diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index 55b129f..a69e7a9 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ DB_PORT=5432
 DB_Name=messages
 DB_TLS_DISABLED=true
 
-MIGRATIONS_PATH="./db/migrations"
+MIGRATIONS_PATH="../../db/migrations"
diff --git a/api/api.go b/api/api.go
index ada2548..24929a1 100644
--- a/api/api.go
+++ b/api/api.go
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package api
 
 import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/Iknite-Space/sqlc-example-api/db/repo"
+	"github.com/Iknite-Space/sqlc-example-api/helper"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 )
 
@@ -23,29 +26,63 @@ func (h *MessageHandler) WireHttpHandler() http.Handler {
 	r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, _ any) {
 		c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Internal Server Error: panic")
 		c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
-	}))
+	})) //prevents the server from crashing if an error occurs in any route
 
+	r.POST("/thread", h.handleCreateThread)
 	r.POST("/message", h.handleCreateMessage)
 	r.GET("/message/:id", h.handleGetMessage)
-	r.GET("/thread/:id/messages", h.handleGetThreadMessages)
+	r.GET("/thread/messages/:threadId", h.handleGetThreadMessages)
+	r.DELETE("/message/:id", h.handleDeleteMessageById)
+	r.DELETE("/thread/:threadId/messages", h.handleDeleteMessageByThreadId)
+	r.PATCH("/message", h.handleUpdateMessage)
 
 	return r
 }
 
+type CreateThreadParams struct {
+	Title string `json:"title"`
+}
+
+func (h *MessageHandler) handleCreateThread(c *gin.Context) {
+	var req CreateThreadParams
+	if err := c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	thread, err := h.querier.CreateThread(c, req.Title)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, thread)
+}
+
 func (h *MessageHandler) handleCreateMessage(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req repo.CreateMessageParams
-	err := c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&req)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&req); err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
 
+	//first check whether the thread exist
+	_, err := h.querier.GetThreadById(c, req.ThreadID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "Thread not found"})
+			return
+		}
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Server error"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	//now we proceed to create the message
 	message, err := h.querier.CreateMessage(c, req)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
-
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, message)
 }
 
@@ -66,21 +103,78 @@ func (h *MessageHandler) handleGetMessage(c *gin.Context) {
 }
 
 func (h *MessageHandler) handleGetThreadMessages(c *gin.Context) {
-	id := c.Param("id")
-	if id == "" {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "id is required"})
+	id := c.Param("threadId")
+	intVal, err := helper.GetParamAsInt32(id)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
 		return
 	}
 
-	messages, err := h.querier.GetMessagesByThread(c, id)
+	messages, err := h.querier.GetMessagesByThread(c, intVal)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
-		"thread":   id,
-		"topic":    "example",
-		"messages": messages,
-	})
+	if len(messages) == 0 {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "No messages found for this thread"})
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, messages)
+}
+
+func (h *MessageHandler) handleUpdateMessage(c *gin.Context) {
+	var req repo.UpdateMessageParams
+	if err := c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.querier.UpdateMessage(c, req); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"success": "Message updated successfully"})
+}
+
+func (h *MessageHandler) handleDeleteMessageById(c *gin.Context) {
+	id := c.Param("id")
+
+	_, err := h.querier.DeleteMessageById(c, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "Message not found"})
+			return
+		}
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Message deleted successfully"})
+
+}
+
+func (h *MessageHandler) handleDeleteMessageByThreadId(c *gin.Context) {
+	id := c.Param("threadId")
+
+	intId, err := helper.GetParamAsInt32(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	_, err = h.querier.DeleteMessageByThreadId(c, intId)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "Message not found"})
+			return
+		}
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Message deleted successfully"})
+
 }
diff --git a/db/migrations/000002_init_thread_and_fk.up.sql b/db/migrations/000002_init_thread_and_fk.up.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a734fdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrations/000002_init_thread_and_fk.up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-- create thread table
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS thread (
+    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    title VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+-- modify table message
+ALTER TABLE message DROP COLUMN thread;
+
+ALTER TABLE message ADD COLUMN thread_id INT NOT NULL;
+
+-- add foreign key contrain
+ALTER TABLE message ADD CONSTRAINT fk_thread_id
+FOREIGN KEY (thread_id) REFERENCES thread(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/db/migrations/000003_init_drop_sender.up.sql b/db/migrations/000003_init_drop_sender.up.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30dc221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrations/000003_init_drop_sender.up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+-- drop the sender column since the thread.title is the sender in question
+ALTER TABLE message DROP COLUMN sender;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/db/query/message.sql b/db/query/message.sql
index 1d34c69..01a2871 100644
--- a/db/query/message.sql
+++ b/db/query/message.sql
@@ -1,6 +1,42 @@
+-- -- name: CreateMessage :one
+-- INSERT INTO message (thread, sender, content)
+-- VALUES ($1, $2, $3)
+-- RETURNING *;
+
+-- -- name: GetMessageByID :one
+-- SELECT * FROM message
+-- WHERE id = $1;
+
+-- -- name: GetMessagesByThread :many
+-- SELECT * FROM message
+-- WHERE thread = $1
+-- ORDER BY created_at DESC;
+
+-- -- name: DeleteMessage :exec
+-- DELETE FROM message WHERE id = $1;
+
+-- -- name: UpdateMessage :exec
+-- UPDATE message 
+-- SET content = $2
+-- WHERE id = $1
+-- RETURNING *;
+
+-- -- name: CreateThread :one
+-- INSERT INTO thread (title)
+-- VALUES ($1)
+-- RETURNING *;
+
+-- -- name: DeleteAll :exec
+-- DELETE FROM message;
+
+-- name: CreateThread :one
+INSERT INTO thread (title)
+VALUES ($1)
+RETURNING *;
+
 -- name: CreateMessage :one
-INSERT INTO message (thread, sender, content)
-VALUES ($1, $2, $3)
+INSERT INTO message (content,thread_id)
+VALUES ($1, $2)
 RETURNING *;
 
