Allow custom return type for `tryparse`

[pdeffebach]

Being able to return something specific after tryparse might be useful. See this discource pose for motivation.

currently you can do

something(tryparse(Float64, "BBB"), missing)

Would be nice if you could do

tryparse(Float64, "BBB", missing)

However this would be a feature unique to Julia, I think. R, at least does not allow this for either as.numeric or readr::parse_number.

[StefanKarpinski]

Seems like a reasonable shorthand.

[mkitti]

Per #37170 (comment) , triage says to just use something(tryparse(...), ...).