From 7afcbbc560e90709772d42515e218f17ca3a4a3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: pbuttigieg Date: Mon, 24 Apr 2017 16:42:36 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] adding tsv for #494 --- src/envo/reports/envo_subsets.tsv | 517 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 517 insertions(+) create mode 100644 src/envo/reports/envo_subsets.tsv diff --git a/src/envo/reports/envo_subsets.tsv b/src/envo/reports/envo_subsets.tsv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d30432 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/envo/reports/envo_subsets.tsv @@ -0,0 +1,517 @@ +?label ?subset ?def ?cls +"marine nutricline" "envoPolar" "The marine nutricline describes a sharp change in the nutrient content of seawater (in relation to the gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column." +"area of open water"@en "envoPolar" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"isthmus" "envoPolar" "Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas." +"area of lichen-dominated vegetation"@en "envoPolar" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by fruticose or foliose lichens and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"brine channel"@en "envoPolar" "A channel through which brine flows." +"cline" "envoPolar" "A cline is a comparatively thin, typically horizontal layer within a fluid, in which a property of the fluid varies greatly over a relatively short vertical distance." +"aerobic respiration, using ferrous ions as electron donor" "envoPolar" "The metabolic process in which ferrous ions (Fe2+) are oxidized to ferric ions (Fe3+) to generate energy, coupled to the reduction of carbon dioxide." +"tropical marine coral reef biome"@en "wwfBiome" "A marine coral reef biome which is occurs in a region with a tropical climate." +"tropical moist broadleaf forest biome" "wwfBiome" +"dust" "envoPolar" "Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere." +"large lake biome" "wwfBiome" +"environmental condition" "envoPolar" "An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system." +"temperate broadleaf forest biome" "wwfBiome" +"glacial erosion process"@en "envoPolar" "An erosion process during which the movement of a glacier across a terrestrial surface causes the removal of material from that surface." +"hydrothermal vent" "A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues." +"aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor" "envoPolar" "An aerobic respiration process in which a sulfur-containing molecule (hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, and various polythionates) is oxidized." +"atmospheric carbon dioxide" "envoPolar" "Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an environmental material composed of carbon dioxide in its gaseous form present in the atmosphere." +"ocean strait"@en "envoPolar" "An ocean strait is a strait which connects two oceans." +"desert biome" "wwfBiome" "A desert biome is a terrestrial biome which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation and includes communities adapted to these conditions." +"snow mass"@en "envoPolar" "A mass of snow." +"carbon-bearing gas emission process"@en "envoPolar" "A carbon emission process is any environmental process which outputs a carbon-bearing gas." +"mass gaseous flow"@en "envoPolar" "A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces." +"glacial transport process"@en "envoPolar" "A material transport process during which the snow and ice constituting a glacier, and anything contained within it, is transported down a slope by gravitation." +"aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor" "envoPolar" "The oxidation of hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. A hydrogenase enzyme binds H2 and the hydrogen atoms are passed through an electron transfer chain to O2 to form water." +"glacial plucking"@en "envoPolar" "Glacial plucking is an erosional process during which pieces of bedrock are cracked off due to the mechanical force of a moving glacier." +"marine pelagic zone" "envoPolar" "An open ocean region." +"sea ice floe"@en "envoPolar" "An ice floe which is formed from frozen sea water, and floats upon the surface of a marine water body." +"cryosphere"@en "envoPolar" "A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form." +"marine pelagic feature" "envoPolar" "A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column." +"large river headwater biome" "wwfBiome" +"xeric basin biome" "wwfBiome" "A biome which has little permanent surface water and a low relative abundance of springs." +"earthquake"@en "environmental_hazards" "An earthquake is a process whereby part of the surface of a planet shakes due to the passage of seismic waves through rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in a planet's crust is suddenly released. Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes." +"tidewater glacier" "envoPolar" "A glacier that flows into the sea." +"gas emission process"@en "envoPolar" "A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere." +"alpine glacier" "envoPolar" "A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley." +"tundra climatic condition" "envoPolar" "An tundra climatic condition is a polar condition in which at least one month's average temperature exceeds 0 degrees Celsius." +"area of perennial snow"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"englacial stream"@en "envoPolar" "A stream which is primarily composed of meltwater and which flows within a glacier or ice sheet." +"hailstorm"@en "environmental_hazards" "An atmospheric storm which intense hailfall occurs." +"sludge" "The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes." +"blizzard"@en "environmental_hazards" "A blizzard is a severe snowstorm during which snowfall is transported by strong winds, sustained for several hours." +"brine" "envoPolar" "Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl)." +"ecozone" "envoPolar" "Ecozones delineate large areas of the Earth's surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration." +"algal bloom process" "envoPolar" +"temperate mixed forest biome" "wwfBiome" +"hydrosphere"@en "envoPolar" "An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet." +"ice tongue" "envoPolar" "A long and narrow sheet of ice projecting out from the coastline. An ice tongue forms when a valley glacier moves very rapidly out into the ocean or a lake." +"hailfall"@en "envoPolar" "Hailfall is a hydrological process in which balls or irregular lumps of water ice formed in thunderstorm or cumulonimbus clouds fall to a planetary surface." +"sediment" "envoPolar" "Sediment is an environmental substance comprised of any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bedor bottom of a body of water or other liquid." +"marine environment" "envoPolar" "A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body." +"new ice formation process"@en "envoPolar" "An ice formation process during which water is frozen into a form of new ice such as frazil, grease ice, slush, or shuga." +"upper montane" "envoPolar" "An upper montane condition is a montane condition in which an altitude range falls immediately below the tree line." +"marine algal bloom" "envoPolar" "A marine algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a marine system. Typically, only one or a small number of phytoplankton species are involved. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae can be considered to be blooming at concentrations of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending on the severity." +"inlet" "envoPolar" "An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore." +"marine cold-water sphere" "envoPolar" "The marine cold-water sphere describes a water mass extending from the polar seas and across low latitudes at depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m, which is separated from the marine warm-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline" +"season"@en "envoPolar" "A one-dimensional temporal region which is delimited by the occurrence of processes which serve as its delimiters." +"air pollution" "environmental_hazards" "A pollution process that releases particulates into the atmosphere." +"vegetated area" "envoPolar" "A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities." +"lahar"@en "environmental_hazards" "A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley." +"avalanche"@en "environmental_hazards" "An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface." +"sodium chloride salt"@en "envoPolar" "A mineral material composed primarily of sodium chloride." +"marine channel" "envoPolar" +"outlet glacier" "envoPolar" "A glacier fed by an ice sheet." +"organism-associated habitat" "A habitat that is in or on a living thing." +"montane" "envoPolar" "A