationError):
+    """Exception raised when a required component is missing."""
+
+    def __init__(self, uri, *component_names):
+        """Initialize the error with the missing component name."""
+        verb = "was"
+        if len(component_names) > 1:
+            verb = "were"
+
+        self.uri = uri
+        self.components = sorted(component_names)
+        components = ", ".join(self.components)
+        super(MissingComponentError, self).__init__(
+            "{} {} required but missing".format(components, verb),
+            uri,
+            self.components,
+        )
+
+
+class UnpermittedComponentError(ValidationError):
+    """Exception raised when a component has an unpermitted value."""
+
+    def __init__(self, component_name, component_value, allowed_values):
+        """Initialize the error with the unpermitted component."""
+        super(UnpermittedComponentError, self).__init__(
+            "{} was required to be one of {!r} but was {!r}".format(
+                component_name,
+                list(sorted(allowed_values)),
+                component_value,
+            ),
+            component_name,
+            component_value,
+            allowed_values,
+        )
+        self.component_name = component_name
+        self.component_value = component_value
+        self.allowed_values = allowed_values
+
+
+class PasswordForbidden(ValidationError):
+    """Exception raised when a URL has a password in the userinfo section."""
+
+    def __init__(self, uri):
+        """Initialize the error with the URI that failed validation."""
+        unsplit = getattr(uri, "unsplit", lambda: uri)
+        super(PasswordForbidden, self).__init__(
+            '"{}" contained a password when validation forbade it'.format(
+                unsplit()
+            )
+        )
+        self.uri = uri
+
+
+class InvalidComponentsError(ValidationError):
+    """Exception raised when one or more components are invalid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, uri, *component_names):
+        """Initialize the error with the invalid component name(s)."""
+        verb = "was"
+        if len(component_names) > 1:
+            verb = "were"
+
+        self.uri = uri
+        self.components = sorted(component_names)
+        components = ", ".join(self.components)
+        super(InvalidComponentsError, self).__init__(
+            "{} {} found to be invalid".format(components, verb),
+            uri,
+            self.components,
+        )
+
+
+class MissingDependencyError(RFC3986Exception):
+    """Exception raised when an IRI is encoded without the 'idna' module."""
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/iri.py b/packages/rfc3986/iri.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..540aa7bc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/iri.py
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+"""Module containing the implementation of the IRIReference class."""
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Rackspace
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Ian Stapleton Cordasco
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from . import compat
+from . import exceptions
+from . import misc
+from . import normalizers
+from . import uri
+
+
+try:
+    import idna
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    idna = None
+
+
+class IRIReference(
+    namedtuple("IRIReference", misc.URI_COMPONENTS), uri.URIMixin
+):
+    """Immutable object representing a parsed IRI Reference.
+
+    Can be encoded into an URIReference object via the procedure
+    specified in RFC 3987 Section 3.1
+
+     .. note::
+        The IRI submodule is a new interface and may possibly change in
+        the future. Check for changes to the interface when upgrading.
+    """
+
+    slots = ()
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment, encoding="utf-8"
+    ):
+        """Create a new IRIReference."""
+        ref = super(IRIReference, cls).__new__(
+            cls,
+            scheme or None,
+            authority or None,
+            path or None,
+            query,
+            fragment,
+        )
+        ref.encoding = encoding
+        return ref
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Compare this reference to another."""
+        other_ref = other
+        if isinstance(other, tuple):
+            other_ref = self.__class__(*other)
+        elif not isinstance(other, IRIReference):
+            try:
+                other_ref = self.__class__.from_string(other)
+            except TypeError:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Unable to compare {0}() to {1}()".format(
+                        type(self).__name__, type(other).__name__
+                    )
+                )
+
+        # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2
+        return tuple(self) == tuple(other_ref)
+
+    def _match_subauthority(self):
+        return misc.ISUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER.match(self.authority)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_string(cls, iri_string, encoding="utf-8"):
+        """Parse a IRI reference from the given unicode IRI string.
+
+        :param str iri_string: Unicode IRI to be parsed into a reference.
+        :param str encoding: The encoding of the string provided
+        :returns: :class:`IRIReference` or subclass thereof
+        """
+        iri_string = compat.to_str(iri_string, encoding)
+
+        split_iri = misc.IRI_MATCHER.match(iri_string).groupdict()
+        return cls(
+            split_iri["scheme"],
+            split_iri["authority"],
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_iri["path"], encoding),
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_iri["query"], encoding),
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_iri["fragment"], encoding),
+            encoding,
+        )
+
+    def encode(self, idna_encoder=None):  # noqa: C901
+        """Encode an IRIReference into a URIReference instance.
+
+        If the ``idna`` module is installed or the ``rfc3986[idna]``
+        extra is used then unicode characters in the IRI host
+        component will be encoded with IDNA2008.
+
+        :param idna_encoder:
+            Function that encodes each part of the host component
+            If not given will raise an exception if the IRI
+            contains a host component.
+        :rtype: uri.URIReference
+        :returns: A URI reference
+        """
+        authority = self.authority
+        if authority:
+            if idna_encoder is None:
+                if idna is None:  # pragma: no cover
+                    raise exceptions.MissingDependencyError(
+                        "Could not import the 'idna' module "
+                        "and the IRI hostname requires encoding"
+                    )
+
+                def idna_encoder(name):
+                    if any(ord(c) > 128 for c in name):
+                        try:
+                            return idna.encode(
+                                name.lower(), strict=True, std3_rules=True
+                            )
+                        except idna.IDNAError:
+                            raise exceptions.InvalidAuthority(self.authority)
+                    return name
+
+            authority = ""
+            if self.host:
+                authority = ".".join(
+                    [
+                        compat.to_str(idna_encoder(part))
+                        for part in self.host.split(".")
+                    ]
+                )
+
+            if self.userinfo is not None:
+                authority = (
+                    normalizers.encode_component(self.userinfo, self.encoding)
+                    + "@"
+                    + authority
+                )
+
+            if self.port is not None:
+                authority += ":" + str(self.port)
+
+        return uri.URIReference(
+            self.scheme,
+            authority,
+            path=self.path,
+            query=self.query,
+            fragment=self.fragment,
+            encoding=self.encoding,
+        )
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/misc.py b/packages/rfc3986/misc.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..338b18794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/misc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Rackspace
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+Module containing compiled regular expressions and constants.
+
+This module contains important constants, patterns, and compiled regular
+expressions for parsing and validating URIs and their components.
+"""
+
+import re
+
+from . import abnf_regexp
+
+# These are enumerated for the named tuple used as a superclass of
+# URIReference
+URI_COMPONENTS = ["scheme", "authority", "path", "query", "fragment"]
+
+important_characters = {
+    "generic_delimiters": abnf_regexp.GENERIC_DELIMITERS,
+    "sub_delimiters": abnf_regexp.SUB_DELIMITERS,
+    # We need to escape the '*' in this case
+    "re_sub_delimiters": abnf_regexp.SUB_DELIMITERS_RE,
+    "unreserved_chars": abnf_regexp.UNRESERVED_CHARS,
+    # We need to escape the '-' in this case:
+    "re_unreserved": abnf_regexp.UNRESERVED_RE,
+}
+
+# For details about delimiters and reserved characters, see:
+# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.2
+GENERIC_DELIMITERS = abnf_regexp.GENERIC_DELIMITERS_SET
+SUB_DELIMITERS = abnf_regexp.SUB_DELIMITERS_SET
+RESERVED_CHARS = abnf_regexp.RESERVED_CHARS_SET
+# For details about unreserved characters, see:
+# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.3
+UNRESERVED_CHARS = abnf_regexp.UNRESERVED_CHARS_SET
+NON_PCT_ENCODED = abnf_regexp.NON_PCT_ENCODED_SET
+
+URI_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.URL_PARSING_RE)
+
+SUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER = re.compile(
+    (
+        "^(?:(?P<userinfo>{0})@)?"  # userinfo
+        "(?P<host>{1})"  # host
+        ":?(?P<port>{2})?$"  # port
+    ).format(
+        abnf_regexp.USERINFO_RE, abnf_regexp.HOST_PATTERN, abnf_regexp.PORT_RE
+    )
+)
+
+
+HOST_MATCHER = re.compile("^" + abnf_regexp.HOST_RE + "$")
+IPv4_MATCHER = re.compile("^" + abnf_regexp.IPv4_RE + "$")
+IPv6_MATCHER = re.compile(r"^\[" + abnf_regexp.IPv6_ADDRZ_RFC4007_RE + r"\]$")
+
+# Used by host validator
+IPv6_NO_RFC4007_MATCHER = re.compile(
+    r"^\[%s\]$" % (abnf_regexp.IPv6_ADDRZ_RE)
+)
+
+# Matcher used to validate path components
+PATH_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.PATH_RE)
+
+
+# ##################################
+# Query and Fragment Matcher Section
+# ##################################
+
+QUERY_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.QUERY_RE)
+
+FRAGMENT_MATCHER = QUERY_MATCHER
+
+# Scheme validation, see: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.1
+SCHEME_MATCHER = re.compile("^{0}$".format(abnf_regexp.SCHEME_RE))
+
+RELATIVE_REF_MATCHER = re.compile(
+    r"^%s(\?%s)?(#%s)?$"
+    % (
+        abnf_regexp.RELATIVE_PART_RE,
+        abnf_regexp.QUERY_RE,
+        abnf_regexp.FRAGMENT_RE,
+    )
+)
+
+# See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-4.3
+ABSOLUTE_URI_MATCHER = re.compile(
+    r"^%s:%s(\?%s)?$"
+    % (
+        abnf_regexp.COMPONENT_PATTERN_DICT["scheme"],
+        abnf_regexp.HIER_PART_RE,
+        abnf_regexp.QUERY_RE[1:-1],
+    )
+)
+
+# ###############
+# IRIs / RFC 3987
+# ###############
+
+IRI_MATCHER = re.compile(abnf_regexp.URL_PARSING_RE, re.UNICODE)
+
+ISUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER = re.compile(
+    (
+        u"^(?:(?P<userinfo>{0})@)?"  # iuserinfo
+        u"(?P<host>{1})"  # ihost
+        u":?(?P<port>{2})?$"  # port
+    ).format(
+        abnf_regexp.IUSERINFO_RE, abnf_regexp.IHOST_RE, abnf_regexp.PORT_RE
+    ),
+    re.UNICODE,
+)
+
+
+# Path merger as defined in http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.3
+def merge_paths(base_uri, relative_path):
+    """Merge a base URI's path with a relative URI's path."""
+    if base_uri.path is None and base_uri.authority is not None:
+        return "/" + relative_path
+    else:
+        path = base_uri.path or ""
+        index = path.rfind("/")
+        return path[:index] + "/" + relative_path
+
+
+UseExisting = object()
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/normalizers.py b/packages/rfc3986/normalizers.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d702b6d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/normalizers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Rackspace
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Module with functions to normalize components."""
+import re
+
+from . import compat
+from . import misc
+
+
+def normalize_scheme(scheme):
+    """Normalize the scheme component."""
+    return scheme.lower()
+
+
+def normalize_authority(authority):
+    """Normalize an authority tuple to a string."""
+    userinfo, host, port = authority
+    result = ""
+    if userinfo:
+        result += normalize_percent_characters(userinfo) + "@"
+    if host:
+        result += normalize_host(host)
+    if port:
+        result += ":" + port
+    return result
+
+
+def normalize_username(username):
+    """Normalize a username to make it safe to include in userinfo."""
+    return compat.urlquote(username)
+
+
+def normalize_password(password):
+    """Normalize a password to make safe for userinfo."""
+    return compat.urlquote(password)
+
+
+def normalize_host(host):
+    """Normalize a host string."""
+    if misc.IPv6_MATCHER.match(host):
+        percent = host.find("%")
+        if percent != -1:
+            percent_25 = host.find("%25")
+
+            # Replace RFC 4007 IPv6 Zone ID delimiter '%' with '%25'
+            # from RFC 6874. If the host is '[<IPv6 addr>%25]' then we
+            # assume RFC 4007 and normalize to '[<IPV6 addr>%2525]'
+            if (
+                percent_25 == -1
+                or percent < percent_25
+                or (percent == percent_25 and percent_25 == len(host) - 4)
+            ):
+                host = host.replace("%", "%25", 1)
+
+            # Don't normalize the casing of the Zone ID
+            return host[:percent].lower() + host[percent:]
+
+    return host.lower()
+
+
+def normalize_path(path):
+    """Normalize the path string."""
+    if not path:
+        return path
+
+    path = normalize_percent_characters(path)
+    return remove_dot_segments(path)
+
+
+def normalize_query(query):
+    """Normalize the query string."""
+    if not query:
+        return query
+    return normalize_percent_characters(query)
+
+
+def normalize_fragment(fragment):
+    """Normalize the fragment string."""
+    if not fragment:
+        return fragment
+    return normalize_percent_characters(fragment)
+
+
+PERCENT_MATCHER = re.compile("%[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}")
+
+
+def normalize_percent_characters(s):
+    """All percent characters should be upper-cased.
+
+    For example, ``"%3afoo%DF%ab"`` should be turned into ``"%3Afoo%DF%AB"``.
+    """
+    matches = set(PERCENT_MATCHER.findall(s))
+    for m in matches:
+        if not m.isupper():
+            s = s.replace(m, m.upper())
+    return s
+
+
+def remove_dot_segments(s):
+    """Remove dot segments from the string.
+
+    See also Section 5.2.4 of :rfc:`3986`.
+    """
+    # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4 for pseudo-code
+    segments = s.split("/")  # Turn the path into a list of segments
+    output = []  # Initialize the variable to use to store output
+
+    for segment in segments:
+        # '.' is the current directory, so ignore it, it is superfluous
+        if segment == ".":
+            continue
+        # Anything other than '..', should be appended to the output
+        elif segment != "..":
+            output.append(segment)
+        # In this case segment == '..', if we can, we should pop the last
+        # element
+        elif output:
+            output.pop()
+
+    # If the path starts with '/' and the output is empty or the first string
+    # is non-empty
+    if s.startswith("/") and (not output or output[0]):
+        output.insert(0, "")
+
+    # If the path starts with '/.' or '/..' ensure we add one more empty
+    # string to add a trailing '/'
+    if s.endswith(("/.", "/..")):
+        output.append("")
+
+    return "/".join(output)
+
+
+def encode_component(uri_component, encoding):
+    """Encode the specific component in the provided encoding."""
+    if uri_component is None:
+        return uri_component
+
+    # Try to see if the component we're encoding is already percent-encoded
+    # so we can skip all '%' characters but still encode all others.
+    percent_encodings = len(
+        PERCENT_MATCHER.findall(compat.to_str(uri_component, encoding))
+    )
+
+    uri_bytes = compat.to_bytes(uri_component, encoding)
+    is_percent_encoded = percent_encodings == uri_bytes.count(b"%")
+
+    encoded_uri = bytearray()
+
+    for i in range(0, len(uri_bytes)):
+        # Will return a single character bytestring on both Python 2 & 3
+        byte = uri_bytes[i : i + 1]
+        byte_ord = ord(byte)
+        if (is_percent_encoded and byte == b"%") or (
+            byte_ord < 128 and byte.decode() in misc.NON_PCT_ENCODED
+        ):
+            encoded_uri.extend(byte)
+            continue
+        encoded_uri.extend("%{0:02x}".format(byte_ord).encode().upper())
+
+    return encoded_uri.decode(encoding)
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/parseresult.py b/packages/rfc3986/parseresult.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8887e8f11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/parseresult.py
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Ian Stapleton Cordasco
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Module containing the urlparse compatibility logic."""
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from . import compat
+from . import exceptions
+from . import misc
+from . import normalizers
+from . import uri
+
+__all__ = ("ParseResult", "ParseResultBytes")
+
+PARSED_COMPONENTS = (
+    "scheme",
+    "userinfo",
+    "host",
+    "port",
+    "path",
+    "query",
+    "fragment",
+)
+
+
+class ParseResultMixin(object):
+    def _generate_authority(self, attributes):
+        # I swear I did not align the comparisons below. That's just how they
+        # happened to align based on pep8 and attribute lengths.
+        userinfo, host, port = (
+            attributes[p] for p in ("userinfo", "host", "port")
+        )
+        if (
+            self.userinfo != userinfo
+            or self.host != host
+            or self.port != port
+        ):
+            if port:
+                port = "{0}".format(port)
+            return normalizers.normalize_authority(
+                (
+                    compat.to_str(userinfo, self.encoding),
+                    compat.to_str(host, self.encoding),
+                    port,
+                )
+            )
+        if isinstance(self.authority, bytes):
+            return self.authority.decode("utf-8")
+        return self.authority
+
+    def geturl(self):
+        """Shim to match the standard library method."""
+        return self.unsplit()
+
+    @property
+    def hostname(self):
+        """Shim to match the standard library."""
+        return self.host
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self):
+        """Shim to match the standard library."""
+        return self.authority
+
+    @property
+    def params(self):
+        """Shim to match the standard library."""
+        return self.query
+
+
+class ParseResult(
+    namedtuple("ParseResult", PARSED_COMPONENTS), ParseResultMixin
+):
+    """Implementation of urlparse compatibility class.
+
+    This uses the URIReference logic to handle compatibility with the
+    urlparse.ParseResult class.
+    """
+
+    slots = ()
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        scheme,
+        userinfo,
+        host,
+        port,
+        path,
+        query,
+        fragment,
+        uri_ref,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    ):
+        """Create a new ParseResult."""
+        parse_result = super(ParseResult, cls).__new__(
+            cls,
+            scheme or None,
+            userinfo or None,
+            host,
+            port or None,
+            path or None,
+            query,
+            fragment,
+        )
+        parse_result.encoding = encoding
+        parse_result.reference = uri_ref
+        return parse_result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_parts(
+        cls,
+        scheme=None,
+        userinfo=None,
+        host=None,
+        port=None,
+        path=None,
+        query=None,
+        fragment=None,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    ):
+        """Create a ParseResult instance from its parts."""
+        authority = ""
+        if userinfo is not None:
+            authority += userinfo + "@"
+        if host is not None:
+            authority += host
+        if port is not None:
+            authority += ":{0}".format(port)
+        uri_ref = uri.URIReference(
+            scheme=scheme,
+            authority=authority,
+            path=path,
+            query=query,
+            fragment=fragment,
+            encoding=encoding,
+        ).normalize()
+        userinfo, host, port = authority_from(uri_ref, strict=True)
+        return cls(
+            scheme=uri_ref.scheme,
+            userinfo=userinfo,
+            host=host,
+            port=port,
+            path=uri_ref.path,
+            query=uri_ref.query,
+            fragment=uri_ref.fragment,
+            uri_ref=uri_ref,
+            encoding=encoding,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_string(
+        cls, uri_string, encoding="utf-8", strict=True, lazy_normalize=True
+    ):
+        """Parse a URI from the given unicode URI string.
+
+        :param str uri_string: Unicode URI to be parsed into a reference.
+        :param str encoding: The encoding of the string provided
+        :param bool strict: Parse strictly according to :rfc:`3986` if True.
+            If False, parse similarly to the standard library's urlparse
+            function.
+        :returns: :class:`ParseResult` or subclass thereof
+        """
+        reference = uri.URIReference.from_string(uri_string, encoding)
+        if not lazy_normalize:
+            reference = reference.normalize()
+        userinfo, host, port = authority_from(reference, strict)
+
+        return cls(
+            scheme=reference.scheme,
+            userinfo=userinfo,
+            host=host,
+            port=port,
+            path=reference.path,
+            query=reference.query,
+            fragment=reference.fragment,
+            uri_ref=reference,
+            encoding=encoding,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def authority(self):
+        """Return the normalized authority."""
+        return self.reference.authority
+
+    def copy_with(
+        self,
+        scheme=misc.UseExisting,
+        userinfo=misc.UseExisting,
+        host=misc.UseExisting,
+        port=misc.UseExisting,
+        path=misc.UseExisting,
+        query=misc.UseExisting,
+        fragment=misc.UseExisting,
+    ):
+        """Create a copy of this instance replacing with specified parts."""
+        attributes = zip(
+            PARSED_COMPONENTS,
+            (scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment),
+        )
+        attrs_dict = {}
+        for name, value in attributes:
+            if value is misc.UseExisting:
+                value = getattr(self, name)
+            attrs_dict[name] = value
+        authority = self._generate_authority(attrs_dict)
+        ref = self.reference.copy_with(
+            scheme=attrs_dict["scheme"],
+            authority=authority,
+            path=attrs_dict["path"],
+            query=attrs_dict["query"],
+            fragment=attrs_dict["fragment"],
+        )
+        return ParseResult(uri_ref=ref, encoding=self.encoding, **attrs_dict)
+
+    def encode(self, encoding=None):
+        """Convert to an instance of ParseResultBytes."""
+        encoding = encoding or self.encoding
+        attrs = dict(
+            zip(
+                PARSED_COMPONENTS,
+                (
+                    attr.encode(encoding) if hasattr(attr, "encode") else attr
+                    for attr in self
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+        return ParseResultBytes(
+            uri_ref=self.reference, encoding=encoding, **attrs
+        )
+
+    def unsplit(self, use_idna=False):
+        """Create a URI string from the components.
+
+        :returns: The parsed URI reconstituted as a string.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        parse_result = self
+        if use_idna and self.host:
+            hostbytes = self.host.encode("idna")
+            host = hostbytes.decode(self.encoding)
+            parse_result = self.copy_with(host=host)
+        return parse_result.reference.unsplit()
+
+
+class ParseResultBytes(
+    namedtuple("ParseResultBytes", PARSED_COMPONENTS), ParseResultMixin
+):
+    """Compatibility shim for the urlparse.ParseResultBytes object."""
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        scheme,
+        userinfo,
+        host,
+        port,
+        path,
+        query,
+        fragment,
+        uri_ref,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        lazy_normalize=True,
+    ):
+        """Create a new ParseResultBytes instance."""
+        parse_result = super(ParseResultBytes, cls).__new__(
+            cls,
+            scheme or None,
+            userinfo or None,
+            host,
+            port or None,
+            path or None,
+            query or None,
+            fragment or None,
+        )
+        parse_result.encoding = encoding
+        parse_result.reference = uri_ref
+        parse_result.lazy_normalize = lazy_normalize
+        return parse_result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_parts(
+        cls,
+        scheme=None,
+        userinfo=None,
+        host=None,
+        port=None,
+        path=None,
+        query=None,
+        fragment=None,
+        encoding="utf-8",
+        lazy_normalize=True,
+    ):
+        """Create a ParseResult instance from its parts."""
+        authority = ""
+        if userinfo is not None:
+            authority += userinfo + "@"
+        if host is not None:
+            authority += host
+        if port is not None:
+            authority += ":{0}".format(int(port))
+        uri_ref = uri.URIReference(
+            scheme=scheme,
+            authority=authority,
+            path=path,
+            query=query,
+            fragment=fragment,
+            encoding=encoding,
+        )
+        if not lazy_normalize:
+            uri_ref = uri_ref.normalize()
+        to_bytes = compat.to_bytes
+        userinfo, host, port = authority_from(uri_ref, strict=True)
+        return cls(
+            scheme=to_bytes(scheme, encoding),
+            userinfo=to_bytes(userinfo, encoding),
+            host=to_bytes(host, encoding),
+            port=port,
+            path=to_bytes(path, encoding),
+            query=to_bytes(query, encoding),
+            fragment=to_bytes(fragment, encoding),
+            uri_ref=uri_ref,
+            encoding=encoding,
+            lazy_normalize=lazy_normalize,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_string(
+        cls, uri_string, encoding="utf-8", strict=True, lazy_normalize=True
+    ):
+        """Parse a URI from the given unicode URI string.
+
+        :param str uri_string: Unicode URI to be parsed into a reference.
+        :param str encoding: The encoding of the string provided
+        :param bool strict: Parse strictly according to :rfc:`3986` if True.
+            If False, parse similarly to the standard library's urlparse
+            function.
+        :returns: :class:`ParseResultBytes` or subclass thereof
+        """
+        reference = uri.URIReference.from_string(uri_string, encoding)
+        if not lazy_normalize:
+            reference = reference.normalize()
+        userinfo, host, port = authority_from(reference, strict)
+
+        to_bytes = compat.to_bytes
+        return cls(
+            scheme=to_bytes(reference.scheme, encoding),
+            userinfo=to_bytes(userinfo, encoding),
+            host=to_bytes(host, encoding),
+            port=port,
+            path=to_bytes(reference.path, encoding),
+            query=to_bytes(reference.query, encoding),
+            fragment=to_bytes(reference.fragment, encoding),
+            uri_ref=reference,
+            encoding=encoding,
+            lazy_normalize=lazy_normalize,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def authority(self):
+        """Return the normalized authority."""
+        return self.reference.authority.encode(self.encoding)
+
+    def copy_with(
+        self,
+        scheme=misc.UseExisting,
+        userinfo=misc.UseExisting,
