diff --git a/src/Data/Swagger/Internal.hs b/src/Data/Swagger/Internal.hs
index 9de67b1..2022c12 100644
--- a/src/Data/Swagger/Internal.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Swagger/Internal.hs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import           Control.Applicative
 import           Control.Monad
 import           Data.Aeson
 import           Data.Aeson.TH            (deriveJSON)
+import qualified Data.Aeson.Types         as JSON
 import           Data.HashMap.Strict      (HashMap)
 import qualified Data.HashMap.Strict      as HashMap
 import           Data.Map                 (Map)
@@ -811,9 +812,13 @@ instance ToJSON Example where
 instance ToJSON Reference where
   toJSON (Reference ref) = object [ "$ref" .= ref ]
 
-instance ToJSON a => ToJSON (Referenced a) where
-  toJSON (Ref ref) = toJSON ref
-  toJSON (Inline x) = toJSON x
+referencedToJSON :: ToJSON a => Text -> Referenced a -> Value
+referencedToJSON prefix (Ref (Reference ref)) = object [ "$ref" .= (prefix <> ref) ]
+referencedToJSON _ (Inline x) = toJSON x
+
+instance ToJSON (Referenced Schema)   where toJSON = referencedToJSON "#/definitions/"
+instance ToJSON (Referenced Param)    where toJSON = referencedToJSON "#/parameters/"
+instance ToJSON (Referenced Response) where toJSON = referencedToJSON "#/responses/"
 
 instance ToJSON (SwaggerType t) where
   toJSON SwaggerArray   = "array"
@@ -959,10 +964,21 @@ instance FromJSON Reference where
   parseJSON (Object o) = Reference <$> o .: "$ref"
   parseJSON _ = empty
 
-instance FromJSON a => FromJSON (Referenced a) where
-  parseJSON js
-      = Ref    <$> parseJSON js
-    <|> Inline <$> parseJSON js
+referencedParseJSON :: FromJSON a => Text -> Value -> JSON.Parser (Referenced a)
+referencedParseJSON prefix js@(Object o) = do
+  ms <- o .:? "$ref"
+  case ms of
+    Nothing -> Inline <$> parseJSON js
+    Just s  -> Ref <$> parseRef s
+  where
+    parseRef s = do
+      case Text.stripPrefix prefix s of
+        Nothing     -> fail $ "expected $ref of the form \"" <> Text.unpack prefix <> "*\", but got " <> show s
+        Just suffix -> pure (Reference suffix)
+
+instance FromJSON (Referenced Schema)   where parseJSON = referencedParseJSON "#/definitions/"
+instance FromJSON (Referenced Param)    where parseJSON = referencedParseJSON "#/parameters/"
+instance FromJSON (Referenced Response) where parseJSON = referencedParseJSON "#/responses/"
 
 instance FromJSON Xml where
   parseJSON = genericParseJSON (jsonPrefix "xml")
diff --git a/src/Data/Swagger/Internal/Schema.hs b/src/Data/Swagger/Internal/Schema.hs
index 1000754..0b5d4f9 100644
--- a/src/Data/Swagger/Internal/Schema.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Swagger/Internal/Schema.hs
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ declareSchemaRef proxy = do
       when (not known) $ do
         declare [(name, schema)]
         void $ declareNamedSchema proxy
-      return $ Ref (Reference ("#/definitions/" <> name))
+      return $ Ref (Reference name)
     _ -> Inline <$> declareSchema proxy
 
 class GToSchema (f :: * -> *) where
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ gdeclareSchemaRef opts proxy = do
       when (not known) $ do
         declare [(name, schema)]
         void $ gdeclareNamedSchema opts proxy mempty
-      return $ Ref (Reference ("#/definitions/" <> name))
+      return $ Ref (Reference name)
     _ -> Inline <$> gdeclareSchema opts proxy
 
 appendItem :: Referenced Schema -> Maybe SchemaItems -> Maybe SchemaItems
diff --git a/test/Data/SwaggerSpec.hs b/test/Data/SwaggerSpec.hs
index 0501e0f..8053cf1 100644
--- a/test/Data/SwaggerSpec.hs
+++ b/test/Data/SwaggerSpec.hs
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ schemaSimpleModelExample = mempty
   & schemaRequired .~ [ "name" ]
   & schemaProperties .~
       [ ("name", Inline (mempty & schemaType .~ SwaggerString))
-      , ("address", Ref (Reference "#/definitions/Address"))
+      , ("address", Ref (Reference "Address"))
       , ("age", Inline $ mempty
             & schemaMinimum ?~ 0
             & schemaType    .~ SwaggerInteger