montane condition is an environmental condition in which an altitude range falls between mid-altitude forests and the tree line." +"glacier" "envoPolar" "An ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation." +"pollution monitoring" "envoPolar" "A monitoring process that assays the level of environmental pollutants to determine the presence of effect of environmental pollution." +"ocean acidification"@en "envoPolar" "Ocean acidification is a process whereby the pH of a sea or ocean is lowered." +"young ice"@en "envoPolar" "A sea ice floe which is inflexible and thicker then nilas." +"plastic pollution" "envoPolar" "A pollution process that results in increased levels of plastic in the environment." +"geographic basin"@en "envoPolar" "A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed." +"glacial sintering"@en "envoPolar" "A sintering process during which snow is compacted into glacial ice." +"glacial feature" "envoPolar" "A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice." +"glacial abrasion"@en "envoPolar" "A glacial abrasion process is an erosional process during which debris in the basal ice scrapes along the bed, polishing and gouging the underlying rocks, similar to sandpaper on wood." +"carbon dioxide-reducing sediment" "envoPolar" "Sediment hosting and characterised by active carbon dioxide reducing microbial communities." +"ice sheet" "envoPolar" "A mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km2." +"ice mass" "envoPolar" "A mass of ice." +"soil erosion"@en "envoPolar" "Soil erosion is a process in which exogenic processes remove soil from one location on the Earth's crust and transport it to another location where it is deposited." +"supraglacial lake"@en "envoPolar" "A water body which is located in a depression within the surface of a glacier." +"subtropical shrubland biome" "wwfBiome" +"atmosphere and water column exposed melt pond"@en "envoPolar" "A melt pond which spans an ice mass, and is exposed to both the atmosphere and any underlying water." +"shuga formation process"@en "envoPolar" "A new ice formation process in which shuga is formed." +"firn"@en "envoPolar" "Granular snow which contains a proportion of fused granules formed through melting and re-thawing while being compacted by the weight of overlying material and which contains interconnected gaseous pores." +"marine pockmark" "envoPolar" "Pockmarks are craters in the seabed resulting from the release of gas or liquid. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column." +"marine wind mixed layer" "envoPolar" "The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing." +"second year ice"@en "envoPolar" "Sea ice which is thicker than first year ice, and has survived a seasonal melting process." +"lightning flash"@en "environmental_hazards" "A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs within a single cloud or between multiple clouds." +"ash fall process"@en "environmental_hazards" "An ash fall process is a process in which volcanic ash formed during an explosive volcanic eruption, phreatomagmatic eruption, or during material transport in pyroclastic density currents is pulled towards the planetary surface by gravity." +"rainstorm"@en "environmental_hazards" "An atmospheric storm during which intense rainfall occurs." +"pelagic isohaline surface" "envoPolar" "A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal salinity." +"greenhouse gas" "envoPolar" +"slush formation process"@en "envoPolar" "A new ice formation process in which slush ice is formed." +"area of moss-dominated vegetation"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by mosses and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"sea ice" "envoPolar" "A frozen portion of sea water." +"storm surge"@en "environmental_hazards" "A storm surge is a coastal flood which is caused by low-pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides." +"area of developed space with high usage intensity"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials, possibly interspersed with cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. Such areas are used for hgih intensity purposes such as accommodating dense and multi-occupant residential, commercial, and industrial units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"carbon dioxide emission process"@en "envoPolar" "A carbon emission process is any environmental process which releases carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere." +"sulphate-reducing sediment" "envoPolar" "Sediment hosting and characterised by active sulphate reducing microbial communities." +"area of developed space with medium usage intensity"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering from half to three-forths of its extent and by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. Such areas are used for medium intensity purposes such as accommodating dense collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"nunatak" "envoPolar" "The exposed summit of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice mass is present." +"ice floe"@en "envoPolar" "A cohesive sheet of water ice which floats upon the surface of a water body." +"biogeochemical process" "envoPolar" +"deep chlorophyll maximum layer" "envoPolar" "A subsurface layer in a water body, typically an ocean or lake, in which chlorophyll concentrations reach their maximum." +"liquefied hydrocarbon gas"@en "envoPolar" +"tsunami"@en "environmental_hazards" "A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami." +"particulate matter"@en "envoPolar" "Particulate material is an environmental material which is composed of microscopic portions of solid or liquid material suspended in another environmental material." +"thermokarst lake"@en "envoPolar" "A freshwater lake which fills a depression formed by the erosion of thermokarst caused by permafrost thaw." +"brine rejection from seawater"@en "envoPolar" "A material transformation process during which brine is formed due to the expulsion of salt during frazil formation or a seawater freezing process." +"cold desert" "envoPolar" "A cold desert is a desert which has hot summers and cold, dry winters with temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius" +"soil pollution" "environmental_hazards" "A pollution process during which soil is contaminated." +"marine aphotic zone" "envoPolar" "The zone of an ocean below 200m, in which photosynthesis cannot occur due to the lack of light." +"snow" "envoPolar" "Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice." +"intraglacial lake"@en "envoPolar" "A lake which is comprised of meltwater located underneath or within a glacier." +"strand crack" "envoPolar" "Fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide." +"snowmelt"@en "envoPolar" "Snowmelt is a hydrological process in which water is produced by the melting of snow and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff." +"mass wasting flow"@en "envoPolar" "A mass wasting flow is a form of mass wasting during which the moving materials behave similarly to a flowing fluid. Water, air and ice are often involved in enabling fluidlike motion of the material." +"atmospheric lightning"@en "environmental_hazards" "A sudden electrostatic discharge which occurs during an electrical storm as differentially charged atmospheric entities equalise their charge." +"lower montane" "envoPolar" "A lower montane condition is a montane condition in which an altitude range falls immediately above mid-altitude forests." +"mangrove biome" "wwfBiome" "A mangrove biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove biomes often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action." +"field" "envoPolar" "An unbroken expanse (as of ice)" +"subtropical savanna biome" "wwfBiome" +"greenhouse effect"@en "envoPolar" "A process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases." +"biogenous sediment" "envoPolar" "Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths." +"coastal flooding"@en "environmental_hazards" "Coastal flooding is a process in which normally dry, low-lying land near a coast is flooded by sea water." +"ecosystem-wide photosynthesis" "envoPolar" "A process which consists of all photosynthesis processes instantiated in an ecosystem." +"marine pelagic biome" "envoPolar" "The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths." +"lightning strike"@en "environmental_hazards" "A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs between a cloud and an object on a planetary surface, or a planetary surface itself." +"cirque glacier"@en "envoPolar" "A small glacier contained within a cirque basin." +"underground lake" "envoPolar" "A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs." +"plastic" "envoPolar" "A (portion of) plastic is an (portion of) anthropogenic environmental