Add fixed-lag out-of-sequence measurement utilities

[FlorianPfaff]

Summary

• Add fixed-lag out-of-sequence measurement helpers for Kalman and particle filters.
• Add FixedLagBuffer and MeasurementTimeBuffer for timestamp/OOSM bookkeeping.
• Add linear-Gaussian retrodiction helpers.
• Export the new utilities from pyrecest.filters and document them in the API overview.
• Add focused regression tests for buffer ordering, lag rejection, Kalman replay, particle replay, and retrodiction.

Notes

The implementation intentionally stays close to existing PyRecEst filter APIs: delayed measurements are handled by inserting the late update into a timestamped event buffer and replaying the buffered fixed-lag history in chronological order.

Validation

Not run locally in this connector environment.

[github-actions]

❌MegaLinter analysis: Error

Descriptor	Linter	Files	Fixed	Errors	Warnings	Elapsed time
✅ COPYPASTE	jscpd	yes		no	no	17.34s
✅ JSON	prettier	2	0	0	0	0.41s
✅ JSON	v8r	2		0	0	2.63s
✅ MARKDOWN	markdownlint	28	0	0	0	1.25s
✅ MARKDOWN	markdown-table-formatter	28	0	0	0	0.33s
✅ PYTHON	bandit	512		0	0	7.42s
✅ PYTHON	black	512	1	0	0	12.42s
✅ PYTHON	flake8	512		0	0	4.36s
✅ PYTHON	isort	512	1	0	0	0.78s
✅ PYTHON	mypy	512		0	0	5.74s
❌ PYTHON	pylint	512		1	0	103.39s
✅ PYTHON	ruff	512	1	0	0	0.09s
✅ REPOSITORY	checkov	yes		no	no	20.83s
✅ REPOSITORY	gitleaks	yes		no	no	11.48s
✅ REPOSITORY	git_diff	yes		no	no	0.07s
✅ REPOSITORY	secretlint	yes		no	no	10.35s
✅ REPOSITORY	syft	yes		no	no	3.09s
✅ REPOSITORY	trivy-sbom	yes		no	no	3.61s
✅ REPOSITORY	trufflehog	yes		no	no	20.14s
✅ YAML	prettier	5	0	0	0	0.47s
✅ YAML	v8r	5		0	0	4.56s
✅ YAML	yamllint	5		0	0	0.42s

Detailed Issues

❌ PYTHON / pylint - 1 error

************* Module pyrecest.filters.out_of_sequence
src/pyrecest/filters/out_of_sequence.py:32:7: R0124: Redundant comparison - time != time (comparison-with-itself)

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[github-actions]

Test Results

    12 files  ± 0      12 suites  ±0   2h 21m 45s ⏱️ + 1m 15s
 1 516 tests + 6   1 516 ✅ + 6      0 💤 ±0  0 ❌ ±0 
18 652 runs  +72  14 868 ✅ +72  3 784 💤 ±0  0 ❌ ±0 

Results for commit d3bfa9b. ± Comparison against base commit f86262b.