 -- name: GetMessageByID :one
@@ -9,5 +45,22 @@ WHERE id = $1;
 
 -- name: GetMessagesByThread :many
 SELECT * FROM message
-WHERE thread = $1
-ORDER BY created_at DESC;
\ No newline at end of file
+WHERE thread_id = $1
+ORDER BY created_at DESC;
+
+-- name: DeleteMessageById :one
+DELETE FROM message WHERE id = $1
+RETURNING id;
+
+-- name: DeleteMessageByThreadId :one
+DELETE FROM message WHERE thread_id = $1
+RETURNING thread_id;
+
+-- name: UpdateMessage :exec
+UPDATE message 
+SET content = $2
+WHERE id = $1
+RETURNING *;
+
+-- name: GetThreadById :one
+SELECT * FROM thread WHERE id = $1;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/db/repo/message.sql.go b/db/repo/message.sql.go
index ce74c13..d7e7acb 100644
--- a/db/repo/message.sql.go
+++ b/db/repo/message.sql.go
@@ -10,32 +10,97 @@ import (
 )
 
 const createMessage = `-- name: CreateMessage :one
-INSERT INTO message (thread, sender, content)
-VALUES ($1, $2, $3)
-RETURNING id, thread, sender, content, created_at
+INSERT INTO message (content,thread_id)
+VALUES ($1, $2)
+RETURNING id, content, created_at, thread_id
 `
 
 type CreateMessageParams struct {
-	Thread  string `json:"thread"`
-	Sender  string `json:"sender"`
-	Content string `json:"content"`
+	Content  string `json:"content"`
+	ThreadID int32  `json:"thread_id"`
 }
 
 func (q *Queries) CreateMessage(ctx context.Context, arg CreateMessageParams) (Message, error) {
-	row := q.db.QueryRow(ctx, createMessage, arg.Thread, arg.Sender, arg.Content)
+	row := q.db.QueryRow(ctx, createMessage, arg.Content, arg.ThreadID)
 	var i Message
 	err := row.Scan(
 		&i.ID,
-		&i.Thread,
-		&i.Sender,
 		&i.Content,
 		&i.CreatedAt,
+		&i.ThreadID,
 	)
 	return i, err
 }
 
+const createThread = `-- name: CreateThread :one
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+INSERT INTO thread (title)
+VALUES ($1)
+RETURNING id, title, created_at
+`
+
+// -- name: CreateMessage :one
+// INSERT INTO message (thread, sender, content)
+// VALUES ($1, $2, $3)
+// RETURNING *;
+// -- name: GetMessageByID :one
+// SELECT * FROM message
+// WHERE id = $1;
+// -- name: GetMessagesByThread :many
+// SELECT * FROM message
+// WHERE thread = $1
+// ORDER BY created_at DESC;
+// -- name: DeleteMessage :exec
+// DELETE FROM message WHERE id = $1;
+// -- name: UpdateMessage :exec
+// UPDATE message
+// SET content = $2
+// WHERE id = $1
+// RETURNING *;
+// -- name: CreateThread :one
+// INSERT INTO thread (title)
+// VALUES ($1)
+// RETURNING *;
+// -- name: DeleteAll :exec
+// DELETE FROM message;
+func (q *Queries) CreateThread(ctx context.Context, title string) (Thread, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRow(ctx, createThread, title)
+	var i Thread
+	err := row.Scan(&i.ID, &i.Title, &i.CreatedAt)
+	return i, err
+}
+
+const deleteMessageById = `-- name: DeleteMessageById :one
+DELETE FROM message WHERE id = $1
+RETURNING id
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) DeleteMessageById(ctx context.Context, id string) (string, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRow(ctx, deleteMessageById, id)
+	err := row.Scan(&id)
+	return id, err
+}
+
+const deleteMessageByThreadId = `-- name: DeleteMessageByThreadId :one
+DELETE FROM message WHERE thread_id = $1
+RETURNING thread_id
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) DeleteMessageByThreadId(ctx context.Context, threadID int32) (int32, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRow(ctx, deleteMessageByThreadId, threadID)
+	var thread_id int32
+	err := row.Scan(&thread_id)
+	return thread_id, err
+}
+
 const getMessageByID = `-- name: GetMessageByID :one
-SELECT id, thread, sender, content, created_at FROM message
+SELECT id, content, created_at, thread_id FROM message
 WHERE id = $1
 `
 
@@ -44,22 +109,21 @@ func (q *Queries) GetMessageByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (Message, error
 	var i Message
 	err := row.Scan(
 		&i.ID,
-		&i.Thread,
-		&i.Sender,
 		&i.Content,
 		&i.CreatedAt,
+		&i.ThreadID,
 	)
 	return i, err
 }
 
 const getMessagesByThread = `-- name: GetMessagesByThread :many
-SELECT id, thread, sender, content, created_at FROM message
-WHERE thread = $1
+SELECT id, content, created_at, thread_id FROM message
+WHERE thread_id = $1
 ORDER BY created_at DESC
 `
 
-func (q *Queries) GetMessagesByThread(ctx context.Context, thread string) ([]Message, error) {
-	rows, err := q.db.Query(ctx, getMessagesByThread, thread)
+func (q *Queries) GetMessagesByThread(ctx context.Context, threadID int32) ([]Message, error) {
+	rows, err := q.db.Query(ctx, getMessagesByThread, threadID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -69,10 +133,9 @@ func (q *Queries) GetMessagesByThread(ctx context.Context, thread string) ([]Mes
 		var i Message
 		if err := rows.Scan(
 			&i.ID,
-			&i.Thread,
-			&i.Sender,
 			&i.Content,
 			&i.CreatedAt,
+			&i.ThreadID,
 		); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -83,3 +146,31 @@ func (q *Queries) GetMessagesByThread(ctx context.Context, thread string) ([]Mes
 	}
 	return items, nil
 }
+
+const getThreadById = `-- name: GetThreadById :one
+SELECT id, title, created_at FROM thread WHERE id = $1
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) GetThreadById(ctx context.Context, id int32) (Thread, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRow(ctx, getThreadById, id)
+	var i Thread
+	err := row.Scan(&i.ID, &i.Title, &i.CreatedAt)
+	return i, err
+}
+
+const updateMessage = `-- name: UpdateMessage :exec
+UPDATE message 
+SET content = $2
+WHERE id = $1
+RETURNING id, content, created_at, thread_id
+`
+
+type UpdateMessageParams struct {
+	ID      string `json:"id"`
+	Content string `json:"content"`
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) UpdateMessage(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateMessageParams) error {
+	_, err := q.db.Exec(ctx, updateMessage, arg.ID, arg.Content)
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/db/repo/models.go b/db/repo/models.go
index 92c72c8..50b4887 100644
--- a/db/repo/models.go
+++ b/db/repo/models.go
@@ -10,8 +10,13 @@ import (
 
 type Message struct {
 	ID        string           `json:"id"`
-	Thread    string           `json:"thread"`
-	Sender    string           `json:"sender"`
 	Content   string           `json:"content"`
 	CreatedAt pgtype.Timestamp `json:"created_at"`
+	ThreadID  int32            `json:"thread_id"`
+}
+
+type Thread struct {
+	ID        int32              `json:"id"`
+	Title     string             `json:"title"`
+	CreatedAt pgtype.Timestamptz `json:"created_at"`
 }
diff --git a/db/repo/querier.go b/db/repo/querier.go
index 5b0504e..0d61b45 100644
--- a/db/repo/querier.go
+++ b/db/repo/querier.go
@@ -10,8 +10,37 @@ import (
 