+        host=misc.UseExisting,
+        port=misc.UseExisting,
+        path=misc.UseExisting,
+        query=misc.UseExisting,
+        fragment=misc.UseExisting,
+        lazy_normalize=True,
+    ):
+        """Create a copy of this instance replacing with specified parts."""
+        attributes = zip(
+            PARSED_COMPONENTS,
+            (scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment),
+        )
+        attrs_dict = {}
+        for name, value in attributes:
+            if value is misc.UseExisting:
+                value = getattr(self, name)
+            if not isinstance(value, bytes) and hasattr(value, "encode"):
+                value = value.encode(self.encoding)
+            attrs_dict[name] = value
+        authority = self._generate_authority(attrs_dict)
+        to_str = compat.to_str
+        ref = self.reference.copy_with(
+            scheme=to_str(attrs_dict["scheme"], self.encoding),
+            authority=to_str(authority, self.encoding),
+            path=to_str(attrs_dict["path"], self.encoding),
+            query=to_str(attrs_dict["query"], self.encoding),
+            fragment=to_str(attrs_dict["fragment"], self.encoding),
+        )
+        if not lazy_normalize:
+            ref = ref.normalize()
+        return ParseResultBytes(
+            uri_ref=ref,
+            encoding=self.encoding,
+            lazy_normalize=lazy_normalize,
+            **attrs_dict
+        )
+
+    def unsplit(self, use_idna=False):
+        """Create a URI bytes object from the components.
+
+        :returns: The parsed URI reconstituted as a string.
+        :rtype: bytes
+        """
+        parse_result = self
+        if use_idna and self.host:
+            # self.host is bytes, to encode to idna, we need to decode it
+            # first
+            host = self.host.decode(self.encoding)
+            hostbytes = host.encode("idna")
+            parse_result = self.copy_with(host=hostbytes)
+        if self.lazy_normalize:
+            parse_result = parse_result.copy_with(lazy_normalize=False)
+        uri = parse_result.reference.unsplit()
+        return uri.encode(self.encoding)
+
+
+def split_authority(authority):
+    # Initialize our expected return values
+    userinfo = host = port = None
+    # Initialize an extra var we may need to use
+    extra_host = None
+    # Set-up rest in case there is no userinfo portion
+    rest = authority
+
+    if "@" in authority:
+        userinfo, rest = authority.rsplit("@", 1)
+
+    # Handle IPv6 host addresses
+    if rest.startswith("["):
+        host, rest = rest.split("]", 1)
+        host += "]"
+
+    if ":" in rest:
+        extra_host, port = rest.split(":", 1)
+    elif not host and rest:
+        host = rest
+
+    if extra_host and not host:
+        host = extra_host
+
+    return userinfo, host, port
+
+
+def authority_from(reference, strict):
+    try:
+        subauthority = reference.authority_info()
+    except exceptions.InvalidAuthority:
+        if strict:
+            raise
+        userinfo, host, port = split_authority(reference.authority)
+    else:
+        # Thanks to Richard Barrell for this idea:
+        # https://twitter.com/0x2ba22e11/status/617338811975139328
+        userinfo, host, port = (
+            subauthority.get(p) for p in ("userinfo", "host", "port")
+        )
+
+    if port:
+        try:
+            port = int(port)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise exceptions.InvalidPort(port)
+    return userinfo, host, port
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/uri.py b/packages/rfc3986/uri.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75c617d2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/uri.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+"""Module containing the implementation of the URIReference class."""
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Rackspace
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Ian Stapleton Cordasco
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from . import compat
+from . import misc
+from . import normalizers
+from ._mixin import URIMixin
+
+
+class URIReference(namedtuple("URIReference", misc.URI_COMPONENTS), URIMixin):
+    """Immutable object representing a parsed URI Reference.
+
+    .. note::
+
+        This class is not intended to be directly instantiated by the user.
+
+    This object exposes attributes for the following components of a
+    URI:
+
+    - scheme
+    - authority
+    - path
+    - query
+    - fragment
+
+    .. attribute:: scheme
+
+        The scheme that was parsed for the URI Reference. For example,
+        ``http``, ``https``, ``smtp``, ``imap``, etc.
+
+    .. attribute:: authority
+
+        Component of the URI that contains the user information, host,
+        and port sub-components. For example,
+        ``google.com``, ``127.0.0.1:5000``, ``username@[::1]``,
+        ``username:password@example.com:443``, etc.
+
+    .. attribute:: path
+
+        The path that was parsed for the given URI Reference. For example,
+        ``/``, ``/index.php``, etc.
+
+    .. attribute:: query
+
+        The query component for a given URI Reference. For example, ``a=b``,
+        ``a=b%20c``, ``a=b+c``, ``a=b,c=d,e=%20f``, etc.
+
+    .. attribute:: fragment
+
+        The fragment component of a URI. For example, ``section-3.1``.
+
+    This class also provides extra attributes for easier access to information
+    like the subcomponents of the authority component.
+
+    .. attribute:: userinfo
+
+        The user information parsed from the authority.
+
+    .. attribute:: host
+
+        The hostname, IPv4, or IPv6 address parsed from the authority.
+
+    .. attribute:: port
+
+        The port parsed from the authority.
+    """
+
+    slots = ()
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment, encoding="utf-8"
+    ):
+        """Create a new URIReference."""
+        ref = super(URIReference, cls).__new__(
+            cls,
+            scheme or None,
+            authority or None,
+            path or None,
+            query,
+            fragment,
+        )
+        ref.encoding = encoding
+        return ref
+
+    __hash__ = tuple.__hash__
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Compare this reference to another."""
+        other_ref = other
+        if isinstance(other, tuple):
+            other_ref = URIReference(*other)
+        elif not isinstance(other, URIReference):
+            try:
+                other_ref = URIReference.from_string(other)
+            except TypeError:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Unable to compare URIReference() to {0}()".format(
+                        type(other).__name__
+                    )
+                )
+
+        # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2
+        naive_equality = tuple(self) == tuple(other_ref)
+        return naive_equality or self.normalized_equality(other_ref)
+
+    def normalize(self):
+        """Normalize this reference as described in Section 6.2.2.
+
+        This is not an in-place normalization. Instead this creates a new
+        URIReference.
+
+        :returns: A new reference object with normalized components.
+        :rtype: URIReference
+        """
+        # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2.2 for logic in
+        # this method.
+        return URIReference(
+            normalizers.normalize_scheme(self.scheme or ""),
+            normalizers.normalize_authority(
+                (self.userinfo, self.host, self.port)
+            ),
+            normalizers.normalize_path(self.path or ""),
+            normalizers.normalize_query(self.query),
+            normalizers.normalize_fragment(self.fragment),
+            self.encoding,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_string(cls, uri_string, encoding="utf-8"):
+        """Parse a URI reference from the given unicode URI string.
+
+        :param str uri_string: Unicode URI to be parsed into a reference.
+        :param str encoding: The encoding of the string provided
+        :returns: :class:`URIReference` or subclass thereof
+        """
+        uri_string = compat.to_str(uri_string, encoding)
+
+        split_uri = misc.URI_MATCHER.match(uri_string).groupdict()
+        return cls(
+            split_uri["scheme"],
+            split_uri["authority"],
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_uri["path"], encoding),
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_uri["query"], encoding),
+            normalizers.encode_component(split_uri["fragment"], encoding),
+            encoding,
+        )
diff --git a/packages/rfc3986/validators.py b/packages/rfc3986/validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f37524882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/rfc3986/validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (c) 2017 Ian Stapleton Cordasco
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+# implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Module containing the validation logic for rfc3986."""
+from . import exceptions
+from . import misc
+from . import normalizers
+
+
+class Validator(object):
+    """Object used to configure validation of all objects in rfc3986.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+    Example usage::
+
+         >>> from rfc3986 import api, validators
+         >>> uri = api.uri_reference('https://github.com/')
+         >>> validator = validators.Validator().require_presence_of(
+         ...    'scheme', 'host', 'path',
+         ... ).allow_schemes(
+         ...    'http', 'https',
+         ... ).allow_hosts(
+         ...    '127.0.0.1', 'github.com',
+         ... )
+         >>> validator.validate(uri)
+         >>> invalid_uri = rfc3986.uri_reference('imap://mail.google.com')
+         >>> validator.validate(invalid_uri)
+         Traceback (most recent call last):
+         ...
+         rfc3986.exceptions.MissingComponentError: ('path was required but
+         missing', URIReference(scheme=u'imap', authority=u'mail.google.com',
+         path=None, query=None, fragment=None), ['path'])
+
+    """
+
+    COMPONENT_NAMES = frozenset(
+        ["scheme", "userinfo", "host", "port", "path", "query", "fragment"]
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Initialize our default validations."""
+        self.allowed_schemes = set()
+        self.allowed_hosts = set()
+        self.allowed_ports = set()
+        self.allow_password = True
+        self.required_components = {
+            "scheme": False,
+            "userinfo": False,
+            "host": False,
+            "port": False,
+            "path": False,
+            "query": False,
+            "fragment": False,
+        }
+        self.validated_components = self.required_components.copy()
+
+    def allow_schemes(self, *schemes):
+        """Require the scheme to be one of the provided schemes.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+        :param schemes:
+            Schemes, without ``://`` that are allowed.
+        :returns:
+            The validator instance.
+        :rtype:
+            Validator
+        """
+        for scheme in schemes:
+            self.allowed_schemes.add(normalizers.normalize_scheme(scheme))
+        return self
+
+    def allow_hosts(self, *hosts):
+        """Require the host to be one of the provided hosts.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+        :param hosts:
+            Hosts that are allowed.
+        :returns:
+            The validator instance.
+        :rtype:
+            Validator
+        """
+        for host in hosts:
+            self.allowed_hosts.add(normalizers.normalize_host(host))
+        return self
+
+    def allow_ports(self, *ports):
+        """Require the port to be one of the provided ports.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+        :param ports:
+            Ports that are allowed.
+        :returns:
+            The validator instance.
+        :rtype:
+            Validator
+        """
+        for port in ports:
+            port_int = int(port, base=10)
+            if 0 <= port_int <= 65535:
+                self.allowed_ports.add(port)
+        return self
+
+    def allow_use_of_password(self):
+        """Allow passwords to be present in the URI.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+        :returns:
+            The validator instance.
+        :rtype:
+            Validator
+        """
+        self.allow_password = True
+        return self
+
+    def forbid_use_of_password(self):
+        """Prevent passwords from being included in the URI.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+        :returns:
+            The validator instance.
+        :rtype:
+            Validator
+        """
+        self.allow_password = False
+        return self
+
+    def check_validity_of(self, *components):
+        """Check the validity of the components provided.
+
+        This can be specified repeatedly.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.1
+
+        :param components:
+            Names of components from :attr:`Validator.COMPONENT_NAMES`.
+        :returns:
+            The validator instance.
+        :rtype:
+            Validator
+        """
+        components = [c.lower() for c in components]
+        for component in components:
+            if component not in self.COMPONENT_NAMES:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    '"{}" is not a valid component'.format(component)
+                )
+        self.validated_components.update(
+            {component: True for component in components}
+        )
+        return self
+
+    def require_presence_of(self, *components):
+        """Require the components provided.
+
+        This can be specified repeatedly.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+        :param components:
+            Names of components from :attr:`Validator.COMPONENT_NAMES`.
+        :returns:
+            The validator instance.
+        :rtype:
+            Validator
+        """
+        components = [c.lower() for c in components]
+        for component in components:
+            if component not in self.COMPONENT_NAMES:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    '"{}" is not a valid component'.format(component)
+                )
+        self.required_components.update(
+            {component: True for component in components}
+        )
+        return self
+
+    def validate(self, uri):
