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+---
+Title: 'Access Modifiers'
+Description: 'In Java, access modifiers control who can access classes, methods, or variables, helping protect data and enforce encapsulation. They allow you to hide details, share functionality safely, and organize code for better maintenance.'
+Subject:
+  - 'Computer Science'
+Tags:
+  - 'Access-Modifiers'
+  - 'OOP'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-java'
+  - 'paths/computer-science'
+---
+
+# Java Access Modifiers
+
+In Java, **access modifiers** control **who can use a class, method, or variable**.
+They are important for **data protection**, **encapsulation**, and **safe code design**.
+
+There are **four types of access modifiers**:
+
+
+## 1. Public
+
+- `public` is visible to everyone – inside or outside the package.
+- Use it when a class or method should be accessible by any other class.
+- Think of it as **“open for all”**.
+
+
+## 2. Private
+
+- `private` is visible only within the same class.
+- Use it to hide data or methods from other classes.
+- Helps protect your data and enforce encapsulation.
+
+
+## 3. Protected
+
+- `protected` is visible within the same package and to subclasses in other packages.
+- Use it when you want to share functionality with child classes but not everyone.
+- Useful in inheritance scenarios.
+
+
+## 4. Default (Package-Private)
+
+- Default (no modifier) is visible only within the same package.
+- Use it for internal package-level access that should not be exposed outside.
+- Helps organize related classes without exposing them publicly.
+
+
+## Comparison Table
+
+| Modifier     | Inside Class       | Same Package      | Subclass (Other Package)          | Other Packages              |
+|--------------|-------------------|-------------------|-----------------------------------|--------------------------|
+| **public**    | ✅ Yes             | ✅ Yes             | ✅ Yes                             | ✅ Yes                   |
+| **private**   | ✅ Yes             | ❌ No              | ❌ No                              | ❌ No                    |
+| **protected** | ✅ Yes             | ✅ Yes             | ✅ Yes                             | ❌ No                    |
+| **default**   | ✅ Yes             | ✅ Yes             | ❌ No                              | ❌ No                    |
diff --git a/content/java/concepts/loops/loops.md b/content/java/concepts/loops/loops.md
index 101d72d41ce..5b0e7e17929 100644
--- a/content/java/concepts/loops/loops.md
+++ b/content/java/concepts/loops/loops.md
@@ -43,6 +43,34 @@ The output would be:
 8
 ```
 
+## Do-While Loop
+
+The `do-while` loop is similar to a `while` loop, but the code block **executes at least once**, even if the condition is false. This makes it useful when you want the loop to run **at least one time** before checking the condition.
+
+```pseudo
+do {
+    // Code block to be executed
+} while (condition);
+```
+
+In this example, the code in the loop will run at least once, and then continue running as long as variable i is less than 10:
+
+```java
+int i = 5;
+
+do {
+    System.out.println(i);
+    i++;
+} while (i < 0);
+
+```
+
+The output would be:
+
+```shell
+5
+```
+
 ## For Loop
 
 A `for` loop iterates over a range of values. Its declaration is made up of the following three parts, each separated by a semicolon: