diff --git a/Lib/test/test_type_params.py b/Lib/test/test_type_params.py
index 0045057f181e1c..f93d088ea758a9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_type_params.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_type_params.py
@@ -956,3 +956,43 @@ class NewStyle[T]:
         for case in cases:
             with self.subTest(case=case):
                 weakref.ref(case)
+
+
+class TypeParamsRuntimeTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_name_error(self):
+        # gh-109118: This crashed the interpreter due to a refcounting bug
+        code = """
+        class name_2[name_5]:
+            class name_4[name_5](name_0):
+                pass
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            run_code(code)
+
+        # Crashed with a slightly different stack trace
+        code = """
+        class name_2[name_5]:
+            class name_4[name_5: name_5](name_0):
+                pass
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
+            run_code(code)
+
+    def test_broken_class_namespace(self):
+        code = """
+        class WeirdMapping(dict):
+            def __missing__(self, key):
+                if key == "T":
+                    raise RuntimeError
+                raise KeyError(key)
+
+        class Meta(type):
+            def __prepare__(name, bases):
+                return WeirdMapping()
+
+        class MyClass[V](metaclass=Meta):
+            class Inner[U](T):
+                pass
+        """
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            run_code(code)
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-09-07-18-24-42.gh-issue-109118.yPXRAe.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-09-07-18-24-42.gh-issue-109118.yPXRAe.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f14fce4423896f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-09-07-18-24-42.gh-issue-109118.yPXRAe.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix interpreter crash when a NameError is raised inside the type parameters
+of a generic class.
diff --git a/Python/bytecodes.c b/Python/bytecodes.c
index 8820b52774671b..59012d78076795 100644
--- a/Python/bytecodes.c
+++ b/Python/bytecodes.c
@@ -1301,10 +1301,8 @@ dummy_func(
         op(_LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS, (mod_or_class_dict -- v)) {
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
             if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
                 goto error;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
             if (v == NULL) {
                 v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(GLOBALS(), name);
                 if (v != NULL) {
@@ -1325,6 +1323,7 @@ dummy_func(
                     }
                 }
             }
+            Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
         }
 
         macro(LOAD_NAME) = _LOAD_LOCALS + _LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS;
diff --git a/Python/executor_cases.c.h b/Python/executor_cases.c.h
index f4c526a5a8c0a2..5b3d1616950837 100644
--- a/Python/executor_cases.c.h
+++ b/Python/executor_cases.c.h
@@ -1066,10 +1066,8 @@
             mod_or_class_dict = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
             if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
                 goto error;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
             if (v == NULL) {
                 v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(GLOBALS(), name);
                 if (v != NULL) {
@@ -1090,6 +1088,7 @@
                     }
                 }
             }
+            Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
             stack_pointer[-1] = v;
             break;
         }
diff --git a/Python/generated_cases.c.h b/Python/generated_cases.c.h
index 84f83db128ea50..5e07f61192f0a1 100644
--- a/Python/generated_cases.c.h
+++ b/Python/generated_cases.c.h
@@ -1694,10 +1694,8 @@
             {
                 PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
                 if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
-                    Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
                     goto error;
                 }
-                Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
                 if (v == NULL) {
                     v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(GLOBALS(), name);
                     if (v != NULL) {
@@ -1718,6 +1716,7 @@
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
             }
             STACK_GROW(1);
             stack_pointer[-1] = v;
@@ -1730,10 +1729,8 @@
             mod_or_class_dict = stack_pointer[-1];
             PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
             if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
                 goto error;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
             if (v == NULL) {
                 v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(GLOBALS(), name);
                 if (v != NULL) {
@@ -1754,6 +1751,7 @@
                     }
                 }
             }
+            Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
             stack_pointer[-1] = v;
             DISPATCH();
         }