diff --git a/kilo.c b/kilo.c
index 6942bf4..9cb430b 100644
--- a/kilo.c
+++ b/kilo.c
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ struct termios orig_termios;
 /*** terminal ***/
 
 void die(const char *s) {
+  write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4);
+  write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);
+
   perror(s);
   exit(1);
 }
@@ -56,17 +59,39 @@ void editorProcessKeyPress() {
 
   switch (c) {
     case CTRL_KEY('q'):
+      write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4);
+      write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);
+
       exit(0);
       break;
   }
 }
 
+/*** output ***/
+
+void editorDrawRows() {
+  int y;
+  for (y = 0; y < 24; y++) {
+    write(STDOUT_FILENO, "~\r\n", 3);
+  }
+}
+
+void editorRefreshScreen() {
+  write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4);
+  write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);
+
+  editorDrawRows();
+
+  write(STDIN_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);
+}
+
 /*** init ***/
 
 int main() {
   enableRawMode();
 
   while (1) {
+    editorRefreshScreen();
     editorProcessKeyPress();
   }