+        """Check a URI for conditions specified on this validator.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+        :param uri:
+            Parsed URI to validate.
+        :type uri:
+            rfc3986.uri.URIReference
+        :raises MissingComponentError:
+            When a required component is missing.
+        :raises UnpermittedComponentError:
+            When a component is not one of those allowed.
+        :raises PasswordForbidden:
+            When a password is present in the userinfo component but is
+            not permitted by configuration.
+        :raises InvalidComponentsError:
+            When a component was found to be invalid.
+        """
+        if not self.allow_password:
+            check_password(uri)
+
+        required_components = [
+            component
+            for component, required in self.required_components.items()
+            if required
+        ]
+        validated_components = [
+            component
+            for component, required in self.validated_components.items()
+            if required
+        ]
+        if required_components:
+            ensure_required_components_exist(uri, required_components)
+        if validated_components:
+            ensure_components_are_valid(uri, validated_components)
+
+        ensure_one_of(self.allowed_schemes, uri, "scheme")
+        ensure_one_of(self.allowed_hosts, uri, "host")
+        ensure_one_of(self.allowed_ports, uri, "port")
+
+
+def check_password(uri):
+    """Assert that there is no password present in the uri."""
+    userinfo = uri.userinfo
+    if not userinfo:
+        return
+    credentials = userinfo.split(":", 1)
+    if len(credentials) <= 1:
+        return
+    raise exceptions.PasswordForbidden(uri)
+
+
+def ensure_one_of(allowed_values, uri, attribute):
+    """Assert that the uri's attribute is one of the allowed values."""
+    value = getattr(uri, attribute)
+    if value is not None and allowed_values and value not in allowed_values:
+        raise exceptions.UnpermittedComponentError(
+            attribute,
+            value,
+            allowed_values,
+        )
+
+
+def ensure_required_components_exist(uri, required_components):
+    """Assert that all required components are present in the URI."""
+    missing_components = sorted(
+        [
+            component
+            for component in required_components
+            if getattr(uri, component) is None
+        ]
+    )
+    if missing_components:
+        raise exceptions.MissingComponentError(uri, *missing_components)
+
+
+def is_valid(value, matcher, require):
+    """Determine if a value is valid based on the provided matcher.
+
+    :param str value:
+        Value to validate.
+    :param matcher:
+        Compiled regular expression to use to validate the value.
+    :param require:
+        Whether or not the value is required.
+    """
+    if require:
+        return value is not None and matcher.match(value)
+
+    # require is False and value is not None
+    return value is None or matcher.match(value)
+
+
+def authority_is_valid(authority, host=None, require=False):
+    """Determine if the authority string is valid.
+
+    :param str authority:
+        The authority to validate.
+    :param str host:
+        (optional) The host portion of the authority to validate.
+    :param bool require:
+        (optional) Specify if authority must not be None.
+    :returns:
+        ``True`` if valid, ``False`` otherwise
+    :rtype:
+        bool
+    """
+    validated = is_valid(authority, misc.SUBAUTHORITY_MATCHER, require)
+    if validated and host is not None:
+        return host_is_valid(host, require)
+    return validated
+
+
+def host_is_valid(host, require=False):
+    """Determine if the host string is valid.
+
+    :param str host:
+        The host to validate.
+    :param bool require:
+        (optional) Specify if host must not be None.
+    :returns:
+        ``True`` if valid, ``False`` otherwise
+    :rtype:
+        bool
+    """
+    validated = is_valid(host, misc.HOST_MATCHER, require)
+    if validated and host is not None and misc.IPv4_MATCHER.match(host):
+        return valid_ipv4_host_address(host)
+    elif validated and host is not None and misc.IPv6_MATCHER.match(host):
+        return misc.IPv6_NO_RFC4007_MATCHER.match(host) is not None
+    return validated
+
+
+def scheme_is_valid(scheme, require=False):
+    """Determine if the scheme is valid.
+
+    :param str scheme:
+        The scheme string to validate.
+    :param bool require:
+        (optional) Set to ``True`` to require the presence of a scheme.
+    :returns:
+        ``True`` if the scheme is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
+    :rtype:
+        bool
+    """
+    return is_valid(scheme, misc.SCHEME_MATCHER, require)
+
+
+def path_is_valid(path, require=False):
+    """Determine if the path component is valid.
+
+    :param str path:
+        The path string to validate.
+    :param bool require:
+        (optional) Set to ``True`` to require the presence of a path.
+    :returns:
+        ``True`` if the path is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
+    :rtype:
+        bool
+    """
+    return is_valid(path, misc.PATH_MATCHER, require)
+
+
+def query_is_valid(query, require=False):
+    """Determine if the query component is valid.
+
+    :param str query:
+        The query string to validate.
+    :param bool require:
+        (optional) Set to ``True`` to require the presence of a query.
+    :returns:
+        ``True`` if the query is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
+    :rtype:
+        bool
+    """
+    return is_valid(query, misc.QUERY_MATCHER, require)
+
+
+def fragment_is_valid(fragment, require=False):
+    """Determine if the fragment component is valid.
+
+    :param str fragment:
+        The fragment string to validate.
+    :param bool require:
+        (optional) Set to ``True`` to require the presence of a fragment.
+    :returns:
+        ``True`` if the fragment is valid. ``False`` otherwise.
+    :rtype:
+        bool
+    """
+    return is_valid(fragment, misc.FRAGMENT_MATCHER, require)
+
+
+def valid_ipv4_host_address(host):
+    """Determine if the given host is a valid IPv4 address."""
+    # If the host exists, and it might be IPv4, check each byte in the
+    # address.
+    return all([0 <= int(byte, base=10) <= 255 for byte in host.split(".")])
+
+
+_COMPONENT_VALIDATORS = {
+    "scheme": scheme_is_valid,
+    "path": path_is_valid,
+    "query": query_is_valid,
+    "fragment": fragment_is_valid,
+}
+
+_SUBAUTHORITY_VALIDATORS = set(["userinfo", "host", "port"])
+
+
+def subauthority_component_is_valid(uri, component):
+    """Determine if the userinfo, host, and port are valid."""
+    try:
+        subauthority_dict = uri.authority_info()
+    except exceptions.InvalidAuthority:
+        return False
+
+    # If we can parse the authority into sub-components and we're not
+    # validating the port, we can assume it's valid.
+    if component == "host":
+        return host_is_valid(subauthority_dict["host"])
+    elif component != "port":
+        return True
+
+    try:
+        port = int(subauthority_dict["port"])
+    except TypeError:
+        # If the port wasn't provided it'll be None and int(None) raises a
+        # TypeError
+        return True
+
+    return 0 <= port <= 65535
+
+
+def ensure_components_are_valid(uri, validated_components):
+    """Assert that all components are valid in the URI."""
+    invalid_components = set([])
+    for component in validated_components:
+        if component in _SUBAUTHORITY_VALIDATORS:
+            if not subauthority_component_is_valid(uri, component):
+                invalid_components.add(component)
+            # Python's peephole optimizer means that while this continue *is*
+            # actually executed, coverage.py cannot detect that. See also,
+            # https://bitbucket.org/ned/coveragepy/issues/198/continue-marked-as-not-covered
+            continue  # nocov: Python 2.7, 3.3, 3.4
+
+        validator = _COMPONENT_VALIDATORS[component]
+        if not validator(getattr(uri, component)):
+            invalid_components.add(component)
+
+    if invalid_components:
+        raise exceptions.InvalidComponentsError(uri, *invalid_components)
diff --git a/packages/sniffio/__init__.py b/packages/sniffio/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddbd53a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/sniffio/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+"""Top-level package for sniffio."""
+
+__all__ = [
+    "current_async_library", "AsyncLibraryNotFoundError",
+    "current_async_library_cvar"
+]
+
+from ._version import __version__
+
+from ._impl import (
+    current_async_library,
+    AsyncLibraryNotFoundError,
+    current_async_library_cvar,
+)
diff --git a/packages/sniffio/_impl.py b/packages/sniffio/_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..240d3a2ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/sniffio/_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from typing import Optional
+import sys
+
+current_async_library_cvar = ContextVar(
+    "current_async_library_cvar", default=None
+)  # type: ContextVar[Optional[str]]
+
+
+class AsyncLibraryNotFoundError(RuntimeError):
+    pass
+
+
+def current_async_library() -> str:
+    """Detect which async library is currently running.
+
+    The following libraries are currently supported:
+
+    ================   ===========  ============================
+    Library             Requires     Magic string
+    ================   ===========  ============================
+    **Trio**            Trio v0.6+   ``"trio"``
+    **Curio**           -            ``"curio"``
+    **asyncio**                      ``"asyncio"``
+    **Trio-asyncio**    v0.8.2+     ``"trio"`` or ``"asyncio"``,
+                                    depending on current mode
+    ================   ===========  ============================
+
+    Returns:
+      A string like ``"trio"``.
+
+    Raises:
+      AsyncLibraryNotFoundError: if called from synchronous context,
+        or if the current async library was not recognized.
+
+    Examples:
+
+        .. code-block:: python3
+
+           from sniffio import current_async_library
+
+           async def generic_sleep(seconds):
+               library = current_async_library()
+               if library == "trio":
+                   import trio
+                   await trio.sleep(seconds)
+               elif library == "asyncio":
+                   import asyncio
+                   await asyncio.sleep(seconds)
+               # ... and so on ...
+               else:
+                   raise RuntimeError(f"Unsupported library {library!r}")
+
+    """
+    value = current_async_library_cvar.get()
+    if value is not None:
+        return value
+
+    # Sniff for curio (for now)
+    if 'curio' in sys.modules:
+        from curio.meta import curio_running
+        if curio_running():
+            return 'curio'
+
+    # Need to sniff for asyncio
+    if "asyncio" in sys.modules:
+        import asyncio
+        try:
+            current_task = asyncio.current_task  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        except AttributeError:
+            current_task = asyncio.Task.current_task  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        try:
+            if current_task() is not None:
+                if (3, 7) <= sys.version_info:
+                    # asyncio has contextvars support, and we're in a task, so
+                    # we can safely cache the sniffed value
+                    current_async_library_cvar.set("asyncio")
+                return "asyncio"
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+    raise AsyncLibraryNotFoundError(
+        "unknown async library, or not in async context"
+    )
diff --git a/packages/sniffio/_tests/__init__.py b/packages/sniffio/_tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/packages/sniffio/_tests/test_sniffio.py b/packages/sniffio/_tests/test_sniffio.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a19d13c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/sniffio/_tests/test_sniffio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+from .. import (
+    current_async_library, AsyncLibraryNotFoundError,
+    current_async_library_cvar
+)
+
+
+def test_basics():
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncLibraryNotFoundError):
+        current_async_library()
+
+    token = current_async_library_cvar.set("generic-lib")
+    try:
+        assert current_async_library() == "generic-lib"
+    finally:
+        current_async_library_cvar.reset(token)
+
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncLibraryNotFoundError):
+        current_async_library()
+
+
+def test_asyncio():
+    import asyncio
+
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncLibraryNotFoundError):
+        current_async_library()
+
+    ran = []
+
+    async def this_is_asyncio():
+        assert current_async_library() == "asyncio"
+        # Call it a second time to exercise the caching logic
+        assert current_async_library() == "asyncio"
+        ran.append(True)
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    loop.run_until_complete(this_is_asyncio())
+    assert ran == [True]
+    loop.close()
+
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncLibraryNotFoundError):
+        current_async_library()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info < (3, 6), reason='Curio requires 3.6+')
+def test_curio():
+    import curio
+
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncLibraryNotFoundError):
+        current_async_library()
+
+    ran = []
+
+    async def this_is_curio():
+        assert current_async_library() == "curio"
+        # Call it a second time to exercise the caching logic
+        assert current_async_library() == "curio"
+        ran.append(True)
+
+    curio.run(this_is_curio)
+    assert ran == [True]
+
+    with pytest.raises(AsyncLibraryNotFoundError):
+        current_async_library()
diff --git a/packages/sniffio/_version.py b/packages/sniffio/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c4b11980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/sniffio/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# This file is imported from __init__.py and exec'd from setup.py
+
+__version__ = "1.2.0"
diff --git a/packages/sniffio/py.typed b/packages/sniffio/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb

