diff --git a/ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/flightRecorder.cpp b/ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/flightRecorder.cpp
index eeaa3f32d..6bae34f59 100644
--- a/ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/flightRecorder.cpp
+++ b/ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/flightRecorder.cpp
@@ -176,14 +176,18 @@ void Lookup::fillJavaMethodInfo(MethodInfo *mi, jmethodID method,
     bool entry = false;
     if (VMMethod::check_jmethodID(method) &&
         jvmti->GetMethodDeclaringClass(method, &method_class) == 0 &&
+        // GetMethodDeclaringClass may return a jclass wrapping a stale/garbage oop when the class was
+        // unloaded between sample capture and dump (TOCTOU race with class unloading). Guard against
+        // null handles before calling GetClassSignature.
+        method_class != NULL &&
         // On some older versions of J9, the JVMTI call to GetMethodDeclaringClass will return OK = 0, but when a
         // classloader is unloaded they free all JNIIDs. This means that anyone holding on to a jmethodID is
         // pointing to corrupt data and the behaviour is undefined.
         // The behaviour is adjusted so that when asgct() is used or if `-XX:+KeepJNIIDs` is specified,
         // when a classloader is unloaded, the jmethodIDs are not freed, but instead marked as -1.
-        // The nested check below is to mitigate these crashes.
-        // In more recent versions, the condition above will short-circuit safely.
-        ((!VM::isOpenJ9() || method_class != reinterpret_cast<jclass>(-1)) && jvmti->GetClassSignature(method_class, &class_name, NULL) == 0) &&
+        // The check below mitigates these crashes on J9.
+        (!VM::isOpenJ9() || method_class != reinterpret_cast<jclass>(-1)) &&
+        jvmti->GetClassSignature(method_class, &class_name, NULL) == 0 &&
         jvmti->GetMethodName(method, &method_name, &method_sig, NULL) == 0) {
 
       if (first_time) {
diff --git a/ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/hotspot/vmStructs.cpp b/ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/hotspot/vmStructs.cpp
index b3d047b27..52a91ca21 100644
--- a/ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/hotspot/vmStructs.cpp
+++ b/ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/hotspot/vmStructs.cpp
@@ -969,6 +969,12 @@ bool VMMethod::check_jmethodID_hotspot(jmethodID id) {
         }
     }
     if (VMStructs::class_loader_data_offset() >= 0) {
+        // Verify the Klass at cpool_holder is readable over the full range we're about to access,
+        // catching freed/reclaimed Klass memory between check_jmethodID and the JVMTI calls (PROF-14003).
+        if (!SafeAccess::isReadableRange(cpool_holder,
+                                         (size_t)VMStructs::class_loader_data_offset() + sizeof(void*))) {
+            return false;
+        }
         cl_data = (const char *)SafeAccess::load(
             (void **)(cpool_holder + VMStructs::class_loader_data_offset()));
         if (cl_data == NULL) {