diff --git a/src/main/resources/application.conf b/src/main/resources/application.conf
index 4e497d0bb46fbb..abf43b92886f32 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/application.conf
+++ b/src/main/resources/application.conf
@@ -52,5 +52,6 @@ settings {
   overrideConfPath = "./application.conf"
 }
 performance {
-
+  serialization = "object"
+  useBroadcast = true
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/HasFeatures.scala b/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/HasFeatures.scala
index b8738116d7a385..d713366ae16eac 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/HasFeatures.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/HasFeatures.scala
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ trait HasFeatures {
 
   protected def set[T](feature: StructFeature[T], value: T): this.type = {feature.setValue(Some(value)); this}
 
-  protected def setDefault[T](feature: ArrayFeature[T], value: Array[T]): this.type = {feature.setValue(Some(value)); this}
+  protected def setDefault[T](feature: ArrayFeature[T], value: () => Array[T]): this.type = {feature.setFallback(Some(value)); this}
 
-  protected def setDefault[K, V](feature: MapFeature[K, V], value: Map[K, V]): this.type = {feature.setValue(Some(value)); this}
+  protected def setDefault[K, V](feature: MapFeature[K, V], value: () => Map[K, V]): this.type = {feature.setFallback(Some(value)); this}
 
-  protected def setDefault[T](feature: StructFeature[T], value: T): this.type = {feature.setValue(Some(value)); this}
+  protected def setDefault[T](feature: StructFeature[T], value: () => T): this.type = {feature.setFallback(Some(value)); this}
 
   protected def get[T](feature: ArrayFeature[T]): Option[Array[T]] = feature.get
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/annotators/Lemmatizer.scala b/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/annotators/Lemmatizer.scala
index efdb6d6adc0961..0c1863b0d33fa6 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/annotators/Lemmatizer.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/annotators/Lemmatizer.scala
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Lemmatizer(override val uid: String) extends AnnotatorModel[Lemmatizer] {
   setDefault(lemmaValSep, config.getString("nlp.lemmaDict.vSeparator"))
 
   if (config.getString("nlp.lemmaDict.file").nonEmpty)
-    setDefault(lemmaDict,  Lemmatizer.retrieveLemmaDict(
+    setDefault(lemmaDict,  () => Lemmatizer.retrieveLemmaDict(
       config.getString("nlp.lemmaDict.file"),
       config.getString("nlp.lemmaDict.format"),
       config.getString("nlp.lemmaDict.kvSeparator"),
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/annotators/ner/crf/NerCrfModel.scala b/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/annotators/ner/crf/NerCrfModel.scala
index d940f6b96fedb1..a444b6de44b06d 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/annotators/ner/crf/NerCrfModel.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/annotators/ner/crf/NerCrfModel.scala
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class NerCrfModel(override val uid: String) extends ModelWithWordEmbeddings[NerC
   def setModel(crf: LinearChainCrfModel): NerCrfModel = set(model, crf)
 
   def setDictionaryFeatures(dictFeatures: DictionaryFeatures): this.type = set(dictionaryFeatures, dictFeatures.dict)
-  setDefault(dictionaryFeatures, Map.empty[String, String])
+  setDefault(dictionaryFeatures, () => Map.empty[String, String])
 
   def setEntities(toExtract: Array[String]): NerCrfModel = set(entities, toExtract)
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/serialization/Feature.scala b/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/serialization/Feature.scala
index da916d90f31bf5..f3a251f533423b 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/serialization/Feature.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/serialization/Feature.scala
@@ -1,14 +1,9 @@
 package com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.serialization
 
-import java.io.File
-import java.nio.file.{Files, Paths}
-
 import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.HasFeatures
-import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.embeddings.{ModelWithWordEmbeddings, WordEmbeddings, WordEmbeddingsClusterHelper}
+import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.util.ConfigHelper
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.{FileSystem, Path}
-import org.apache.spark.{SparkContext, SparkFiles}
 import org.apache.spark.broadcast.Broadcast
-import org.apache.spark.ml.param.{ParamMap, Params}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.{Encoder, Encoders, SparkSession}
 
 import scala.reflect.ClassTag
@@ -16,26 +11,73 @@ import scala.reflect.ClassTag
 abstract class Feature[Serializable1, Serializable2, TComplete: ClassTag](model: HasFeatures, val name: String)(implicit val sparkSession: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().getOrCreate()) extends Serializable {
   model.features.append(this)
 