material including any of numerous organic synthetic or processed materials which are primarily composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight." +"continental slope" "envoPolar" "The seabed below the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break). The continental slope is much steeper than the shelf; the average angle is 3, but it can be as low as 1 or as high as 10. The slope is often cut with submarine canyons." +"second year ice formation"@en "envoPolar" "A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto first year ice during the cold season, forming second year sea ice." +"ocean basin" "envoPolar" "A structural basin that is below sea level." +"brine channel formation process"@en "envoPolar" "A material accumulation process during which brine droplets, trapped between ice crystals formed during seawater freezing, form brine channels." +"freezing rainfall"@en "envoPolar" "Rainfall which occurs when the temperature of a planetary surface and its surrounding atmosphere are below the freezing point of water, resulting in supercooled raindrops which freeze upon impact with solid surfaces." +"sea ice formation process"@en "envoPolar" "An ice formation process during which seawater is frozen into a sea ice." +"glacial ice gain"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which the mass of ice constituting a glacier increases." +"continental shelf" "envoPolar" "The extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow sea." +"marine oxygen minimum zone" "envoPolar" +"area of pastureland or hayfields"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by planted grasses, legumes, or mixtures of grass and legumes and used for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"atmospheric layer"@en "envoPolar" "A layer that is part of the atmosphere." +"area of perennial water ice"@en "envoPolar" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"glacial valley" "envoPolar" "A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section." +"soot"@en "envoPolar" "Particulate matter primarily composed of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons." +"freshwater lake" "envoPolar" "A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts." +"water ice sublimation process"@en "envoPolar" "A sublimation process during which water ice transitions into a gaseous state." +"periglacial lake" "envoPolar" "A lake, part of whose margin is formed by an ice mass, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land." +"xeric shrubland biome" "wwfBiome" +"ice cap" "envoPolar" "A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area)." +"mountain" "envoPolar" "A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit and a local relief of more than 300m." +"coastal sea water" "envoPolar" "Coastal sea water is sea water that is adjacent to a coast." +"biogeochemical cycling" "envoPolar" +"tropical grassland biome" "wwfBiome" +"ice ablation process"@en "envoPolar" "An ice loss process which occurs in the low-altitude area of a glacier or ice sheet below the firn layer." +"microbial mat material" "envoPolar" "Material derived from a microbial mat, a multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats create a wide range of internal chemical environments." +"aquatic layer" "envoPolar" "A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water." +"aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor" "envoPolar" "The oxidation of nitrite (NO2) to nitrate (NO3), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Nitrite oxidation is the final step in nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, and nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) is the key enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of nitrite to nitrate in nitrite oxidizing species." +"marine snow" "envoPolar" "Marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone." +"hypersaline water" "envoPolar" +"air" "The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth." +"fossil" "The mineralized or otherwise preserved remains or traces (such as footprints) of animals, plants, and other organisms." +"lava flow" "environmental_hazards" "A lava flow is a moving outpouring of lava, which is created during a non-explosive effusive eruption." +"ice-encased melt pond"@en "envoPolar" "A melt pond which is completely encased in ice and thus not directly exposed to the atmosphere or underlying water." +"polynya" "envoPolar" "Any enclosed water area in pack ice other than a lead, not large enough to be called open water. When frozen over, a polyna becomes an ice skylight from the point of view of the submariner." +"subpolar" "envoPolar" "A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius." +"brackish water environment" "envoPolar" "An environment determined by the presence of brackish water." +"ice field" "envoPolar" "A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost." +"pelagic isothermal surface" "envoPolar" "A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water temperature." +"cryoconite hole"@en "envoPolar" "A vertical thaw hole within an ice mass, formed by ice melt associated with local temperature increases, due to increased absorption of solar radiation by cryoconite deposits." +"coastal flood"@en "environmental_hazards" "A coastal flood is a flood which is formed as a result of large amounts of water from marine water bodies or large lakes being transported to usually dry land by displacement processes such as high winds or seismic activity." +"cryoform"@en "envoPolar" "A geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice." +"area of mixed forest"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees maintain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome" "wwfBiome" +"channel"@en "envoPolar" "A structure which traverses a mass of one or more environmental materials, and encloses a roughly tubular site." +"tunnel valley" "envoPolar" "A deep but narrow valley with a 'U' shaped cross-section and frequently a 'U' shaped plan which is usually found filled with glacial till. It is formed when the edge of an ice mass advances up a slope. Its length may be appropriately measured in centimetres or kilometres, depending on the circumstances of formation." +"marine anoxic zone" "envoPolar" "Marine anoxic zones are areas of marine water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. This condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange. In most cases, oxygen is prevented from reaching the deeper levels by a physical barrier (sill) as well as by a pronounced density stratification. Anoxic conditions will occur if the rate of oxidation of organic matter by bacteria is greater than the supply of dissolved oxygen." +"megathrust earthquake"@en "environmental_hazards" "A megathrust earthquake is a tectonic earthquake which occurs at subduction zones at destructive plate boundaries (convergent boundaries). These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0." +"mass wasting"@en "envoPolar" "Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides." +"erosion" "envoPolar" "An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove soil and rock from one location on the Earth's crust, then transport it to another location where it is deposited." +"aquifer" "envoPolar" "An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well." +"montane grassland biome" "wwfBiome" "A montane grassland biome is a grassland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions." +"marine lysocline" "envoPolar" "The marine lysocline denotes the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically. As water column depth and therefore pressure increases, the corresponding calcite saturation of seawater decreases and the calcite begins dissolve." +"hydrocarbon gas emission process"@en "envoPolar" "A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere." +"biofilm" "A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix; usually adhering to a substratum." +"coastal water body" "envoPolar" "Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast." +"flash flood"@en "environmental_hazards" "A flash flood is a flood formed by the rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam. Flash floods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale of less than six hours." +"slab avalanche"@en "envoPolar" "A mass wasting process during which slab snow rapidly moves down a sloping surface." +"ice piedmont" "envoPolar" "A glacier covering a coastal strip of low-lying land backed by mountains, and sloping gently seaward over a distance up to 30km or more to terminate in ice cliffs or to merge with an ice shelf." +"astronomical body part"@en "envoPolar" "A material part of an astronomical body." +"ice lens" "envoPolar" "A mass which is formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates and freezes in a localized zone, wedging soil or rock apart." +"ice cap depression" "envoPolar" "A depression which is part of an ice cap." +"marine chemocline" "envoPolar" "A marine chemocline is a marine cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of marine water. Chemoclines most commonly occur where local conditions favor the formations of anoxic bottom water." +"plateau glacier" "envoPolar" "A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet." +"water column exposed melt pond"@en "envoPolar" "A melt pond which is located toward the base of an ice mass and is open to any underlying water." +"methanogenesis" "envoPolar" "The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes." +"blue ice"@en "envoPolar" "Water ice containing little to no air bubbles resulting in a reduction of internal light scattering and, given sufficient volume, a blue appearance." +"hydrocarbon gas"@en "envoPolar" "A gas that is primarily composed of hydrocarbon molecules." +"wildfire"@en "environmental_hazards" "A conflagration which is uncontrolled and combusts material in a vegetated area, be it rural or wild." +"cold environment" "envoPolar" "A cold environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to low temperatures." +"tropical shrubland biome" "wwfBiome" +"drought"@en "environmental_hazards" "A hydrological precipitation process with a reduced rate relative to some historical average, typically resulting in ecosystemic perturbations." +"ocean" "envoPolar" "Continuous saline-water bodies that surround the continents and fill the Earth's great depressions." +"migration path"@en "envoPolar" "An ecological corridor through which organisms move during a migration process." +"wet snow avalanche"@en "envoPolar" "An avalanche during which a suspension of water and snow flows down a sloping surface." +"tundra" "envoPolar" "Treeless, level, or gently rolling plains characteristic of arctic or subarctic regions, having a permanently frozen subsoil, and usually supporting low growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs." +"icestorm"@en "envoPolar" "An atmospheric storm during which freezing rain falls and accumulates as ice on exposed surfaces." +"cloud condensation nucleus"@en "envoPolar" "A solid or liquid particle, usually 0.2 micrometers in diameter, on which water vapour condenses, seeding cloud formation." +"aeolian transport process"@en "envoPolar" "A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind." +"coastal inlet" "envoPolar" "An opening of the sea into the land." +"terminal moraine" "envoPolar" "Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus." +"water pollution" "environmental_hazards" "A pollution process during which water is contaminated." +"sea cliff" "envoPolar" "A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean." +"range of mounts" "envoPolar" +"ecosystem-wide aerobic respiration"@en "envoPolar" "A process which consists of all aerobic respiration processes instantiated in an ecosystem." +"glacial lake" "envoPolar" "A lake which is primarily composed of glacial meltwater and which fills a depression formed as a result of a glacial erosion process." +"storm"@en "environmental_hazards" "A storm is an environmental process in which an environmental system and the processes it participates in are strongly perturbed by external forcings. These forcings typically increase the rates of processes unfolding in the system, relative to their normal rates." +"freshwater algal bloom" "envoPolar" "An algal bloom that is located in freshwater. Freshwater algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients, particularly some phosphates." +"area of barren land"@en "envoPolar" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"metotsunami"@en "environmental_hazards" "A meteotsunami is a tsunami caused by atmospheric processes and differences in air pressure." +"material decumulation process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, decreases." +"snow patch"@en "envoPolar" "An accumulation of snow and firn which rests upon land." +"hair ice"@en "envoPolar" "A type of water ice that forms on dead wood with the assistance of the fungus Exidiopsis effusa and takes the shape of fine, silky hair." +"thaw hole"@en "envoPolar" "A vertical meltpond hole which has formed through an ice mass floating on a water body, bridging the atmosphere to the underlying water." +"disturbed area" "envoPolar" "A disturbed area is an environmental zone which includes an ecosystem which was subject to an ecological disturbance. That is, the ecosystem in the area has undergone a pronounced change in response to a change in environmental conditions or other perturbation." +"marine water mass"@en "envoPolar" "A mass of marine water." +"thermokarst depression"@en "envoPolar" "A geographic basin which is formed due to the erosion of thermokarst by meltwater released from thawing permafrost." +"ice cap ridge" "envoPolar" "A linear elevation on an icecap." +"ice formation process"@en "envoPolar" "A depositional process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice." +"polar stratospheric cloud"@en "envoPolar" "Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds which form in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 metres and which support chemical reactions that produce active chlorine and remove gaseous nitric acid, catalysing ozone destruction." +"biosphere"@en "envoPolar" "A biosphere is an environmental system which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body, and the non-living and dead entities which they interact with." +"polluted lake"@en "environmental_hazards" "A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it." +"mountain range" "envoPolar" "A series of connected and aligned mountains or mountain ridges." +"lateral moraine" "envoPolar" "The parallel ridges of till deposited along the sides of an alglacier. The unconsolidated debris is deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls and from tributary streams flowing into the valley. The till is carried along the glacial margin until the glacier melts." +"manganese-reducing sediment" "envoPolar" "Sediment hosting and characterised by active manganese reducing microbial communities." +"snowfall"@en "environmental_hazards" "A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to a planetary surface." +"atmospheric column"@en "envoPolar" "A vertical pillar defined by a unit area on a planetary surface and bounded by the top of the atmosphere that is used to quantify an atmospheric parameter such as pressure, ozone or precipitable water." +"extreme habitat" "A habitat having at least one environmental quality that tends towards either the largest or smallest element of the set. The physical or geochemical extreme conditions found in an extreme habitat are often detrimental to the majority of life on Earth." +"material accumulation process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases." +"small river biome" "wwfBiome" +"water ice" "envoPolar" "Ice is water frozen into a solid state. It can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance." +"lake" "envoPolar" "A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land." +"methane clathrate"@en "envoPolar" "A clathrate material in which a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice." +"temperate marginal sea biome"@en "wwfBiome" +"pancake ice"@en "envoPolar" "A sea ice floe which has a rounded or circular shape and raised rims." +"artificial harbor" "envoPolar" "A harbor constructed by human agency." +"aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor" "envoPolar" "The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen; enzymatic reactions convert ammonia to hydrazine, and hydrazine to nitrite." +"powdery snow avalanche"@en "envoPolar" "An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface." +"layer" "envoPolar" "A layer is a quantity of some material which has comparable thickness and usually covers some surface." +"microbial feature" "envoPolar" +"volcanic eruption"@en "environmental_hazards" "A volcanic process is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure." +"liquid environmental material"@en "envoPolar" "An environmental material which is in a liquid state." +"proglacial lake" "envoPolar" "A lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine or ice dam during the retreat of a melting glacier, or one formed by meltwater trapped against an ice mass due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice." +"flooded savanna biome" "wwfBiome" "A flooded savanna biome is a savanna biome which has very wet to saturated soil moisture content." +"aeolian transport of snow"@en "envoPolar" "An aeolian transport process during which powdery snow is displaced and moved." +"geological subsidence"@en "environmental_hazards" "A