diff --git a/src/fault-handler.jl b/src/fault-handler.jl
index f0996111d..eb688dbf7 100644
--- a/src/fault-handler.jl
+++ b/src/fault-handler.jl
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ function handle_fault(ctx, state, thunk, oldproc, chan, node_order)
 
     # Reschedule inputs from deadlist
     newproc = OSProc(rand(workers()))
+    if newproc ∉ procs(ctx)
+        addprocs!(ctx, [newproc])
+    end
     while length(deadlist) > 0
         dt = popfirst!(deadlist)
         if any((input in deadlist) for input in dt.inputs)
diff --git a/src/processor.jl b/src/processor.jl
index 77bab713a..3f1344714 100644
--- a/src/processor.jl
+++ b/src/processor.jl
@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ mutable struct Context
     log_sink::Any
     profile::Bool
     options
+    proc_lock::ReentrantLock
 end
 
 """
@@ -256,6 +257,7 @@ as a `Vector{Int}`.
 function Context(xs)
     Context(xs, NoOpLog(), false, nothing) # By default don't log events
 end
+Context(xs, log_sink, profile, options) = Context(xs, log_sink, profile, options, ReentrantLock())
 Context(xs::Vector{Int}) = Context(map(OSProc, xs))
 function Context()
     procs = [OSProc(w) for w in workers()]
@@ -271,3 +273,38 @@ Write a log event
 function write_event(ctx::Context, event::Event)
     write_event(ctx.log_sink, event)
 end
+
+"""
+    lock(f, ctx::Context)
+
+Acquire `ctx.proc_lock`, execute `f` with the lock held, and release the lock when `f` returns.
+"""
+Base.lock(f, ctx::Context) = lock(f, ctx.proc_lock)
+
+"""
+    addprocs!(ctx::Context, xs)
+
+Add new workers `xs` to `ctx`. 
+
+Workers will typically be assigned new tasks in the next scheduling iteration if scheduling is ongoing.
+
+Workers can be either `Processor`s or the underlying process ids as `Integer`s.
+"""
+addprocs!(ctx::Context, xs::AbstractVector{<:Integer}) = addprocs!(ctx, map(OSProc, xs))
+addprocs!(ctx::Context, xs::AbstractVector{<:Processor}) = lock(ctx) do 
+    append!(ctx.procs, xs)
+end
+"""
+    rmprocs!(ctx::Context, xs)
+
+Remove the specified workers `xs` from `ctx`.
+
+Workers will typically finish all their assigned tasks if scheduling is ongoing but will not be assigned new tasks after removal.
+
+Workers can be either `Processors` or the underlying process ids as `Integer`s.
+"""
+rmprocs!(ctx::Context, xs::AbstractVector{<:Integer}) = rmprocs!(ctx, map(OSProc, xs))
+rmprocs!(ctx::Context, xs::AbstractVector{<:Processor}) = lock(ctx) do 
+    filter!(p -> p ∉ xs, ctx.procs)
+end
+
diff --git a/src/scheduler.jl b/src/scheduler.jl
index 9d1370386..c42836ae3 100644
--- a/src/scheduler.jl
+++ b/src/scheduler.jl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module Sch
 using Distributed
 import MemPool: DRef
 
-import ..Dagger: Context, Processor, Thunk, Chunk, OSProc, order, free!, dependents, noffspring, istask, inputs, affinity, tochunk, @dbg, @logmsg, timespan_start, timespan_end, unrelease, procs, move, choose_processor, execute!
+import ..Dagger: Context, Processor, Thunk, Chunk, OSProc, order, free!, dependents, noffspring, istask, inputs, affinity, tochunk, @dbg, @logmsg, timespan_start, timespan_end, unrelease, procs, move, choose_processor, execute!, rmprocs!, addprocs!
 
 include("fault-handler.jl")
 