 type Querier interface {
 	CreateMessage(ctx context.Context, arg CreateMessageParams) (Message, error)
+	// -- name: CreateMessage :one
+	// INSERT INTO message (thread, sender, content)
+	// VALUES ($1, $2, $3)
+	// RETURNING *;
+	// -- name: GetMessageByID :one
+	// SELECT * FROM message
+	// WHERE id = $1;
+	// -- name: GetMessagesByThread :many
+	// SELECT * FROM message
+	// WHERE thread = $1
+	// ORDER BY created_at DESC;
+	// -- name: DeleteMessage :exec
+	// DELETE FROM message WHERE id = $1;
+	// -- name: UpdateMessage :exec
+	// UPDATE message
+	// SET content = $2
+	// WHERE id = $1
+	// RETURNING *;
+	// -- name: CreateThread :one
+	// INSERT INTO thread (title)
+	// VALUES ($1)
+	// RETURNING *;
+	// -- name: DeleteAll :exec
+	// DELETE FROM message;
+	CreateThread(ctx context.Context, title string) (Thread, error)
+	DeleteMessageById(ctx context.Context, id string) (string, error)
+	DeleteMessageByThreadId(ctx context.Context, threadID int32) (int32, error)
 	GetMessageByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (Message, error)
-	GetMessagesByThread(ctx context.Context, thread string) ([]Message, error)
+	GetMessagesByThread(ctx context.Context, threadID int32) ([]Message, error)
+	GetThreadById(ctx context.Context, id int32) (Thread, error)
+	UpdateMessage(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateMessageParams) error
 }
 
 var _ Querier = (*Queries)(nil)
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 044585d..84f82e3 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.18.2
 	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.4
 	github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1
-	github.com/rs/zerolog v1.34.0
 )
 
 require (
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.7 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index cfed3a0..bfa8f3c 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,33 +1,74 @@
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161 h1:L/gRVlceqvL25UVaW/CKtUDjefjrs0SPonmDGUVOYP0=
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
 github.com/ardanlabs/conf/v3 v3.4.0 h1:Qy7/doJjhsv7Lvzqd9tbvH8fAZ9jzqKtwnwcmZ+sxGs=
 github.com/ardanlabs/conf/v3 v3.4.0/go.mod h1:OIi6NK95fj8jKFPdZ/UmcPlY37JBg99hdP9o5XmNK9c=
+github.com/ardanlabs/conf/v3 v3.6.0 h1:lyp86FblrH34n+XLCHz6di5vImdGb3uypWPy5HYNNzI=
+github.com/ardanlabs/conf/v3 v3.6.0/go.mod h1:IIucqD+601gt3jfhMXVukxoT16LnoGVd2DzRC2GhHiA=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.6 h1:oUp34TzMlL+OY1OUWxHqsdkgC/Zfc85zGqw9siXjrc0=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.6/go.mod h1:LysEHSvpvDySVdC2f87zGWf6CIKJcAvqab1ZaiQtds4=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.13.2 h1:8/H1FempDZqC4VqjptGo14QQlJx8VdZJegxs6wwfqpQ=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.13.2/go.mod h1:o68xyaF9u2gvVBuGHPlUVCy+ZfmNNO5ETf1+KgkJhz4=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1 h1:c+e5Pt1k/cy5wMveRDyk2X4B9hF4g7an8N3zCYjJFNM=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1/go.mod h1:ncP89zfokxS5LZrJxl5z0UJcsk4M4yY2JpfqGeCtNLU=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.2.4 h1:ZWCw4stuXUsn1/+zQDqeE7JKP+QO47tz7QCNan80NzY=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.2.4/go.mod h1:N8A3vUdtUebEY2/VQC0MyhYeKUFosQU6FxH2JmUe6VI=
 github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.4 h1:jwCgWpFanWmN8xoIUHa2rtzmkd5J2plF/dnLS6Xd/0Y=
 github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.4/go.mod h1:0zlkT4Wn5C6NdauXdJRhSKRlJvmclQ1hhJgA0rcu/8w=
+github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.5 h1:XPciSp1xaq2VCSt6lF0phncD4koWyULpl5bUxbfCyP4=
+github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.5/go.mod h1:0zlkT4Wn5C6NdauXdJRhSKRlJvmclQ1hhJgA0rcu/8w=
 github.com/cloudwego/iasm v0.2.0 h1:1KNIy1I1H9hNNFEEH3DVnI4UujN+1zjpuk6gwHLTssg=
 github.com/cloudwego/iasm v0.2.0/go.mod h1:8rXZaNYT2n95jn+zTI1sDr+IgcD2GVs0nlbbQPiEFhY=
-github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
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diff --git a/helper/helperFunction.go b/helper/helperFunction.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7a0cd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helper/helperFunction.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package helper
+
+import "strconv"
+
+func GetParamAsInt32(key string) (int32, error) {
+	intVal, err := strconv.Atoi(key)
+	return int32(intVal), err
+}