It looks like it is maybe an upstream issue with MbedTLS, which @visr pointed out on Slack. Here's the full error:
ERROR: LoadError: InitError: could not load library "/Users/runner/.julia/artifacts/2c3cdffc520e54030c005f3ea5b7b465a5a5205a/lib/libgdal.28.dylib"
dlopen(/Users/runner/.julia/artifacts/2c3cdffc520e54030c005f3ea5b7b465a5a5205a/lib/libgdal.28.dylib, 1): Library not loaded: @rpath/libmbedtls.12.dylib
Referenced from: /Users/runner/.julia/artifacts/2c3cdffc520e54030c005f3ea5b7b465a5a5205a/lib/libgdal.28.dylib
Reason: image not found
The full stacktrace/run environment info can be found here.