@@ -95,13 +95,7 @@ function compute_dag(ctx, d::Thunk; options=SchedulerOptions())
     node_order = x -> -get(ord, x, 0)
     state = start_state(deps, node_order)
     # start off some tasks
-    for p in ps
-        isempty(state.ready) && break
-        task = pop_with_affinity!(ctx, state.ready, p, false)
-        if task !== nothing
-            fire_task!(ctx, task, p, state, chan, node_order)
-        end
-    end
+    worker_state = assign_new_workers!(ctx, procs, state, chan, node_order)
     @dbg timespan_end(ctx, :scheduler_init, 0, master)
 
     # Loop while we still have thunks to execute
@@ -117,6 +111,9 @@ function compute_dag(ctx, d::Thunk; options=SchedulerOptions())
             end
         end
 
+        # Note: worker_state may be different things for different contexts. Don't touch it out here!
+        worker_state = assign_new_workers!(ctx, ps, state, chan, node_order, worker_state)
+
         if isempty(state.running)
             # the block above fired only meta tasks
             continue
@@ -128,7 +125,7 @@ function compute_dag(ctx, d::Thunk; options=SchedulerOptions())
                 @warn "Worker $(proc.pid) died on thunk $thunk_id, rescheduling work"
 
                 # Remove dead worker from procs list
-                filter!(p->p.pid!=proc.pid, ctx.procs)
+                rmprocs!(ctx, [proc])
                 ps = procs(ctx)
 
                 handle_fault(ctx, state, state.thunk_dict[thunk_id], proc, chan, node_order)
@@ -143,7 +140,7 @@ function compute_dag(ctx, d::Thunk; options=SchedulerOptions())
 
         @dbg timespan_start(ctx, :scheduler, thunk_id, master)
         immediate_next = finish_task!(state, node, node_order)
-        if !isempty(state.ready)
+        if !isempty(state.ready) && !shall_remove_worker(ctx, proc, ps, immediate_next) 
             thunk = pop_with_affinity!(Context(ps), state.ready, proc, immediate_next)
             if thunk !== nothing
                 fire_task!(ctx, thunk, proc, state, chan, node_order)
@@ -154,6 +151,28 @@ function compute_dag(ctx, d::Thunk; options=SchedulerOptions())
     state.cache[d]
 end
 
+function assign_new_workers!(ctx, ps, state, chan, node_order, assignedprocs=[])
+    ps !== procs(ctx) && return assignedprocs
+    lock(ctx) do
+        # Must track individual procs to handle the case when procs are removed
+        for p in setdiff(ps, assignedprocs)
+            isempty(state.ready) && break
+            task = pop_with_affinity!(ctx, state.ready, p, false)
+            if task !== nothing
+                fire_task!(ctx, task, p, state, chan, node_order)
+            end
+        end
+        return copy(ps)
+    end
+end
+
+function shall_remove_worker(ctx, proc, ps, immediate_next) 
+    ps !== procs(ctx) && return false
+    return lock(ctx) do 
+        proc ∉ procs(ctx)
+    end
+end
+
 function pop_with_affinity!(ctx, tasks, proc, immediate_next)
     # allow JIT specialization on Pairs
     mapfirst(c) = first.(c)
diff --git a/test/processors.jl b/test/processors.jl
index 93ba80548..a3b7d2dab 100644
--- a/test/processors.jl
+++ b/test/processors.jl
@@ -76,4 +76,19 @@ end
             @everywhere pop!(Dagger.PROCESSOR_CALLBACKS)
         end
     end
+
+    @testset "Modify workers in Context" begin
+        ps = addprocs(4, exeflags="--project")
+        @everywhere ps using Dagger
+        
+        ctx = Context(ps[1:2])
+
+        Dagger.addprocs!(ctx, ps[3:end])
+        @test map(p -> p.pid, procs(ctx)) == ps
+
+        Dagger.rmprocs!(ctx, ps[3:end])
+        @test map(p -> p.pid, procs(ctx)) == ps[1:2]
+
+        wait(rmprocs(ps))
+    end
 end
diff --git a/test/scheduler.jl b/test/scheduler.jl
index 2641a40b6..2eb521d06 100644
--- a/test/scheduler.jl
+++ b/test/scheduler.jl
@@ -66,31 +66,96 @@ end
     end
     @everywhere (pop!(Dagger.PROCESSOR_CALLBACKS); empty!(Dagger.OSPROC_CACHE))
 