subsidence process is a geomorphologic process in which a surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level." +"snowstorm"@en "environmental_hazards" "An atmospheric storm during which intense snowfall occurs." +"marine photic zone" "envoPolar" "The zone of an ocean from the surface to where photosynthesis can occur, due to the penetration of light." +"storm surge process"@en "environmental_hazards" "A storm surge process is a coastal flooding process which is caused by low pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides." +"ice calving process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which a part of an ice mass breaks away from the main mass." +"depositional process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which material entities are added to a landform or to a feature upon the landform." +"area of emergent herbaceous wetland"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by perennial herbaceous vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"mediterranean shrubland biome" "wwfBiome" "A mediterranean shrubland biome is a subtropical shrubland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water." +"paternoster lake" "envoPolar" "One of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system." +"multiyear ice"@en "envoPolar" "Sea ice which is thicker then second year ice, and has survived more than two seasonal melting process." +"nilas"@en "envoPolar" "A sea ice floe which is thin, elastic, continuous, and of a transparent gray color, which results from the freezing of new ice." +"snowfall"@en "envoPolar" "A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to a planetary surface." +"temperate mediterranean sea biome"@en "wwfBiome" +"marine neritic benthic zone biome" "envoPolar" "The marine neritic zone biome comprises sea floor from the high tide mark to a continental shelf break. This zone generally extends to 200 m below average sea level." +"asthenosphere"@en "envoPolar" "An asthenosphere is a layer of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite which is highly viscous, mechanically weak, and ductilely deforming." +"ice cap dome" "envoPolar" "A comparatively elevated area on an icecap." +"marine benthic biome" "envoPolar" "The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed." +"marine thermocline" "envoPolar" "The marine thermocline describes a sharp change in the temperature of seawater (in relation to the temperature gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column, which is usually associated with rapid changes in water density and salinity." +"animal-associated habitat" "A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here \"animal\" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33208." +"area of gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"soil" "Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms." +"powdery snow avalanche"@en "environmental_hazards" "An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface." +"marine sediment"@en "envoPolar" "Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor." +"powdery snow"@en "envoPolar" "Uncompacted snow containing trapped atmospheric gases." +"ecological community" "envoPolar" "A collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area." +"cryoconite"@en "envoPolar" "Particulate matter which is composed primarily of dust, rock, and soot, as well as the microbial communities associated with these materials, deposited on an ice mass by an aeolian process." +"oceanic zone" "envoPolar" "The water mass of an ocean that is not above a continental shelf." +"snowstorm"@en "envoPolar" "An atmospheric storm during which intense snowfall occurs." +"planet"@en "envoPolar" "A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals." +"tarn" "envoPolar" "A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn." +"area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceious vegetation"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"air" "envoPolar" "The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth." +"siliceous ooze" "envoPolar" "Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr." +"hydrographic feature" "envoPolar" "A geographical feature associated with water." +"slab avalanche"@en "environmental_hazards" "A mass wasting process during which slab snow rapidly moves down a sloping surface." +"subglacial lake"@en "envoPolar" "A lake which is situated beneath a glacier." +"tropical coniferous forest biome" "wwfBiome" +"glacial ice loss"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which the mass of ice constituting a glacier decreases." +"warm season"@en "envoPolar" "A season during which the average temperature of a planetary part exceeds that of all other seasons it endures during a season generating process." +"arid" "envoPolar" "An arid condition is an environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration." +"moraine" "envoPolar" "An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier." +"geographic feature" "envoPolar" +"urban pollution" "environmental_hazards" "A pollution process that results in increased levels of pollutants in an urban environment." +"mediterranean forest biome" "wwfBiome" "A mediterranean forest biome is a forest biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water." +"icestorm"@en "environmental_hazards" "An atmospheric storm during which freezing rain falls and accumulates as ice on exposed surfaces." +"wet snow avalanche"@en "environmental_hazards" "An avalanche during which a suspension of water and snow flows down a sloping surface." +"icefall" "envoPolar" "A portion of a glacier characterized by rapid flow and a chaotic crevassed surface." +"polar desert biome" "envoPolar" "A polar desert biome is a desert biome which is subject to low levels of insolation, annual precipitation less than 250 millimeters, and a mean temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius during its warmest month. Temperature changes in polar deserts frequently cross the freezing point of water." +"ice-covered lake" "envoPolar" "A lake permanently covered by ice." +"snow drift formation"@en "envoPolar" "An accumulation process during which a powdery snow carried on the wind settles on a solid surface, forming a mound." +"ablation zone"@en "envoPolar" "An environmental zone which is primarily composed of water ice, present as a glacier or an ice sheet, and in which ice loss exceeds ice gain." +"temperate marine upwelling biome"@en "wwfBiome" +"photosynthesis" "envoPolar" "The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds." +"area of barren land"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"water pollution" "envoPolar" "A pollution process during which water is contaminated." +"pingo" "envoPolar" "A mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter." +"environmental zone" "envoPolar" "An environmental zone is an environmental feature whose extent is determined by the presence or influence of one or more material entities or processes. An environmental zone may, itself, assume the role of an environmental feature." +"permanent marine thermocline" "envoPolar" "The permanent marine thermocline describes a marine thermocline found in temperate to tropical latitudes, which marks the transition between warm waters and cold deep waters. The permanent thermocline separates the marine cold-water sphere and the marine warm-water sphere" +"atmospheric boundary layer" "envoPolar" "The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence).\n\n\n" +"areal flooding"@en "environmental_hazards" "Areal flooding is a flooding process in which flat or low-lying areas become inundated with water due to water input exceeding infiltration, evaporation, or run off." +"important site"@en "envoPolar" "An environmental zone which contains, as determined by an officially mandated selection process, one or more ecosystems which include, as parts, ecological communities of global significance for conservation due to their vulnerability and irreplaceability." +"iceberg calving process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass as an iceberg." +"illuminated biosphere part"@en "envoPolar" "An astronomical body part which includes those parts of a biosphere that are, at least periodically, illuminated and in which photosynthesis may occur." +"carbon cycling" "envoPolar" +"methane gas emission process"@en "envoPolar" "A hydrocarbon gas emission process during which a portion of methane gas is transported into the atmosphere." +"dirt cone" "envoPolar" "A feature of a glacier, in which dirt, which has fallen into a hollow in the ice, forms a coating which insulates the ice below. The surrounding ice melts away, leaving the dirt cone." +"permafrost thawing process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which permafrost is warmed such that a portion of its constituent water ice is converted into meltwater." +"ice ablation zone"@en "envoPolar" "An ablation zone in which an ice ablation process occurs." +"harbor" "envoPolar" "A place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored." +"area of developed open space"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"marine biome" "envoPolar" "An aquatic biome that comprises systems of open-ocean and unprotected coastal habitats, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt." +"montane shrubland biome" "wwfBiome" "A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions." +"riverine flood"@en "environmental_hazards" "A riverine flood is a flood which is formed as a result of a river's flow rate exceeding the capacity of its channel." +"nival" "envoPolar" "A nival condition is an environmental condition in which vegetation is extremely limited, soils are silica enriched, and ground cover is dominated by snow and ice at altitudes above the snowline." +"ground moraine" "envoPolar" "A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats." +"desert" "envoPolar" "A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall." +"fumarole-derived ice tower"@en "envoPolar" "A hollow tower of ice formed by the freezing of steam escaping a fumarole." +"fjord lake" "envoPolar" "A lake in a glacially eroded valley, which has been eroded below sea level." +"erosionally enriched glacial ice"@en "envoPolar" "Glacial ice which contains material liberated during a glacial erosion process." +"ground blizzard"@en "environmental_hazards" "A ground blizzard is a storm during which snow which has settled on a planetary surface is resuspended in and transported through its atmosphere by strong winds, sustained for several hours." +"frazil ice"@en "envoPolar" "New ice which is composed of small, needle-like crystals consisting of nearly pure fresh water." +"seasonal melting process"@en "envoPolar" "A material transformation process during which a material entity melts during a warm season." +"oceanic crust"@en "envoPolar" "Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate." +"lake inlet" "envoPolar" "An opening of a lake into its shore." +"calving of ice from an iceberg"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass as an iceberg." +"large river delta biome" "wwfBiome" +"mass wasting"@en "environmental_hazards" "Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides." +"atmospheric storm"@en "environmental_hazards" "An atmospheric storm is a process in which a portion of an astronomical body's atmosphere is strongly perturbed from its prevaling weather." +"explosive eruption"@en "environmental_hazards" "An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter." +"flooded grassland biome" "wwfBiome" +"plant-associated habitat" "A habitat that is in or on a living plant. Here \"plant\" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33090 (viridiplantae)." +"tectonic earthquake"@en "environmental_hazards" "A tectonic earthquake is an earthquake caused by the release of elastic strain. A tectonic earthquake occurs when strains in rock masses have accumulated to a point where the resulting stresses exceed the strength of the rocks, and sudden fracturing results." +"alpine soil" "envoPolar" +"mountain pass" "envoPolar" "A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains." +"mass wasting flow"@en "environmental_hazards" "A mass wasting flow is a form of mass wasting during which the moving materials behave similarly to a flowing fluid. Water, air and ice are often involved in enabling fluidlike motion of the material." +"glacial ice thrusting"@en "envoPolar" "Glacial ice thrusting is an erosional process during which a moving glacier which has frozen to its bed surges forward and moves large sheets of sediment frozen to the glacial mass." +"subtropical coniferous forest biome" "wwfBiome" +"methane-sourced permafrost crater"@en "envoPolar" "A crater which is found in permafrost and formed as a result of an explosion fuelled by methane formerly contained in that permafrost." +"marine current" "envoPolar" "A marine current is a continuous, directed movement of marine water generated by the forces acting upon this mean flow, such as breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences and tides caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength." +"area of evergreen forest"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees maintain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"multiyear ice formation process"@en "envoPolar" "A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes into second year ice during the cold season, forming multiyear ice." +"ice shelf" "envoPolar" "A thick, floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface." +"intercloud lightning"@en "environmental_hazards" "A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs between at least two clouds." +"nivation"@en "envoPolar" "A material transformation process during which recently precipitated, powdery snow transitions into firn or névé through compaction and/or through cycles of freezing and thawing." +"urban flooding"@en "environmental_hazards" "Urban flooding is a flooding process in which land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, is inundated due to the rate of water input exceeding that of water drainage provided by the environment's drainage systems." +"active geological fault"@en "environmental_hazards" "An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years." +"polar" "envoPolar" "A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. On Earth, polar conditions are such that every month has average temperature lower than 10 degrees Celsius." +"anaerobic sediment" "envoPolar" "Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen." +"polar biome" "envoPolar" "A biome which has the environmental condition polar" +"sea ice formation process"@en "envoPolar" "A material transformation process during which seawater freezes into sea ice." +"cirque" "envoPolar" "A depression which is semicircular or crescent-shaped, found towards the crest of a mountain, and formed by the erosional processes caused by the motion of a glacier." +"tundra mire" "envoPolar" "Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR." +"flooding"@en "environmental_hazards" "A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water." +"marine neritic zone" "envoPolar" "The water mass of an ocean directly above a continental shelf." +"freezing rainfall"@en "environmental_hazards" "Rainfall which occurs when the temperature of a planetary surface and its surrounding atmosphere are below the freezing point of water, resulting in supercooled raindrops which freeze upon impact with solid surfaces." +"microbial mat" "A multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces but a few survive in deserts." +"ice rise" "envoPolar" "An ice rise is an elevation which is part of an ice shelf, typically dome shared, and formed by the ice shelf overriding an obstruction in the seabed. An ice rise may be adjacent only to an ice shelf, or to an ice shelf and a sea. For some features, properly ice rises, the term island has become established through usage." +"tundra biome" "envoPolar" "A tundra is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, only low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Tundra biomes rarely have monthly average temperatures above 10 degrees Celsius and have low evapotranspiration ratios." +"shuga"@en "envoPolar" "New ice, which is spongy, lumpy and opaque, and forms from water which freezes in an agitated water body." +"area of perennial water ice"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"riverine flooding"@en "environmental_hazards" "Riverine flooding is a process in which the flow rate of river water exceeds the capacity of its channel, thus flooding neighbouring land. Bends and meanders in a river channel are particularly disposed to such flooding." +"planetary photic zone"@en "envoPolar" "A planetary part which is exposed, at least periodically, to light." +"atmospheric water vapour" "envoPolar" "Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere." +"obsolete food product" +"medial moraine" "envoPolar" "A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers." +"permafrost methane explosion"@en "envoPolar" "An explosion during which methane-rich gas trapped in permafrost combusts." +"effusive eruption"@en "environmental_hazards" "An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption during which lava flows onto the ground." +"hydrological condensation process"@en "envoPolar" "Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase." +"material transport process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which material is displaced from