-  final protected var value: Option[Broadcast[TComplete]] = None
+  private val config = ConfigHelper.retrieve
+
+  val serializationMode: String = config.getString("performance.serialization")
+  val useBroadcast: Boolean = config.getBoolean("performance.useBroadcast")
 
-  def serialize(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: TComplete): Unit
+  final protected var broadcastValue: Option[Broadcast[TComplete]] = None
+  final protected var rawValue: Option[TComplete] = None
+  final protected var fallback: Option[() => TComplete] = None
+
+  final def serialize(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: TComplete): Unit = {
+    serializationMode match {
+      case "dataset" => serializeDataset(spark, path, field, value)
+      case "object" => serializeObject(spark, path, field, value)
+      case _ => throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal performance.serialization setting. Can be 'dataset' or 'object'")
+    }
+  }
 
   final def serializeInfer(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: Any): Unit =
     serialize(spark, path, field, value.asInstanceOf[TComplete])
 
-  def deserialize(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[_]
+  final def deserialize(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[_] = {
+    if (broadcastValue.isDefined || rawValue.isDefined)
+      throw new Exception(s"Trying de deserialize an already set value for ${this.name}. This should not happen.")
+    serializationMode match {
+      case "dataset" => deserializeDataset(spark, path, field)
+      case "object" => deserializeObject(spark, path, field)
+      case _ => throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal performance.serialization setting. Can be 'dataset' or 'object'")
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected def serializeDataset(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: TComplete): Unit
+
+  protected def deserializeDataset(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[_]
+
+  protected def serializeObject(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: TComplete): Unit
+
+  protected def deserializeObject(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[_]
 
   final protected def getFieldPath(path: String, field: String): Path =
     Path.mergePaths(new Path(path), new Path("/fields/" + field))
 
-  final def get: Option[TComplete] = value.map(_.value)
-  final def getValue: TComplete = value.map(_.value).getOrElse(throw new Exception(s"feature $name is not set"))
+  final def get: Option[TComplete] = {
+    broadcastValue.map(_.value).orElse(rawValue)
+  }
+
+  final def getValue: TComplete = {
+    broadcastValue.map(_.value).orElse(rawValue).orElse(fallback.map(_())).getOrElse(throw new Exception(s"feature $name is not set"))
+  }
+
   final def setValue(v: Option[Any]): HasFeatures = {
-    if (isSet) value.get.destroy()
-    value = Some(sparkSession.sparkContext.broadcast[TComplete](v.get.asInstanceOf[TComplete]))
+    if (useBroadcast) {
+      if (isSet) broadcastValue.get.destroy()
+      broadcastValue = Some(sparkSession.sparkContext.broadcast[TComplete](v.get.asInstanceOf[TComplete]))
+    } else {
+      rawValue = Some(v.get.asInstanceOf[TComplete])
+    }
     model
   }
-  final def isSet: Boolean = value.isDefined
+
+  def setFallback(v: Option[() => TComplete]): HasFeatures = {
+    fallback = v
+    model
+  }
+
+  final def isSet: Boolean = {
+    broadcastValue.isDefined || rawValue.isDefined
+  }
 
 }
 
@@ -44,12 +86,27 @@ class StructFeature[TValue: ClassTag](model: HasFeatures, override val name: Str
 
   implicit val encoder: Encoder[TValue] = Encoders.kryo[TValue]
 
