Fix test_version during release process and simplify versions in README.md

[visr]

In the README.md we had version info like this:

release = "$tag"
commit = "$url/$short_commit"
branch = "$url/$short_name"
julia_version = "$julia_version"
core_version = "$version"

This cuts it down to just this:

version = "$tag"
commit = "$url/$short_commit"
branch = "$url/$short_name"

Where tag is of the form 2024.10.0-128-ge09eeb5 if it is after tag v2024.10.0, otherwise just 2024.10.0
The test_version just checks the form, because we bump the versions before doing a git tag, so they can be off by one version temporarily. I think that's simpler than introducing more difficult logic in set_version to handle this.

Fixes #1655

[evetion]

I restarted all builds on TC (were crashing because the disk was full), otherwise LGTM.