it's original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location." +"freshwater habitat" "A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (<0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre)." +"environmental pollution" "environmental_hazards" "An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment." +"sea water environment" "envoPolar" "An environmental system determined by seawater." +"lake channel" "envoPolar" +"debris flow"@en "environmental_hazards" +"fjord" "envoPolar" "A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation." +"seasonal marine thermocline" "envoPolar" "The seasonal marine thermocline is a marine thermocline, which generally occurs below the marine wind mixed layer." +"marine layer" "envoPolar" "A layer that is part of a marine water body." +"cultured habitat" "Cultured habitat is an controlled habitat created by humans through laboratory techniques usually for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures." +"sea" "envoPolar" "A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean." +"clathrate material"@en "envoPolar" "A material which is primarily composed of a substance arranged as a lattice which can trap or contain other molecules." +"sound" "envoPolar" "A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land." +"young ice formation process"@en "envoPolar" "A sea ice formation process during which water freezes to the bottom of an existing nilas ice floe creating a thicker ice floe known as young ice." +"iron-reducing sediment" "envoPolar" "Sediment hosting and characterised by active iron reducing microbial communities." +"waste water" "Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence." +"intracloud lightning"@en "environmental_hazards" "A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs within a single cloud." +"sediment" "Sediment is an environmental substance comprised of any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bedor bottom of a body of water or other liquid." +"fresh water" "envoPolar" +"area of scrub"@en "nlcd2011" "" +"thermokarst"@en "envoPolar" "An irregular land surface which consists of marshy hollows, hummocks, thermokarst depressions and thermokarst lakes formed from the erosion of ice-rich thawing permafrost areas." +"grease ice layer"@en "envoPolar" "A layer which consists of a thin aggregate of frazil ice crystals, which float upon the surface of a water body." +"climate change"@en "envoPolar" "The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system." +"water ice crystal"@en "envoPolar" "A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice." +"altitudinal condition" "envoPolar" "An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude." +"cold season"@en "envoPolar" "A season during which the average temperature of a planetary part is below that of all other seasons it endures during a season generating process." +"peatland" "envoPolar" "A wetland type that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material." +"tundra biome" "wwfBiome" "A tundra is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, only low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Tundra biomes rarely have monthly average temperatures above 10 degrees Celsius and have low evapotranspiration ratios." +"marine pycnocline" "envoPolar" "The marine pycnocline describes a sharp change in the density of seawater (in relation to the gradients of the water mass surrounding it) in the marine water column. Pycnoclines are usually associated with thermo- and haloclines." +"brine pool" "envoPolar" "MERGED DEFINITION:\nTARGET DEFINITION: A large area of brine on the ocean basin near cold seep vents which release methane into the water. These pools are concentrations of water having an extremely high salinity as compared to the surrounding ocean, caused by the motion of large salt deposits through salt tectonics.\n--------------------\nSOURCE DEFINITION: Marine brine pools are large areas of brine on the ocean basin. These pools are bodies of water that have a salinity three to five times greater than the surrounding ocean. For deep-sea brine pools the source of the salt is the dissolution of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. The brine often contains high concentrations of methane, providing energy to chemosynthetic animals that live near the pool." +"ocean biome" "envoPolar" "The ocean biome comprises major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt." +"erosionally enriched ice"@en "envoPolar" "Water ice which contains material liberated during an erosion process." +"soil pollution" "envoPolar" "A pollution process during which soil is contaminated." +"area of woody wetland"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by forest or shrubland vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"deep marine sediment" "envoPolar" "Sediment that accumulates in the flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. The three main types of deep marine sediment, also known as pelagic sediment, are siliceous oozes, calcareous oozes, and red clays." +"lava flow process"@en "environmental_hazards" "A process in which a volume of lava emitted during an effusive eruption moves along a solid surface." +"sedimentation in a water body"@en "envoPolar" "A material accumulation process during which solid particles are pulled through a water body by gravitation or centrifugal force and which ends when they settle on a solid surface." +"area of developed space with low usage intensity"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation and by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering up to approximately half its extent. Such areas are used for low intensity purposes such as accommodating collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"ice gain"@en "envoPolar" "A material accumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass increases." +"frazil ice formation"@en "envoPolar" "A new ice formation process in which frazil ice crystals form due to the freezing of open, turbulent, supercooled water." +"avalanche"@en "envoPolar" "An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface." +"first year ice"@en "envoPolar" "Sea ice which is thicker than young ice." +"air pollution" "envoPolar" "A pollution process that releases particulates into the atmosphere." +"alpine" "envoPolar" "An alpine condition is an environmental condition in which the monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and which occurs at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline." +"permafrost" "envoPolar" "Soil at or below the freezing point of water (0C or 32F) for two or more years. Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material." +"iceberg" "envoPolar" "A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water." +"solid-phase sintering"@en "envoPolar" "A compaction process during which a material entity subjected to heat and/or pressure is compacted into a solid mass without undergoing melting." +"subpolar coniferous forest biome" "wwfBiome" "A subpolar coniferous forest biome is a coniferous forest biome which includes communities adapted to subpolar conditions." +"planetary atmosphere"@en "envoPolar" "An atmosphere which surrounds a planet." +"hot spring" "A spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally-heated groundwater from the Earth's crust." +"flood"@en "environmental_hazards" "An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas." +"cryosol" "envoPolar" "Cryosols comprise mineral soils formed in a permafrost environment. Where water is present, it occurs primarily in the form of ice. Cryogenic processes are the dominant soil-forming processes." +"first year ice formation process"@en "envoPolar" "A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto young ice during the cold season, forming first year ice." +"tropical dry broadleaf forest biome" "wwfBiome" +"rockfall"@en "environmental_hazards" +"landslide process"@en "environmental_hazards" "A landslide is a process whereby a large mass of earth and rocks moves down a hill or a mountainside." +"ecoregion" "envoPolar" "A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions." +"material transformation process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials." +"new ice"@en "envoPolar" "Water ice which is formed from freezing water during a new ice formation process and is suspended in a water body." +"methane-releasing thermokarst lake"@en "envoPolar" "A thermokarst lake through which methane gas released from thawing permafrost, or other methane stores, rises and escapes to the atmosphere." +"plastic pollution" "environmental_hazards" "A pollution process that results in increased levels of plastic in the environment." +"freshwater biome" "envoPolar" "A biome that applies to the freshwater realm." +"glacial