-  override def serialize(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: TValue): Unit = {
+  override def serializeObject(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: TValue): Unit = {
+    val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
+    spark.sparkContext.parallelize(Seq(value)).saveAsObjectFile(dataPath.toString)
+  }
+
+  override def deserializeObject(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[TValue] = {
+    val fs: FileSystem = FileSystem.get(spark.sparkContext.hadoopConfiguration)
+    val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
+    if (fs.exists(dataPath)) {
+      Some(spark.sparkContext.objectFile[TValue](dataPath.toString).first)
+    } else {
+      None
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def serializeDataset(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: TValue): Unit = {
     val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
     spark.createDataset(Seq(value)).write.mode("overwrite").parquet(dataPath.toString)
   }
 
-  override def deserialize(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[TValue] = {
+  override def deserializeDataset(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[TValue] = {
     val fs: FileSystem = FileSystem.get(spark.sparkContext.hadoopConfiguration)
     val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
     if (fs.exists(dataPath)) {
@@ -66,7 +123,24 @@ class MapFeature[TKey: ClassTag, TValue: ClassTag](model: HasFeatures, override
 
   implicit val encoder: Encoder[(TKey, TValue)] = Encoders.kryo[(TKey, TValue)]
 
-  override def serialize(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: Map[TKey, TValue]): Unit = {
+  override def serializeObject(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: Map[TKey, TValue]): Unit = {
+    val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
+    spark.sparkContext.parallelize(value.toSeq).saveAsObjectFile(dataPath.toString)
+  }
+
+
+
+  override def deserializeObject(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[Map[TKey, TValue]] = {
+    val fs: FileSystem = FileSystem.get(spark.sparkContext.hadoopConfiguration)
+    val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
+    if (fs.exists(dataPath)) {
+      Some(spark.sparkContext.objectFile[(TKey, TValue)](dataPath.toString).collect.toMap)
+    } else {
+      None
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def serializeDataset(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: Map[TKey, TValue]): Unit = {
     import spark.implicits._
     val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
     value.toSeq.toDS.write.mode("overwrite").parquet(dataPath.toString)
@@ -74,7 +148,7 @@ class MapFeature[TKey: ClassTag, TValue: ClassTag](model: HasFeatures, override
 
 
 
-  override def deserialize(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[Map[TKey, TValue]] = {
+  override def deserializeDataset(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[Map[TKey, TValue]] = {
     val fs: FileSystem = FileSystem.get(spark.sparkContext.hadoopConfiguration)
     val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
     if (fs.exists(dataPath)) {
@@ -91,12 +165,27 @@ class ArrayFeature[TValue: ClassTag](model: HasFeatures, override val name: Stri
 
   implicit val encoder: Encoder[TValue] = Encoders.kryo[TValue]
 
-  override def serialize(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: Array[TValue]): Unit = {
+  override def serializeObject(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: Array[TValue]): Unit = {
+    val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
+    spark.sparkContext.parallelize(value).saveAsObjectFile(dataPath.toString)
+  }
+
+  override def deserializeObject(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[Array[TValue]] = {
+    val fs: FileSystem = FileSystem.get(spark.sparkContext.hadoopConfiguration)
+    val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
+    if (fs.exists(dataPath)) {
+      Some(spark.sparkContext.objectFile[TValue](dataPath.toString).collect())
+    } else {
+      None
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def serializeDataset(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String, value: Array[TValue]): Unit = {
     val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
     spark.createDataset(value).write.mode("overwrite").parquet(dataPath.toString)
   }
 
-  override def deserialize(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[Array[TValue]] = {
+  override def deserializeDataset(spark: SparkSession, path: String, field: String): Option[Array[TValue]] = {
     val fs: FileSystem = FileSystem.get(spark.sparkContext.hadoopConfiguration)
     val dataPath = getFieldPath(path, field)
     if (fs.exists(dataPath)) {
diff --git a/src/test/resources/application.conf b/src/test/resources/application.conf
index c65ea165f0ffb8..f5872cfcf6efb3 100644
--- a/src/test/resources/application.conf
+++ b/src/test/resources/application.conf
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ nlp {
     revert = -1.0
   }
 }
-
 performance {
-  useBroadcast = false
-}
+  serialization = "object"
+  useBroadcast = true
+}
\ No newline at end of file