-    @testset "Add new workers" begin
-        using Distributed
-        ps1 = addprocs(2, exeflags="--project");
-    
-        @everywhere begin
+    @testset "Modify workers in running job" begin
+        # Test that we can add/remove workers while scheduler is running.
+        # As this requires asynchronity a Condition is used to stall the tasks to 
+        # ensure workers are actually modified while the scheduler is working 
+
+        setup = quote
            using Dagger, Distributed
            # Condition to guarantee that processing is not completed before we add new workers
+           # Note: c is used in expressions below
            c = Condition()
            function testfun(i)
-               i < 2 && return myid()
+               i < 4 && return myid()
                wait(c)
                return myid()
            end
         end
-    
-        ts = delayed(vcat)((delayed(testfun)(i) for i in 1:4)...);
-        job = @async collect(Context(ps1), ts);
-    
-        ps2 = addprocs(2, exeflags="--project");
-    
-        while !istaskdone(job)
-            @everywhere ps1 notify(c)
+
+        @testset "Add new workers" begin
+        ps = []
+        try     
+                ps1 = addprocs(2, exeflags="--project");
+                push!(ps, ps1)
+
+                @everywhere vcat(ps1, myid()) $setup
+        
+                ts = delayed(vcat)((delayed(testfun)(i) for i in 1:10)...);
+
+                ctx = Context(ps1)
+                job = @async collect(ctx, ts);
+
+                while !istaskstarted(job) 
+                    sleep(0.001)
+                end
+                
+                # Will not be added, so they should never appear in output
+                ps2 = addprocs(2, exeflags="--project");
+                push!(ps, ps2)
+
+                ps3 = addprocs(2, exeflags="--project")
+                push!(ps, ps3)
+                @everywhere ps3 $setup
+                Dagger.addprocs!(ctx, ps3)
+                @test length(procs(ctx)) == 4
+        
+                while !istaskdone(job)
+                    @everywhere ps1 notify(c)
+                    @everywhere ps3 notify(c)
+                end
+                @test fetch(job) isa Vector
+                @test fetch(job) |> unique |> sort == vcat(ps1, ps3)
+
+            finally
+                wait(rmprocs(ps))
+            end
         end
-        @test fetch(job) |> unique |> sort == ps1
 
-        wait(rmprocs(vcat(ps1,ps2)))
+        @testset "Remove workers" begin
+        ps = []
+        try     
+                ps1 = addprocs(4, exeflags="--project");
+                push!(ps, ps1)
+
+                @everywhere vcat(ps1, myid()) $setup
+        
+                ts = delayed(vcat)((delayed(testfun)(i) for i in 1:16)...);
+
+                ctx = Context(ps1)
+                job = @async collect(ctx, ts);
+
+                while !istaskstarted(job) 
+                    sleep(0.001)
+                end
+
+                Dagger.rmprocs!(ctx, ps1[3:end])
+                @test length(procs(ctx)) == 2
+
+                while !istaskdone(job)
+                    @everywhere ps1 notify(c)
+                end
+                res = fetch(job)
+                @test res isa Vector
+                # First all four workers will report their IDs without hassle
+                # Then all four will be waiting for the Condition
+                # While they are waiting ps1[3:end] are removed, but when the Condition is notified they will finish their tasks before being removed
+                @test res[1:8] |> unique |> sort == ps1
+                @test res[9:end] |> unique |> sort == ps1[1:2]
+
+            finally
+                wait(rmprocs(ps))
+            end
+        end
     end
 end