ice"@en "envoPolar" "Any water ice that is part of a glacier." +"environmental role" "envoPolar" "A role which is may be realised by an environmental system" +"natural harbor" "envoPolar" "A harbor which is formed by a natural landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage." +"underground water" "envoPolar" "Water which has physicochemical properties determined by processes which occur beneath the planetary crust." +"slush ice layer"@en "envoPolar" "A layer which consists of slush ice." +"hanging valley" "envoPolar" "A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume." +"brackish water" "envoPolar" "Water which has a higher salinity than fresh water but a lower salinity than marine water." +"temperate coniferous forest biome" "wwfBiome" +"water-based rainfall"@en "envoPolar" "A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity." +"explosion process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which a material entity undergoes a rapid increase in volume, releasing gasses and various forms of energy, often including thermal, light and sound energy." +"flash flooding"@en "environmental_hazards" "Flash flooding is a process in which low-lying land is inundated with water for a short period of time and are usually the result of precipitation or a breach in the container of a water body." +"saline water environment" "envoPolar" +"continental crust"@en "envoPolar" "A layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves." +"island" "envoPolar" "Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland." +"planktonic material"@en "envoPolar" "A portion of planktonic material is a portion of environmental material primarily composed of plankton." +"compaction process"@en "envoPolar" "A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together." +"snow drift"@en "envoPolar" "An accumulation of powdery snow which was transported and deposited via a snow drifting process." +"pelagic isopycnal surface" "envoPolar" "A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water density." +"snow field" "envoPolar" "A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes." +"rubbish landslide"@en "environmental_hazards" "A mass wasting process during which refuse from human activities, usually accumulated at a dumping site, falls down a slope under the force of gravity." +"large river biome" "wwfBiome" +"subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome" "wwfBiome" +"melt pond"@en "envoPolar" "A water body which forms as a result of localised melting taking place on the surface of a glacier or a mass of sea ice and which is contained in the cavity formed by such melting." +"area of deciduous forest"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"nilas formation process"@en "envoPolar" "A sea ice formation process during which new ice crystals freeze together, forming nilas, a thin, elastic, continuous, ice sheet of a transparent gray color." +"melting"@en "envoPolar" "Melting is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid." +"continental margin" "envoPolar" "The continental margin is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust. Together, the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise are called continental margin. Continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area." +"marine habitat" "A habitat that is in or on a sea or ocean containing high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically >35 grams dissolved salts per litre)." +"freshwater environment" "envoPolar" +"icemelt"@en "envoPolar" "Icemelt is a hydrological process in which water is produced by the melting of ice and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff." +"area of dwarf scrub"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by shrubs with ground-hugging stems or low growth habit, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"hailstorm"@en "envoPolar" "An atmospheric storm which intense hailfall occurs." +"snowpack"@en "envoPolar" "A layer which consists of an accumulation of snow." +"blizzard"@en "envoPolar" "A blizzard is a severe snowstorm during which snowfall is transported by strong winds, sustained for several hours." +"lake layer" "envoPolar" "A layer which is part of a lake." +"mediterranean savanna biome" "wwfBiome" +"star"@en "envoPolar" "An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces." +"thunderstorm"@en "environmental_hazards" "An atmospheric storm which occurs in cumulonimbus clouds and during which lightning and thunder occur." +"perennial snow patch"@en "envoPolar" "A snow patch which persists through at least one seasonal cycle." +"atmosphere-exposed melt pond"@en "envoPolar" "A melt pond which is located toward the surface of an ice mass, exposed to the atmosphere but closed to the bottom of the ice mass or to any underlying water." +"glacial ice calving process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass." +"slush ice"@en "envoPolar" "New ice which is a slurry mixture of frazil, snow and liquid water." +"nitrate-reducing sediment" "envoPolar" "Sediment hosting and characterised by active nitrate reducing microbial communities." +"hailfall"@en "environmental_hazards" "Hailfall is a hydrological process in which balls or irregular lumps of water ice formed in thunderstorm or cumulonimbus clouds fall to a planetary surface." +"seasonal snow patch"@en "envoPolar" "A snow patch which forms during a cold season and melts away during the succeeding warm season." +"area of cropland"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered either by annual crops and perennial woody crops or by actively tilled land. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"subtropical grassland biome" "wwfBiome" +"season generating process"@en "envoPolar" "A process during which the intesity of stellar radiation received by a planet's surface varies in a cyclical regime due to the planet's orbital motion around the barycentre of a planetary system and/or the tilt of its rotational axis relative to its orbital plane." +"slab snow"@en "envoPolar" "Snow which is cohesive, hard and overlies weaker snow." +"planetary wind"@en "envoPolar" +"subalpline" "envoPolar" "A subalpine condition is an environmental condition in which an altitude range falls immediately below the tree line." +"mudslide"@en "environmental_hazards" +"aquatic habitat" "A habitat that is in or on water." +"area of perennial ice or snow"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow or water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"area of lichen-dominated vegetation"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by fruticose or foliose lichens and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"ice cap climatic condition" "envoPolar" "An ice cap climatic condition is a polar condition in which the montly average temperature does not exceed 0 degrees Celsius." +"tropical marine upwelling biome"@en "wwfBiome" +"tropical savanna biome" "wwfBiome" +"area of open water"@en "nlcd2011" "An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction." +"hydrological melting process"@en "envoPolar" +"chemocline" "envoPolar" "A layer within a fluid where the chemical composition changes rapidly with depth." +"methane-laden permafrost"@en "envoPolar" "Permafrost which contains pockets of trapped methane gas." +"terrestrial habitat" "A habitat that is on or at the boundary of the surface of the Earth." +"névé"@en "envoPolar" "Partially compacted granular snow, which has undergone several cycles of melting and refreezing while being compacted, usually found on the atmosphere-exposed surface of a glacier." +"ice loss process"@en "envoPolar" "A material decumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass decreases in size." +"atmospheric wind"@en "envoPolar" +"anaerobic respiration, using ammonium as electron donor" "envoPolar" "The oxidation of ammonium (NH4) to nitrogen (N2) in the absence of oxygen, using nitrite (NO2) as the electron acceptor. It is suggested that hydroxylamine and ammonium are combined to yield hydrazine, which is subsequently oxidized to N2." +"small lake biome" "wwfBiome" +"shallow marine sediment"@en "envoPolar" "Marine sediment soured from either terrestrial systems, marine organisms, seawater and or cosmogeneous sources, which is transported through the marine water column, and accumulates within shallow regions of the oceanic basin close to continents, such as the continental shelf, or continental slope." +"mudflow"@en "environmental_hazards" "A mudflow is a form of mass wasting which involves very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to clay-rich source material." +"marine mud" "envoPolar" +"nitrogen-oxygen planetary atmosphere"@en "envoPolar" "A planetary atmosphere which is composted primarily of dinitrogen and dioxygen gas."