From 86e15b610f5bd6c30742f59cb876d58d5ea71d1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CastagnaIT <gottardo.stefano.83@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Jun 2021 09:26:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Enabled TCP Keep Alive on httpcore (httpx)

Currently there is no way to enable TCP KeepAlive directly on httpx
module
---
 packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py           |  4 ++
 packages/httpcore/_backends/tcp_keep_alive.py | 38 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 packages/httpcore/_backends/tcp_keep_alive.py

diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py b/packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
index ee8f94b7e..968aead9e 100644
--- a/packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     WriteTimeout,
     map_exceptions,
 )
+from .tcp_keep_alive import enable_tcp_keep_alive
 from .._types import TimeoutDict
 from .._utils import is_socket_readable
 
@@ -137,6 +138,9 @@ def open_tcp_stream(
             sock = socket.create_connection(
                 address, connect_timeout, source_address=source_address  # type: ignore
             )
+            # Enable TCP Keep-Alive
+            enable_tcp_keep_alive(sock)
+
             if ssl_context is not None:
                 sock = ssl_context.wrap_socket(
                     sock, server_hostname=hostname.decode("ascii")
diff --git a/packages/httpcore/_backends/tcp_keep_alive.py b/packages/httpcore/_backends/tcp_keep_alive.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90a08c7f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/httpcore/_backends/tcp_keep_alive.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    Copyright (C) 2021 Stefano Gottardo - @CastagnaIT
+    Helper to enable TCP Keep Alive
+
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+    See LICENSES/MIT.md for more information.
+"""
+import socket
+import sys
+
+TCP_KEEP_IDLE = 45
+TCP_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL = 10
+TCP_KEEP_CNT = 6
+
+
+def enable_tcp_keep_alive(sock):
+    """Enable TCP Keep-Alive (by default disabled)"""
+    # More info on PR: https://github.com/CastagnaIT/plugin.video.netflix/pull/1065
+    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1)
+    if sys.platform == 'linux':
+        # TCP Keep Alive Probes for Linux/Android
+        if hasattr(socket, 'TCP_KEEPIDLE'):
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPIDLE, TCP_KEEP_IDLE)
+        if hasattr(socket, 'TCP_KEEPINTVL'):
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPINTVL, TCP_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL)
+        if hasattr(socket, 'TCP_KEEPCNT'):
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPCNT, TCP_KEEP_CNT)
+    elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
+        # TCP Keep Alive Probes for MacOS
+        # NOTE: The socket constants from MacOS netinet/tcp.h are not exported by python's socket module
+        # The MacOS TCP_KEEPALIVE(0x10) constant should be the same thing of the linux TCP_KEEPIDLE constant
+        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, getattr(socket, 'TCP_KEEPIDLE', 0x10), TCP_KEEP_IDLE)
+        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, getattr(socket, 'TCP_KEEPINTVL', 0x101), TCP_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL)
+        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, getattr(socket, 'TCP_KEEPCNT', 0x102), TCP_KEEP_CNT)
+    elif sys.platform == 'win32':
+        # TCP Keep Alive Probes for Windows
+        sock.ioctl(socket.SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS, (1, TCP_KEEP_IDLE * 1000, TCP_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL * 1000))

From 4cfbddb4b864faab9a57c0b82216de905242b379 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CastagnaIT <gottardo.stefano.83@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Aug 2021 16:31:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] Changes for httpx

---
 .codeclimate.yml                              |  1 +
 codecov.yml                                   |  1 +
 requirements.txt                              |  1 +
 resources/lib/globals.py                      |  5 ++
 resources/lib/run_addon.py                    |  3 +-
 resources/lib/services/http_server.py         |  5 ++
 .../services/nfsession/msl/msl_requests.py    |  7 +--
 .../lib/services/nfsession/nfsession_ops.py   |  9 ++--
 .../lib/services/nfsession/session/access.py  | 38 +++++++++++---
 .../lib/services/nfsession/session/base.py    | 11 ++---
 .../lib/services/nfsession/session/cookie.py  |  2 +-
 .../nfsession/session/http_requests.py        | 49 ++++++++++++-------
 resources/lib/utils/cookies.py                | 47 ++++++++++++++----
 13 files changed, 127 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.codeclimate.yml b/.codeclimate.yml
index 8eec6c427..d89f24814 100644
--- a/.codeclimate.yml
+++ b/.codeclimate.yml
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ exclude_paths:
   - "resources/skins/"
   - "resources/settings.xml"
   - "tests/"
+  - "packages/"
   - "addon.xml"
   - "changelog.txt"
   - "Contributing.md"
diff --git a/codecov.yml b/codecov.yml
index 04f82dff0..a6cb92940 100644
--- a/codecov.yml
+++ b/codecov.yml
@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ coverage:
 comment: false
 ignore:
 - tests/
+- packages/
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 713305dad..70513a4a9 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ setuptools
 tox
 xmlschema
 Kodistubs==19.0.3
+httpx[http2]
diff --git a/resources/lib/globals.py b/resources/lib/globals.py
index b40a4d346..b0c7e54ba 100644
--- a/resources/lib/globals.py
+++ b/resources/lib/globals.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # All other modules (imports) are initialized only on the first invocation of the add-on.
 import collections
 import os
+import sys
 from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, unquote, urlparse
 
 import xbmcaddon
@@ -233,6 +234,7 @@ def init_globals(self, argv):
             self.DEFAULT_FANART = self.ADDON.getAddonInfo('fanart')
             self.ADDON_DATA_PATH = self.ADDON.getAddonInfo('path')  # Add-on folder
             self.DATA_PATH = self.ADDON.getAddonInfo('profile')  # Add-on user data folder
+            self.ADDON_PACKAGES_PATH = os.path.join(self.ADDON_DATA_PATH, 'packages')
             self.CACHE_PATH = os.path.join(self.DATA_PATH, 'cache')
             self.COOKIES_PATH = os.path.join(self.DATA_PATH, 'COOKIES')
             try:
@@ -250,6 +252,9 @@ def init_globals(self, argv):
         LOG.initialize(self.ADDON_ID, self.PLUGIN_HANDLE,
                        self.ADDON.getSettingBool('enable_debug'),
                        self.ADDON.getSettingBool('enable_timing'))
+        # Add path of embedded packages (not supplied by Kodi) to python system directory
+        if self.ADDON_PACKAGES_PATH not in sys.path:
+            sys.path.insert(0, self.ADDON_PACKAGES_PATH)
         if self.IS_ADDON_FIRSTRUN:
             self.init_database()
             # Initialize the cache
diff --git a/resources/lib/run_addon.py b/resources/lib/run_addon.py
index 23d289ec4..493a63cc6 100644
--- a/resources/lib/run_addon.py
+++ b/resources/lib/run_addon.py
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ def lazy_login_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
             try:
                 return func(*args, **kwargs)
             except NotLoggedInError:
-                # Exception raised by nfsession: "login" / "assert_logged_in" / "website_extract_session_data"
+                # Exception raised by nfsession:
+                #   "login" / "assert_logged_in" / "website_extract_session_data" / _request from http_requests.py
                 LOG.debug('Tried to perform an action without being logged in')
                 try:
                     from resources.lib.utils.api_requests import login
diff --git a/resources/lib/services/http_server.py b/resources/lib/services/http_server.py
index a89f7e43d..e35755bd6 100644
--- a/resources/lib/services/http_server.py
+++ b/resources/lib/services/http_server.py
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ def __init__(self, server_address):
         # Define shared members
         self.netflix_session = NetflixSession()
 
+    def __del__(self):
+        if self.netflix_session.nfsession.session:
+            # Close the connection pool of the session
+            self.netflix_session.nfsession.session.close()
+
 
 def handle_msl_request(server, func_name, data, params=None):
     if func_name == 'get_license':
diff --git a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/msl/msl_requests.py b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/msl/msl_requests.py
index a11c447c1..a9f6232c0 100644
--- a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/msl/msl_requests.py
+++ b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/msl/msl_requests.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 import zlib
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-import requests.exceptions as req_exceptions
+import httpx
 
 import resources.lib.common as common
 from resources.lib.common.exceptions import MSLError
@@ -179,13 +179,14 @@ def _post(self, endpoint, request_data):
                     _endpoint = endpoint
                 LOG.debug('Executing POST request to {}', _endpoint)
                 start = time.perf_counter()
-                response = self.nfsession.session.post(_endpoint, request_data,
+                response = self.nfsession.session.post(url=_endpoint,
+                                                       data=request_data,
                                                        headers=self.HTTP_HEADERS,
                                                        timeout=4)
                 LOG.debug('Request took {}s', time.perf_counter() - start)
                 LOG.debug('Request returned response with status {}', response.status_code)
                 break
-            except req_exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
+            except httpx.ConnectError as exc:
                 LOG.error('HTTP request error: {}', exc)
                 if retry == 3:
                     raise
diff --git a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/nfsession_ops.py b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/nfsession_ops.py
index 9b92d07c6..444a242f2 100644
--- a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/nfsession_ops.py
+++ b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/nfsession_ops.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import time
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 
+import httpx
 import xbmc
 
 import resources.lib.common as common
@@ -78,10 +79,9 @@ def fetch_initial_page(self):
             self.dt_initial_page_prefetch = None
             return
         LOG.debug('Fetch initial page')
-        from requests import exceptions
         try:
             self.refresh_session_data(True)
-        except exceptions.TooManyRedirects:
+        except httpx.TooManyRedirects:
             # This error can happen when the profile used in nf session actually no longer exists,
             # something wrong happen in the session then the server try redirect to the login page without success.
             # (CastagnaIT: i don't know the best way to handle this borderline case, but login again works)
@@ -128,11 +128,10 @@ def activate_profile(self, guid):
 
         G.LOCAL_DB.switch_active_profile(guid)
         G.CACHE_MANAGEMENT.identifier_prefix = guid
-        cookies.save(self.session.cookies)
+        cookies.save(self.session.cookies.jar)
 
     def parental_control_data(self, guid, password):
         # Ask to the service if password is right and get the PIN status
-        from requests import exceptions
         try:
             response = self.post_safe('profile_hub',
                                       data={'destination': 'contentRestrictions',
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ def parental_control_data(self, guid, password):
             if response.get('status') != 'ok':
                 LOG.warn('Parental control status issue: {}', response)
                 raise MissingCredentialsError
-        except exceptions.HTTPError as exc:
+        except httpx.HTTPStatusError as exc:
             if exc.response.status_code == 500:
                 # This endpoint raise HTTP error 500 when the password is wrong
                 raise MissingCredentialsError from exc
diff --git a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/access.py b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/access.py
index 4e670c71d..8c4a27c0b 100644
--- a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/access.py
+++ b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/access.py
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
     See LICENSES/MIT.md for more information.
 """
 import re
+from http.cookiejar import Cookie
+
+import httpx
 
 import resources.lib.utils.website as website
 import resources.lib.common as common
@@ -30,7 +33,6 @@ class SessionAccess(SessionCookie, SessionHTTPRequests):
     def prefetch_login(self):
         """Check if we have stored credentials.
         If so, do the login before the user requests it"""
-        from requests import exceptions
         try:
             common.get_credentials()
             if not self.is_logged_in():
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ def prefetch_login(self):
             return True
         except MissingCredentialsError:
             pass
-        except exceptions.RequestException as exc:
+        except httpx.RequestError as exc:
             # It was not possible to connect to the web service, no connection, network problem, etc
             import traceback
             LOG.error('Login prefetch: request exception {}', exc)
@@ -77,13 +79,33 @@ def post_safe(self, endpoint, **kwargs):
     @measure_exec_time_decorator(is_immediate=True)
     def login_auth_data(self, data=None, password=None):
         """Perform account login with authentication data"""
-        from requests import exceptions
         LOG.debug('Logging in with authentication data')
         # Add the cookies to the session
         self.session.cookies.clear()
         for cookie in data['cookies']:
-            self.session.cookies.set(cookie[0], cookie[1], **cookie[2])
-        cookies.log_cookie(self.session.cookies)
+            # The code below has been adapted from httpx.Cookies.set() method
+            kwargs = {
+                'version': 0,
+                'name': cookie['name'],
+                'value': cookie['value'],
+                'port': None,
+                'port_specified': False,
+                'domain': cookie['domain'],
+                'domain_specified': bool(cookie['domain']),
+                'domain_initial_dot': cookie['domain'].startswith('.'),
+                'path': cookie['path'],
+                'path_specified': bool(cookie['path']),
+                'secure': cookie['secure'],
+                'expires': cookie['expires'],
+                'discard': True,
+                'comment': None,
+                'comment_url': None,
+                'rest': cookie['rest'],
+                'rfc2109': False,
+            }
+            cookie = Cookie(**kwargs)
+            self.session.cookies.jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+        cookies.log_cookie(self.session.cookies.jar)
         # Try access to website
         try:
             website.extract_session_data(self.get('browse'), validate=True, update_profiles=True)
@@ -105,7 +127,7 @@ def login_auth_data(self, data=None, password=None):
                                             'task': 'auth'})
             if response.get('status') != 'ok':
                 raise LoginError(common.get_local_string(12344))  # 12344=Passwords entered did not match.
-        except exceptions.HTTPError as exc:
+        except httpx.HTTPStatusError as exc:
             if exc.response.status_code == 500:
                 # This endpoint raise HTTP error 500 when the password is wrong
                 raise LoginError(common.get_local_string(12344)) from exc
@@ -113,7 +135,7 @@ def login_auth_data(self, data=None, password=None):
         common.set_credentials({'email': email, 'password': password})
         LOG.info('Login successful')
         ui.show_notification(common.get_local_string(30109))
-        cookies.save(self.session.cookies)
+        cookies.save(self.session.cookies.jar)
         return True
 
     @measure_exec_time_decorator(is_immediate=True)
@@ -136,7 +158,7 @@ def login(self, credentials=None):
                 common.set_credentials(credentials)
             LOG.info('Login successful')
             ui.show_notification(common.get_local_string(30109))
-            cookies.save(self.session.cookies)
+            cookies.save(self.session.cookies.jar)
             return True
         except LoginValidateError as exc:
             self.session.cookies.clear()
diff --git a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/base.py b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/base.py
index bcc6303c9..907c0c81a 100644
--- a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/base.py
+++ b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/base.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 import resources.lib.common as common
 from resources.lib.database.db_utils import TABLE_SESSION
 from resources.lib.globals import G
-from resources.lib.services.tcp_keep_alive import enable_tcp_keep_alive
 from resources.lib.utils.logging import LOG
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:  # This variable/imports are used only by the editor, so not at runtime
@@ -26,9 +25,6 @@ class SessionBase:
     session = None
     """The requests.session object to handle communication to Netflix"""
 
-    verify_ssl = True
-    """Use SSL verification when performing requests"""
-
     # Functions from derived classes to allow perform particular operations in parent classes
     external_func_activate_profile = None  # (set by nfsession_op.py)
 
@@ -45,9 +41,10 @@ def _init_session(self):
             LOG.info('Session closed')
         except AttributeError:
             pass
-        from requests import Session
-        self.session = Session()
-        enable_tcp_keep_alive(self.session)
+        import httpx
+        # (http1=False, http2=True) means that the client know that server support HTTP/2 and avoid to do negotiations,
+        # prior knowledge: https://python-hyper.org/projects/hyper-h2/en/v2.3.1/negotiating-http2.html#prior-knowledge
+        self.session = httpx.Client(http1=False, http2=True)
         self.session.max_redirects = 10  # Too much redirects should means some problem
         self.session.headers.update({
             'User-Agent': common.get_user_agent(enable_android_mediaflag_fix=True),
diff --git a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/cookie.py b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/cookie.py
index 9b0c5d236..7fe0f39fe 100644
--- a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/cookie.py
+++ b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/cookie.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def _verify_session_cookies(self):
                 LOG.error('The cookie "{}" do not exist, it is not possible to check the expiration',
                           cookie_name)
                 return False
-            for cookie in list(self.session.cookies):
+            for cookie in self.session.cookies.jar:
                 if cookie.name != cookie_name:
                     continue
                 if cookie.expires <= int(time.time()):
diff --git a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/http_requests.py b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/http_requests.py
index 1d8bda81a..853e251f7 100644
--- a/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/http_requests.py
+++ b/resources/lib/services/nfsession/session/http_requests.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import json
 import time
 
-import requests.exceptions as req_exceptions
+import httpx
 
 import resources.lib.common as common
 import resources.lib.utils.website as website
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ class SessionHTTPRequests(SessionBase):
     def get(self, endpoint, **kwargs):
         """Execute a GET request to the designated endpoint."""
         return self._request_call(
-            method=self.session.get,
+            method='GET',
             endpoint=endpoint,
             **kwargs)
 
     def post(self, endpoint, **kwargs):
         """Execute a POST request to the designated endpoint."""
         return self._request_call(
-            method=self.session.post,
+            method='POST',
             endpoint=endpoint,
             **kwargs)
 
@@ -56,20 +56,34 @@ def _request(self, method, endpoint, session_refreshed, **kwargs):
         retry = 1
         while True:
             try:
-                LOG.debug('Executing {verb} request to {url}',
-                          verb='GET' if method == self.session.get else 'POST', url=url)
+                LOG.debug('Executing {verb} request to {url}', verb=method, url=url)
                 start = time.perf_counter()
-                response = method(
-                    url=url,
-                    verify=self.verify_ssl,
-                    headers=headers,
-                    params=params,
-                    data=data,
-                    timeout=8)
+                if method == 'GET':
+                    response = self.session.get(
+                        url=url,
+                        headers=headers,
+                        params=params,
+                        timeout=8)
+                else:
+                    response = self.session.post(
+                        url=url,
+                        headers=headers,
+                        params=params,
+                        data=data,
+                        timeout=8)
                 LOG.debug('Request took {}s', time.perf_counter() - start)
                 LOG.debug('Request returned status code {}', response.status_code)
                 break
-            except req_exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
+            except httpx.RemoteProtocolError as exc:
+                if 'Server disconnected' in str(exc):
+                    # Known reasons:
+                    # - The server has revoked cookies validity
+                    # - The user has executed "Sign out of all devices" from account settings
+                    # Clear the user ID tokens are tied to the credentials
+                    self.msl_handler.clear_user_id_tokens()
+                    raise NotLoggedInError from exc
+                raise
+            except httpx.ConnectError as exc:
                 LOG.error('HTTP request error: {}', exc)
                 if retry == 3:
                     raise
@@ -98,7 +112,7 @@ def try_refresh_session_data(self, raise_exception=False):
         """Refresh session data from the Netflix website"""
         try:
             self.auth_url = website.extract_session_data(self.get('browse'))['auth_url']
-            cookies.save(self.session.cookies)
+            cookies.save(self.session.cookies.jar)
             LOG.debug('Successfully refreshed session data')
             return True
         except MbrStatusError:
@@ -116,9 +130,9 @@ def try_refresh_session_data(self, raise_exception=False):
             common.purge_credentials()
             ui.show_notification(common.get_local_string(30008))
             raise NotLoggedInError from exc
-        except req_exceptions.RequestException:
+        except httpx.RequestError:
             import traceback
-            LOG.warn('Failed to refresh session data, request error (RequestException)')
+            LOG.warn('Failed to refresh session data, request error (RequestError)')
             LOG.warn(traceback.format_exc())
             if raise_exception:
                 raise
@@ -171,7 +185,7 @@ def _prepare_request_properties(self, endpoint_conf, kwargs):
             if endpoint_conf['add_auth_url'] == 'to_data':
                 data['authURL'] = self.auth_url
             if endpoint_conf.get('content_type') == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded':
-                data_converted = data  # In this case Requests module convert the data automatically
+                data_converted = data  # In this case the data is converted automatically
             else:
                 data_converted = json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':'))  # Netflix rejects spaces
         else:
@@ -193,6 +207,7 @@ def _api_url(endpoint_address):
     baseurl = G.LOCAL_DB.get_value('api_endpoint_url', table=TABLE_SESSION)
     return f'{baseurl}{endpoint_address}'
 
+
 def _raise_api_error(decoded_response):
     if decoded_response.get('status', 'success') == 'error':
         raise APIError(decoded_response.get('message'))
diff --git a/resources/lib/utils/cookies.py b/resources/lib/utils/cookies.py
index 81e6e0aa2..e28ac5f0d 100644
--- a/resources/lib/utils/cookies.py
+++ b/resources/lib/utils/cookies.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
     See LICENSES/MIT.md for more information.
 """
 import pickle
+from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
+from threading import RLock
 from time import time
 
 import xbmcvfs
@@ -17,14 +19,38 @@
 from resources.lib.utils.logging import LOG
 
 
+class PickleableCookieJar(CookieJar):
+    """A pickleable CookieJar class"""
+    # This code has been adapted from RequestsCookieJar of "Requests" module
+    @classmethod
+    def cast(cls, cookie_jar: CookieJar):
+        """Make a kind of cast to convert the class from CookieJar to PickleableCookieJar"""
+        assert isinstance(cookie_jar, CookieJar)
+        cookie_jar.__class__ = cls
+        assert isinstance(cookie_jar, PickleableCookieJar)
+        return cookie_jar
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        """Unlike a normal CookieJar, this class is pickleable."""
+        state = self.__dict__.copy()
+        # remove the unpickleable RLock object
+        state.pop('_cookies_lock')
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        """Unlike a normal CookieJar, this class is pickleable."""
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+        if '_cookies_lock' not in self.__dict__:
+            self._cookies_lock = RLock()
+
+
 def save(cookie_jar, log_output=True):
     """Save a cookie jar to file and in-memory storage"""
     if log_output:
         log_cookie(cookie_jar)
     cookie_file = xbmcvfs.File(cookie_file_path(), 'wb')
     try:
-        # pickle.dump(cookie_jar, cookie_file)
-        cookie_file.write(bytearray(pickle.dumps(cookie_jar)))
+        cookie_file.write(bytearray(pickle.dumps(PickleableCookieJar.cast(cookie_jar))))
     except Exception as exc:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
         LOG.error('Failed to save cookies to file: {exc}', exc=exc)
     finally:
@@ -81,11 +107,12 @@ def cookie_file_path():
 
 def convert_chrome_cookie(cookie):
     """Convert a cookie from Chrome to a CookieJar format type"""
-    kwargs = {'domain': cookie['domain']}
-    if cookie['expires'] != -1:
-        kwargs['expires'] = int(cookie['expires'])
-    kwargs['path'] = cookie['path']
-    kwargs['secure'] = cookie['secure']
-    if cookie['httpOnly']:
-        kwargs['rest'] = {'HttpOnly': True}
-    return cookie['name'], cookie['value'], kwargs
+    return {
+        'name': cookie['name'],
+        'value': cookie['value'],
+        'domain': cookie['domain'],
+        'path': cookie['path'],
+        'secure': cookie['secure'],
+        'expires': int(cookie['expires']) if cookie['expires'] != -1 else None,
+        'rest': {'HttpOnly': True if cookie['httpOnly'] else None}
+    }

From ac127878c612a14df5f43399993f0b8cce209ae1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CastagnaIT <gottardo.stefano.83@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Jul 2021 17:50:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Removed "Requests" dependency

---
 addon.xml | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/addon.xml b/addon.xml
index feeb896dc..2adc63eb0 100644
--- a/addon.xml
+++ b/addon.xml
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
     <import addon="script.module.addon.signals" version="0.0.6+matrix.1"/>
     <import addon="script.module.inputstreamhelper" version="0.5.0+matrix.1"/>
     <import addon="script.module.pycryptodome" version="3.4.3"/>
-    <import addon="script.module.requests" version="2.22.0+matrix.1"/>
     <import addon="script.module.myconnpy" version="8.0.18+matrix.1"/> <!--MySQL Connector/Python-->
   </requires>
   <extension point="xbmc.python.pluginsource" library="addon.py">